Hematological Profile Research Articles

Evidence of obesity-induced inflammatory changes in client-owned cats.

Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus are common health issues in obese (OB) cats. In humans, obesity leads to alterations in adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, causing persistent inflammation. The inflammatory impact of obesity in cats remains unproven. This study investigated associations between obesity and inflammatory and metabolic changes in three groups of client-owned Brazilian domestic shorthair cats: naturally lean, overweight (OW), and OB. Cats from the Veterinary Hospital of Professor Sylvio Barbosa e Cardoso (FAVET/UECE) were clinically evaluated. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical profile measurements, and part of the serum was used for measuring adipokine and inflammatory cytokines using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In both the OW and OB groups, serum cholesterol and insulin concentrations increased, while triglyceride concentrations were notably elevated in the OB group. In the OW and OB groups, serum adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β levels were elevated, and leptin levels were significantly higher in the OB group. This study is the first in Brazil to reveal increased serum levels of inflammatory markers in OW and OB client-owned felines. OW cats exhibited higher proinflammatory marker levels, implying obesity-induced inflammation.

Kaempferia galanga L. alleviates the expression of COX-2 and NF-kappaB-p65 in the oral mucosa ulcer of Wistar rats and exhibits no irritation toward the vascular membrane of chicken eggs and the skin of albino rabbits

The global incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in 2018 reached 5–66 % of the population, while in Indonesia 8 %. Moreover, the prevalence of oral mucosal fibrosis and recurrent aphthous stomatitis among male doctors and nurses in China was 21.24 % and 24.27 %, respectively. Our previous study has shown that the ethanol extract of Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome (EKGR) revealed an accelerated wound-healing effect in the oral mucosa ulcer of Wistar rats. This study aims to explore the effects of EKGR on the expression of NF-kappaB-p65 and COX-2 in the tongue tissue of male Wistar rats by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry technique, its safety towards the vascular membrane of the egg chorioallantoic membrane, and its single-dose application on the skin of male rabbits. The rats were randomly assigned into 7 groups: the normal control; the negative control; the positive control (treated with triamcinolone acetonide); and 4 treatment groups of EKGR (0.5 %; 1 %; 2 %; 4 %). Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods were used to measure the expression of NF-kappaB-p65 and COX-2. The hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane assay was employed to predict the safety of EKGR towards the vascular membrane. Moreover, the effect of 200 mg/kg BW EKGR application on the dorsal skin of male albino rabbits was also evaluated. EKGR inhibits the expression of NF-kappaB-p65 and COX-2 as proven by WB and IHC results. In the HET-CAM assay, all concentrations of EKGR do not induce irritation responses, which elicits the safety of EKGR. The administration of EKGR causes mild irritation to the dorsal skin of male rabbits but does not induce erythema and edema, no significant changes in BW, no toxic effects on organ macroscopic examination or histopathology, and does not induce abnormalities in the hematological profile of male albino rabbits. EKGR has confirmed its anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the expression of COX-2 and NF-kappaB-p65 in the oral mucosa ulcer of Wistar rats. EKGR is safe as it does not exhibit irritating potential and harmful effects.

Laboratory profiling of patients with long COVID in the Brazilian Amazon region: A cross-sectional study.

The condition commonly referred to as long coronavirus disease (COVID) is characterized by the continuation of symptoms, sometimes accompanied by new symptoms that persist after the resolution of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This observational cross-sectional study investigated 332 patients with long COVID in the Brazilian Amazon region. The study aimed to elucidate the systemic interactions associated with long COVID by compiling the findings related to hematological, coagulation, immunological, metabolic, hepatic, renal, and muscular profiles. Participants with long COVID were identified using rigorous criteria and underwent thorough laboratory examinations. The obtained data were subsequently analyzed, allowing for comparisons, associations, and correlations between findings within distinct groups in the study. Significant associations were observed between hospitalization during the acute phase and persistent laboratory abnormalities, suggesting a potential link between acute severity and long-term effects. Notably, individuals with long COVID for over a year exhibited elevated levels of monocytes, prolonged prothrombin times, reduced prothrombin activity, high levels of lactate dehydrogenase, and an increased frequency of qualitative C-reactive protein detection. This study provides valuable insights into the laboratory risk profile of patients with long COVID, particularly in the unique context of the Amazon region, where patients exhibit persistent symptoms lasting up to 1261 days.

Effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on aging-related changes in healthy geriatric dogs: A randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study.

This study aimed to explore the clinical potential of Withania somnifera/ashwagandha root extract (ARE) to mitigate age-related changes in healthy geriatric dogs. We hypothesized that ARE can reduce the effects of advancing age, including physiological changes, immune response decline and susceptibility to diseases, by its immunomodulatory effects. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Telangana, India, from July 2022 to September 2022. Twenty apparently healthy dogs, aged 8 years or older, were enrolled. The dogs were divided into two groups to receive ARE (15mg/kg, once daily, orally) or a placebo control. Various parameters, including serum cortisol levels, haematological profiles, biochemical markers, antioxidant indicators and anti-inflammatory responses, were assessed at the initiation of study, day 30, and day 60. The erythrocyte count and haemoglobin levels were significantly increased with ARE (p<0.001), whereas leukocyte count decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, significant decreases in important markers of liver function (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin and globulin; p<0.001 at day 60), as well as kidney function markers (creatinine and blood urea nitrogen; p<0.001 at days 30 and 60), were observed in ARE-treated dogs compared to the placebo control group. In addition, the levels of markers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and malondialdehyde) were significantly modulated by ARE intervention, indicating strong antioxidant effects. Interestingly, serum cortisol levels reduced significantly with ARE (p<0.001). Compared to baseline, ARE significantly decreased key inflammatory markers, including interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells and interleukin-10 (p<0.001) levels at day 60. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that ARE has adaptogenic properties in healthy geriatric dogs by improving haematological and biochemical profiles, enhancing antioxidant defence, reducing stress and modulating inflammatory responses.

Hypolipidemial potentials of selected seed oils on high-fat fed adult albino rats

Annually, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) claim the lives of more than 17 million individuals. In this study, hypolipidemia potential of Persea americana, Moringa oleifera, Chrysophyllum albidum and Capsicum annuum seed oils were evaluated. Fifty adult Wistar rats of both sexes weighing between 120 and 170 g were grouped into ten, with five animals in each group. The animals were stabilized for one week prıor to the induction period. The seed oils were administered in their meal for fourteen days. Blood samples were collected through a cardıac puncture into heparinized tubes centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes and were used for haematological and lipid profile assays. Comparatively between the analyte and control groups, the result showed no significant difference (p≥0.05) in haemoglobin (HB) with a significant increase (p≤0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) level of the rats. In addition, there were significant reductions in the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. Among the male rats of the analyte and control group, there was a significant increase (p&lt;0.5) in the level of high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol ın their blood samples. This study reveals that the rich essential fatty acid reported in the seed oils has hypolipidemic effect potential.

Anti-parasitic activity of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts against Dactylogyrus spp. (Monogenean) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Hematology, immune response, histopathological investigation, and inflammatory cytokine genes of gills

BackgroundGills monogenean infestation causes significant mortalities in cultured fishes as a result of respiratory manifestation. Medicinal plants are currently being heavily emphasized in aquaculture due to their great nutritional, therapeutic, antimicrobial activities, and financial value.MethodsThe current study is designed to assess the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts as a water treatment on the hematological profile, innate immunity, and immune cytokines expression besides histopathological features of gills of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) infected with gills monogenetic trematodes (Dactylogyrus sp.). Firstly, the 96-hour lethal concentration 50 (96 h-LC50) of garlic extract (GE) and onion extract (OE) were estimated to be 0.4 g/ L and 3.54 g/ L for GE and OE, respectively. Moreover, the in-vitro anti-parasitic potential for (GE) was found between 0.02 and 0.18 mg/mL and 0.4 to 1.8 mg/mL for OE. For the therapeutic trial, fish (n = 120; body weight: 40–60 g) were randomly distributed into four groups in triplicates (30 fish/group, 10 fish/replicate) for 3 days. Group1 (G1) was not infected or treated and served as control. G2 was infected with Dactylogyrus spp. and not exposed to any treatment. G3, G4 were infected with Dactylogyrus sp. and treated with 1/10 and 1/5 of 96 h LC50 of OE, respectively. G5, G6 were infected with Dactylogyrus sp. and treated with 1/10 and 1/5 of 96 h LC50 of GE, respectively.ResultsNo apparent signs or behaviors were noted in the control group. Dactylogyrus spp. infected group suffered from clinical signs as Pale color and damaged tissue. Dactylogyrus spp. infection induced lowering of the hematological (HB, MCH, MCHC and WBCs), and immunological variables (lysozyme, nitric oxide, serum Anti- protease activities, and complement 3). the expression of cytokine genes IL-ß and TNF-α were modulated and improved by treatment with A. sativum and A. cepa extracts. The obtained histopathological alterations of the gills of fish infected with (Dactylogyrus spp.) were hyperplasia leading to fusion of the gill filament, lifting of epithelial tissue, aneurism and edema. The results indecated that G4 and G5 is more regenarated epithelium in compare with the control group.ConclusionA. sativum and A. cepa extracts enhance the blood profile and nonspecific immune parameters, and down-regulated the expression level of (IL-1β and TNF-α).

Methyl Parathion Induced Haematology Profile Alteration of Climbing Perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch.)

Methyl Parathion Induced Haematology Profile Alteration of Climbing Perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch.)

Feeding nanoparticles of copper oxide coated with lysine with or without added antagonists affects the copper status but not the performance of Holstein dairy cows

The apparent absorption of copper (Cu) in ruminants is low, with between 0.01 and 0.07 g/g absorbed from sources such as copper oxide (CuO) under typical feeding conditions, resulting in high levels of excretion. Improving the bioavailability of Cu could reduce the supplemental amount required to maintain Cu status and reduce excretion, particularly in the presence of dietary antagonists such as sulfur (S) and molybdenum (Mo). The objective of our study was to determine the Cu status of cows when fed nanoparticle CuO coated with Lys compared with conventional CuO when fed without or in combination with antagonists to Cu absorption (S and Mo) in the diet of dairy cows. Fifty-six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows that were 48 d ± 17.2 (mean ± SD) postcalving and yielding 41 ± 6.4 kg of milk per day were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The 4 treatment groups were: CuO (O-), CuO with added antagonists (O+), nano CuO with a lysine coating (N-), and nano CuO with a Lys coating with added antagonists (N+), fed for 16 wk. We formulated the diets to contain ∼17 mg of Cu/kg DM, and diets with antagonists contained an additional 1 g of S/kg DM and 6 mg of Mo/kg DM, with Lys added to O- and O+ to provide the same daily supply as N- and N+. Blood samples were collected at wk 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 16, and liver biopsy samples at wk 0 and 16. We found no effect of dietary treatment on DMI, milk yield, live weight, or BCS, with mean values of 23.3 kg/d, 40.1 kg/d, 646 kg, and 2.68, but milk SCC was higher in cows fed conventional compared with nano CuO, or added compared with no added antagonists. We also found no effect of treatment on blood activity of gamma glutamyl transferase, superoxide dismutase, or ceruloplasmin, hematology profile, or plasma Cu and iron concentration. We found that plasma Mo concentration was increased from 0.36 µmol/L in cows fed O- or N- to 0.80 µmol/L in those receiving O+ or N+. Additional dietary antagonists also decreased the concentration of Cu in the liver of cows fed conventional CuO (C+) over the study period by 1.3 mg/kg DM per day, but in cows fed dietary antagonists and nano CuO coated with Lys (N+), liver Cu concentration was increased by 1.1 mg/kg DM per day. Our study is the first to demonstrate that reducing the particle size of CuO into the nano scale with a lysine coating improves the bioavailability of CuO in the presence of dietary antagonists in dairy cattle, and we did not observe any negative effects on performance or health.

A Comprehensive Study on Ruptured Liver Abscess in a Tertiary Care Center.

Background Bacteria and parasites cause liver abscesses (LAs), with the unusual but fatal consequence of ruptured LA. Along with the clinical signs of icterus, right upper quadrant pain, and a history of loose stools, patients present with non-specific symptoms such as fever, nausea, and generalized weakness. Consistent findings include male sex prevalence and frequent alcohol consumption. Leukocytosis, abnormal liver function, and an increased international normalized ratio have been identified by biochemical analysis; however, these findings are not specific to a ruptured LA diagnosis, and imaging is necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis. Ultrasonography usually confirms the diagnosis, and computed tomography is required in certain situations. In confined ruptures, percutaneous drainage combined with antibiotic therapy is typically the initial treatment course. Generally reserved for non-responders or moribund patients with delayed presentation, an open surgical approach may involve simple draining of a ruptured abscess or ileocecal resection, or right hemicolectomy in cases of large bowel perforations, both of which increase patient morbidity. A definite guide to management is still missing in the literature. In this article, we have discussed and correlated with data the predictors of surgery and preoperative predictors of perforation. Materials and methods This retrospective study was performed at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, between January 2022 and December 2023. The study included 115 patients diagnosed with ruptured LA by ultrasound. Medical records were analyzed, and various parameters of the illness, clinical features, hematological and biochemical profiles, ultrasound features, and therapeutic measures were noted and assessed. Results Of the 115 patients, 88% (n = 101) were male. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (114 patients) and right upper abdominal tenderness (107 patients).Fifty-two patients were treated with percutaneous drainage, and 42 underwent laparotomy. Intercostal drainage (ICD) tubes were placed in 19 patients. Sixteen patients had large bowel perforations. Twenty-three patients died (20%), including 17 patients who underwent laparotomy and nine patients who had large bowel perforation (39.1% associated with overall mortality, 52.9% associated with mortality in laparotomy). One patient with percutaneous drainage and a right ICD tube died in the intensive care unit. Four patients died before intervention. Significant associations were noted between perforation and mortality in patients who underwent surgical drainage. Loose motions, alcohol and smoking consumption, and deranged creatinine and albumin levels were found to have a significant association with surgical drainage. Conclusion The study found that a ruptured liver abscess (LA)may require surgery to drain the collection or repair the pathological bowel, which increases the morbidity, but it is a lifesaving procedure over percutaneous catheter drainage. The study also identified factors associated with a higher risk of death, such as a history of loose stools and low blood albumin levels.

Study of Clinical and Haematological Profile of Vitamin b12 Deficiency and to Check Response to Vitamin b12 Therapy

Objectives: Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) deficiency has been a known clinical entity for long time. Average Indian diet is deficient in vitamin B12. Deficiency of vitamin is associated with a wide spectrum of haematologic and neuropsychiatric disorders that can often be reversed by early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Diagnosis is easy and treatment ids cheap. Hence, we conducted this study to find patterns of presentation in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency with haematological profile and to check response to therapy. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted between September 2016 and November 2018 in the Department of Medicine at Government Medical College, Nagpur, India. One hundred patients whose serum vitamin B12 level was &lt;250 pg/mL were included in the study. Results: Mean vitamin B12 level in patients was 162.64 ± 43.31 pg/mL. Most of patients were male and deficiency was common among vegetarians. History of alcoholism was present in 41% of patients. The most common complaint was fatigue present in 87% of patients. Most common neuropsychiatric complaint was tingling and numbness (14%). Most common sign elicited was pallor in 96% of patients while icterus and knuckle hyperpigmentation was present in 57% and 74% of patients, respectively. Mean haemoglobin (Hb) among cases was 6.09 ± 2.21 g/dL. After treatment, all the patients showed a dramatic response in Hb level, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width and mean platelet volume. Conclusion: Deficiency of vitamin B12 is associated with plethora of clinical manifestations. Males, alcoholics and vegetarians are at risk. Early treatment halts late complications.

Effects of Herbicide, Glyphosate on Haematological Profile of Clarias batrachus (Linn.)

The glyphosate (C3H8NO5P) is an herbicide widely used by farmers in agriculture to eradicate weeds. The present study includes the airbreathing fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) induced to sublethal concentration (2.46 mg/L) of inorganic herbicide, glyphosate for 30 days showed haematological profile alterations. In the treated group significant changes were observed in the haematological profile. The parameters Hb, RBC and WBC were decreases while in DLC, Neutrophil, Monocytes and Eosinophil an increases were observed. The present study concluded that Clarias batrachus is susceptible to herbicide, glyphosate at very low concentration. So, it is suggested that water contamination with glyphosate concentration of less than 2.46 mg/L in fish culture pond may be suitable for optimum growth performance.

Mustard oil consumption and Harris platelet syndrome: unveiling a dietary link to thrombocytopenia in the Indian subcontinent

Background and objectives: Asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, characterized by a reduced platelet count without bleeding symptoms, is notably prevalent in certain regions of India and Bangladesh, presenting a diagnostic challenge. A significant portion of healthy blood donors from Bangladesh and various parts of India, particularly West Bengal, exhibit this condition, termed Harris platelet syndrome (HPS). This review explores the potential correlation between mustard oil consumption, a common dietary staple in these regions, and the incidence of HPS. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using systematic search strategies across databases such as Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus. Keywords included "Harris platelet syndrome," "mustard oil consumption," "thrombocytopenia," and "erucic acid." Studies were selected based on relevance and quality, focusing on the epidemiology of HPS, dietary habits, and the thrombocytopenic effects of erucic acid. Results: HPS shows a significant geographical prevalence in the Indian subcontinent, notably in regions like West Bengal, Kashmir, and Assam. The review identifies a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia in areas with predominant mustard oil usage. Studies highlight the association between dietary erucic acid from mustard oil and thrombocytopenia, with notable effects observed in patients treated with Lorenzo’s Oil, which contains erucic acid. Conclusions: The review highlights a significant association between mustard oil consumption and asymptomatic thrombocytopenia in the Indian subcontinent. The similarity in hematological profiles between HPS and erucic acid-induced thrombocytopenia underscores the need for further research. This includes measuring erucic acid levels in patients, conducting controlled dietary interventions, and genetic analyses to differentiate between genetic and environmental factors. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):009. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.021 *Correspondence: Wasim Md MohosinUl Haque, Department of Nephrology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), 122 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Email: wmmhaque@live.com

Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand and the Cardiovascular Disease Continuum: Insights from Hypertensive Urgencies and Acute Heart Failure Events

Background: Although TRAIL is a potent propapoptotic factor, its role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. This pilot exploratory study investigated serum TRAIL changes along the CVD continuum. We focused on two successive phases of this spectrum (systemic arterial hypertension and heart failure), with emphasis on acute cardiac events due to their immediate clinical significance. Methods: The study population included 90 age- and sex-matched patients hospitalized with hypertensive urgencies (HTUs) or acute decompensation episodes (ADHF). Key echocardiographic, endothelial, cardiometabolic, renal, and liver markers were assessed alongside TRAIL levels. Results: ADHF patients showed significantly elevated TRAIL concentrations, suggesting a progressive rise in TRAIL levels along the CVD continuum. They exhibited worse cardiac, hematologic, and renal profiles, with longer hospital stays and the cachexic phenotype. TRAIL correlated directly with asymmetric dimethylarginine, C-reactive protein, and admission potassium in ADHF patients. In hypertensive subjects, it correlated directly with asymmetric dimethylarginine and inversely with erythrocyte size variability. TRAIL may, thus, serve as a compensatory mechanism in HF, with potential as a biomarker for acute cardiovascular events. Conclusions: TRAIL dynamics provide valuable insights into CVD pathophysiology, particularly in acute settings, warranting further investigation to clarify its role in the broader context of apoptosis and cardiovascular health.

Hyaluronic acid impacts hematological endpoints and spleen histological features in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Since its identification in the vitreous humour of the eye and laboratory biosynthesis, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been a vital component in several pharmaceutical, nutritional, medicinal, and cosmetic uses. However, little is known about its potential toxicological impacts on aquatic inhabitants. Herein, we investigated the hematological response of Clarias gariepinus to nominal doses of HA. To achieve this objective, 72 adult fish were randomly and evenly distributed into four groups: control, low-dose (0.5 mg/l HA), medium-dose (10 mg/l HA), and high-dose (100 mg/l HA) groups for two weeks each during both the exposure and recovery periods. The findings confirmed presence of anemia, neutrophilia, leucopoenia, lymphopenia, and eosinophilia at the end of exposure to HA. In addition, poikilocytosis and a variety of cytomorphological disturbances were observed. Dose-dependent histological alterations in spleen morphology were observed in the exposed groups. After HA removal from the aquarium for 2 weeks, the groups exposed to the two highest doses still exhibited a notable decline in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and an increase in mean corpuscular volume. Additionally, there was a significant rise in neutrophils, eosinophils, cell alterations, and nuclear abnormalities percentages, along with a decrease in monocytes, coupled with a dose-dependent decrease in lymphocytes. Furthermore, only the highest dose of HA in the recovered groups continued to cause a significant increase in white blood cells. White blood cells remained lower, and the proportion of apoptotic RBCs remained higher in the high-dose group. The persistence of most of the haematological and histological disorders even after recovery period indicates a failure of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome the HA-associated problems or insufficient duration of recovery. Thus, these findings encourage the inclusion of this new hazardous agent in the biomonitoring program and provide a specific pattern of hematological profile in HA-challenged fish. Further experiments are highly warranted to explore other toxicological hazards of HA using dose/time window protocols.

O-027 Efficacy results from the phase II randomized clinical trial: OXO-001 in infertile women undergoing egg donation IVF/ICSI

Abstract Study question Does OXO-001 increase implantation and pregnancy rates in women undergoing egg donation IVF/ICSI and embryo transfer (ET) compared to placebo? Summary answer This proof-of-concept (PoC) prospective randomized and controlled study shows that OXO-001 treatment increases implantation and pregnancy rates in infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI with studied doses. What is known already OXO-001 is a drug being developed as an innovative treatment to enhance embryo implantation through a direct effect on the endometrium. Preclinical results show an increase in embryo implantation and viability. Moreover, they show that OXO-001 is safe for the mother, the fetuses, and the newborns without any deleterious effect on the development, viability, and implantation potential of OXO-001-exposed embryos. Neither conceptus development nor morphological disturbances have been observed in the deciduas of treated-pregnant mice. Furthermore, clinical trials confirmed that OXO-001 has the necessary wide safety margin and non-complex kinetics, allowing further research on its therapeutic potential in infertility. Study design, size, duration It was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and multicenter phase II clinical trial with three parallel arms conducted at 28 European centers (September/2021-January/2023. EudraCT Num:2021-000001-25). A subset of women ≤40 years were analyzed. A total of 173 were randomized in the three study arms (Placebo, 200 and 300mg/day OXO-001). Treatment started one menstrual cycle before the ET cycle and continued until 5 weeks after ET. The results of this communication are focused on the 300mg/day dose. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients were infertile women (18-40 years; BMI 18-30 kg/m2) eligible for a fresh-single blastocyst (day 5 and ≥3BB) ET resulting from a donor egg. Exclusion criteria include gynecological abnormalities and history of ≥ 2 failed ET, among others. The primary endpoint was ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR). Secondary included biochemical and clinical pregnancy (BPR and CPR), live birth rate (LBR), and safety and tolerability of OXO-001. Main results and the role of chance 111 women were randomized, and 96 performed a single ET (42 Placebo, 54 OXO-001 300mg/day). Higher BPR, CPR, OPR, and LBR per delivery after were observed in the OXO-001 group versus placebo (75.9% vs. 52.4%*, 50.0% vs. 37.5%, 46.3% vs. 35.7%, 42.6% vs. 35.7%, respectively. *p&amp;lt;0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the BPR for OXO-001 versus placebo (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.17-7.85; p = 0.022), and a clinically meaningful difference for CPR, OPR, and LBR after a single ET. In safety evaluation, the frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) assessed as at least possibly related to the study medication were similar between groups (14 for OXO-001 and 10 for placebo). Most TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity. The most common TEAES were headache, nausea and vomiting, gastrointestinal and dizziness. The assigned study medication was well tolerated, and relevant changes in laboratory analyses (hematology and biochemical profile) were not observed. Limitations, reasons for caution This PoC study was designed to define clinically meaningful differences in fertility outcomes and find patient profiles. It was not empowered to find statistical differences in the OPR. An empowered phase III study is needed to confirm the positive results from phase II. Wider implications of the findings his phase II PoC has achieved its objectives showing that OXO-001 increases more than 10% pregnancy rates in infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI, with a safe and well-tolerated profile. This is a step forward toward the first therapeutic tool to increase embryo implantation and ET success. Trial registration number EudraCT Number: 2021-000001-25

Haematological Profile in Patients With Acute Falciparum Malaria: A Hospital-Based Study.

Introduction Malaria is the most common parasitic disease affecting humans. Haematological alterations in malaria are expected, and these changes play a significant role in fatal complications. The present study aims to assess the clinical and haematological profile in patients with acute falciparum malaria and the significance of various haematological and coagulation alterations with the clinical severity of malaria. Methods The prospective cross-sectional study included 68 acute falciparum malaria cases. Thick and thin blood film microscopy and a rapid diagnostic kit were used to diagnose malaria. The cases were subjected to various haematological and biochemical investigations. Bone marrow aspiration samples were also collected. Using appropriate statistical methods, the findings were compared between severe and uncomplicated malaria cases. A p-value below 0.05 was considered significant. Results The participants' ages ranged from 14 to 78. Most participants (n = 51, 75%) were male and belonged to the lower income group (33, 48.5%). Significant variations in mean parasite count between severe and uncomplicated malaria cases (p-value < 0.01) were observed. The severe and uncomplicated groups showed significant differences in haemoglobin (gm/dL), haematocrit, red blood cell count, reticulocyte, serum iron, and ESR levels (p-value < 0.05). The severe malaria group had considerably reduced mean platelet counts (p-value < 0.01). Only five instances (7.3%) had an appropriate erythropoietic response after day 28. Erythroid hyperplasia with dyserythropoietic alterations was most common in patients with severe anaemia and low-grade parasitaemia. Conclusion Acute falciparum malaria is often associated with haematological alterations. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia were the most expected alterations associated with disease prognosis and mortality.

Hematological profile, rumen fermentation, antioxidant state, and immune response of Egyptian Nubian goats fed on Astragalus membranaceus root extract supplemented ration

Background In recent years, Astragalus membranaceus extract has been widely used in animals due to their antimicrobial activities, ability to enhance immunity, and antioxidant functions. Objective We aimed to determine the antioxidant and inhibitory activities of A. membranaceus root powder (AMP) and its cytotoxicity and effects on hematological profile, rumen fermentation, antioxidant status, and immune response in Egyptian Nubian goats. Materials and methods Twenty-five goats are used in this study were received 20 g/animal/day of AMP mixed with their basic diet for 28 days. The study involved measuring the antioxidant activity of AMP using the 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and determining the viability and cytotoxicity percentage using the methyl-thiazolyl tetrazolium protocol. Results After 14 and 28 days of the daily feeding with 20 g of AMP, there was a significant increase in hematological profile, leukocyte count, total volatile fatty acid, and rumen ammonium concentrations with an enhancement in protozoal activity. Also, there was an increase in catalase and total antioxidant capacities along with promoting immunoglobulin (A, M, and G) contents with no significant effect on the insulin level compared with 0 days. Malondialdehyde contents decreased significantly. For all examined concentrations, A. membranaceus showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It also showed a high cytotoxicity percentage in cancer cells. Discussion and conclusions A. membranaceus root extract supplementation significantly increases hematology parameters and rumen fermentation, and improves immune status and antioxidant activity both in-vitro and in live animals. It also exhibits potent cytotoxicity on cancer cells.

Prevalence, clinical and haematological profile and outcome of BCR-ABL1-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Indian children: A prospective observational study

BackgroundBCR-ABL1-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) represents a perplexing subclass of ALL mainly due to genomic heterogeneity and non-availability of standardized diagnostic tests. The data on prevalence, clinical–haematological profile and outcome are limited, more so from low-middle income countries. MethodsThis prospective observational study enrolled children<14 years with B-ALL. Recurrent genetic/chromosomal aberrations were excluded. BCR-ABL1-like aberrations were analysed using Polymerized Chain Reaction (PCR) or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Two groups with/without BCR-ABL1-like ALL (Mut+/Mut-) were compared. ResultsOut of 214 eligible children; 75 with “B-other ALL” were analysed for BCR-ABL1-like aberrations. Their prevalence was 34/214 (15.8%) in B-ALL and 34/75 (45.3%) in “B-other” ALL (PCR:33.3% and NGS:53.3%). Majority of the aberrations were JAK2E16 and ILR7e5/ILR7e6 with PCR and RAS pathway and PAX5 fusion with NGS. Baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters including aberrant flowcytometry were comparable in Mut+ and Mut-groups. Children with day-8 absolute blast count (ABC) were higher in Mut+ group. High end-induction minimal residual disease (MRD) was comparable in two groups. Number of NCI-standard risk (SR) at diagnosis with high D-8 ABC or high MRD was higher in Mut+ group. Similar results were found when aberrations were analysed by NGS alone. In all 56 children are alive, 19 had an event (relapse/death). The outcomes were comparable in two groups with median follow-up of 1075 days (IQR: 660–1527); when analysis was based on combined as well as NGS-based methodology alone. ConclusionsWe report 15.8% prevalence of BCR-ABL1-like ALL in children by PCR or NGS. High D-8 ABC was associated with BCR-ABL1-like ALL with no impact on outcomes.

Immature reticulocyte fraction: A novel biomarker of hemodynamic severity in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Various erythropoietic abnormalities are highly prevalent among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and associated with worse disease severity. Given the poorly understood yet important roles of dysregulated erythropoiesis and iron metabolism in PAH, we sought to further characterize the hematologic and iron profiles in PAH and their relationship to PAH severity. We recruited 67 patients with PAH and 13 healthy controls. Hemodynamics attained within 1 year of blood sample collection were available for 36 patients. Multiple hematologic, iron, and inflammatory parameters were evaluated for their association with hemodynamics. The subset with hemodynamic data consisted of 29 females (81%). The most common etiologies were idiopathic PAH (47%) and connective tissue disease-related PAH (33%). 19 (53%) had functional class 3 or 4 symptomatology, and 12 (33%) were on triple pulmonary vasodilator therapy. Immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) had significant positive correlations with mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (mPAP) (0.59, p < 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance (0.52, p = 0.001), and right atrial pressure (0.46, p = 0.005), and significant negative correlations with cardiac index (-0.43, p = 0.009), PA compliance (PAC) (-0.60, p < 0.001), stroke volume index (SVI) (-0.57, p < 0.001), and mixed venous oxygen saturation (-0.51, p = 0.003). IRF correlated with markers of iron deficiency (ID) and erythropoiesis. On multivariable linear regression, IRF was associated with elevated mPAP and reduced SVI and PAC independent of EPO levels, transferrin saturation, and soluble transferrin receptor levels. We identified IRF as a novel and potent biomarker of PAH hemodynamic severity, possibly related to its associations with erythropoiesis, ID, and tissue hypoxia.

Innovative Rehabilitation Strategies for Chemical Dependency: Integrating Biochemical Insights and Psychosocial Approaches

Background: The increasing prevalence of substance use disorders underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying addiction, especially their impact on blood and genetic health. Chemical dependency not only affects physiological processes but also interacts with genetic predispositions, influencing the course and complications of addiction. Methods: This study investigates the relationship between chemical dependency, biochemical factors, and their implications for blood composition and genetic health. We examined how substance use disorders alter hematological profiles, affect hematopoiesis, and interact with genetic factors. The research involved analyzing changes in blood markers and genetic expressions related to addiction and recovery. Progressive rehabilitation techniques were evaluated for their effectiveness in addressing these issues. Results: Our findings reveal that chemical dependency significantly impacts blood composition, including alterations in hematological markers and disturbances in hematopoietic processes. Genetic factors were found to play a role in exacerbating addiction risks and health complications. Progressive rehabilitation techniques incorporating advancements in genetics and biochemistry were shown to improve outcomes by providing personalized interventions that address both physiological and psychological aspects of recovery. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of integrating biochemical and genetic assessments into rehabilitation programs to enhance the effectiveness of treatment. Personalized approaches that address the interplay between addiction, blood health, and genetic predispositions promote better psychosocial adaptation and biochemical stabilization. This comprehensive understanding contributes valuable insights into developing more effective rehabilitation practices, ultimately supporting improved mental health and overall well-being.