Hematological Parameters Research Articles

Clinical study of ocular manifestations in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed hematolymphoid malignancies at a tertiary care hospital

Objectives: To estimate the proportion of ocular manifestations in new and relapsed cases of various hematolymphoid malignancies and to determine an association between these ocular manifestations and the hematological parameters of the patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology in association with medical oncology. All patients with newly diagnosed or presenting with a relapse of hematolymphoid malignancies underwent a complete ocular evaluation. Results: A total of 63 patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 34.71 ± 19.80 years. Acute myeloid leukemia and B-ALL accounted for 73% of the cases. At the time of examination, 47.61% of patients (n = 30) were newly diagnosed and 52.38% (n = 33) had relapsed. Acute leukemias had more probability of having ocular manifestations than chronic leukemias (P = 0.01). Subconjunctival hemorrhage was found to be the most common anterior segment finding (n = 10, 15.87%; P = 0.05). The most common posterior segment finding seen in both the right and left eyes was dot blot hemorrhages (n = 20). Those patients who had hemoglobin counts <6.5 mg/dl had the most ophthalmic manifestations (n = 20); of which Roth spots were seen the most (n = 6; P = 0.04). And those who had platelet counts <50,000 cells/cumm presented with Roth spots (n = 6, P = 0.05) followed by subretinal hemorrhages (n = 5, P = 0.05) and preretinal hemorrhages (n = 5, P = 0.05). Conclusion: Screening to detect ocular manifestations is of importance in hematolymphoid malignancy, especially in newly detected and relapsed cases. A complete ocular examination is recommended in these patients, as most patients are asymptomatic and ocular manifestation could be an early sign of worsening of the disease. Among the various blood parameters, low hemoglobin and platelet counts are definite indicators of the presence of intraretinal bleeding manifestations.

Evaluation of hematological parameter, glycemic status and risk factors responsible for neonatal septicemia and bacterial agents causing neonatal sepsis in chattogra, Bangladesh

Evaluation of hematological parameter, glycemic status and risk factors responsible for neonatal septicemia and bacterial agents causing neonatal sepsis in chattogra, Bangladesh

Clinical, seroepidemiological and hematological study of Buffaloes Babesiosis in Basrah, Iraq

Objective: Babesiosis is one of the important diseases in cattle and buffaloes, the current study conducting to diagnoses and evaluate the infection by B.pigeamina in buffaloes during the period of November 2022 to September 2023. Methods: The study included 210 animals of both sexes and varied ages. The blood sampling from 220 water buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) in the north of Basrah governorate during the period of November 2022 to September 2023; the samples collected from both sexes and different ages ranged between 1 to 5 years. At these ten months 20 blood samples was randomly collected each month to compared with the control 10 animals. Results: The blood smear from infected buffaloes show the parasite clearly while the clinical signs reported as: babesiosis confirm 16% (32 affected animals) represented by fever, emaciation, anorexia, low milk production, jaundice of mucous membrane, corneal opacity and hemoglobinuria. The subclinical infected buffaloes which represented 41% (82 affected animals) appear healthy with no clinical signs. Also indicate that were no significant differences (P less than 0.05) between the infected and control group. The hematological parameters show significant differences (P less than 0.05) in RBCs count, total WBC count, deferential LC, Hb concentration and PCV in the infected buffaloes compare to the control animals while there were no significant differences (P less than 0.05) between the subclinical and control buffaloes except the RBCs count. The serological examination revealed to significant differences (P less than 0.05) in the infected group in posit to the control especially the liver enzymes and kidney function test enzymes which include: AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, creatinine and TP. Moreover, According the season and months the study detects the high infection rate in the summer while there were decrease in the infection rate in the mild or cold weather months. Moreover, the study indicates the high infection percentage in females compare to the male sex. Conclusion: Babesiosis is very important disease in Buffaloes in north of Basrah and there are no significant differences in infection rates between male and female.

Evaluation of phagocytic index and haematological parameters of Sida rhombifolia extracts in mice as immunomodulator

Evaluation of phagocytic index and haematological parameters of Sida rhombifolia extracts in mice as immunomodulator

Evaluation of full blood count among plasmodium parasatized pregnant women, in general hospital Sabo Kaduna state, Nigeria

Background: Malaria poses a significant public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among pregnant women, where it contributes to a high burden of infection and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of malaria on haematological and biochemical parameters among pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic at General Hospital Sabo Kaduna State, North-Western Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 70 pregnant women participated in the study, with subjects aged between 15 and 40 years. A total of 70 pregnant women participated in the study, 50 of which were malaria positive and 20 of which were malaria negative. Participants were recruited from Antenatal Clinic of General Hospital Sabo, Kaduna State. Socio-demographic characteristic and blood samples were collected and examine for malaria parasite, some haematological parameters (HCT, HGB, WBC, RBC and platelet count) were measured using the sysmex auto-haematology analyzer. Data generated was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical package. Results: Findings revealed that younger women, particularly those aged 21-25 years, constituted a significant proportion of the subjects, consistent with previous reports. Haematological analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell count (RBC), and platelet count among malaria parasitized pregnant women compared to controls (p<0.05). However, white blood cell (WBC) count remained within the normal reference range for both groups. Conclusion: These findings corroborate previous research indicating that malaria infection leads to alterations in haematological parameters, primarily attributed to mechanical destruction of parasitized red blood cells and splenic clearance. Furthermore, there should be an enhanced efforts to implement malaria prevention and control strategies, promote sanitation practices to reduce mosquito breeding sites, and prioritize the inclusion of malaria parasite investigation as a routine test in antenatal care for pregnant women.

Physiological and metabolic responses in Kök-Börü horses: Correlations with game outcomes.

The aim of this study was to examine variations in stress, metabolic, and physiological parameters of horses used in the traditional equestrian team sport of Kök-Börü in relation to winning and losing outcomes. To accomplish this, blood samples were taken from horses on four different teams who participated in two separate games, both before and after game. These samples were used to measure levels of cortisol, ACTH, beta-endorphin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) via species-specific commercial ELISA kits. The autoanalyzer tested biochemical and hematological parameters. The gathered data were then analyzed statistically based on the teams' winning or losing status. The results suggested that winning teams had lower MID, red blood cell, HGB, RDW-SD, HCT, platelet distribution width, and creatine kinase values post-game in comparison to their pre-game state. Conversely, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and CREA values increased in the winning teams' post-game. Additionally, horses in the winning teams showed a decrease in cortisol, beta-endorphin, and ACTH levels post-game but increased levels of adrenaline and T3. Considering the pre-game values, it was found that GRA and Cl levels were lower in the winning teams. Before the game, adrenaline and T3 levels were higher in the winning teams. No significant difference was observed in post-game hematological parameters between the teams. However, post-game K, adrenaline, and noradrenaline levels were higher among the winning teams' horses, while cortisol and beta-endorphin levels were heightened in horses from the losing side. In conclusion, significant differences were not observed in the distribution of hematological and biochemical parameters of horses following the Kök-Börü games, regardless of the outcome. However, decreased post-game cortisol, ACTH, and beta-endorphin levels in winning teams may suggest better stress management abilities among these horses.

HEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WEANED PIGS FED MAIZE COB-CASSAVA PEEL MIXTURE AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE

This study was carried out to investigate the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of weaned pigs fed maize cob-cassava peel mixture as partial replacement for maize. A total of 36 crossbreed male piglets with initial body weight (6.07±0.02 kg) of about 7-8 weeks’ old were randomly distributed into four groups of nine animals per treatment. Each treatment was further divided into three replicates consisting of three pigs in a completely randomized design. Pigs in treatment 1 were fed 0 % maize cob-cassava peel mixture (CPMCM) while CPMCM was used to replace maize at 10 % (T2), 20 % (T3) and 30 % (T3). Phytochemical evaluation of CPMCM revealed the presence of alkaloids (19.10 mg/kg), tannins (8.17 mg/kg), saponins (9.11 mg/kg), cyanide (16.50 mg/kg), flavonoids (12.86 mg/kg) and phenol (7.72 mg/kg). All the haematological parameters: red blood cell, pack cell volume, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell, monocytes, basophils and lymphocytes were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment except for platelet values (P>0.05). Similarly, total protein, total bilirubin and gluscose levels were significantly different (P<0.05) among the treatments except for cholesterol, urea, creatinine, activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were not influenced by the treatment (P>0.05). However, values were within the normal range for heathy weaner pigs. It was concluded that CPMCM can be used to partially replace maize up to 30 % without having any negative effect on the health status of pigs.

Evaluating the Efficacy of a Polyherbal Formulation in Ameliorating Arthritis Induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant

Background: This study investigates the antiarthritic potential of a polyherbal formulation (PHF) comprising extracts from Tinospora cordifolia, Rosa damescena, and Acacia leucoploea in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic autoimmune disorder with debilitating consequences. PHF's impact on joint inflammation, bone degradation, and cartilage preservation were evaluated. Methods: Arthritis was induced using complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), and animals were treated with PHF (200 and 400 mg/kg), prednisolone, or control treatments for 28 days. Parameters including body weight, paw volume, arthritis severity score, hematological parameters, serum markers (creatinine, ALP, total proteins), cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10), and radiographic changes were assessed. Results: CFA-treated rats exhibited significant body weight loss, paw edema, increased arthritis severity scores, altered hematological parameters, and elevated serum markers compared to normal controls. PHF treatment at both doses mitigated body weight loss, reduced paw edema, and improved arthritis severity scores. Hematological changes induced by CFA were also attenuated by PHF treatment. Serum creatinine, ALP, and total protein levels, elevated in CFA-treated rats, were significantly improved by PHF. Furthermore, PHF modulated cytokine levels, decreasing IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α while increasing IL-10. Radiographic analysis displayed reduced joint damage in PHF-treated rats compared to CFA controls. Conclusion: This comprehensive investigation highlights PHF's potential to mitigate the inflammatory processes associated with RA, as evidenced by improved clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters. The study underscores the promise of traditional botanical compounds in managing RA and suggests PHFs as novel therapeutic options. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to elucidate the exact pathways involved.

ZOOTECHNICAL RESPONSE, PROFITABILITY INDICES, BLOOD PARAMETERS, ORGAN WEIGHT, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF PIGS FED PROCESSED CASSAVA ROOT MEAL

Forty (40) weaned pigs (Large white x Landrace, 10 week old, 14.9±0.18 kg body weight) were used to assess the effect of processed cassava root meal on the zootechnical response, profitability, blood parameters, organ weight, carcass characteristics and organoleptic properties of the pigs. The pigs were randomly allotted into four treatments with ten pigs serving as replicates in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted for forty-nine (49) days. The feed had 0.00%, 32.50%, 48.80% and 65.00% processed cassava root meal in the diets tagged D1, D2, D3 and D4 respectively. The final weight, total weight gain, average daily weight gain, total feed intake, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly different (P<0.05). There were significant differences (P <0.05) in the profitability indices except the feed cost per kg weight gain. All the hematological parameters were significantly affected (P<0.05) except for the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet. All the serum biochemical parameters were significantly (P<0.05) affected except aspartate aminotransferase, urea, total protein, glucose and triglyceride. The weight of the empty stomach, pancreas and heart were not significantly influenced (P>0.05) across the treatments while others were significantly influenced (P<0.05). All the carcass parameters were significantly influenced by processed cassava root meal (P<0.05) except the bled weight, trotter, picnic shoulder and spare rib. The color and juiciness of the meat were also significantly influenced by processed cassava root meal (P<0.05). In conclusion, up to 48.8% is considered favorable in the diet of weaned pigs.

Diagnostic Contribution of Hematological Parameters in Patients with Lung İnvolvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune condition, with lung involvement being its most frequent extra-articular manifestation. Our study aims to investigate the contribution of hematological parameters to diagnosing lung involvement in patients with RA. Individuals with RA were divided into two groups according to lung involvement in thorax computed tomography. C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) were evaluated in all patients. Twenty-nine of the seventy-five RA patients were found to have lung involvement, and lung involvement was not observed in forty-six patients. CRP, ESR, and neutrophils were high in patients with lung involvement and a statistically notable distinction was observed. Lymphocyte count was low in patients with lung involvement and was statistically significant. NLR, NMO, and SII rates were high in patients with lung involvement and were statistically significant. It is observed that hematological parameters contribute to diagnosing RA lung involvement.

Hematological profile of OSMF patients with increasing severity

Haematological profile of patients with oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF) and its correlation with the severity of OSMF is evaluated. The study comprised of sixty participants with clinical diagnoses. They were divided into smaller groups based on the OSMF stage. Sixty age and gender matched healthy controls were chosen among patients presenting for routine hematological examinations and free of systemic illnesses. Assessment of iron, hemoglobin, and red cell indices in all study participants was carried out. It was observed that the values of haematological tests like (Hb (g/dL), PCV, MCV (fl), MCH, MCHC, Iron (mg/dL) and Vitamin B12 (pg/Ml) was greater in normal subjects as compared to OSMF patients. Values were found to decrease further as the severity (staging) of OSMF increased among OSMF patients. The findings were statistically significant showing decrease in the values of different haematological parameters as the stage of OSMF progressed from stage I to stage III.

Toxicological effects of two major types of potash used as food additives in Nigeria: Biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analysis of major organs in Wistar rats

Trona or natron, often called potash, are evaporites, which are natural salts used unregulated in Nigeria as food additives, particularly to soften hard beans or tenderize tough cow meat, and for medical purposes. A 90-day sub-chronic toxicological study was conducted on Wistar rats weighing 120-140g to investigate the effects of consumption of these natural salts on hematological, histological and biochemical parameters. The experimental design involved 30 rats (n=10), considering attrition of two rats per group. The animals were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was administered potash type A, group 2 administered potash type B while group 3(control) received only food and water. Standard methods were used to analyze all parameters. All results were presented as mean ± SD, with p-values < 0.05 considered significant. Each potash type has LD50s exceeding 5000mg/kg. Potash types significantly increased AST and ALT levels (p<0.05) in liver function measures compared to the control group. In both potash types, creatinine levels were considerably higher (p<0.05) than the control, but Urea levels were not statistically different (p>0.05). Sample A (Trona) reduced RBCs, Hb, and PCV more than sample B (natron) in rats. Both types had WBCs and Platelets that were similar to controls (p>0.05). Effects of potash on four electrolytes :Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3- shows that potash type B contained elevated (p<0.05) levels of sodium than type A. Our results indicate that chronic consumption of each potash type or even both types, might expose users to hypernatremia, electrolyte imbalance, hematological problems, liver and kidney failures.

The Influence of Probiotic Lactobacilli on COVID-19 and the Microbiota.

This comprehensive review explores the potential of using lactobacilli as a probiotic in the management of COVID-19. Our findings suggest that lactobacilli show promise in reducing the risk of death, gastrointestinal and overall symptoms, and respiratory failure, as well as in lowering cytokines and inflammatory markers associated with the disease. The molecular mechanisms by which lactobacilli protect against COVID-19 and other viral infections may be related to the reduction in inflammation, modulation of the immune response, and direct interaction with viruses to produce antiviral substances. However, the selected studies demonstrate the presence of mixed findings for various clinical, biochemical, hematological, and immunological parameters, which may be attributed to methodological differences among studies. We highlight the importance of clearly describing randomization processes to minimize bias and caution against small sample sizes and inappropriate statistical tests that could lead to errors. This review offers valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of lactobacilli in the context of COVID-19 and identifies avenues for further research and applications. These findings hold promise for the development of novel approaches to managing COVID-19 and warrant further investigation into the potential benefits of lactobacilli in combating the disease.

Effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, DWP16001, as an add-on therapy to insulin for diabetic dogs: A pilot study.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of anti-hyperglycaemic agents. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and the adjuvant glycaemic control effect of an SGLT2 inhibitor, DWP16001, in diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment. Nineteen diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment (NPH, porcine lente and glargine insulin) were divided into two groups according to dosing frequency: DWP TOD group (n=10) and DWP SID group (n=9). In the DWP TOD group, 0.025mg/kg of DWP16001 was administered once every 3 days, whereas, in the DWP SID group, 0.025mg/kg of DWP16001 was administered once a day. Food intake was maintained during the trial period. Hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis or unexpected life-threatening reactions were assessed as adverse effects before and after DWP16001 administration. We compared insulin requirement reduction and blood glucose level control between two groups. No specific adverse effects were observed during the clinical trial, and haematological parameter remained unchanged. Moreover, the fasting glucose levels and daily insulin dose in the DWP TOD group were lower than the pre-administration values, but not significantly different for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure, fructosamine and insulin dose decreased significantly in the DWP SID group compared to the DWP TOD group at 8 weeks (p<0.05) without affecting food consumption. Among these patients, 10 patients were monitored while receiving DWP16001 for 12 months (DWP TOD group n=5, DWP SID group n=5). The fasting glucose and fructosamine levels and daily insulin dose were reduced in both groups at 12 months compared with those before receiving DWP16001. When DWP16001, an SGLT2 inhibitor, was supplied to dogs with type 1 diabetes, no adverse effects were observed, and it was confirmed that the administered insulin dose can be reduced in controlling blood glucose.

Comparative impact of replacing fish meal with azolla on growth, water quality, and physiology of red tilapia fingerlings at varying salinities.

A 210-day experiment to assess the efficacy of substituting azolla plant powder at levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60% for fish meal on red tilapia fingerlings (RTF, initial weight of 18.23 ± 0.12 g) performance under salinity levels of 5, 18, and 28ppt. Among the various conditions, RTF-fed 20% azolla at 28 and 5ppt salinity showcased the highest specific growth rate (SGR), whereas the lowest SGR was observed in fish-fed 60% azolla at 5ppt salinity. Upon azolla incorporation, noteworthy elevations in phytoplankton, zooplankton, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, NH3, and NO3 were noted and conversely, azolla introduction led to decreased NH4 and NO2 concentrations in all salinity levels. Further, a significant (p < 0.05) interaction between azolla levels and water salinity (S×A) significantly impacted the hematological parameters of RTF. The highest levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total protein (TP) were found in RTF-fed 20% azolla at 28ppt salinity, while the lowest CAT and TP levels occurred in RTF-fed 60% azolla at 5ppt salinity. The highest aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were recorded in the RTF group fed 60% azolla at 5ppt salinity, with the lowest values seen in the group given 20% azolla at 28ppt salinity. RTF fed a 20% azolla diet at 18ppt salinity exhibited the highest lysozyme value, in contrast to the lowest value observed in the RTF group fed the control diet at 18ppt salinity. In conclusion, this study recommends the utilization of azolla at inclusion levels ranging from 20 to 40%, as it has the potential to notably enhance the immune system and elevate the survival rate of RTF.

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE S/D PUNJAB: IMPACT OF HBF AND HYDROXYUREA

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major public health issue worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. SCD SD Punjab is the third most common genotype of SCD in Oman and is associated with several serious complications. The aim of the study is to establish the clinical and laboratory features of SCD patients with SD double heterozygotes and study the impact of haemoglobin F, hydroxyurea, and other modulators on the disease severity. Methods: We analyzed the electronic medical records of 52 consecutive SCD patients who were diagnosed as double heterozygote SD Punjab between 2006 and 2022. The study was approved by the local medical research and ethics committee. The data captured included SCD-related complications and current clinical and laboratory indices. Data from other studies on other SCD genotypes were used as historical controls. Results: 52 patients (31 males, 21 females) who formed this cohort had a median age of 32 years with an interquartile range (IQR) of 21-39.8 years. 37(71.2%) had &lt;3 VOC per year, whereas 15 (28.8%) patients had &gt;3 vasooclusive (VOC) episodes per year. SCD-related complications included Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) (48%), Gall stones (26.9%), Avascular necrosis (AVN) (28.8%), Stroke (13.5%) and splenic sequestration (7.7%), whereas 5 (9.6%) patients of this cohort died. Surgical and Autosplenectomy were seen in 18 (34.6%). These findings were similar to other SCD genotypes in this community.19 (57.6%) were taking Hydroxyurea (HU) amongst the 33 patients who were prescribed HU. Haematological parameters showed a median (IQR) Hb (g/dl), MCV (fl), Retic count (%), WBC count(X109/L) and Platelet count(X109/L) of 9.7 (8.5-11.3), 74.9 (68.4-79.8), 4 (3.2-5.7), 9.9 (8.1-12.6) and 309 (239-428) respectively. The haemoglobin electrophoresis showed an elevated HbF, whereas serum bilirubin and LDH were elevated amongst the biochemical parameters. The use of hydroxyurea showed no impact on VOC, ACS, AVN, Stroke or mortality. Conclusion: SD Punjab is the third most common SCD genotype in Oman and was associated with recurrent VOC, ACS, AVN, and gall stones comparable to other SCD genotypes. Patients with &gt; 3 VOC/year had significantly increased incidence of Stroke, AVN, and gallstones. However, HU was not associated with improved prognosis and better survival in this cohort of patients. Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease; Haemoglobin SD Punjab; vaso-occlusive crises; acute chest syndrome; Avascular Necrosis; HbF; hydroxyurea.

Subacute toxicity of isoliquiritigenin-zein phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles on biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats

Aim: Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a natural flavonoid found in many natural plants, which exhibits numerous pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral activities. However, the low bioavailability and stability of ISL limit its application in clinical practice. To overcome these limitations, ISL-zein phosphatidylcholine hybrid nanoparticles (ISL@ZLH NPs) have been developed to improve the bioavailability and stability of ISL. The present study aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of ISL@ZLH NPs in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The ISL@ZLH NPs were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The acute toxicity was evaluated by administering a single dose of 110 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg of ISL@ZLH NPs extracted in distilled water via oral gavage in rats and mice, respectively. The subacute toxicity was evaluated by administering doses of 27.5 mg/(kg∙day), 55 mg/(kg∙day), and 110 mg/(kg∙day) of ISL@ZLH NPs for 30 days and 90 days. The biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters were analyzed in both studies. Results: In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or significant changes in the biochemical and hematological parameters were observed in both Kunming (KM) mice and SD rats. In the subacute toxicity study, no toxic reactions were observed in both species at all doses tested. Moreover, no significant changes in the biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were observed in both species. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that ISL@ZLH NPs are safe and non-toxic in both KM mice and SD rats. The nanoparticles (NPs) did not induce any adverse effects on the biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters in both acute and subacute toxicity studies. These results indicate that ISL@ZLH NPs are safe for prolonged consumption. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term toxicity and efficacy of these NPs in vivo.

Modulation in serum and hematological parameters as a prognostic indicator of COVID-19 infection in hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and different cardiovascular diseases.

SARS-CoV-2 infection affects and modulates serum as well as hematological parameters. However, whether it modifies these parameters in the existing disease conditions, which help in the erection of specific treatments for the disease, is under investigation. Here, we aimed to determine whether serum and hematological parameters alteration in various diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI) conditions correlate and signal SARS-CoV-2 infection, which could be used as a rapid diagnosis tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection in disease conditions. To assess the projected goals, we collected blood samples of 1,113 male and female patients with solo and multiple disease conditions of DM/HTN/IHD/MI with severe COVID-19, followed by biochemical analysis, including COVID-19 virus detection by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, blood was collected from age-matched disease and healthy individuals 502 and 660 and considered as negative control. In our results, we examined higher levels of serum parameters, including D-dimer, ferritin, hs-CRP, and LDH, as well as hematological parameters, including TLC in sole and multiple diseases (DM/HTN/IHD/MI) conditions compared to the control subjects. Besides, the hematological parameters, including Hb, RBC, and platelet levels, decreased in the patients. In addition, we found declined levels of leukocyte count (%), lymphocyte (%), monocyte (%), and eosinophil (%), and elevated level of neutrophil levels (%) in all the disease patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Besides, NLR and NMR ratios were also statistically significantly (p < 0.05) high in the patients with solo and multiple disease conditions of DM/HTN/IHD/MI infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In conclusion, rapid alteration of sera and hematological parameters are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections, which could help signal COVID-19 in respective disease patients. Moreover, our results may help to improve the clinical management for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 concurrent with respective diseases.

Myo-inositol supplementation in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Assessment of sirtuin-1 pathway, atherogenic and hematological parameters

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease, is closely associated with higher risks of atherosclerosis through a number of molecular cascades such as the sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) pathway. Myo-inositol as a precursor isomer of cyclohexanehexols exerts anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-obesity features in metabolic disorders. The current study aimed to assess the effects of myo-inositol supplementation on genes expression of the SIRT-1 pathway, atherogenic indices, and hematological parameters in obese patients with NAFLD. MethodsThis double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on 44 obese patients with ultrasound proven- NAFLD who received dietary recommendations and were randomly allocated into either myo-inositol (4 g/day) or placebo (maltodextrin 4 g/day) receiving groups for 8 weeks. At baseline and the end of the study mRNA expression levels of SIRT-1 pathway genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), complete blood cell count, lipid profile, and atherogenic indices were assessed. Inter-group differences were determined using analysis of covariance (by adjusting for the potential confounders) at the end of the trial. ResultsAt the end of the trial mRNA expression levels of low-density- lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (only in myo-inositol group) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (in both groups) significantly increased, compared with steady-state levels (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, myo-inositol supplementation significantly inhibited lectin-like oxidized- low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression compared with the placebo group (p = 0.045). Slight improvements in Cholesterol-related atherogenic indices and hematological parameters were also observed in myo-inositol group, compared with baseline values (p < 0.05). ConclusionMyo-inositol supplementation could slightly activate SIRT-1 pathway and thereby exert marginal anti-atherosclerotic properties in obese patients with NAFLD.

Predicting Amputation Rates in Acute Limb Ischemia: Is the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio a Reliable Indicator?

Objective This study aimed to investigate the causes of amputation and the associated biochemical parameters in patients with acute limb ischemia (ALI). Methods Patients who presented to our clinic with ALIbetween January 2012 and January 2022 were deemed eligible for participation. Patients who developed ALI owing to atherosclerosis or atrial fibrillation were included in the study. In contrast, patients who developed ALI owing to trauma, iatrogenic causes, or popliteal artery aneurysms were excluded. Patients' demographic data, biochemical parameters, and hemogram values at the time of admission were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 374 patients were included in the study. Of them, 57.82%(n = 218) were male and 42.18%(n= 156) were female. Amputation was required in 7.95% (n = 30) of the patients after presenting with ALI and receiving necessary surgical or medical intervention. Multivariate analysis revealed the symptom-to-door time to be the primary factor determining the need for amputation in patients. With each passing hour following the manifestation of symptoms, therisk of amputation increased by 1.3 times [odds ratio (OR): 1.289%, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.079-1.540 p = 0.05]. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and other hematological parameters had no effect on amputation in both univariate and multivariate analyses (OR: 1.49%; 95% CI:0.977-2.287 p = 0.512). Conclusions Based on our findings, the main factor affecting the need for amputation in ALI patients was the symptom-to-door time. Biochemical and hematological parameters had no effect on amputation in ALI.