Hemoglobin Concentration In Group Research Articles

Effect of Educational Handouts With Standard Therapy Versus Standard Therapy Alone on Compliance With Oral Iron Supplementation in Antenatal Women With Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Iron requirements rise dramatically throughout the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Pregnant women are more susceptible to anemia because their needfor iron increases during pregnancy, which is difficult to achieve through diet alone. Methodology A randomized controlled trial (non-blinded and parallel group) was undertaken with the recruitment of 174 women. However, 35 women were lost to follow-up, and the study was ultimately completed with 139 participants distributing 68 women in Group A (intervention group) and 71 women in Group B (non-interventional group). Educational handouts were explained to the participants with iron supplements in Group A and only supplements were given to Group B, and the participants were followed up till three months before the recruitment period. Compliance with iron supplementation and a rise in hemoglobin were noted. Results In this study, maximum women were in the 22-30 years age group and were almost evenly distributed with respect to parity with no statistically significant difference in the groups. All the participants were started with oral iron therapy. No additional parenteral iron therapy was given. Women in Group A showed good compliance for iron supplementation than those in Group B. It was determined that this difference was statistically insignificant (>0.05). In the majority of women, the reason for poor compliance was frustration to follow oral iron therapy daily (52.3% in Group A and 21.7% in Group B). There were other reasons like forgetfulness, heartburn, vomiting, constipation, and nausea as the reason for poor compliance. The hemoglobin levels were compared at the recruitment and a mean rise in hemoglobin levels was noted in groups A and B at the follow-up period after three months. There was a greater mean rise in hemoglobin concentration in Group A (1.28) than in Group B (0.63), which was statistically insignificant (>0.05). Conclusion The current study found that among pregnant women with iron-deficient anemia, instructional handouts did not promote compliance with oral iron treatment. The main reasons for low compliance were frustration with taking the oral drug, followed by forgetfulness, heartburn, vomiting, constipation, and nausea. In pregnant females with anemia brought on by iron deficiency, educational handouts did not enhance hemoglobin status.

A Comparative Study of Blood Loss With and Without Infusion of Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Replacement

Introduction: Total knee replacement (TKR) is associated with significant blood loss in intra- and postoperative periods. This trial was designed to determine the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in the reduction of perioperative blood loss and the need for blood transfusion in patients undergoing primary TKR.Materials and methods: This study was performed at a tertiary care institute with 30 cases of primary unilateral TKR. The patients were randomly divided into two groups comprising 15 patients each. Group A comprised patients who received TXA by intravenous route and locally. Group B served as control, which comprised patients who had not received TXA. Patients were assessed in terms of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, reduction in haemoglobin, the requirement of blood transfusion, and any untoward effects of TXA at 24 and 72 hours after surgery.Results: In group A, the mean number of swabs used intraoperatively was 2.3 ± 0.5 swabs while in group B, the mean number was 4.3 ± 0.7 swabs (p = 0.0000). The mean drop in the postoperative haemoglobin concentration in group A was 0.6 gm/dl (24 hours) and 1.3 gm/dl (72 hours), with a mean postoperative drain collection of 247.3 ± 50.6 ml (24 hours) and 316.7 ± 55.6 ml (72 hours). In comparison, the mean drop in the postoperative haemoglobin in group B was 1.5 gm/dl (24 hours) and 2.3 gm/dl (72 hours), with a mean drain collection of 474 ± 30.7 ml (24 hours) and 453.3 ± 37.7 ml (72 hours) (p < 0.001). In group A, significantly fewer patients (four) required blood transfusion while 13 patients required blood transfusion in group B (p = 0.0004).Conclusion: The data from this study conclude that the use of TXA in TKR significantly reduces perioperative blood loss and the need for postoperative blood transfusion without significantly altering the liver and renal functions and coagulation profile of patients.

Role of DOAC plasma concentration on perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients with hip fractures.

There is an ever-increasing number of hip fracture (HF) patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). The impact of DOAC plasma level prior to HF surgery on perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements has not been investigated so far. In this retrospective study of HF patients on DOACs admitted to the AUVA Trauma Center Salzburg between February 2015 and December 2021. DOAC plasma levels were analysed prior to surgery. Patients were categorized into four DOAC groups: Group A < 30ng/mL, Group B 30-49ng/mL, Group C 50-79ng/mL, and Group D ≥ 80ng/mL. Haemoglobin concentration was measured upon admission, prior to surgery, after ICU/IMC admission, and on day 1 and 2 post-surgery. Difference in the blood loss via drains, transfusion requirements and time to surgery were compared. A total of 155 subjects fulfilled the predefined inclusion criteria. The median age of the predominantly female patients was 86 (80-90) years. Haemoglobin concentration in Group D was lower upon admissions but did not reach statistical significance. The decrease in haemoglobin concentration over the entire observation time was comparable between groups. Blood transfusion requirements were significantly higher in Group D compared to Group A and B (p = 0.0043). Time to surgery, intra- and postoperative blood loss via drains were not different among groups. No strong association between the DOAC plasma levels and perioperative blood loss was detected. Higher transfusion rates in patients with DOAC levels ≥ 80ng/mL were primarily related to lower admission haemoglobin levels. DOAC concentration measurement is feasible and expedites time to surgery.

Trypanocidal function of Terminalia catappa leaf extract in Albino rat

Trypanocidal function of Terminalia catappa leaf extract in Albino rat

Effects of dietary supplementation of red ginseng root powder on performance, immune system, caecal microbial population and some blood parameters in broilers

The aim of the research was to determine the effects of red ginseng root powder on performance, immune system, caecal microbial population and some blood parameters in broilers. A total of 224 daily Ross 308 male broiler chicks were divided into one control group and three experimental groups each containing 56 chicks. Red ginseng root powder was added to the diets of groups at the level of 0, 75, 150 and 225 mg/kg, respectively. The experimental period was 38 days. There were no differences in growth performance. Addition of 225 mg/kg of the red ginseng root powder increased the relative weight percentages of spleen and gizzard (P&amp;lt;0.05). Ginseng root powder supplementation didn’t affect biochemical parameters and antibody titers in blood serum. The values of haemoglobin, leukocytes, red blood cell distribution width and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in group fed diet supplemented with 225 mg/kg ginseng were increased significantly (P&amp;lt;0.001). The count of Lactobacillus spp. in the caecum (P&amp;lt;0.05) was increased with 75 mg/kg ginseng root powder addition. As a result, improvements were provided in immune organ weight and some hematological parameters with the addition of 225 mg/kg and in Lactobacillus spp. count in caecum with the addition of 75 mg/kg red ginseng root powder to the diets in broilers. Further studies are required to evaluate the bioavailability of the active compounds of red ginseng root powder and to determine the effects of its various doses on performance, immunity, antioxidant potential and intestinal microflora under various stress conditions in poultry.

Hematologic and Biochemical Values of Wild Red-Tailed Amazon Parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) Nestlings With Abnormal Clinical Examination in Rasa Island, Brazil

The red-tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) is an endangered psittacine species, but little information is available about abnormal clinical findings and hematologic and biochemical values of this species, which are important for monitoring the health of this population. To determine hematologic and biochemical values for wild red-tailed parrot nestlings exhibiting abnormal clinical findings, 31 nestlings from the Rasa Island (Paraná State, Southern Brazil) were physically restrained for clinical examination and blood sample collection. On physical examination, 26 birds had mild abnormalities and 5 had severe disorders. Parrots were divided into 5 groups according to the following clinical findings: presence of ectoparasites (group 1), respiratory disorders (group 2), chronic skin lesions caused by fly larvae (group 3), beak disorders (group 4), and severe clinical signs (group 5). Abnormal hematologic and biochemical findings in the nestlings were high total protein in group 3; low values for hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in group 4; low glucose concentration, high mean absolute heterophil count, and high heterophil : lymphocyte ratio in group 5; high concentrations of total plasma protein in groups 3 and 4; and high globulin concentration in groups 3 and 5. In general, the population assessed was in good condition. These results provide a guide to the expected clinical findings associated with hematologic and biochemical concentrations in a population of free-living parrots with abnormal clinical examination findings. The data support the conservation planning and health monitoring of the endangered red-tailed Amazon parrot.

Renal anaemia treatment in haemodialysis patients in the Central and Eastern European countries in everyday clinical practice follow-up

BackgroundChronic kidney disease is almost always accompanied by anaemia. Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESA) can increase haemoglobin concentration and thus reduce the frequency of anaemia-related complications including the cardiovascular events.AimThe aim of the study was to collect prospective data on 12-month standard ESA therapy used in haemodialyzed patients in selected CEE countries as well as on cardiovascular complications, iron status and anaemia treatment.Patients and methodsFifty centres in 3 countries participated in the study. A group of 398 haemodialysed stable patients (M-231, F-167) aged 19–90 years (57.5 ± 14.7) on standard ESA therapy for chronic renal anaemia were recruited. Twelve-month prospective data on iron parameters, ESA therapy and cardiovascular events were collected. The use of iron, folic acid and blood transfusions were also assessed. Patient were divided into three groups according to ESA therapy start: group A—patients who received ESA after start of haemodialysis, group B—patients who received ESA within 3 months from the day of first haemodialysis and group C—patients who had received ESA more than 3 months before haemodialysis. Chi2 test for qualitative data and Kruskall–Wallis test for quantitative data with p < 0.05 were used in statistical analysis.ResultsAt prestudy period, the mean weekly dose of ESA in group C was statistically lower than in the remaining two groups (3,823 ± 3,169 vs. 5,276 ± 2,915 and 6,427 ± 3,441 units/week, p < 0.001), but during prospective phase of the study the doses did not differ among groups A, B and C. No major fluctuation of ESA administration schedule was observed during the study in the groups; however, at majority of visits, the mean frequency of ESA administration in group C was statistically higher than in groups A and B. At baseline visit, the haemoglobin concentration in group A patients (10.86 ± 1.34 g/dL) was slightly lower than in group B (11.26 ± 1.43 g/dL) and group C (10.98 ± 1.35 g/dL) (p = 0.025), but at subsequent visits these differences disappeared and mean haemoglobin concentration was stable around 11 g/dL. Ferritin concentration increased from 280 ± 241 at baseline to 506 ± 405 at month 12, and no important differences in the groups were observed. The other haematological parameters (haematocrit, iron concentration) remained stable during the entire study. The frequency of blood transfusion and total volume of blood in group C were lower than in groups A and B. During the prospective 12-month follow-up, 23 (5.8 %) of the patients died and 35 (8.8 %) were transplanted. No differences in death or transplantation rate were observed among groups A, B and C. The number of patients with adverse events, serious adverse events or drug-related adverse events in all groups was similar. In conclusion, ESA therapy increased haemoglobin concentration and no major differences in haematological parameters among the groups were observed during the entire study irrespective of early versus late start. Mortality, cardiovascular events or other adverse events were similar among the groups during the observation period; however, the limitation of the study is the sample size.

Efficiency of Carbonyl Iron in Prevention of Anaemia in Piglets

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency of elemental iron preparation in the form of carbonyl iron in prevention of iron deficiency in piglets. The piglets in group I (n = 14) were given 210 mg of carbonyl iron orally at the age of 3 days. The piglets in group II (n = 15) received 210 mg of carbonyl iron orally on days 3 and 9. In group III (n = 14) the piglets were injected i.m. with 200 mg Fe3+ as iron dextran. Fourteen days after birth, haemoglobin concentration in group I started to decrease and the piglets developed anaemia. In group II, at the age of 28 days, Hb dropped below 80 g/l and the piglets developed anaemia. Under conditions of this trial, the oral administration of carbonyl iron did not prevent development of iron deficiency in piglets.

MEDIUM ALTITUDE TRAINING AND SEA-LEVEL PERFORMANCE 741

Despite a paucity of controlled studies with elite athletes and controversy surrounding its effectiveness, medium altitude training is widely used with a view to improving sea-level (SL) performance. We recruited 18 elite male distance runners of (mean±SD) age 26±5.0 yr and VO2max 73.2±3.8 ml/kg·min. Tests carried out at, or close to SL were: 3.2 k time trial; VO2max; steady-state heart-rate at 16 and 18 kph (HR 16, 18); short duration treadmill run (SDR) to exhaustion at 18kph and 10% gradient (mean time 170s); hemoglobin concentration (HC); and total body hemoglobin (TH, CO rebreathing technique). Two groups of 9 were selected based on pairs matched for previous and planned training, and the above test results. One group lived for 4 weeks at 1760m (ALT) and trained at 1700-2000m except for one track session/week at 610 m. The other group lived and trained at SL. At ALT, interval training was of similar speed to SL but longer recoveries were utilized. Retesting occurred at or close to SL in the week following the training camps. The effect of ALT, i.e. the difference between the (post-pre) ALT and (post-pre) SL means, was tested by ANOVA. Using p<0.05 to indicate significance, a 3% relative increase in VO2max at ALT was NS (p=0.1), but HR 16, 18 were both 5% lower after ALT than SL(p<0.01). TH was unchanged (p=0.3) and a 3% relative increase in mean HC in the ALT group was not significant (p=0.08). Mean improvement in SDR time was 10% greater in the SL group but also NS (p=0.09). The “bottom line” performance test was the 3.2k run which was 10s quicker in both ALT and SL groups but the difference between groups was NS (p=0.78). This emphasizes the importance of the control group. We conclude that 4 weeks of medium altitude training at 1760-2000m offers no advantages over SL in improving SL 3.2k running performance in already well-trained elite runners.

Cardiovascular adaptations to transfusion/chelation therapy of homozygote sickle cell anemia

The effect of transfusion/chelation therapy on the cardiovascular adaptations to chronic anemia in pediatric and young adult patients with homozygous sickle cell disease is uncertain. This study compares left ventricular (LV) function indexes and thoracoabdominal aortic systolic and diastolic blood flow in nontransfused and transfused patients with homozygous sickle cell disease. The study population consisted of 29 nontransfused patients with homozygous sickle cell disease, ages 0.4 to 20.9 years (group 1) and 11 chronically transfused/chelated patients, ages 4.0 to 21.8 years (group 2). The mean total hemoglobin concentration in group 2 was 28% greater than that in group 1. The mean duration of transfusion/chelation therapy in group 2 was 3.7 years. The percent of predicted LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were significantly greater than the respective controls in both groups. There was no significant difference in percent of predicted LV end-diastolic dimension (group 1, 120 ± 12%; group 2, 120 ± 12%) or percent of predicted LV end-systolic dimension (group 1, 120 ± 12%; group 2, 117 ± 8) between the groups. The percent of LV shortening fraction was similar in study groups and control subjects. Aortic systolic blood flow (cc/min/m2) for group 1 (2,426 ± 841) and 2 (2,374 ± 1,004) were significantly greater than corresponding control values (1,683 ± 442, 1,736 ± 430, respectively). Aortic diastolic blood flow was significantly greater than corresponding control values for both group 1 (699 ± 313 vs 488 ± 212) and group 2 (1,080 ± 607 vs 588 ± 219). These findings suggest that transfusion/chelation of homozygote sickle cell anemia for central nervous system ischemia does not alter pretransfusion cardiovascular adaptations to chronic anemia.