Blood Hematological Parameters Research Articles

Improving nutrient digestibility and health in rabbits: effect of fermented rapeseed meal supplementation on haematological and lipid parameters of blood

BackgroundMany studies conducted on livestock point to fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) as a component that provides adequate quality and quantity of protein. Additionally, it is a very good source of probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, and antioxidants. A study was undertaken to assess the impact of a feed supplemented with FRSM fermented with Bacillus subtilis strain 87Y on production parameters, nutrient digestibility, and haematological and lipid indicators of the blood in growing rabbits. Forty New Zealand White rabbits (body weight 816,25 ± 24,98 g) aged 35 days were used in this study. The animals were divided into four groups, a control group (C) was fed a standard diet, while in the diet of three experimental groups, soybean meal (SBM) was replaced with FRSM at 4% (FR4 group), 8% (FR8 group), or 12% (FR12 group).ResultsDetailed analysis revealed that the contribution of FRSM in the rabbit feed, regardless of the amount, had a significant effect on body weight gain (BWG), as well as average daily gain (ADG), compared to the control group (C), (P = 0.017). All groups receiving FRSM had a significantly lower (P = 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group. In rabbits fed a diet containing 8% FRSM, the blood haematological parameters, such as red blood cells (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HGB), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), were significantly higher compared to the control group (P = 0.037). In addition, a significant reduction in the plasma levels of the low-density lipoprotein fraction (LDL-chol), the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (CHOL/HDL), (P = 0.001), and triacylglycerols (TG), (P = 0.004) were observed in the experimental groups compared to the control group.ConclusionsBased on the encouraging outcomes, it is possible to recommend domestically produced FRSM as a viable substitute for genetically-modified (GM) SBM in rabbit feed.

Evaluation of Praziquantel effectiveness in treating Nile tilapia clinostomid infections and its relationships to fish health and water quality

This study aimed to conduct a multidisciplinary investigation integrating detailed morphology, molecular characterization, water parameters, histopathology alteration, and the trials of treatment of Clinostomum spp. In this study, 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from the farmed and wild Nile River at Al Bahr Al Aazam, Giza Governorate to assess Clinostomid infection prevalence. Fish and water samples were collected from private fish farms, and water drains at Dakahlia, and Giza, Egypt. Analysis of the water revealed inadequate water quality, particularly in the fish farms. Snails and piscivorous birds were abundant at fish collection sites. The recovered Clinostomid MCs morphological characteristics and COI gene sequence analysis identified them as Clinostomum complanatum, C. phalacrocoracis, and Euclinostomum heterostomum. Clinostomid MCs disturbed the fish’s hematological and biochemical blood parameters. Bath treatment of parasitized fish with praziquantel (2 mg/L for 24 h) revealed a significant reduction in the number of vital MCs vs. infected fish (non-treated). Praziquantel (PZQ) is an effective and safe therapy for controlling Clinostomid infections affecting farmed Nile tilapia. The current findings indicate a link between poor environmental conditions and Clinostomum infections in tilapia. The study highlights the impacts of Clinostomid MCs on fish health and recommends bath treatment with PZQ as an efficient control method for these dangerous parasites to protect human and fish health.

Влияние малых доз ионизирующего излучения при облучении in vitro на показатели крови

Abstract. The purpose is the determination of the degree of influence of small absorbed doses of ionizing radiation on biochemical and hematological parameters during irradiation of peripheral blood samples of cattle in vitro. For the work, blood samples were taken from lactating cows kept under the influence of the background absorbed dose in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, followed by in vitro irradiation at doses of 5, 50, 500 mGy. Methods. Peripheral blood was taken from blood vessels from the tail vein into vacuum tubes with a coagulation activator, in vitro irradiation of samples was carried out on an installation equipped with a Cs-137 source, biochemical studies of blood serum were carried out using a PE-5400UF spectrophotometer. Hematological blood parameters were determined according to generally accepted methods. Results. Ionizing radiation in vitro in doses of 5 mGy, 50 mGy and 500 mGy of peripheral blood samples of cattle affects hematological parameters in different directions, which is characterized by wave-like fluctuations in hemoglobin values, a decrease in the content of erythrocytes and a decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It was found that a single irradiation of peripheral blood samples of cows at a dose of 5 mGy reduced the concentration of beta-globulins and creatinine and did not affect the content of total protein and protein fractions. When exposed to ionizing radiation at a dose of 50 mGy, the content of total protein, the level of beta-globulins, creatinine decreased in blood samples, and the content of albumins and alpha-, gamma-globulins did not change. When irradiated at a dose of 500 mGy, the relative content of alpha-globulins, the concentration of ALT and AST decreased, the content of creatinine, total protein, albumins and beta-, gamma-globulins did not change. The stability of alkaline phosphatase, albumins and gamma globulins to ionizing effects at doses of 5 mGy, 50 mGy and 500 mGy has been established. Scientific novelty. The linear dependence of the concentration of alpha-globulins, AST and ALT on the absorbed dose was revealed, the numerical values of the approximation coefficients describing the decrease in concentration and biochemical parameters were determined. The inverse direct linear relationship between creatinine stability and absorbed dose has been established. Practical significance is the established digital values of the approximation coefficients of alpha globulins, AST and ALT can be used in the reconstruction of radiation dose values in the range of 5–50 mGy.

Vitamin E Supplementation to Quail (Coturnix-coturnix Japonica) Treated by Heat Stress: Effects on Blood Hematology Parameters

Heat stress is a major problem in poultry farming. Environmental temperature and humidity greatly in fluence the performance of poultry, especially quails raised in tropical environments. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that has an antioxidant effect. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the blood profile of quails kept under heat stress. This study used 4 treatments of T0 as Control (Commercial Feed + Heat Stress 35 oC); T1 (Control + 100 mg of vitamin E/kg); T2 (Control + 150 mg of vitamin E/kg) and T3 (Control + 200 mg of vitamin E/kg). Observed parameters of leukocytes, heterophylls, lymphocytes and monocytes. The data was analyzed by Analysis of Variant (ANOVA) if there were differences between treatments, followed by the Duncan test. The observation results showed that the addition of vitamin E could increase the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and reduce the number of heterophytes and the H/L ratio of quail blood that experienced heat stroke. Based on the blood profile, the addition of vitamin E as much as 200 mg/kg in feed is able to reduce heat stress due to heat stress in laying quails.

Compressive Optic Neuropathy; Clinical Findings, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

Compressive optic neuropathy (COM) is a type of optic neuropathy characterized by slow and progressive vision loss, usually unilateral, resulting from the intrinsic or extrinsic compression of any part of the optic nerve. This condition may develop because of infectious, inflammatory, vascular, traumatic, and neoplastic factors. In the early diagnosis of the disease, making differential diagnoses correctly; evaluating additional hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory blood parameters; and applying orbital and neuroimaging methods when necessary are critical. In addition, coordination with other branches of science in diagnosing and treating CON is an important step in terms of disease management and the improvement of visual prognosis.

The Effects of Different Treatment Methods on Blood Hematological Parameters İn COVID 19: A Retrospective Look at Patients in Pandemic İntensive Care Unit During The First Wave of the Pandemic

Introduction: In this study, we compared the pre- and post-treatment values of basic hematological parameters in severe COVID 19 patients, whose were received favipiravir, tocilizumab, methylprednisolone and convalescent plasma therapy. Methods: Hematological parameters such as eosinophyl, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count and, neutrophil / lymphocyte, platelet/ lymphocyte ratio were investigated pre and post treatment of favipiravir, tocilizumab convalescent plasma and methylprednisolone in severe COVID 19 patients in ICU. Results: Lymphocyt values were increased after convelescent plasma theraphy and i.v. methyl prednisolon group. Eosinophil count improvement was only in the favipiravir group . We found that favipiravir, convalescent plasma andmethyl prednisolon treatment, were statistically significant increased both NLR and PLR. Conclusion : Hematologic parameters and their contribution of the respond of the treatment and clinical improvement should be taken into account.

Increasing concentrations of low SMCO swedes in the diet of dairy cows improves performance and ruminal metabolism without affecting dairy cow health

This study aimed to determine dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, health-related blood metabolites, and production responses of early-lactation dairy cows fed two inclusion levels (30 and 45 %) of low SMCO swedes in the diet. Twelve pregnant multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (24.1 ± 0.72 kg milk/d, 540 ± 7.3 kg BW, and 142 ± 3.9 DIM at the start of the study) were used in this study. Cows were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments in a replicated 3 ×3 Latin square design. The experiment lasted 63 d and was divided into three 21-d periods. Inclusion of swedes at 30 and 45 % in the diet had no effect on DMI, but increased milk, protein and fat yields, as well as CP concentration in milk. This was due to changes in VFA patterns with greater molar proportions of propionate and butyrate, as well as a greater utilisation of dietary N that was converted to microbial N. No negative effects on haematological and biochemical blood parameters, except for increased BHB concentrations. Fatty acids composition in milk was modified, with a greater proportion of saturated FA and lower n-3 FA. Overall, low SMCO swedes can be included up to 45 % in the diet of pasture fed dairy cows during winter.

Influence of an iron dextran injection in various diseases on hematological blood parameters, including serum ferritin, neonatal dairy calves

BackgroundFeeding milk substitutes with low iron content or whole milk without iron supplementation is considered a major factor in developing iron-deficiency anemia in neonatal dairy calves. Young calves are often supplemented with iron dextran injections on the first day of life to prevent anemia. However, the effects of preventive treatment and the presence of disease on serum iron (Fe) concentrations, serum ferritin levels, and hematological blood parameters during the early neonatal stages have not been examined in detail. Therefore, we examined and evaluated the effects of iron dextran injections and health status on the development of hematocrit (Ht), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), erythrocyte indices (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), Fe, and serum ferritin concentrations in dairy calves within the first 10 days of life. The suitability of serum ferritin as a reliable indicator of anemia in very young calves was evaluated by correlating ferritin concentrations with known laboratory diagnostic parameters of anemia.ResultsIron supplementation significantly increased Fe levels (P = 0.048) but did not affect serum ferritin levels in neonatal calves. Fe concentrations were significantly lower in diseased than healthy calves (P = 0.0417). Iron supplementation significantly affected the health status, as observed in Ht (Ptreat=0.0057; Phealth=0.0097), RBC (Ptreat=0.0342; Phealth=0.0243), and Hb (Ptreat=0.0170; Phealth=0.0168). Serum ferritin levels did not significantly correlate with Fe levels. Both groups showed marked differences in ferritin levels, with the highest levels measured on day 2. Fe concentrations showed weak negative correlations with Hb and Ht levels on day 3 (ρ=-0.45; P = 0.0034 and ρ=-0.045; P = 0.0032, respectively). RBC count showed strong positive correlations with Hb and Ht levels (ρ = 0.91 and ρ = 0.93; P < 0.001).ConclusionIron dextran injections increased Fe concentrations but reduced Ht level, RBC count, and Hb level. The presence of diseases led to a reduction in Fe and higher values of Ht, RBC, and Hb in moderate disease than in severe disease. Due to physiological fluctuations during the first 3 days of life, serum ferritin level seems unuseful for evaluating iron storage before day 4 of life.

Distribution of biochemical and haematological parameters in an aging population from southern India: A cross-sectional analysis.

Examining the distribution of biochemical and haematological tests in different age groups of rural population is necessary to ensure that health care facilities are equipped to address the prevalent health conditions and manage age-related illness effectively. Hence, this study is aimed at seeing the distributions of blood biochemical and haematological parameters in rural population. This cross-sectional study investigated the distribution of 26 different haematological and biochemical parameters in longitudinal cohort study (Srinivaspura Aging, NeuoSenescence and COGnition - SANSCOG), from the villages of Srinivaspura, Kolar district, India. A total of 2592 participants (1240 males and 1352 females), aged ≥45 years who are cognitively healthy were included for the analysis. Mean, 2.5th, 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th and 97.5th percentiles were calculated for the entire sample. Additionally, median and percentiles were determined for both gender and age categories (45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years). We observed the distinct distributions of various haematological and biochemical parameters, with elevated levels of glycaemic, lipid, liver, and thyroid parameters. Findings revealed the notable variations from the established reference ranges, indicating the potential undiagnosed cases and highlighting the gaps in health awareness and health seeking behaviour.

Features of reactions to stress in rats with passive-defense behavior after light desynchronosis and physical activity

An assessment was made of hematological parameters of peripheral blood and structural and functional changes in the adrenal glands in stress-unresistant rats (passive-defensive type of behavior in the open field test) after exposure to light deprivation and physical activity during the spring equinox. The experiment showed that light deprivation for 10 days reduces the total number of leukocytes, the absolute content of monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes and the level of corticosterone in the peripheral blood compared to the intact group, that was on a natural lighting regime. Histological analysis of the adrenal glands of this group showed, that in the zona fasciculata under such conditions there was nuclear hypertrophy, an increase in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of adrenocorticocytes and a decrease in the size of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex of rats in relation to the intact group. Physical activity in the form of forced swimming until complete fatigue for 5 days in a row in natural light in stress-unresistant rats did not change the parameters of the peripheral blood of animals, however it led to an increase in the area of the cytoplasm, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, as well as the formation of hypertrophy of the nuclei of adrenocorticocytes in the fascicle adrenal zones, which indicated the preparation of cells for increased synthetic activity. Keeping rats for 10 days in complete darkness before forced swimming every day for 5 days, on the one hand, formed a hypoxic state and exhaustion of the adrenal glands, on the other hand, stabilized the leukocyte pool of peripheral blood compared to similar indicators in intact rats.

Gambaran Hematologi Darah Pasca Vaksinasi Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) pada Ternak Babi di Kabupaten Kupang

The potential for expanding pig farming, particularly with native pigs, in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province is significant due to the predominant non-Muslim population in NTT who utilise pigs in traditional and religious ceremonies. However, the high number of pigs in Kupang Regency and conventional farming practices can elevate the likelihood of infections like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, known as PRRS. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a significant disease in the pig farming sector. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is highly contagious within pig herds. It can spread through direct contact or contaminated aerosols. Vaccines have been used to limit the disease’s transmission, despite often being considered ineffective. This study analyses the variations in blood haematological parameters before and after PRRS immunisation, including RBC, HGB, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and WBC. Fifteen pigs were included in the sample. Sampling was conducted two times from the same pigs: before PRRS vaccination and one month post-immunization. SPSS was used for the data analysis. A statistical study using SPSS showed no significant difference in blood hematology following the PRRS vaccination.

Impact of Nutritional Tea Polyphenols on Growth, Feed Efficiency, Biochemical Traits, Antioxidant Capacity, Haematological Parameters and Immunity in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

To evaluate the impact of nutritional tea polyphenols (TPs) on body composition, growth, biochemical markers, antioxidant capacity, and hemato-immunological levels, a ten-week feeding experiment was carried out on coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch, 180.51 ± 0.15 g). The control group was fed a basal diet; the T1, T2, T3, and T4 groups were fed 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.04% TPs, respectively. These results demonstrate that adding TPs significantly (p < 0.05) increased the coho salmon fish's weight gain (WG), relative growth rate (RGR), condition factor (CF), feed efficacy (FE), daily growth rate (DGR), and specific growth rate (SGR). There was no discernible difference in the body compositions of the treated TPs and the control group (p > 0.05). In addition, the T3 group showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in GPT, LDL, HDL, TC, and CAT. Fish given a 0.02% diet containing TPs had significantly lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in their liver; yet, the TP-treated groups had higher levels of SOD and CAT than the control (p < 0.05). The data analysis shows a significant rise in lysozyme, respiratory burst activity, bactericidal activity, and blood hematological parameters in the 0.01-0.04% TP groups. According to these findings, TPs could be a useful dietary supplement for raising the antioxidant status, growth parameters, haemato-immunological response, and whole-body composition of coho salmon fish.

Effects of Dietary Lonicera flos and Sucutellaria baicalensis Mixed Extracts Supplementation on Reproductive Performance, Umbilical Cord Blood Parameters, Colostrum Ingredients and Immunoglobulin Contents of Late-Pregnant Sows.

The present study aimed to determine the effects of dietary Lonicera flos and Sucutellaria baicalensis mixed extract (LSE) supplementation during the late-pregnancy period on the reproductive performance, umbilical cord blood hematological parameters, umbilical cord serum biochemical parameters, immune indices, hormone levels, colostrum ingredients, and immunoglobulin contents of sows. A total of 40 hybrid pregnant sows were randomly assigned to the control group (CON; sows fed a basal diet) and LSE group (LSE; sows fed a basal diet supplemented with 500 g/t PE). The results indicated that dietary LSE supplementation significantly increased (p < 0.05) the number of alive and healthy piglets and the litter weight at birth, and significantly increased (p < 0.05) the platelet counts in umbilical cord blood. Dietary LSE supplementation significantly increased (p < 0.05) the levels of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH), and the content of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in umbilical cord serum. Moreover, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the colostrum were increased with PE supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary LSE supplementation in late-pregnancy sows could improve reproductive performance and colostrum quality, and could also regulate the levels of reproductive hormone in umbilical cord serum.

Role of ABO Blood Group and Hematological Parameters in COVID-19 Prediction

Role of ABO Blood Group and Hematological Parameters in COVID-19 Prediction

Hematological Parameters in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its Presentation among Favorable and Unfavorable Treatment Outcomes.

Tuberculosis (TB) management continues to be a challenge globally; weakened immunity plays a significant role in the reactivation of TB. There is limited information on hematological parameters in patients with pulmonary TB and its association with outcome. We present hematological parameters of newly diagnosed sputum-positive pulmonary TB patients enrolled in a randomized, clinical trial that assessed the efficacy and safety of 3 and 4 regimens using moxifloxacin. Blood hematological parameters at baseline, comparison of the baseline and end of treatment values, including the monocytes by lymphocytes ratio (M/L), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (N/L), and platelet lymphocyte ratio (P/L) between the patients with favorable and unfavorable TB treatment outcome, and among different age group and sex presented in this paper. Among the total 1059 patients, 782 were males, the mean hemoglobin (HB) ± standard deviation (SD) was 11.5 g/dL ± 2.0, the mean white blood cell (WBC) count ± SD was 9800 ± 3009 and the mean platelet count (in lakhs) ± SD was 4.24 ± 1.42 cells/uL. There was an increase from baseline in the mean hemoglobin, eosinophil, and lymphocyte count and a decrease in mean neutrophil, monocyte counts to the end of treatment. There was a decrease in baseline mean total WBC count posttreatment, both in favorable (10,271 cells/uL ± 3007 SD to 6689 cells/uL ± 1837 SD, [P ≤ 0.001]), and unfavorable TB outcome patients. An increase in HB, and a decrease in WBC count, M/L, N/L, and P/L ratio is possible at the end of TB treatment and future studies to correlate blood hematology parameters with TB treatment outcome.

Development of technology for functional pectin containing shubat and studying its detoxification properties

The article describes a method for obtaining a traditional shubat from camel milk of the Kazakh Bactrian breed using an active industrial starter culture from a mixture of lactic acid bacteria and provides a scheme for preparing pectincontaining shubat. It was found that due to the addition of liquid apple pectin, there is a significant improvement in physico-chemical, microbiological parameters, and biochemical composition; a significant decrease in the fermentation time and an increase in the shelf life of pectin-containing shubat compared with its traditional counterpart. In experiments on rats with cadmium intoxication, the introduction of 50 g/kg of pectin-containing shubat into the daily diet had a positive effect on hematological and biochemical blood parameters and contributed to improving the general condition of the studied animals, which indicates an increase in the detoxification properties of the resulting type of shubat and allows it to be used as a functional therapeutic and prophylactic product.

Haematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters of New Zealand rabbits housed at different stocking densities

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on oxidative stress, some hematological and biochemical blood parameters in New Zealand rabbits, and to determine the ideal cage area where rabbits can live without being stressed. A total of 36 1–month–old mixed sex New Zealand weaned rabbits were selected for the study. The rabbits were placed in cages at different densities of stocking. Experimental groups were 1 rabbit per cage (C1), 2 rabbits per cage (C2) and 3 rabbits per cage (C3). There was no significant differences between groups in terms of RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophlis, basophlis, AST, ALT, trigliseride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL parameters (P&gt;0.05). C2 group had lower count of PLT comparing C1 and C3 groups. C1 group had the highest value for MCHC (P&lt;0.05). As oxidative stress parameters, there was no significant differences between IMA and TAS parameters (P&gt;0.05). C2 group had the lowest value in terms of SOD (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion C2 group was determined more advantageous in terms of breeding and welfare, since C1 group does not support social needs of the animals and C3 group leads to increased stress levels due to reduced individual space and restricted movement.

Study of the &lt;i&gt;Quercus cortex&lt;/i&gt; extract combined effect with an enzyme supplement on hematological blood parameters and broilers chicken growth

The use of phytobiotics with other feed additives in agriculture may be useful for improving animal health and productivity, but further research is needed, to consider other combinations of feed additive sharing and to determine the recommended dose to increase the productivity of laying hens and broilers. In this regard, the work considers the combined effect of oak (Quercus cortex) bark extract and enzyme additive on hematological blood parameters and growth of broiler chickens. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the absolute increase in chickens of experimental group compared to the control was 10.94%. The level of total protein on day 21 in the BD+E+QC group was increased by 19.16% (p ≤ 0.05), albumin by 18.87% (p≤0.05), urea by 21.05% (p ≤ 0.05), glucose by 25.25% (p ≤ 0.05). On day 42, there was an increase in total protein by 4.01% (p ≤ 0.05), albumin by 8.31% (p≤0.05) and urea by 9.37% (p≤0.05) in the group BD+E+QC compared to BD. Analysis of mineral metabolism showed an increase in magnesium content in the BD+E+QC group by 24.5%, in calcium – 18.6%, and in phosphorus – 22.0%. The use of this diet didn’t have a negative effect on growth, morphological and biochemical blood parameters and contributed to the improvement of many indicators. From the above, it follows that the use of phytobiotics and enzyme additive can lead to a synergistic effect and a beneficial effect on farm animals.

Study on Soil Selenium-Induced Copper Deficiency in Yudong Black Goats.

Due to the degradation of pasture and strict restrictions on grazing ranges in recent years, copper (Cu) deficiency in Yudong black goats has been occurring, mainly manifested as emaciation, anemia, loss of appetite and lack of spirit. To explore the main causes of Cu deficiency in Yudong black goats, 40 black goats (1 year old, 25.11 ± 0.52 kg) were selected for this experiment; among them, 20 Yudong black goats with Cu deficiency from the experimental pasture were used as the experimental group, and 20 healthy Yudong black goats from the control pasture were used as the control group. In the pre-experiment, the mineral contents of the soil, forage, blood, and liver of black goats in both groups were determined, and in formal experiments, blood hematological, biochemical, antioxidant, and hemorheological parameters were analyzed. An experiment on the treatment of Cu deficiency in black goats was also conducted. This study showed that selenium (Se) levels in the soil, forage, blood, and liver from the experimental group were significantly lower than those from the control group (p < 0.01). The content of sulfur (S) in the forage was considerably higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01). The contents of Cu in the blood and liver from the experimental group were significantly lower than that from the control group (p < 0.01), and the content of S was considerably higher than that from the control group (p < 0.01). The blood hematology of the experimental group was affected, as evidenced by a decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The immunity and antioxidant capacity of black goats in the experiment group were impaired to varying degrees, with significant decreases in ceruloplasmin, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and substantial increases in malondialdehyde. In addition, the experimental group showed a decrease in blood viscosity as evidenced by the rise in high shear viscosity, low shear viscosity, erythrocyte rigidity index, erythrocyte aggregation index, and erythrocyte deformation index, and a decrease in plasma viscosity. In the treatment experiment, oral administration of copper sulfate solution was carried out on 10 black goats with Cu deficiency. All the Cu deficiency goats were cured, and the Cu content in their bodies rebounded. In summary, low Se soil caused an increase in S content in the forage, and Yudong black goats feeding on high S forage resulted in a decrease in Cu absorption, which led to a secondary Cu deficiency.

Determination of hematological and biochemical values blood parameters for European bison (Bison bonasus).

Hematological and biochemical blood parameters are important tools for evaluating animals' health. They might be crucial in assessing the health of entire populations of wild animals, such as European bison (Bison bonasus). The aim of this study was to establish hematological and biochemical values for healthy European bison and to determine whether there were significant relations with age and sex. Blood samples were collected from 79 animals and tested according to generally accepted standards and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. Most of the age and gender-related correlations found in our study were predictable based on previous reports. Due to bone growth, juvenile animals have typically higher ALP and P concentrations relative to adults. Several age-related dependencies were surprising, like higher Na concentration in younger European bison. Determination of hematological and biochemical blood parameters of healthy European bison may significantly contribute to the further restitution of this endangered species.