Hemato-biochemical Parameters Research Articles

Effect of rumen-protected choline supplementation on production performance and haemato-biochemical profile of Kankrej cows

A study was conducted to examine the effect of supplementation of rumen-protected choline chloride (RPC) on production performance and haemato-biochemical parameters of Kankrej cows. Twenty Kankrej cows were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: control (CON: fed basal diet without supplement) and treatment (RPC: basal diet supplemented with50 g/d/cow of RPC) from 4-weeks pre-partum through 8-weekspost-partum. Results showed that average body weights and dry matter intake were not affected (P<0.05) by the supplementation of RPC. There was significant (P<0.05)improvement in yields of milk (11.10 vs. 12.45 kg/d), FCM (10.93vs. 12.49 kg/d) and ECM (12.07 vs. 13.76 kg/d) with RPC supplementation when compared with cows fed on the control diet. The milk fat, SNF, total solids, protein and lactose contents did not differ (P>0.05) between the treatment groups. Supplementation of RPC improved feed efficiency in terms of kg of 4% FCM/kg of DMI and kg of ECM/kg of DMI in lactating cows. The higher (P<0.05) serum glucose concentration (65.72vs.62.05 mg/dL) was observed in RPC than the CON. Supplementation of RPC reduced (P<0.05) concentration of serum triglycerides (27.27 vs.31.38 mg/dL) as compared to the CON group. Other estimated blood metabolites were not influenced(P>0.05) by the supplementation of RPC. In conclusion, supplementation of 50 g/d rumen-protected choline during peripartum period improved milk production, feed efficiency and blood glucose in Kankrej cows.

Evaluation of physio-biochemical changes in pre-partum stage of transition Deoni cows

The present study was undertaken to determine the physiological status in pre-partumstage of transition Deoni cows. Animals were screened and selected on the basis of artificial insemination and pregnancy records maintained at the Instructional Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC) and Sub centre, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir (M.S.). Total eighteen transition (3 weeks-prepartum) Deoni cows, of between eight to twelve years of age, were selected for the study and maintained on similar management practices. Biochemical variables including calcium, phosphorus, Ca:P ratio, magnesium, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ration, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin were estimated in pre-partum transition Deoni cows and were compared with healthy non-pregnant control. The haematological indices like white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, red blood cells (RBC), were determined and compared with healthy non pregnant control. Result of study revealed that mineral status such as serum calcium and phosphorus was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in prepartum transition animals when compared to the healthy non pregnant (control) group. Energy status in terms of blood glucose level was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in prepartum transition animal as compared to control. It was concluded that there may be a metabolic shift in the level of haematobiochemical parameters in the transient period of Deoni cows. Therefore, henceforth in the ration of transition (pre-partum) Deoni cows, inclusion of soluble carbohydrates and mineral mixture would be beneficial in preventing the development of negative energy balance (NEB).

Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Saraswatha Gritham Residue on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters of Malabari Kids

A study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary incorporation of Saraswatha gritham residue on growth performance, nutrient utilisation and techno economics of production in Malabari kids. A feeding trial of 90 days duration was conducted in fifteen Malabari kids, divided into three groups of five each, as uniformly as possible with regard to body weight, sex, age, randomly allotted to three groups and fed on isonitrogenous and isocaloric rations, T1 (control), T2 and T3, without and with 10 and 20 per cent Saraswatha gritham residue, respectively. Haematobiochemical parameters of the experimental kids were analysed at the start and end of the feeding trial. On 1st day all the blood parameters were similar among treatment groups. On 90th day Saraswatha gritham residue had significant effect on the concentration of cholesterol which was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T3 than T1 and T2, with T1 and T2 being similar (P>0.05). All the remaining blood parameters, viz., RBC, WBC, Hb, MCH, MCV and serum biochemical parameters viz., total protein, AST, ALT and total triglycerides were similar between the treatments.

Clinical and ultrasonographic assessment of traumatic pericarditis and traumatic reticuloperitonitis in buffaloes

Traumatic injury by a foreign body is a common cause of traumatic pericarditis (TP) and traumatic reticuloperitonitis in buffaloes. Both mimics almost the same clinical sign under field conditions. Clinical, hematobiochemical and ultrasonographic changes between TP and TRP cases in buffaloes were evaluated in the present study. From the period of January 2020 to December 2020, a total of twelve buffaloes were investigated with TP and TRP conditions. Six animals each suffering from TP and TRP were included along with six normal healthy animals as control. Different clinical signs, haemato-biochemical parameters and ultrasonographical findings were recorded in each group and comparative analysis was done. Brisket edema in TP affected buffaloes and arch back condition in TRP affected buffaloes was the common clinical finding. Ferroscopy was performed to confirm the location of foreign body. Jugular pulsation was noted in Group II as well as Group III buffalo. A significant increase in WBC count and a significant decrease in hematocrit was noted in Group III animals compared to healthy animals. SGOT and fibrinogen concentration was significantly increased in both group animals. Anechoic fluid accumulation in TP and thickening of the reticular wall in TRP were the most consistent ultrasonographic findings in buffaloes.

Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants and concurrent hematological, liver and kidney function test of Black Bengal goats reared in Jaintapur, Sylhet district in Bangladesh

Hemato-biochemical parameters aid in the formulation of effective treatment and supportive therapy for infectious diseases of animals such as peste des petits ruminants (PPR). The present study investigated the prevalence of PPR in Black Bengal goats reared in Jaintapur, Sylhet and concurrent hematology, liver and kidney function tests of PPR infected goats. Information of PPR infected goats was recorded according to age and sex by asking questions to the owner or farmers. Blood samples from 10 PPR-infected Black Bengal goats and 10 normal healthy goats were collected and analyzed using routine blood and biochemical tests. PPR positive cases were found in 60 of 125 goats examined based on clinical signs. The highest prevalence (50%) was recorded in young goats (below 12 months) followed by goats of 12-24 months of age and older goats (above 25 months). Older goats were less susceptible to PPR infection. Male goats were less susceptible to PPR infection (31.66%) compared to female goats (68.33%). PPR is more likely in goats with lower body condition score (BCS). PPR-infected goats had macrocytic hypochromic anemia, as evidenced by significantly lower TEC, Hb, and PCV levels and higher MCV and MCH levels. The total leucocyte count (TLC) was significantly (P<0.05) decreased, neutrophils numbers were significantly increased but lymphocyte numbers were decreased in PPR infected goats. ALT, AST and creatinine reflect the liver and kidney functions. PPR-infected goats had significantly higher (P<0.05) AST, ALT and creatinine values than normal healthy goats. A high level of AST and ALT in PPR-infected goats might be due to liver damage. The high creatinine level indicates functional damage to the kidney. In conclusion, Prevalence of PPR in higher in Black Bengal goats reared in Jaintapur, Sylhet and PPR virus altered the hematological parameters and liver and kidney function test of the PPR infected goats. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 270-276

Molecular detection of Theileria spp. in native sheep and estimation of hemato-biochemical parameters from Sulaimani province/Iraq.

Theileriosis, the hemoprotozoan infection, is an endemic condition in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, conventional PCR analysis was applied to detect the natural infection of native sheep with theileriosis and estimate its effect on hemato-biochemical parameters. The study was carried out in five regions of Sulaimani province, northern Iraq. From May to October 2021, a total of 360 blood samples were collected randomly from the jugular vein of sheep belonging to 23 flocks with a history of tick infestations. After PCR for theileriosis, the hematobiochemical parameters were evaluated by an automatic analyzer using commercial kits. The PCR results represented that 71.7% of the examined sheep were infected with Theileria parasites. The highest prevalence rate (74.6%) was reported in Said Sadiq, and the lowest prevalence (69.5%) was from Bazian. The infection rates in Mawat, Qaradagh, and Sharazoor were 73.1, 70.3, and 71.8%, respectively. The hemogram data revealed a significant decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit values. Erythrocyte indices also showed significant increases in MC, MCH, and MCHC levels, but no significant differences were detected between the counting of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant decrease in total protein, albumin, and creatinine levels with a significant increase in urea and AST levels in infected sheep with theileriosis. Alteration in hemato-biochemical parameters from infected animals can outline the impact of theileriosis on body metabolism and blood factors in naturally infected sheep.

Detailed Pathophysiological Investigation of Canine Pyometra and the Curative Role of Ovariohysterectomy

Background: Pyometra or cystic endometrial hyperplasia complex in dogs is a hormonally mediated bacterial disease wherein middle-aged bitches are most affected. The current study was carried out in pyometra-affected bitches to determine the alterations in hormonal, histopathological and haemato-biochemical profiles after 14 days of ovariohysterectomy. Methods: Blood samples were collected both from control (n=15) and affected bitches (n=15) showing signs of open cervix pyometra preoperatively and postoperatively on the day of surgery, on the 7th and 14th day after ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples were subjected to the estimation of endocrinological and hematobiochemical parameters. The ovary, oviduct and uterus were collected for gross and histological observations. Result: The pre-operative serum progesterone (ng/ml) recorded in bitches affected with pyometra were 9-fold higher than controls (9.77±2.64 vs 0.61±0.66) (P less than 0.01). There was a non-significant difference in the pre-operative (414.63±62.88) and post-operative (390.6±54.20) estrogen concentration and the results indicated a presence of an extragonadal source of estrogen. The enormous endometrial lumen of these cysts contained eosinophilic hazy granular material and tissue debris along with massive infiltration of inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils. The findings of the study revealed that progesterone is the major contributory factor and extragonadal sources of estrogen may be present along with hyperplastic changes in the uterine and glandular epithelium in pyometra-affected bitches.

Ameliorative Effect of Quercetin against Abamectin-Induced Hemato-Biochemical Alterations and Hepatorenal Oxidative Damage in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Abamectin (ABM) is a common agricultural pesticide and veterinary anthelmintic drug. It can discharge from the sites of application to aquatic systems via surface run-off or spray drift, causing harmful effects to aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the protective effect of dietary quercetin supplementation on hemato-biochemical parameters and hepato-renal oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a sublethal dose of ABM. Fish were allocated into six equal groups. The first group was kept as a control group. The second and third groups (Q400, and Q800) were fed diets supplemented with two quercetin levels (400 and 800 mg/kg diet), respectively. The fourth group (ABM) was intoxicated with 20.73 µg/L of ABM. The fifth and sixth groups (ABM + Q400, and ABM + Q800) were fed diet supplemented with two quercetin levels (400 and 800 mg/kg diet) and simultaneously intoxicated with ABM for 60 days. The results showed that ABM significantly decreased RBCs, hemoglobin content, hematocrit, total protein, albumin levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity activities compared to the control. Meanwhile, ABM significantly increased white blood cells, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Liver and kidney levels of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased, while hepato-renal antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione, super oxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity) were significantly decreased upon ABM exposure. On the other hand, quercetin dietary supplementation improved the hemato-biochemical alterations and alleviated oxidative stress induced by ABM exposure. Fish supplemented with quercetin at a level of 800 mg/kg diet showed better alleviating effects against ABM compared to 400 mg/kg diet. Based on these study findings, we suggest that quercetin dietary supplementation (800 mg/kg) offered direct protection against ABM-induced physiological disturbance and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia.

Lamiaceae as Feed Additives in Fish Aquaculture

The growing demand for high-quality food has induced a rapid expansion of the aquaculture sector. On the other hand, this sector has to overcome numerous challenges and problems triggered by the adoption of intensive farming systems, such as stress and high susceptibility to diseases. The improper use of chemicals and antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in fish, with consequent health risks for consumers. Natural additives are increasingly used in aquaculture and, among these, medicinal plants are constantly under investigation as safe and environmentally friendly alternatives to chemicals. Great attention has been paid to Lamiaceae plants as feed additives capable of enhancing the growth performance, immune system, and antioxidant status of farmed fish. The aim of this review is to provide an updated picture of the employment of the Lamiaceae species (oregano, rosemary, sage, thyme, and mint) to enhance farmed fish health. The benefits of oregano, rosemary, sage, thyme, and mint feed supplementation on growth performance, immune system, antioxidant status, hemato-biochemical parameters, and resistance to stress, parasites, and bacteria have been described, highlighting weaknesses and drawbacks and proposing possible implementations.

Differential expression of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin synthases and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the endometrium and circulation in different graded CEH-pyometra in bitch

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)-pyometra (CEH-P) is one of the most common reproductive disorders in bitches, posing a risk to both future fertility and life. The aims of the current study were to elucidate the differential expression patterns of inflammatory mediators at transcript and protein levels in the endometrium and to assess the concentrations of key inflammatory mediators in the peripheral circulation of bitches with different graded CEH-P. A total of 25 client-owned intact mixed breed bitches of 3–10 years presented to the outpatient department of RVP-TVCC of the institute were considered for the study. Of which, 22 cases suggestive of pyometra and 3 cases of CEH obtained during routine elective ovariohysterectomy were subjected to histopathological examination. Uteri were categorized into CEH (n = 3), moderate CEH-P (mCEH-P, n = 9), severe CEH-P (sCEH-P, n = 6) and atrophic pyometra (AT-P, n = 7). A group of age matched (n = 12) bitches without pyometra served as control. Endometrial transcripts such as IL6, IL8, PTGS2, PGFS, and SLPI were expressed differentially in the CEH and CEH-P bitch. In addition, a strong immunoreactivity (IR) of IL6, IL8, PTGS2, and mPGES1 was recorded in the sCEH-P uterus, while expression of IL10 was noticed in AT-P. In circulation, serum IL6 was the most relevant marker with high sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 84.6% at a cut off concentration 8.5 pg/mL followed by SLPI with 95.2% sensitivity, and 84.6% specificity at cut off concentration of 1.3 ng/mL. Serum IL10, PGFM and SLPI concentration in the peripheral circulation were 1.5–2.23 fold higher in mCEH-P, 0.87–2.5 fold higher in sCEH-P and 2.9–3.5 fold higher in AT-P than that of control. It is concluded that monitoring the serum concentration of IL6, IL10 and SLPI would be useful adjunct to the established hematobiochemical parameters in the management of pyometra in the bitch with critical illness.

A Comparative Study on the Haematological and Biochemical Alterations in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) under Natural and Artificial Environments in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

Aims: The study was conducted to compare the alteration in haematological and biochemical parameters in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) under natural (river) and artificial (ponds) habitats in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria.
 Study Design: Whole blood and serum samples harvested from each group of the catfish were used for assessment of the haematological and biochemical parameters, respectively. Data were analyzed to compare changes between the two groups of African catfishes using T-test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 Place and Duration of Study: Catfish samples were collected over a period of four weeks from Kwalkwalawa river and commercial fish farms in Sokoto metropolis. Samples for haematological parameters were determined at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto. The serum analyses were performed at the Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto.
 Methodology: A total of fifty (50) whole blood samples were obtained from live African catfishes representing twenty-five (25) samples each from natural and artificial environments.
 Results: The results showed significant changes in some haematological parameters, packed cell volume (P = 0.039), haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.001), white blood cell count (P = 0.012), and differential neutrophils (P = 0.001) and lymphocytes (P = 0.001) counts between the two groups of African catfishes studied. Significant biochemical alterations in the total protein (P = 0.001), total bilirubin (P = 0.028) and direct bilirubin (P = 0.019) were observed in catfishes under natural and artificial environments.
 Conclusion: This study shows that aquaculture environment has great influence on the haematological and biochemical parameters in African catfish. These changes were more evident in catfish reared under the natural environment. Hence, the alterations in haemato-biochemical parameters were suggestive of unhealthy state or chronic stressful condition in catfish perhaps due to natural and human caused stresses.

Amoxicillin impact on pathophysiology induced by short term high salt diet in mice

Current evidence emerging from both human and animal models confirms that high-salt diet consumption over a period modulates the gut ecology and subsequently accelerates the development of the pathophysiology of many metabolic diseases. The knowledge of short-term intake of a high-salt diet (HSD) on gut microbiota and their role in the progression of metabolic pathogenesis and the consequence of a typical course of common antibiotics in this condition has yet not been investigated. The present study elicited this knowledge gap by studying how the gut microbiota profile changes in mice receiving HSD for a short period followed by Amoxicillin treatment on these mice in the last week to mimic a typical treatment course of antibiotics. In this study, we provided a standard chow diet (CD) and HSD for 3 weeks, and a subset of these mice on both diets received antibiotic therapy with Amoxicillin in the 3rd week. We measured the body weight of mice for 3 weeks. After 21 days, all animals were euthanised and subjected to a thorough examination for haemato-biochemical, histopathological, and 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis to determine any changes in gut microbiota ecology. HSD exposure in mice for short duration even leads to a significant difference in the gut ecology with enrichment of specific gut microbiota crucially linked to developing the pathophysiological features of metabolic disease-related inflammation. In addition, HSD treatment showed a negative impact on haemato-biochemical parameters. However, Amoxicillin treatment in HSD-fed mice restored the blood-biochemical markers near to control values and reshaped gut microbiota known for improving the pathophysiological attributes of metabolic disease related inflammation. This study also observed minimal and insignificant pathological changes in the heart, liver, and kidney in HSD-fed mice.

Effect of Supplementation of Thyme and Turmeric Essential Oils on Hemato-biochemical Parameters of Japanese Quails

This experiment was undertaken to assess the influence of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) essential oils on hematobiochemical parameters of Japanese quails. One hundred eighty, 6-day old Japanese quail chicks were subjected to five weeks trial. Quail chicks were distributed at random into five dietary treatment groups each with three replicates of 12 quails per treatment. Quails of T0 group fed diet without essential oils (Basal diet), T1 group fed basal diet with 0.2 % thyme essential oil, T2 group fed basal diet with 0.3% turmeric essential oil, T3 group fed basal diet with combination of 0.125 % thyme essential oil and 0.075 % turmeric essential oils, T4 group fed basal diet with combination of 0.075% thyme essential oil and 0.125 % turmeric essential oils. The results revealed that Japanese quails of essential oils supplemented groups had significantly higher (p<0.05) red blood cell count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, serum protein, albumin globulin and high-density lipoprotein concentrations with best results found in T4 group. Supplementing Japanese quails with thyme and turmeric essential oils significantly lowered serum uric acid, creatinine, total bilirubin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, SGOT and SGPT activity. It can be concluded that nutritional supplementation of thyme and turmeric essential oils at 0.075 % and 0.125 % in combination improved haematological indices and most of the serum biochemical parameters in Japanese quails.

Effect of Feeding Silage Prepared from Fall Army Worm (Spodoptera frugiperda) on Feed Intake and Hematobiochemical Parameters of Red kandhari Heifers

The study objective was to evaluate the feed intake, and hematobiochemical parameters of Red Kandhari heifers fed a total mixed ration (TMR) based on silage produced from a fall army worm (FAW) affected maize fodder compared with silage prepared from normal maize fodder. Two treatment groups, T1 and T2, consisted of 6 Red Kandhari heifers, each having average body weights 164.17 and 165.52 kg for 90 days trial. T1 and T2 groups offered 40% normal maize silage and 40% FAW-affected maize silage, respectively along with 40% concentrate and 20% chaffed sorghum stovers. Fortnightly dry matter intake (kg/day) was observed to be statistically similar (p>0.05) between T1 and T2 groups. The Hematobiochemical parameters viz. Hb, PCV, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, ALT and AST concentration were analyzed fortnightly and found statistically not different (p>0.05) between the T1 and T2 group, respectively.

The Effects of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oils on Anaesthesia and Haemato-Biochemical Parameters in Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Post-Juveniles

This study investigated the effects of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil (OEO) anaesthesia and stress-related physiological parameters in tilapia mossambicus (Oreochromis mossambicus) post-juveniles. Fish were subjected to different concentrations of OEO (25, 50, 100, and 150 μL L−1) to assess the effects of the anaesthesia and recovery time. A second experiment subjected fish to other handling treatments, including a control (no OEO exposure), ethanol solution, 25 μL L−1 (low effective anaesthesia concentration of OEO), and 100 μL L−1 high effective anaesthesia concentration of OEO) for 10 min to assess the haemato-biochemical indices and survival rate at 0 h and after 24 h. Moreover, all the tested OEO concentrations induced anaesthesia in the studied fish, where the anaesthesia induction time decreased with increased OEO concentrations. Meanwhile, the inverse was reported for recovery time. Based on the ideal anaesthetic criteria, 50 μL L−1 and 100 μL L−1 were the suitable concentrations that could be recommended for quick anaesthesia. However, according to the haemato-biochemical parameters and survival results, 25 μL L−1 was safe to anaesthetise tilapia mossambicus for 10 min and could be recommended for time-consuming fish-handling procedures. Future studies should investigate multiple factors that influence anaesthesia in fish for better optimisation of OEO in tilapia mossambicus.

Beneficial effect of SPE-ZnO nanoparticles against hepato-renal toxicity and oxidative stress induced by fluoride in wistar rats

Our study aimed to investigate the effect of ZnNPs formulated by spinach extract (SPE-ZnNPs) fluoride induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats. 18 male rats were divided into three groups (n=6); Control, NaF and NaF + SPE-ZnNPs. various biological parameters and histopathological analysis were estimated. Phytochemical of spinach and characterizations of ZnNPs were analyzed using standard technics. Results show that the plant is rich in active substances and ZnNPs were formulated with a size of up to 30 nanometers, which is proven by the Uv-VIS, FTIR and SEM results. Results show that NaF exposed induce an alteration in hemato-biochemical parameters, and hepato-renal oxidative stress and histopathological alteration. However, SPEZnNPs’ administration to NaF rats resulted in a partial improvement and correction of the prior parameters. Use of SPE-ZnNPs appears to be the main preventative measure against fluoride poisoning and the oxidative stress it causes.

Hemato-biochemical and ultrasonographic evaluation of hepatic lipidosis in dairy buffaloes.

Around 60% dairy animals developed moderate to severe hepatic lipidosis at the time of parturition or during early lactation stage. Most of clinician suspect the hepatic lipidosis during above time window only. However, negative energy balance or feeding of high concentrate diet can lead to hepatic lipidosis at any phase of life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential for diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis by means of hemato-biochemical parameters and ultrasonography of the liver at any stage of life. Here, ultrasonographic back fat thickness measurement was correlated with ultrasonographic features of hepatic lipidosis. A total 60 buffaloes were included under the study and sampled for hematological and biochemical parameters. Hematological parameters did not exhibit any significant difference between healthy and hepatic lipidosis-affected buffaloes. Biochemical parameters like beta hydroxy butyric acid, non esterified fatty acid, aspartate amino transferase, gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase revealed a significant increase, while triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose declined significantly in hepatic lipidosis-affected buffaloes. Total protein, albumin, and total bilirubin levels did not exhibit any significant difference. Based on ultrasonographic findings, the hepatic lipidosis-affected buffaloes were further sub divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Portal vein diameter and depth of portal vein were also estimated in current study. Ultrasonographic examination could diagnose 53.33% hepatic lipidosis cases in buffaloes. Among it, 37.50% buffalo had mild hepatic lipidosis, 33.33% had moderate hepatic lipidosis, and 29.16% had severe hepatic lipidosis. Depth of portal vein significantly increased in hepatic lipidosis cases. However, portal vein diameter exhibited a non-significant difference in mild, moderate, and severe groups of hepatic lipidosis. Back fat thickness also revealed a non-significant difference in mild, moderate, and severe hepatic lipidosis. Above study indicate that B mode ultrasonography of the liver can be employed to differentiate various grades of hepatic lipidosis in buffaloes. Biochemical parameters like NEFA, BHBA, AST, GGT, ALP, TG, cholesterol, and glucose can be helpful to screen the hepatic lipidosis at farm level.

Studdies on clinical markers, hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameter alterations in theileriosis affected buffaloes from semi arid zone of northern plains of India

The study was carried out on 36 naturally infected buffaloes with Theileria annulata, to determine the clinical markers, hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameters alterations. The clinical markers recorded in infected buffaloes were fever, enlargement of pre-scapular lymph nodes, pale mucosae, anorexia, thin mucoid nasal discharge along with melanic faeces and corneal opacity as clinical signs which might be considered as clinical markers of theleriosis in buffaloes in the semi arid zone of the region. Hemato-bichemical and oxidative stress parameters alterations revealed significant decrease in red blood cells (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the infected animals, compared to the control ones. Increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease in the levels superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in infected animals, compared to the control ones. It can be concluded that theleriosis in buffaloes may lead to anemia which might be attributed due to increased oxidative stress.

Fluctuations in Haemato-Biochemical Parameters in Organized and Farmer Flock of Goat Under Infestation of Lice

Parasites causes the economic wealth loss of any country and also the health of the animals the parasites are of two types viz. ecto and endo parasites. In ectoparasites ticks and lice are major while in endoparasites mites are included. Considering all these facts present investigation has been planned. This study evaluated the haematological and biochemical response of ticks captured in two different environmental reared goats such as organized and farmer flocks. The experimentally infected goats showed lower Hb, PCV, TEC, Neutrophil and MCHC values in the first three weeks of study but naturally infested groups showed higher values than the experimentally infected groups. Biochemical parameters viz. total protein and globulin were found higher a day 21 in experimental lice infected goats but albumin, A/G ratio, glucose, bilirubin and AST were considerably lower during 7 and day 21 in the experimental group when compared to naturally infected goats. There was no alteration in total protein, globulin, bilirubin and ALT between experimental and natural lice- infected goats but the A/G ratio was significantly higher in experimental lice infested goats. Anemia in lice-infested goats and attribute it to prolonged blood looses and loss of essential nutrients and oxidative stress which induce RBC damage and anemia. It is due to oxidative stress and biotransformation.

A pilot study on the hemato-biochemical parameters of cattle administered with advanced healthcare bio-capsules connected through a customized long-range network in the United Arab Emirates

Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of cattle disease is very important for any livestock farming enterprise, to remain viable. Improved cattle health and productivity through advanced and innovative smart farming technologies will pave the way for the United Arab Emirates in achieving its national agenda of food security. Advanced livestock health care bio-capsules were administered through mouth into the rumen of cattle in a private dairy farm to a group of cattle to monitor their health. The effect of using such biosensors on the animal health was not previously described by any other researchers. Hence, in the current study, we tried to understand the effects of the bio-capsules on the cattle health, if any. This was done through collecting and screening blood samples from the test animals for different hemato-biochemical parameters and our results showed that there were no harmful effects of using such bio-capsules for livestock health monitoring.