Hematological Parameters Research Articles

Recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: A systematic review.

Treatment options for severe, refractory iron deficiency anemia are limited in pregnancy. To review the available literature on the use of recombinant erythropoietin in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. An electronic search of seven databases from inception to March 2022 was performed using a combination of keywords. We included all randomized controlled or observational studies of pregnant patients with iron deficiency anemia who received recombinant erythropoietin or control. The primary outcome was a change in hematologic parameters (hemoglobin or hematocrit) after treatment. Studies were appraised using the criteria outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data were summarized using narrative synthesis and descriptive statistics as appropriate. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022313328. Of 234 studies screened, five studies met the inclusion criteria and had sufficient data for analysis (n = 103 recombinant erythropoietin and n = 104 controls). All patients in the intervention group received iron supplementation (intravenous or oral) in addition to recombinant erythropoietin. All patients in the control group received iron supplementation (intravenous or oral) alone. As the result of variance between studies in inclusion criteria, the timing of repeat blood draws, and data reporting, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Three studies found that serial recombinant erythropoietin combined with iron supplementation was more effective at raising hematologic laboratory parameters (hemoglobin or hematocrit) than iron alone. One study reported no difference in hemoglobin or hematocrit levels between groups at day 28. However, patients in this study only received one dose of recombinant erythropoietin, whereas those in the other studies received serial doses. Another study also found no difference in hemoglobin levels by day 28, but patients in the recombinant erythropoietin group had lower hemoglobin levels at baseline and a more rapid rise in hemoglobin than iron alone. This is demonstrated by a more significant rise in hemoglobin at day 11 in the recombinant erythropoietin group than in the control group. Serial recombinant erythropoietin administration and iron supplementation may be more effective at treating refractory iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy than iron supplementation alone.

Defining blood hematology reference values in female pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) using the Isolation Forest algorithm.

Pig-tailed macaques (PTMs) are commonly used as preclinical models to assess antiretroviral drugs for HIV prevention research. Drug toxicities and disease pathologies are often preceded by changes in blood hematology. To better assess the safety profile of pharmaceuticals, we defined normal ranges of hematological values in PTMs using an Isolation Forest (iForest) algorithm. Eighteen female PTMs were evaluated. Blood was collected 1-24 times per animal for a total of 159 samples. Complete blood counts were performed, and iForest was used to analyze the hematology data to detect outliers. Median, IQR, and ranges were calculated for 13 hematology parameters. From all samples, 22 outliers were detected. These outliers were excluded from the reference index. Using iForest, we defined a normal range for hematology parameters in female PTMs. This reference index can be a valuable tool for future studies evaluating drug toxicities in PTMs.

Effects of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal in acute pulmonary pathophysiology in a rat model of smoke-induced lung injury and role of IRS-1 and SOX-2

The respiratory structure has a broad capacity to undergo the mechanism of regeneration. The recent study was intended to determine the efficacy of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and expression levels of IRS-1 and SOX-2 genes in the smoke-induced Pulmonary Injury. The present study included 3 groups (n = 9): Normal/negative control (NC), positive control/disease control (PC), and treatment group (TG; treated orally with 350 mg/kg of ethanol extract). Lung injury was induced in PC and TG groups in rats by cigarette smoke (4 CG/day). Decapitation (n = 3) was done on the 14th, 18th, and 21st day of treatment. Phenolic acid quantification by HPLC-UV/VIS showed a significant concentration of p-coumaric acid (130.2 mg/kg) that may also contribute to the extract's efficacy. Hematological parameters (leukocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and serum oxidative parameters (total oxidant status and malondialdehyde) were significantly improved (P ≤ 0.05) in the TG compared to the PC group. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity, total plasma protein, albumin, globulin, and platelet count significantly decreased in the PC while increasing in the treatment group (P ≤ 0.05). Histology showed damaged histological structures in the PC group, while there was obvious regeneration of architectural damage in the TG group. The IRS-1 and SOX-2 genes were up-regulated in the PC group, indicating the role of IRS-1 and SOX-2 gene expression in tissue homeostasis and regeneration in smoke-induced Pulmonary Injury. These results rationalize the traditional use of W. somnifera in pulmonary diseases and encourage further studies to exploit it in the pharmaceutical industry.

Replacing Inorganic Source of Zinc with Zinc Hydroxy Chloride: Effects on Health Status, Hemato-biochemical Attributes, Antioxidant Status, and Immune Responses in Pre-ruminant Crossbred Calves.

The current research aimed to assess the feasibility of using Zn hydroxy chloride (ZnOHCl) as an alternative to ZnSO4 in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Twenty-four male crossbred calves (Tharparkar × Holstein Friesian) were categorized into four groups according to body weight and age (body weight 31kg; age 10days). Experimental calves were kept on a similar feeding regimen except that different groups were supplemented with either 0mg Zn/kg DMI (Zn-0), 80mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnSO4 (ZnS-80), 40mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnOHCl (ZnH-40), or 80mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnOHCl (ZnH-80). All the calves were fed for 90days as per ICAR (2013) feeding standard to fulfill their nutrient requirements for growth rate of500g/day. The study observed the influence of different sources and varying levels of Zn supplementation over a 90-day experimental period on health status, hemato-biochemical attributes, antioxidant status, immune responses, and plasma minerals and erythrocyte Zn concentrations. The data was examined using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with fixed effects of treatment, period, and their interaction. The results indicated that irrespective of the sources and levels of Zn, supplementation did not lead to significant changes in health status as assessed by fecal score, nasal score, ear score, and eye score. Hematological parameters remained unchanged following supplementation with different sources and levels of Zn. Zn-supplemented groups showed higher levels of total protein, globulin, and alkaline phosphates (ALP) compared to the non-supplemented group. However, no significant variations were detected within the Zn-supplemented groups. Zinc supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzyme activity, total immunoglobulin (Ig), immunoglobulin G (IgG), cell-mediated immunity (CMI), and humoral immunity (HI); however, no significant variations were detected among Zn-supplemented groups. Zn supplementation enhanced plasma and RBC Zn concentration without affecting the plasma concentration of other minerals. However, among the Zn-supplemented groups, 80mg Zn/kg DMI as ZnOHCl resulted in the highest RBC Zn concentration. The study results demonstrate that Zn supplementation enhanced biomarkers of zinc status, antioxidant levels, and immune responses in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Nevertheless, no significant variations were observed between the different Zn sources (ZnSO4 and ZnOHCl) utilized in this study. Research suggests that ZnOHCl could be a feasible alternative to ZnSO4 in the diet of pre-ruminant crossbred calves.

The synergistic effects of dietary protein and stocking density on performance, digestive enzymes, and hemato-biochemistry parameters of juvenile striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

This experiment was designed to examine the impacts of different dietary protein levels (DPLs) and their interaction on the growth and some physiological indices of juvenile striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, reared at different stocking densities (SDs) for 15 weeks. A total of 1440 striped catfish (initial weight = 10.0 ± 2.2 g) were randomly allocated into six equal treated groups (three replicates per treated group). Fish were fed two DPLs of 25 % and 30 % and reared under different SDs of 20, 40, and 60 fish/m3. The obtained results indicated that with increasing DPL, growth parameters, and digestive enzyme activities, the liver function enzyme activities, serum protein constituents' levels, and concentrations of thyroid hormones significantly increased, while levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides remarkably decreased. On the other hand, increasing SD negatively affects growth, digestive and liver enzyme activities, some hematological parameters, and fish-body chemical analysis. The interaction between DPLs and different SDs significantly improved the most estimated parameters with increasing DPLs despite intensifying SDs. In general, afforded striped catfish diets containing 30 % DPL and stocked at 20 fish/m3 presented the best performance, consumed feed efficiency, and health status. Thus, the interaction between DPLs and SDs demonstrated the favorable benefits of increasing DPLs by diminishing some of the adverse impacts generated by high SDs, which may subsequently lead to high production and increased revenues for fish farmers.

BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DIETARY WEIGHT LOSS SUPPLEMENT ON FEMALE RATS: ADIOS

Herbal and dietary supplements are commonly used throughout the world; these unlicensed supplements are not recommended due to concerns about their clinical efficacy and safety. Adios are marketed for weight loss in Iraq and many other countries and are commonly used by women. The safety of these weight loss aids is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate adios adverse effects by conducting biochemical, hematological, and histological examinations on the liver and kidney. Rats were orally administrated for 30 days with different concentrations of adios supplements (0.001g/100g), (0.002g/100g), and (0.003g/100g) as low (LD) medium (MD) and high (HD) concentrations, respectively. The results showed no weight loss in rats over 30 days across experiments in all the treated groups (LD, MD, and HD) compared to the control. Adios showed significant differences between the control and the treated concentrations in the following hematological parameters: white blood cells (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte (LYM), and red cell distribution width (RDW) in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, there were various alteration in the histopathological examination of the kidney and liver. From the current data, it can be concluded that adios has zero efficacy in weight loss and is not recommended for use because it has adverse effects on many hematological and biochemical parameters and with obvious pathological changes in both the kidney and liver.

Dietary intake of processed meats with fermented foods: effects on carcinoembryonic antigen, hematological parameters, and gut microbiota of adult and elderly mouse models

Dietary intake of processed meats with fermented foods: effects on carcinoembryonic antigen, hematological parameters, and gut microbiota of adult and elderly mouse models

Anti-diarrheal effects of ethanol leaf extract of Eleusine Indica in Castor Oil induced diarrhea using mice model

Ancient civilizations employed medicinal herbs to treat ailments. Medicinal herbs are essential for treating chronic disorders. Different medicinal plants can treat comparable ailments, depending on the country. In many rural communities in developing countries, particularly in Africa, therapeutic medicines and remedies derived from indigenous plants are almost invariably the only readily available and cost-effective alternatives to traditional diarrhea medicines. The study aims to evaluate the anti-diarrheal activity of the Eleusine indica ethanol extract in mice. The study used fresh Eleusine indica leaves. The extracts were administered at concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 28 days. On the 29th, the rats were induced with diarrhea, and blood samples were collected through the retro-orbital plexus before being sacrificed. The serum from the collected blood was used to run hematological and electrolyte tests. The liver and kidney function tests were analyzed using standard methods. The determination of antidiarrheal activity was done using the following models: Castor oil (CO) induced diarrhea, CO induced enteropooling activity, and CO induced gastrointestinal motility. The 80% ethanol extract produced significant (p<0.001) antidiarrheal activity in all three models tested. The hematological, renal, hepatic, and electrolyte parameters of extract-treated mice were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from those of the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in the chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and bicarbonate levels of the extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. The findings of the studies demonstrated the antidiarrheal activities of Eleusine indica leaves, which could be a therapeutic option against diarrhea.

Copaiba oil’s bactericidal activity and its effects on health and zootechnical performance for Nile tilapia after oral supplementation

Tilapia is one of the most important farmed fish in the world and the most cultivated in Brazil. The increase of this farming favors the appearance of diseases, including bacterial diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal activity of copaiba oil, Copaifera duckei, against Streptococcus agalactiae and Flavobacterium columnare and the dietary effect of copaiba oil on zootechnical performance, hematological, biochemical, immunological, and histological analysis before and after an intraperitoneal infection (body cavity) with S. agalactiae in Nile tilapia. For this, fish were randomly distributed into 15 fiber tanks in five treatments (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0%) and fed with a commercial diet supplemented with copaiba oil for 30 days. After this period, the fish were randomly redistributed for the experimental challenge with S. agalactiae into six treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5), the fish were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected to assess hematological, biochemical, immunological, and histological parameters. Copaiba oil showed bactericidal activity against Streptococcus spp. and Flavobacterium spp. in vitro. In addition, concentrations of 0.75 and 1.0% of copaiba oil have an anti-inflammatory effect and improve hematological and immunological parameters, increasing leukocyte numbers, albumin, and serum lytic activity. Furthermore, there is an increase in the intestinal villus length and tissue damage in groups at concentrations of 0.75 and 1.0% of copaiba oil. In conclusion, copaiba oil presented bactericidal activity against Streptococcus spp. and Flavobacterium spp. in vitro, and oral supplementation at concentrations of 0.75 and 1.0% compared to the control group enhanced non-specific immune parameters and digestibility in Nile Tilapia.

CDC27 gene expression patterns as a potential biomarker in Acute Leukemia.

Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is difficult due to high relapse rates and drug resistance. Tumorigenesis is largely dependent on disruption of the cell cycle progression. While the role of Cell Division Cycle 27 (CDC27) in the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome is well-known, its significance in the pathophysiology of acute leukemia and its potential as a biomarker are less well understood. This case-control study used samples from 100 leukemia patients (50 with ALL and 50 with AML) at Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran, along with 50 healthy individuals. The expression of CDC27 was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (RQ-PCR). Statistical analysis was done using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that AML and ALL patients had significantly higher levels of CDC27 expression compared to the control group. Although a weak correlation between CDC27 expression and hematological parameters was found, there was no significant correlation with sample type, demographics, clinical variables or prognosis. This study highlights the potential of CDC27 as an oncogene, as well as a possible prognostic and diagnostic marker in acute leukemias. It suggests that CDC27 could be a valuable biomarker or therapeutic target in the treatment of AML and ALL.

Early ambulation after total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective single-center study

PurposeEarly ambulation is an important step in accelerating post-joint replacement surgery recovery. However, there is limited research on populations who are unable to walk immediately after the operation. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing postoperative ambulation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients.MethodsPrimary TKA patients were included in this retrospective study. All patients were divided into two groups. Patients who began walking within 24 h were categorized as the early ambulation group, while patients who began walking after 24 h were classified as the late ambulation group. Recorded demographic data included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), clinical diagnosis, and comorbidities. Hematological parameters potentially affecting patients’ preoperative physical condition were also documented. Additionally, intraoperative metrics such as surgical time, surgical side, tourniquet time, intraoperative blood loss, the placement of drains, and prosthetic model were recorded.ResultsA total of 453 patients (79.0% female, 21.0% male) were included in this study. The average age of all patients was 68.5±7.9 years, ranging from 36 to 87 years, with an average BMI of 27.2±9.9 kg/m2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm {m^{2}}$$\\end{document}. The mean postoperative ambulation time was 1.6 days, with a range of 0–4 days. In univariate group comparisons, an increase in postoperative time to ambulation was significantly associated with a history of heart disease (P<0.001\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P<0.001$$\\end{document}), stroke history (P=0.003\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P=0.003$$\\end{document}), and prior surgeries (P=0.003\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P=0.003$$\\end{document}). Patients who delayed ambulation also exhibited significantly higher coagulation-related parameters including PT (P<0.001\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P<0.001$$\\end{document}), APTT (P=0.002\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P=0.002$$\\end{document}), TT (P=0.039\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P=0.039$$\\end{document}) before surgery compared to those who mobilized early. Furthermore, prolonged surgical time (P=0.030\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P= 0.030$$\\end{document}), increased intraoperative blood loss (P<0.001\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P<0.001$$\\end{document}), and the placement of intraoperative drains (P<0.001\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P<0.001$$\\end{document}) also significantly extended the time to postoperative ambulation. However, after multivariate logistic regression analysis, only PT (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.32-\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-$$\\end{document}2.61, P<0.001\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P<0.001$$\\end{document}), TT (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-$$\\end{document}1.55, P=0.004\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P=0.004$$\\end{document}) intraoperative blood loss (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-$$\\end{document}1.01, P=0.008\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P=0.008$$\\end{document}) and the placement of intraoperative drains (OR 11.39, 95% CI 6.59-\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-$$\\end{document}19.69, P<0.001\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$P<0.001$$\\end{document}) were identified as predictive factors for late ambulation in patients after TKA.ConclusionIn this study, preoperative coagulation function, intraoperative blood loss and the placement of intraoperative drains were factors contributing to delay ambulation time. Therefore, it is believed that properly improving preoperative coagulation function, effective intraoperative hemostasis, and reducing the placement of drains have a positive impact on early postoperative ambulation in patients undergoing TKA.

Dietary supplementation of mineral nanoparticles for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

This study evaluated the supplementation of iron and copper nanoparticles in channel catfish diets and their influences on growth and health. A comparative feeding trial was carried out for 9weeks to evaluate combinations of iron and copper nanoparticles: only iron nanoparticles (IronNP), only copper nanoparticles (CopperNP), CopperNP + IronNP, and a control diet supplemented with inorganic iron and copper (FeSO4 and CuSO4). After a 9-week feeding trial, growth performance, hematological parameters, whole-body proximate composition, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated, and fish were subjected to a bacterial challenge against Edwardsiella ictaluri to evaluate the contribution of the experimental treatments to fish health status. No statistical differences were detected for catfish fed the various diets in terms of production performance or survival after bacterial challenge. The hematocrit and RBC counts from fish fed the diet containing copper nanoparticles were significantly lower than the control group. A higher relative abundance of gram-positive bacteria was found in the digesta of catfish fed diets containing copper nanoparticles. Furthermore, in the context of hematology, iron nanoparticles did not impact the blood parameters of channel catfish; however, reduced hematocrits were observed in fish fed the copper nanoparticle diet, which lacked supplemental dietary iron, thus reinforcing the importance of dietary iron to catfish hematopoiesis. Nonetheless, additional studies are needed to investigate the effects of dietary copper nanoparticle supplementation in catfish diets to better illuminate its effects on the intestinal microbiota.

Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula ameliorates renal fibrosis-induced anemia in rats with chronic kidney disease

Ethnopharmacological relevanceJian-Pi-Yi-Shen (JPYS) formula is an effective herbal therapy against renal injury, and JPYS has been clinically applied to ameliorate chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-associated anemia. Increasing evidence supports the link between renal fibrosis and anemia in CKD. JPYS possessed anti-fibrosis effects in experimental CKD. Nevertheless, research on the mechanisms of JPYS in ameliorating renal anemia (RA) through suppressing renal fibrosis remains to be clarified. Aim of the studyOur study here was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of JPYS in protecting against RA. Materials and methodsAn adenine-induced anemia model in rats with CKD at three different time points was established, and bio-samples taken from each group were analyzed. Biochemical analysis was employed to detect kidney function and hematological parameters. Masson staining was used to evaluate renal fibrosis of rats. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were utilized to evaluate the expressions of fibrotic markers, erythropoietin (EPO) and hypoxia inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) in the kidneys of rats. Subsequently, transcriptomic analysis was conducted to disclose the possible mechanisms of JPYS in treating RA. Finally, the expression levels of key targets were analyzed and validated by using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ResultsJPYS treatment improved kidney function, suppressed renal fibrosis and enhanced hematological parameters in CKD rats. Moreover, JPYS treatment restored the increased expression levels of fibrotic markers and the declined EPO with time dependence. In parallel, data indicated JPYS treatment stimulated the translocation of HIF-2α into nucleus in the renal interstitium and thus promoted the expression of EPO. Transcriptomic profiling disclosed that activations of both nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathways were closely associated with RA. Ultimately, experimental validation results presented that the increased expressions of target proteins from the above-mentioned two pathways in the kidneys were decreased significantly after JPYS treatment. ConclusionOur findings suggest that JPYS may improve RA by alleviating renal fibrosis, and the mechanisms of which involve in inhibiting the NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad pathways.

Alterations in hematologic, coagulation, and inflammatory markers based on fever status in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study

ABSTRACT Background: Laboratory markers like lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated D-dimer, and C-reactive protein (CRP) predict worse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, a comprehensive analysis of hematologic and coagulation parameter alterations based on fever status is lacking. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 300 COVID-19 patients hospitalized from March to December 2020. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records. Patients were stratified into fever (n = 200) and no fever (n = 100) groups. Hematologic, coagulation, and inflammatory markers were compared between groups using appropriate statistical tests. Multivariate regression identified independent predictors of fever. Results: Fever was associated with leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated CRP, D-dimer, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and ferritin compared to no fever (all P &lt; 0.05). D-dimer (r = 0.42), CRP (r = 0.52), NLR (r = 0.48), and interleukin-6 (r = 0.46) demonstrated the strongest correlation with fever (P &lt; 0.001). High D-dimer &gt;1000 ng/mL (adjusted odds ratio 2.7), CRP &gt;100 mg/L (3.1), lymphopenia &lt;1.0 × 109/L (2.8), NLR &gt;4 (2.9), and thrombocytopenia &lt;150 × 109/L (2.7) were significant independent predictors of fever status (P &lt; 0.005). These parameters had moderate sensitivity (40–60%) and high specificity (74–88%) for discriminating febrile patients with AUC of 0.85. Conclusions: Marked alterations in hematologic, coagulation, and inflammatory markers occur in COVID-19 based on fever. Routine laboratory parameters can facilitate diagnosis and risk stratification.

Acute Effects of Kickboxing K1 Matches on Hematological Parameters of Kickboxers

Acute Effects of Kickboxing K1 Matches on Hematological Parameters of Kickboxers

Distribution of biochemical and hematological parameters in an aging population from southern India - A cross sectional analysis.

Examining the distribution of biochemical and haematological tests in different age groups of rural population is necessary to ensure that healthcare facilities are equipped to address the prevalent health conditions and manage age-related illness effectively. Hence this study is aimed at seeing the distributions of blood biochemical and hematological parameters in rural population. This cross-sectional study investigated the distribution of 26 different haematological and biochemical parameters in longitudinal cohort study (Srinivaspura Aging, NeuoSenescence and COGnition - SANSCOG), from the villages of Srinivaspura, Kolar district, India. Total of 2592 participants (1240 males and 1352 females), aged ≥ 45 years who are cognitively healthy were included for the analysis. Mean, 2.5th, 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th and 97.5th percentiles were calculated for the entire sample. Additionally, median and percentiles were determined for both gender and age categories (45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years). We observed the distinct distributions of various haematological and biochemical parameters, with elevated levels of glycaemic, lipid, liver, and thyroid parameters. Findings revealed the notable variations from the established reference ranges, indicating the potential undiagnosed cases and highlighting the gaps in health awareness and health seeking behavior. Biochemical parameters, Healthcare, Hematological parameters, India, Rural.

Efficacy and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Vectored Marburg Vaccine in Cynomolgus Macaques

Filoviruses, like the Marburg (MARV) and Ebola (EBOV) viruses, have caused outbreaks associated with significant hemorrhagic morbidity and high fatality rates. Vaccines offer one of the best countermeasures for fatal infection, but to date only the EBOV vaccine has received FDA licensure. Given the limited cross protection between the EBOV vaccine and Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF), we analyzed the protective efficacy of a similar vaccine, rVSV-MARV, in the lethal cynomolgus macaque model. NHPs vaccinated with a single dose (as little as 1.6 × 107 pfu) of rVSV-MARV seroconverted to MARV G-protein prior to challenge on day 42. Vaccinemia was measured in all vaccinated primates, self-resolved by day 14 post vaccination. Importantly, all vaccinated NHPs survived lethal MARV challenge, and showed no significant alterations in key markers of morbid disease, including clinical signs, and certain hematological and clinical chemistry parameters. Further, apart from one primate (from which tissues were not collected and no causal link was established), no pathology associated with Marburg disease was observed in vaccinated animals. Taken together, rVSV-MARV is a safe and efficacious vaccine against MHF in cynomolgus macaques.

Correlation of Albumin, Red Cell Distribution Width and Other Biochemical and Hematological Parameters with Glycated Hemoglobin in Diabetic, Prediabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that affects more than 10.5% of the world’s adult population. Biochemical and hematological parameters, such as albumin (ALB) and red cell distribution width (RDW), have been shown to be altered in diabetic patients. This study aimed to correlate hematological and biochemical parameters with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). A total of 777 adults (372 women and 405 men, aged 19–85 years) were divided into three groups: 218 participants with HbA1c &lt; 5.7% (group A: non-diabetic), 226 with HbA1c ≥ 5.7% and &lt;6.5% (group B: prediabetic) and 333 with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (group C: diabetic). Biochemical and hematological parameters were compared among the three groups. An analysis of variance was performed to determine the correlations of the parameters among the groups. The ALB and sodium (Na) levels were significantly lower in group C than in groups A (ALB: 3.8 g/dL vs. 4.1 g/dL, p &lt; 0.0001, Na: 138.4 mmol/L vs. 139.3 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.001) and B (ALB: 3.8 g/dL vs. 4.0 g/dL, p &lt; 0.0001, Na: 138.4 mmol/L vs. 139.6 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.0001), whereas the RDW-standard deviation (RDW-SD) and urea were increased in group C as compared to group A (RDW: 45.8 vs. 43.9 fL, p &lt; 0.0001, urea: 55.6 mg/dL vs. 38.5 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.0001). The mean platelet volume (MPV) was increased in group C as compared to group A (9.3 fL vs. 9.1 fL, p &lt; 0.05, respectively). Τhe increase in RDW-SD in group A as compared to B and C demonstrates the impact of hyperglycemia on red blood cells. Albumin and RDW might improve risk assessment for the development of diabetes. These results highlight the potential role of these parameters as an indication for prediabetes that would alert for measurement of HbA1c.

The study of single nucleotide polymorphism in a promoter region of ACE-2 receptor gene in the samples of Iraqi population with COVID-19.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an essential receptor on the host cell's cell membrane. It's interesting to note that the entry point receptor ACE2 protein and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus are correlated. This study aimed to determine the influence of the ACE gene genotype and explore the effects of genetic variation in the promotor region of the ACE-2 gene receptor in SARS COV-2 patients. The 225 participants were categorized into two groups (75 infected and 150 control) according to the results of Real Time -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), IgM, and IgG, also included two types of samples were collected for diagnosis hematological and molecular study. The hematological and biochemical parameters showed significant differences between the two studied groups according to D. dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte, packed cell volume (PCV) (P˂0.0001), also red blood cell (RBC) (P = 0.0034). While the results of hemoglobin (HB) and platelet displayed non-significant differences between the two groups (p value 0.6811 and 0.9201 respectively). In addition, the sequencing result in the promotor of the ACE-2 gene detected novel eight polymorphisms and recorded them in NCBI under no. (ON959139). The ACE D/D polymorphism associated with increased levels of ACE could represent a genetic risk factor in addition the discovery stems from the prospect that genetic differences could lead to differing responses to COVID-19 therapies.

Explainable artificial intelligence for fitness prediction of young athletes living in unfavorable environmental conditions

This study is the first attempt to use explainable machine learning (ML) to investigate the factors influencing physical development and the athlete's performance in the Karakalpakstan and Khwarazm regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Three physical fitness tests (Dribbling Shuttle, Goal Accuracy, and Yo-Yo intermittent), anthropometrics, and hematology data (33 subject-specific factors) of 60 young soccer players were used in this study. Results reveal that the explainable ML algorithms were effective in prediction with high model accuracy measured from mean absolute error and mean squared error (0.004 and 0.052 for Dribbling Shuttle test with Random Forest model, 41.783 and 5 for Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test-level with XGB model and 0.027 and 0.135 for Goal Accuracy test with XGB model). In contrast, model bias was estimated using mean absolute percentage error (3.6 % for the Dribbling Shuttle test with the Random Forest model, 0.3 % for the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test with the XGB model and 36.7 % for the Goal Accuracy test with the XGB model). Furthermore, Shapley additive explanations analysis exhibited that the anthropometric parameters such as body mass, mesomorph, and ankle diameter are dominant in physical development. These results confirm the generally accepted concept of the dominant anthropometric profile of early maturing professional soccer players. Additionally, it was understood that the hematology parameters of red blood count and mean corpuscular volume significantly influence physical development. Overall, explainable AI-based methods are more effective in predicting young athletes' physical development and performance. Therefore, the findings can effectively be incorporated with fitness assessment interventions and enhance related regional policy development.