Hematological Parameters Research Articles

Nutritional Evaluation of Complimentary Food Produced from Malted Rice (Oryza sativa), Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) and defatted Sesame Seeds (Sesamum indicum) Flour Blends Using Albino Rats

Complimentary food is any food or drink given to infants in addition to breast milk or formula when breast milk alone is no longer enough to meet their nutritional needs. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional qualities of complementary food produced from malted rice (Oryza sativa), tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) and defatted sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) using Albino Rats. The complimentary foods were produced from varied ratios (100:0:0; 80:15:5;70:25:5; 82.5:10:7.5; 80:10:10 and 77.55:10:12.5 respectively) of malted rice, defatted sesame seed and tiger nut flour with the aim of meeting the energy and protein needs of infants at age 6 to 24 months. The protein quality, serum biochemical and haematological indices of albino rat fed with prepared complimentary foods were determined using standard methods. Ogi and Cerelac were use as the control samples. The data obtained were analysed statistically using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (25.0). The data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the average mean scores separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p<0.05. The protein qualities; PER, NR, BV, NPU and TPU increased from 0.23 to 0.24, 1.48 to 3.00, 66.91 to 80.09, 0.64 to 0.67 and 64.38 to 70.92%, respectively, with increase in the added defatted sesame seed flour (0 to 25%) but deceased with addition of tiger nut flour. The biochemical indices that is the total protein, albumin, ALP, ALT, AST, creatine and urea increased from 6.48 to 7.21 g/dL, 2.30 to 3.30 g/dL, 121.2 to 168.20, 5.30 to 6.20, 27.00 to 55.20, 21.21 to 26.07 and 4.90 to 5.10 µ/L, respectively, with increase in the added defatted sesame seed flour (0 - 25%) but decreased with added tiger nut (0-12.5%). The haematological parameters include WBC, RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC increased from 7.64 to 8.87 x 103mm3, 8.30 to 8.96 x103mm3, 17.70 to 18.37 g/dl, 44.00 to 50.00%, 56.00 to 63.00 fl, 21.70 to 22.50 pg, 30.00 to 33.00 g/dL, respectively, with increase in the added defatted sesame seed flour (0 - 25%) but decreased with added tiger nut flour (0 to 12.5%). The quality of the protein of the produced complementary food is higher than the locally prepared ogi but compared favourably with the commercially produced cerelac

Priapism-related biomarkers in sickle cell disease: a systematic review.

Priapism is a major clinical complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), with severe sexual, reproductive, and mental health impact. There are currently no consensus diagnostic biomarkers for identifying individuals with SCD at risk of priapism before its occurrence. To systematically review the biochemical, hematological, imaging, genetic, and rheological parameters associated with priapism occurrence among individuals with SCD. A systematic literature search for studies investigating the association of biochemical, hematological, rheological, imaging, rheological, and genetic parameters with the occurrence of priapism in individuals with SCD was performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases, using the following terms: "priapism," "sickle cell," "biomarker," "marker," "laboratory," "radiographic," "diagnostic," and "predictive." A systematic review of the identified studies was conducted to describe the landscape of priapism-related biomarkers in individuals with SCD. A total of 358 studies were identified, of which 14 studies were eventually selected for evidence synthesis. The selected studies were published between 2005 and 2023, with authorship spanning five continents. We identified multiple clinical parameters investigated as potential biomarker candidates for their association with priapism occurrence in patients with SCD. We classified these into biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, nitric oxide metabolites, interleukin 6), hematological (hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, leukocyte count), genetic (Klotho, TGFBR3, QAP1, ITGAV, LNC02537, NAALADL2), rheological (red blood cell deformability, aggregation index, augmentation index), and imaging parameters. However, the results were often contradictory and do not support the clinical application of any of the investigated parameters. Several clinical and laboratory parameters have been associated with priapism occurrence in SCD; however, contradictory findings across geographical locations paint an unreliable picture of their clinical utility. Additional studies are needed to generate enough level 1 evidence in support of any of the current candidates.

Role of a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor on growth performance, body composition, reproductive and serum biochemical indices, and intestinal histomorphology in hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.).

Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors like tamoxifen citrate are commonly used in aquaculture for sex reversal, yet their broader impacts on fish growth, body composition, serum biochemistry, and gut histomorphology remain underexplored. This study evaluated the effects of tamoxifen citrate on hybrid red tilapia fry growth, reproductive traits, haematological parameters, biochemical profiles, and reproductive hormone levels.A total of 260 swim-up fry (mean weight 0.06 ± 0.04g) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: TA0 (0mg/kg), TA1 (200mg/kg), TA2 (400mg/kg), and TA3 (600mg/kg), with three replicates of 25 fish each. Fish were fed these diets for 60days, followed by a 90-day recovery phase in outdoor hapas. The results showed that the male percentage increased significantly with tamoxifen inclusion, reaching 96.83% at 600mg/kg (P < 0.05). Oestrogen levels decreased, while 11-ketotestosterone increased proportionally with tamoxifen dosage (P < 0.05). Higher tamoxifen inclusion (600mg/kg) worsened feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) during the treatment phase but improved these parameters during recovery, alongside enhanced weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) (P < 0.05). Higher tamoxifen doses increased hepatosomatic (HSI), viscerosomatic (VSI), and stomach indices while reducing gonadosomatic index (GSI) (P < 0.05). Elevated dosages reduced protein and lipid content but increased moisture levels (P < 0.05). Haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were higher at 200-400mg tamoxifen/kg, while haematocrit declined with higher dosages (P < 0.05). Elevated tamoxifen levels increased AST, ALT, and globulin but decreased ALP, albumin, and cholesterol (P < 0.05). Moderate tamoxifen dosages (200-400mg/kg) are recommended for sustainable sex reversal in hybrid red tilapia, minimising physiological and histological disruptions. High dosages (> 400mg/kg) should be avoided due to haematological stress and immune suppression. Further studies are necessary to assess long-term ecological impacts and aquatic biodiversity.

Acetylcholinesterase activity and hematological parameters in individuals exposed to pesticides in a Brazilian state: a cross-sectional study.

The use of pesticides has become a worldwide concern, and Brazil is one of the countries that release the most pesticides and is affected by them. These chemical substances, when in contact with the human body, can cause health problems such as nephrotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and even cancer. This study investigates how direct and indirect pesticide exposure interferes with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and hematological parameters. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sergipe, Brazil, and included 378 participants. The impact of pesticides on AChE and hematological parameters in individuals exposed to these agents was evaluated. Triazine (TZ) and Organochlorine (OC) classes combination generated the lowest AChE. A lower mean for AChE for individuals directly exposed to pesticides (p < 0.05) was observed. Men and younger individuals tended to have lower levels of AChE, as did individuals who declared themselves black or yellow or did not declare any ethnicity. As for hematological alterations, micronuclei (MN) were detected in 12.2% of farmers and 8.7% of families and neighborhoods. We found that AChE values tended to increase with the number of platelets and red blood cells (RBC). Still, we did not detect any other relationships between AChE and the type of exposure with hematological parameters. These findings contribute to evaluating the impact of pesticide exposure on human health. Thus, it allows us to infer that individuals directly exposed to pesticides tend to have lower levels of AChE, demonstrating the need to monitor these clinical parameters in individuals exposed to these agents and seek to identify the profile of this population.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СКАРМЛИВАНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ МИНЕРАЛЬНОЙ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ НА ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КРОВИ ЯРОК РОМАНОВСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ

The purpose of research is to study the effect of feeding a complex mineral-vitamin supplement on hematological blood parameters and the productivity of the Romanov breed young ewe. Objectives: to determine the deficiency of minerals in basic feed; taking into account the deficiency, complex mineral and vitamin feed supplement, (hereinafter referred to as CMVFS); establish feeding standards and techniques. To conduct scientific and economic experiments at the State Property Committee Yakupov D.N. of Birsk District of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 4 groups of young ewes of Romanov breeds were selected using the method of pair-analogues (by age, live weight) of 10 heads in each (1 control and three experimental). The duration of the experiment was 120 days. Three recipes for the production of CMVFS were developed with the introduction into their composition of local natural zeolite from the Kaltuban deposit of the Republic of Bashkortostan and sapropel, monocalcium phosphate and premix P81-1-89 and feed sulfur. The control group was fed the main diet; the daily norm of CMVFS was fed to the experimental groups as part of a grain mixture once a day. At the end of the experiment, compared with the indicators of the control group, the number of red blood cells in the experimental groups increased by 1.83 %, 6.39 and 10.16 %; leukocytes – by 4.00 %, 12.79 and 15.61 % and hemoglobin – by 3.00 %, 4.25 and 5.21 %. To assess the state of metabolism in the body of experimental animals using the CMVFS, biochemical blood parameters were studied before the experiment and during removal from the experiment. The additional introduction of CMVFS, which contains natural zeolite and sapropel in various proportions, into the diet of the animals, had a positive effect to varying degrees on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood, contributed to the improvement of the clinical condition of the animals, and also had a stimulating effect on protein and carbohydrate metabolism, hematopoietic functions organs and heart. All this creates the prerequisites for increasing animal productivity.

Impact of Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptives on Haematological and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Highly Trained Female Athletes.

Haematological and inflammatory biomarkers play an important role in athlete performance and health, with some of them used in the fight against doping. However, little is known about how they are modulated by sex hormone fluctuations in highly trained female athletes. We therefore measured the haematological parameters monitored in the athlete biological passport (ABP) as well as erythropoietin, serum markers of iron and inflammatory statuses (iron, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation, albumin, creatinine, total protein, interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha) in 20 highly trained female athletes: 10 with normal menstrual cycle (NMC) during the early follicular and mid-luteal phases and 10 using a combined oral contraceptive (COC, i.e., ethinyloestradiol and levonorgestrel) during active and inactive hormone intake. Body composition, leptin and lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) were determined in parallel. No changes were observed throughout NMC phases. Irrespective of active/inactive pill intake, COC use increased transferrin, triglycerides as well as reticulocyte count (p < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-6 (p < 0.05), with no significant changes in the other parameters studied. In conclusion, given our results across NMC phases in highly trained athletes, it seems warranted to investigate whether intense physical training would mitigate the impact of endogenous sex hormones on body composition and haematological and inflammatory parameters. In addition, further studies are needed to determine the extent of the changes induced by COCs on these blood biomarkers in elite female athletes when subjected to extreme environments such as intensive training or competition in humid heat, cold and/or hypoxia or when using other medications in parallel.

Predictive Value of Quantitative CRP Levels as a Marker of Nosocomial Neonatal Sepsis: Outcome of an Observational Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Nosocomial infection (NI) is a serious health concern primarily for premature neonates and for term babies with illnesses requiring continued hospitalisation. Early diagnosis of NI using biomarkers is central to decreased neonatal mortality and morbidity. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a marker of NI. Sixty-four neonates, suspected of sepsis, admitted to the Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology with a negative workup for sepsis on their first day of admission were investigated for various haematological parameters, blood culture positivity, and CRP levels. The patients were then stratified into culture-positive and culture-negative groups. All the parameters analysed were compared between these 2 groups, and ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the value of CRP in predicting positive blood culture in NI. NI was seen in a total of 70.31% (n=45) neonates based on blood culture-positive status. Compared to females, a greater number of male neonates were culture-positive (60% vs 40%). The mean birth-weight of the culture-positive group was significantly lower than the negative group (P =0.03). The mean CRP levels were elevated in the positive group (98.5±47.8) when compared to the negative group (32.2±24.1; P < .001). Using the ROC curve,a cut-off value (45.05 mg/L) of CRP had sensitivity and specificity of 80.0% and 73.7% respectively in predicting blood culture-positive NI. Serum CRP is a sensitive marker to diagnose NI in admitted neonates. CRP levels can aid in the diagnosis of clinical deterioration, and a treating physician can modify the regimen based on elevated CRP levels.

Association of Altered Baseline Hematological Parameters with Adverse Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment monitoring is an essential tool for effective TB treatment management. Identifying parameters that predict adverse TB treatment outcomes could significantly improve clinical management. The association of hematological parameters with poor TB treatment outcomes is not well defined. To study the relationship of hematological parameters with TB treatment outcomes, we examined data from pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients with successful (controls) and unsuccessful (cases) treatment outcomes. We enrolled 68 cases and 133 controls through a nested 1:2 case–control study, matching for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes status, alcohol and smoking. Hematological profiling showed significant difference in the absolute counts of white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes between cases and controls. In addition, increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NL) ratio and monocyte to lymphocyte (ML) ratio were present in cases in comparison to controls. Similarly, decreased hematocrit and red blood cell counts were detected in cases when compared with controls. Univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association of absolute counts of WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, NL and ML ratios with poor treatment outcomes. The altered baseline hematological parameters are clearly associated with the poor TB treatment outcomes, showing potential for clinical prediction to enhance management of at-risk cases.

The external validity of machine learning-based prediction scores from hematological parameters of COVID-19: A study using hospital records from Brazil, Italy, and Western Europe.

The unprecedented worldwide pandemic caused by COVID-19 has motivated several research groups to develop machine-learning based approaches that aim to automate the diagnosis or screening of COVID-19, in large-scale. The gold standard for COVID-19 detection, quantitative-Real-Time-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (qRT-PCR), is expensive and time-consuming. Alternatively, haematology-based detections were fast and near-accurate, although those were less explored. The external-validity of the haematology-based COVID-19-predictions on diverse populations are yet to be fully investigated. Here we report external-validity of machine learning-based prediction scores from haematological parameters recorded in different hospitals of Brazil, Italy, and Western Europe (raw sample size, 195554). The XGBoost classifier performed consistently better (out of seven ML classifiers) on all the datasets. The working models include a set of either four or fourteen haematological parameters. The internal performances of the XGBoost models (AUC scores range from 84% to 97%) were superior to ML models reported in the literature for some of these datasets (AUC scores range from 84% to 87%). The meta-validation on the external performances revealed the reliability of the performance (AUC score 86%) along with good accuracy of the probabilistic prediction (Brier score 14%), particularly when the model was trained and tested on fourteen haematological parameters from the same country (Brazil). The external performance was reduced when the model was trained on datasets from Italy and tested on Brazil (AUC score 69%) and Western Europe (AUC score 65%); presumably affected by factors, like, ethnicity, phenotype, immunity, reference ranges, across the populations. The state-of-the-art in the present study is the development of a COVID-19 prediction tool that is reliable and parsimonious, using a fewer number of hematological features, in comparison to the earlier study with meta-validation, based on sufficient sample size (n = 195554). Thus, current models can be applied at other demographic locations, preferably, with prior training of the model on the same population. Availability: https://covipred.bits-hyderabad.ac.in/home; https://github.com/debashreebanerjee/CoviPred.

Safety and Digestibility of a Novel Ingredient, Brewed Lamb Protein, in Healthy Adult Dogs

Protein production through precision fermentation is an attractive option to reduce animal use in food production. This study focused on the safety and digestibility of food containing a test ingredient, brewed lamb protein (Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a lamb protein), at inclusion levels of 0% (control), 15%, 30%, or 40% were evaluated over 182 days in 40 dogs. No significant differences in body weight, body condition score, body composition, physical examination, food intake, or urinary parameters were observed among groups. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were within reference ranges and were largely similar among groups. Levels of chloride, cholesterol, and homocysteine were significantly lower at some time points in dogs fed the test ingredient foods compared with the control food, but all remained within reference ranges. Whole blood taurine levels indicated no deficiency. Alanine aminotransferase levels were above the normal range at Day 177 in dogs in the control and 15% test ingredient groups. Fecal score was slightly decreased in dogs fed the 30% or 40% test ingredient foods, and fecal pH was decreased in dogs fed any of the test ingredient foods. Digestibility of most parameters was similar among foods, but apparent fat digestibility was significantly lower in foods with the test ingredient. Overall, these results indicate that the test ingredient is safe for use in dog food.

Clinical management of Psoriasis (Eka Kushtha) through Ayurvedic interventions: A case study highlighting the efficacy of Shila Sindura and Integrative Therapies

Background: Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune condition, manifests as erythemato-squamous lesions with significant physical and psychological distress. In Ayurveda, psoriasis can be correlated with Eka Kushtha, primarily caused by vitiated Vata and Kapha Doshas. This case study evaluates the efficacy of an Ayurvedic intervention comprising Shila Sindura, Bakuchi Rasayana, and adjunct therapies in the management of Eka Kushtha (psoriasis). Case Presentation: A 20-year-old male presented with an 8-year history of extensive red and white scaly plaques affecting his feet, knees, hands, elbows, and upper back. Symptoms included severe itching, burning sensations, and joint stiffness. Despite prior treatments, recurrence persisted. Clinical assessment using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) revealed a baseline score of 26.4. Treatment Protocol: The patient underwent a one-month Ayurvedic regimen consisting of Shila Sindura (250 mg BD), Bakuchi Rasayana (750 mg BD), and Avipattikara Churna (3 g BD). External applications included Gandhaka Malahara and Jatyadi Taila. Dietary modifications and lifestyle adjustments were emphasized to complement treatment. Out Comes: Follow-up assessments demonstrated significant clinical improvement, with the PASI score decreasing from 26.4 to 1.0 after two months. Marked reductions in erythema, scaling, and plaque thickness were observed across all body regions. Hematological and biochemical parameters remained stable, with minor fluctuations in renal and hepatic markers, warranting continued monitoring. Conclusion: This case study highlights the potential of Ayurvedic management for psoriasis, emphasizing systemic detoxification, dosha balancing, and localized care. Future controlled clinical trials are recommended to validate these findings and further explore the mechanisms of action.

Evaluation of Hematological Parameters Pre and Post Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients at the National Cancer Institute in Sudan at Khartoum state, Sudan

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide, including in Sudan. Chemotherapy, a primary treatment modality, often results in hematological toxicity, impacting patients' overall health and treatment efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the changes in hematological parameters in breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy in the Sudanese population. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted at the National Cancer Institute in Sudan at Khartoum state, Sudan. During the period of June 2022 to December 2022. A total of one hundred (N=100) female breast cancer patients scheduled for chemotherapy were enrolled.50 sample before initiation chemotherapy, and fifty (50) samples after first cycle of chemotherapy from same patients. And fifty (50) samples from the healthy individuals as control group. Venous blood was obtained, then CBC determined using hematology analyzer (Sysmex: XP-300). Hematological parameters, including Red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) count, and platelet count, and differential counts, were measured before the initiation of chemotherapy and after the completion of the first cycle. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to determine the significance of changes in these parameters. Results: Significant reductions were observed in RBC levels (mean pre-chemotherapy: (3.8± 1.1) g/dL, mean post-chemotherapy: (2.1± 1.1); p&lt;0.001) and WBC counts (mean pre-chemotherapy: 13.9 ± 1.9 x 10^3/μL, mean post-chemotherapy: 4.1 ± 1.9 x 10^3/μL; p&lt;0.001). Platelet counts also decreased significantly (mean pre-chemotherapy: 661.8 ± 128.5 x 10^3/μL, mean post-chemotherapy: 182.4 ± 125.5 x 10^3/μL; p&lt;0.01). Breast cancer patients before initiation the first cycle of chemotherapy show significant low in RBCs count (3.8 ± 1.1) when compared with control group (4.8 ± 0.4) (p = 0.000). Also, significant high in WBCS count (13.9 ± 1.9) when compared with control group (5.9 ± 1.3) (p = 0.000) and high PLTs count (661.8 ± 128.5) when compared with control group (262.7 ± 73.4) (p =0.000). And decrease in three parameters (pancytopenia) RBCs, WBCS, and PLTs count (2.7 ± 0.7) (4.1 ± 2.3) (182.4 ± 102.4) respectively when compared with control group (4.8 ± 0.4) (5.9 ± 1.3) (262.7 ± 73.4) (p =0.000) to all, when start the first cycle of chemotherapy. Conclusion: Chemotherapy in breast cancer patients leads to significant hematological changes, predominantly anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. These findings underscore the need for close monitoring of hematological parameters during chemotherapy to manage potential toxicities and optimize treatment outcomes for breast cancer patients in Sudan.

Effect of propolis supplementation on cadmium toxicity associated with renal and hepatic dysfunction in rats.

Cadmium (Cd), one of the toxic heavy metals, is of great importance for public health due to its use in many industrial areas. Propolis is a natural product with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties collected from plants by honey bees. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of propolis against the potential toxic effects of cadmium chloride in blood, liver and kidney tissues. For this purpose, rats were divided into four groups. Control group, propolis (150 mg/kg b.w.) treated group, cadmium chloride (1.76 mg/kg b.w. 1/50 LD50) treated group and cadmium chloride plus propolis (1.76 mg/kg b.w. and 150 mg/kg b.w. respectively) treated group. The substances were given to rats by gavage for 28 days. After 28 days of treatment, a statistically significant change was observed in serum biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, BUN, LDH, urea, uric acid and creatinine, hematological parameters such as erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine levels of cadmium chloride treated rats compared to the control group. In addition, significant changes were observed in mRNA expression levels of Casp-3, p53 and Tnf-α genes, HSP70, HSP90 and GRP78 protein levels and histopathological/immunohistochemical examinations. Improvement in biochemical and hematologic parameters, cytokines, mRNA expression, heat shock proteins and immunohistochemistry changes were observed in cadmium plus propolis treated group compared to cadmium treated group.

Induction of erythropoietin by dietary medium-chain triacylglycerol in humans.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is pivotal in regulating red blood cell (erythrocyte) concentrations and is primarily synthesized in the kidney. Recent research has unveiled a possible link between elevated circulating concentrations of ketone bodies (KB) and circulating EPO concentrations; however, it is not known whether nutritionally induced endogenous ketogenesis can be a stimulus to induce EPO in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether acute and chronic intake of medium-chain fatty acid-containing triacylglycerol (MCT), which rapidly enhances endogenous circulating KB, would elevate circulating EPO concentrations in humans, as indicated by prior work with exogenous KB administration. The study followed a crossover design involving 16 young men undergoing two 8-day MCT or energy-matched long-chain fatty acid-containing triacylglycerol (LCT) interventions in a randomized order. Five-hour test days were performed before and after each intervention, in which circulating KB and EPO concentrations as well as hematological parameters were assessed. Acute intake of MCT yielded a 222% sustained 5-h elevation in KB concentrations compared with LCT-with notable peak values of 0.7 ± 0.1 mmol·L-1 (312% above basal values). Remarkably, within just 8 days of daily MCT intake an impressive 38% increase in basal, fasting plasma EPO concentrations (7.19 ± 1.14 to 9.91 ± 1.25 mIU·mL-1) was demonstrated. In conclusion, this study unveils a novel physiological stimulus of circulating EPO concentrations in humans, potentially offering a new dietary approach to counter anemia in cardiovascular diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to assess the effects of nutritionally induced ketogenesis by acute and subchronic intake of medium-chain fatty acids on plasma erythropoietin concentrations. Medium-chain fatty acid intake increases postprandial ketone body concentrations and within only 8 days of daily intake substantially enhances basal plasma erythropoietin concentrations in young men. We therefore reveal a dietary stimulus of endogenous circulating erythropoietin concentrations in humans, with the potential to counter anemia in cardiovascular diseases.

Evaluation of Complete Blood Parameters and Inflammation Markers in Spontaneous Preterm Labor.

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammatory markers, derived from complete blood count (CBC) parameters, and spontaneous preterm labor. By comparing these markers between preterm and term pregnancies, the study seeks to determine their potential predictive value for adverse neonatal outcomes, including birth weight, APGAR (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration) scores, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. This study evaluated inflammatory markers in 478 women with spontaneous preterm labor and a gestational age-matched control group. Blood samples were collected prior to the onset of labor to assess CBC parameters (white blood cells [WBC], red blood cells [RBC], neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelet counts), as well as various inflammatory ratios, such as the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). Neonatal outcomes, such as birth weight, APGAR scores, and NICU admission, were recorded. The preterm group showed significantly higher WBC, RBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts compared to the control group. MLR, MPR, and MPVLR were notably lower in the preterm group. However, these hematological parameters and inflammatory markers demonstrated limited predictive value for adverse neonatal outcomes, with area under the curve (AUC) values hovering around 0.5. WBC, RBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelet counts, along with inflammatory markers such as MLR, MPR, and MPVLR differ between preterm and term groups and can be derived from a simple CBC test. However, their predictive value for adverse neonatal outcomes remains limited.

Dietary organic acid blend modulates hemato-immunological parameters, digestive and reproductive performances in red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus) broodstock.

This study evaluated the effects of dietary organic acid (OA) blend on hemato-immunological responses, reproduction capacity, gene expression, and histological features of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus) broodstock. Four diets were formulated, containing 0 (control), 2, 3, and 4g OAs kg-1. The diets were fed to triplicate groups (n = 3) of red tilapia broodstock (75 ± 5.56g( (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) stocked in 10-m3 concrete tanks at a male to female ratio of 1:3, to satiation, twice a day, for 8weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish in each tank were collected, counted, and weighed. Blood samples were collected from five fish from each tank and used for the determination of hematological and biochemical parameters. The fish were then dissected to study the reproductive performance and reproduction-related genes. The red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV%), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and lysozyme activity were significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary OAs to 4gkg-1. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), white blood cells (WBCs), total protein, albumin, and globulin), and digestive enzyme activity values leveled off or slightly decreased (P > 0.05) at OA levels above 3gkg-1. Optimum liver enzyme activity was obtained at 2gkg-1 OA. The reproductive hormones: testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (Prog), organo-somatic index (GSI), reproductive performance, and the expression of reproductive genes (vasa, nanos1a, nanos2, dnd1, pum1, amh, and VTG) exhibited dose-dependent responses (P < 0.05), suggesting that 4g OA kg-1 boosted the optimum reproductive performance. In conclusion, about 2-3g OA kg-1 diet can improve the hemato-biochemical parameters, immune response, antioxidant status, and digestive enzyme activity in red tilapia broodstock, whereas 4gkg-1 could accelerate their reproductive performance through upregulation of reproductive genes.

Impact of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on growth, reproductive performance, and oxidative stress in dexamethasone-stressed Japanese quail cocks: Vitamin E & selenium in stressed quail cocks.

This study investigated the effects of dietary vitamin E (VE) and selenium (Se) supplementation on body weight changes, blood profile, and semen quality in Dexamethasone (DEX)-stressed Japanese quails. One hundred and five 10-week-old quail cocks were acclimated and divided into five treatment groups: negative control - G1, DEX-treated (20 mgL-1 of drinking water) - G2, DEX + VE (180 mg kg diet-1) - G3; DEX + Se (0.3 mg kg diet-1) - G4; and DEX + VE (180 mg kg diet-1) + Se (0.3 mg kg diet-1) - G5. The birds received their respective treatments over 21 days, and various performance, hematological, and semen quality parameters were measured. Results indicated that DEX treatment significantly reduced weight gain (WG) and feed intake (P < 0.05). Supplementation with VE and Se, individually and combined, ameliorated these effects, with groups G3, G4, and G5 showing similar WG to the control. Hematological analysis revealed significant increases (P < 0.05) in packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and white blood cell count in DEX-treated groups compared to G1. Treatment did not affect blood glucose and cholesterol levels (P ≥ 0.05). Plasma antioxidant assays showed elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase functions and reduced malondialdehyde levels in G3, G4, and G5 compared to G2, indicating reduced oxidative stress. No marked differences were seen in the plasma glutathione peroxidase activities across groups. Sperm motility was impaired in the DEX-only group but improved (P < 0.05) with antioxidant supplementation. In conclusion, dietary VE and Se effectively mitigated the negative impacts of DEX-induced stress on growth, antioxidant status, and spermatozoa motility in Japanese quail cocks. VE and Se supplementation could be beneficial in enhancing the welfare and productivity of poultry under stress.

The potential effects of corn cob biochar on mitigating pendimethalin-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Effects on hematological, biochemical, antioxidant-immune parameters, and histopathological alterations.

This study aims to examine the restorative impact of corn cob biochar (CCB) on pendimethalin (PMD)-induced toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were divided into four groups: the first control group without treatment, the second group (CCB) exposed to 10 g CCB/L, the third group (PDM) exposed to 0.355 mg PDM/L, and the fourth group (PDM+ CCB) receiving both 0.355 mg PDM/L and 10 g CCB/L for 30 days. PDM exposure resulted in behavioral alterations, low survival rate (73.33 %), hematological and biochemical impairments, increased oxidative stress, suppressed immunity, and histopathological damage in gill, liver, and brain tissues. Co-treatment with CCB significantly alleviated these effects, as evidenced by improved survival rate (88.88 %), hematological, biochemical, and antioxidant-immune parameters and reduced histopathological alterations. In conclusion, CCB demonstrated a promising potential to mitigate PDM-induced toxicity in O. niloticus by enhancing physiological, biochemical, and histological resilience.

Molecular detection and occurrence of contagious ecthyma in goat.

Contagious ecthyma or Orf is a common, contagious and zoonotic disease of small ruminants caused by orf virus. The present research was conducted to study the occurrence of Orf in goats in and around Parbhani district. Overall occurrence of Orf in goats was recorded 38.83% on the basis of PCR results. The higher occurrence of Orf recorded in the kids below 4 months of age, male, poor health status and non-descript goats. The clinical signs observed in Contagious Ecthyma affected goats were pyrexia, severe proliferative ulcerated cauliflower-like lesions around lips and scabby lesions were observed on the lips, muzzles, mucocutaneous junctions, nostrils, ear, inner aspect of thigh and gums. The hematological parameters revealed erythrocytopenia, anemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphopenia. For molecular confirmation, DNA extraction of all scab samples collected from suspected goats and showed amplification of partial B2L gene at 592 bp by PCR. Analysis of DNA sequence revealed that three Parbhani sequences were positive for CEV. The obtained 3 sequences of orf virus got accession numbers PP235095, PP235096 and PP235097 were closely related with each other and with other strains obtained from GenBank for the Parbhani district, Maharashtra and strains of other states of India mainly with Meghalaya, Assam and Goa.

Impact of Bambusa vulgaris-supplemented diet on Nile tilapia challenged with Pseudomonas putida: Hematological, immune, and oxidative responses.

This study investigated the effects of bamboo shoot extract (Bambusa vulgaris) as a feed additive on the health profiles and infection resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Pseudomonas putida. Bamboo shoot extract was added at levels of 0g, 40g, and 60g per 1000g of diet over a 60-day period. The fish were then challenged with a pathogenic P. putida strain. Chemical analysis of the bamboo shoot extract identified 3,5-dinitrophenol and hydroquinone as the two most abundant compounds. Results showed that fish fed bamboo-enriched diets exhibited significantly enhanced levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells, and platelets, and improved erythrocyte cellular and nuclear morphologies, indicating improved health profiles after the challenge. Liver function indicators, including AST, ALT, and ALP, were notably balanced in fish receiving bamboo shoot extract post-challenge (p<0.05). Blood levels of K+ were lower in the bamboo-fed groups. Additionally, blood levels of Ca++ and Na+ were reduced in fish fed 40g and 60g of bamboo, respectively, compared to the control group (p<0.01). The bamboo extract also enhanced immune and oxidative capacities, as demonstrated by increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme activity, and phagocytic activity, along with reduced malondialdehyde levels and elevated serum immunoglobulin M (p<0.01). Gene expression analysis revealed significant effects of Bambusa vulgaris extract, Pseudomonas infection, and their interaction on the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, and NK-lysin genes, with varying expression levels at 1, 3, and 7 days post-challenge (p<0.05). The liver bacterial load in fish exposed to P. putida significantly decreased in the bamboo-fed groups, with the lowest count observed in the 60g bamboo group. Additionally, survival rates were markedly higher in the bamboo-fed groups compared to the control, with no significant difference between the two bamboo-fed groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with bamboo shoot extract enhances hematological parameters, blood cell and nuclear morphology, and increases survival rates in Nile tilapia following infection.