Hadith Criticism Research Articles

IBN MAS'ŪD'S CONTRIBUTION IN HADITH CRITICISM: Efforts to Preserve the Prophet's Hadith in the Era of Ṣaḥābah

IBN MAS'ŪD'S CONTRIBUTION IN HADITH CRITICISM: Efforts to Preserve the Prophet's Hadith in the Era of Ṣaḥābah

Methodological Approaches Used in the Works of Fatima Mernissi on Issues of Islam and Gender Equality

The aim of this article is to reveal the methodological approaches that deal with the issues of Islam and gender equality in the works of Moroccan sociologist Fatima Mernissi, which is discussed within the scope of Islamic feminist discourse. In this sense, the subjects of "veil" and "women's leadership", which have an important place in Mernissi's works, are discussed as examples. In this context, two distinct methodological approaches stand out. These are the contextualist approach and hadith criticism. Mernissi's use of both methodologies in her work puts her in a special and unique position among Islamic feminist researchers. As a matter of fact, Muslim thinkers working on Islam and gender equality mainly focus on the Qur'an. This causes the field of hadith to remain in the background. In addition, even if the hadiths are discussed, the number of researchers who benefit from the classical methodology is quite limited. In this case, Mernissi's interest in both the fields of the Qur'an and hadith and her use of a methodological approach such as the hadith criticism put forward by the classical ulama in order to refute the validity of the acceptance by the classical ulema that women cannot be a leader brings her to the fore. Key Words: Contextualist Approach, Hadith Criticism, Veil, Women's Leadership

Kitâbu’t-Tahrîş ve Kitâbu’l-Makâlât’ın Tahkikinde Esas Alınan El Yazmaları Üzerine

With this study, it is aimed to clarify some ambiguities about the origin of the manuscripts that the edition of Kitāb al-Tahrīsh and Kitāb al-Maqālāt, which we published recently, rest on. Those editions which we expect to open new horizons in terms of the history of Islamic theology and hadith criticism, have reached today via Yemeni libraries, like other Muʿtazila cultural heritage items. Due to the political instability caused by the long-term civil wars in the country, a detailed inventory of private or official libraries in Yemen, which has rich collections of manuscripts on Islamic culture, has not been made until now. Although some of these manuscripts were collected in the Sanaa Library (Maktabat al-Awqāf), most of them are still preserved in mosques’ libraries or private collections under inappropriate conditions. Since there are no reliable records or indexes of these manuscripts, it is not possible to give reliable information about the origin of each item especially the status of those found in private collections or family libraries as called Buyūt alʿilm. Today, most of the Yemeni manuscripts found in the libraries of Europe, America and Islamic countries have been purchased by manuscript collectors, merchants, foreign researchers, or other illegal ways. The ones that have been published so far are either based on these manuscripts or similarly on copies from Yemen. This ambiguity about the origin of the manuscripts can sometimes lead to unjust accusations that target the editors of them, as if they used illegal copies on purpose. In this article, we tried to clarify the ambiguities and controversial points related to those manuscripts which our edition is based on by giving information about the obtaining manuscripts and edition processes.

Communicator Credibility in Validating Information: Hadith Perspective

This study aims to explore aspects of communicator credibility from a hadith perspective. This study used a qualitative approach through content analysis. The researchers conducted data collection by exploring the literature on hadith criticism methods. A literature study was also carried out by tracing traditions related to the communicator's credibility. These traditions are mainly related to the character or personality contained in the personality of the Prophet Muhammad, including the characters of shiddîq , amanah , fathonah , and tablîgh. This study concludes that one of the crucial aspects in verifying and validating information is the communicator's credibility. In the era of information openness and accelerating digitalization of culture, verifying and validating the truth of information are biased. Thus, many social phenomena lead to disharmony and social disintegration amid the flow of information exchange. Hadith studies and the science of hadith reinforce the importance of communicator credibility as an effort to validate the information. Therefore, the audience or community possesses an authoritative source they can utilize as a reference for filtering and receiving information. Hadith and hadith science perspective assert that the building blocks of communicator credibility rely on intellectual, moral, and expertise aspects

Hadith Authentication Method: Concept, Application and Critique of Orientalist Skepticism

Harald Motzki initiated a theory of hadith analysis called Isnad Cum Matn analysis to counter hadith criticism by orientalist groups who are skeptical of hadith. They assume that all hadiths are fake, and also assume that common links are hadith forgers. This study aims to analyze the hadith authentication method initiated by Harald Motzki. Sources of research come from the work of Motzki, books and other articles that review this theory. The results of this literature study are: 1) Moztki rejects the opinion of Gholdziher, Schacht and Juynboll who state that hadith is inauthentic; 2) A common link does not mean a forger of hadith; 3) According to Motzki, to assess the authenticity of a hadith, one must study both sanad and matn (isnad cum matn analysis); 4) This method was applied by Kamaruddin Amin to the hadith of shaum by comparing historical variants and paying attention to the characteristics of the hadith editorial staff, which finally led to the conclusion that the hadith of shaum had been spread starting in the first half of the Hijri century; 5) Motzki's critique of skeptical orientalists points to the emergence of hadith and their assumption of common link and single strand, that hadith has been the basis of law since the first century of hijriah, then common link is considered as a collector of hadith, while single strand is the most trusted path.

DINAMIKA KEILMUAN HADIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF AHLI SUNAH DAN SYIAH IMAMIYAH

This paper discusses the dynamics of hadith scholarship between Sunnaists and Shia Imamiyah, developing along with criticism and scholarly dialogue on hadith between these two groups so that it is necessary to conduct studies with a focus on the history of scientific formation, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each. The discussion method is in the form of literature review. Data analysis uses content analysis with a historical approach. Primary data is in the form of hadith science books and secondary data from hadith books and others according to the needs of the discussion. The findings of the discussion: Scholars of hadith Expert Sunnah was born from oral culture into writings that are collected in the books of hadith. It is inclusive, oriented towards rawi and matan criticism with the levels of valid, hasan, dha'if and maudhu' so that scientific dialogue is well systemized even though the determination of the authenticity of hadith cannot be separated from the subjectivity of hadith critics. Imamiyya Shia hadith scholarship is under the authority of the imam and is exclusive with the levels of sahih, hasan, muwastaq and dha'if so that scientific dialogue is based on the authority of the imam and the scientific system adopts sunnah experts.

Epistemologi Studi Hadis Kawasan: Konsep, Awal Kemunculan, dan Dinamika

Epistemology of Area's Hadith Study: Concept, Early Emergence, and DynamicsThis study focuses on the efforts of regional conceptual construction of hadith studies as a new issue in contemporary hadith science discourse. As a past event, the hadith was identically territorial. The area refers to the place where the Prophet and the narrators lived, migrated to other areas and stayed there for a long time. Uniquely, this area is included by hadith critics in their identification of the narrator after mentioning his name, kunyah, and laqab. The data has not been written in academic form in terms genealogy as well as the developments and the changes. By using qualitative approach, in exploring the literature of early, middle and contemporary hadith sciences, this article intends to fill this void. This research found that practically the study of regional hadith had been started at the beginning of the 3rd century and was done by Ahmad bin Hanbal (241 H), followed by ar-Ramahurmuzi (+360 H) and other hadith scholars. The study of regional hadith was sustained and dynamic based on regional phrases in the sub chapters and titles of hadith science literature. This study also found the phrases amṣār, buldān, awṭān, marākiz ta`līm, and madrasah al-hadīṡ. The shifts of the phrases to regional hadith studies is considered as an adoption of area studies that emerged in American universities in the early twentieth century. Regional hadith studies require a multidisciplinary paradigm in order to produce novelty with a unique hadith genre in a region

Metode Kritik Matan Hadis Dengan Pendekatan Alquran Dalam Kaidah Ilmu Naqd Al-Matan

The Matan Hadith Criticism Method With the Qur'anic Approach in the Rules of Naqd Al-Matan ScienceThis article discusses how the position of al-Qur’ān in analyzing the prophet's hadith in studying the contents of the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. The method of criticism of this hadith with the interpretation of the al-Qur'ān is not new, because starting from among the Companions like Āishah have already done it, then it becomes a reference for the next scholars. Hadith, which is seen as a source of reference for understanding the Qur'an, is a normative basis in determining legal arguments or statements, because the Prophet has full authority to explain the Koran, the provider of legal statements, and the Messenger of Allah also need to be obeyed and emulated as an ideal human being in applying the contents of al-Qur'ān. However, the hadiths that come from the Messenger of Allah need to be examined a lot because of the varying quality of hadiths so that it becomes a debate about the authenticity of the Messenger of Allah because the problem of the hadiths being different from the contents of the Qur'an, while the Messenger of Allah is unlikely to differ from the Qur'an. Therefore, the Naqd al-Matan method, 'Ilm Mukhtalaf al-Ḥadīṡ and textual contradiction analysis (‘Ilm ta'āraḍ az-Żāhirī) are the methods for analyzing the contradiction. So, the approach of al-Jamu' wa at-Taufīq (compromise), Nāsikh wa Mansūkh, and at-Tarjīḥ as a tool of analysis to find out the location of the problem from the hadith which contradicts al-Qur'ān and to take a common ground in accordance with the absolute truth of Allah from Rasulullah

The basics of Hadith criticism of Allameh Askari in historical narratives and biography

"Allameh Askari" is one of the prominent hadith scholars. Many works of criticism of historical narratives and his biography show attention to four types of bases. verbal basics; "The authority of the Qur'an and the Sunnah with the priority of the Qur'an, the infallibility of the Prophet and the imams, , , the divine covenant of all the prophets on the approval of the last prophet, the effect of the course Historical sectarian deviations in the distortion are "historical foundations"; "the validity of historical certainties in criticism, the need to pay attention to the cultural, economic and social data of the date of issue". scientific foundations; "The need to pay attention to the sciences of exegesis, rijal and darayya, to check the lack of narrative conflict. linguistic basics; "The necessity of paying attention to lexical and idiomatic meanings in understanding the speaker's meaning, the effectiveness of rhetorical discussions", are the support of cleaning up historical hadiths and traditions.

The methodology of criticism of weak hadiths according to Al-Hafiz Abdullah bin Al-Siddiq Al-Ghamari; irregular hadith as a model*Mr. Hamza Boualala, Academy of the Orient _ Morocco *

This research discusses a central issue represented in the elucidation of the origins of the criticism of the irregular hadith of Al-Hafiz Abdullah bin Al-Siddiq Al-Ghamari, based on his criticism of some hadiths and considering them irregular in a number of his works, and its importance lies in the fact that it is one of the research that sheds light on the efforts of a scholar of our honorable scholars and highlighting his faculty Criticism in discussing the topics of hadith sciences, based on scientific rules and methodological controls, employing his encyclopedia of jurisprudence, fundamentalism and linguistics in this, and that he was not a fan of accepting and rejecting the hadith, and it adopted an approach based on comparison and analysis; To edit a plan based on an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion; As for the introduction, I referred in it to the problem of the research, its importance, the approach followed in its construction, and its plan. As for the first topic; I explained in it the approach of Al-Hafiz Abdullah bin Al-Siddiq in dealing with weak hadiths, and the second topic; The origins of the criticism of the irregular hadith were mentioned in it by Al-Hafiz Abdullah bin Al-Siddiq Al-Ghamari, and the conclusion made it a space to summarize what was stated in the research, and to record its results, and the horizons that emerged from it, with mentioning the recommendations

Urgensi Hermeneutika Sebagai Metode Dalam Pemahaman Hadis

The Urgency of Hermeneutics as a Method in Understanding Hadith Hadith as a Source of Law must be understood comprehensively, in order to be applied to every age, using the right approach method, among the methods of approaching understanding hadith is the hermeneutics of hadith. Hermeneutics, which was originally developed as a method of interpretation of the text of scripture in the West, developed into the most important method of approach in the field of interpretation of religious texts including hadith texts. Therefore, this study aims to describe and analyze the concept and urgency of hermeneutics in the understanding of hadith which serves as a method for contextualizing the understanding of hadith. The scope of this article is hermeneutics as a method of understanding hadith, to find the moral idea or moral message contained in a hadith. This research is qualitatively descriptive by analyzing sources starting with a narrative about the concept of hermeneutics as a method of understanding and the urgency of hermeneutics as a method in understanding hadith with a descriptive method of analysis. The results showed that hermeneutics as a method of understanding hadith emphasizes the objectivity of the initiator or source of the hadith, analyzing things related to the anchor or text known as the tradition of criticism of sanad hadith, looking for moral ideas from the hadith text by connecting the micro text or hadith with the context of society macro. Meanwhile, the urgency of hermeneutics as a method of understanding hadith is to actualize the messages contained in the understanding of hadith so that they can be actualized in the current context.

Komparasi Pemikiran Orientalis Tentang Perkembangan Hukum Islam (Goldziher, Joseph Schacht, Dan James Norman)

This study aims to reveal the history of the development of Islamic law according to the orientalists. This study uses the Library Research method with a juridical analysis approach to obtain accurate results from various books written by oreantists. The results of this study indicate that Schacht and Goldziher stated that from the time of the Prophet until the first century of hijrah, Islamic law as we know it today has not been formed. Although the Qur'an has laid the foundations of family law, inheritance and ritual worship, so that in many cases, legal practice in early Islam has deviated from the literal provisions of the Qur'an. But what distinguishes the two originalist thinking. Goldziher prefers to compare the methods of hadith criticism used by orthodox Muslim hadith experts with the "modern" hadith criticism method, where a hadith that is said to be authentic by classical Muslim methods, its authenticity is doubted by the "modern" hadith criticism method, while Schacth considers that the classical schools focuses more on the study of hadith as a source of law and tends to ignore the Koran as the main source in the study of Islamic law, in contrast to the two orientalists James Norman argues that human reason is the most authoritative source of law to regulate social life, not sourced from the Koran. and hadith as in the concept of Islamic law, the concept of Islamic law according to Norman James is no longer relevant to be applied to modern society.

THE DEBATE OF TURKISH THEOLOGIANS ON FEMINISM AND THE RENEWAL OF ISLAM

Intellectual debates about the status of women in Islam have been actively developing since the end of the 19th century, coinciding with the emergence of the first wave of feminism. However, the peak of the debate occurred in the 90s of the 20th century, when researchers from Iran, Egypt, Morocco, Turkey, as well as representatives of the Muslim diaspora in the West, such as Amina Wadud, Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Asma Barlas, etc., were prominent figures defenders of Islamic feminism. Despite the fact that Islamic feminism is one of the important trends of modern world Islamic thought, this phenomenon is little known in the post-Soviet space. Modern theologians of Turkey who support Islamic feminism are published exclusively in Turkish. In this article, the author presents to the Russian-speaking reader the modern intellectual debates of the Turkish theologians Hidayet Tuksal and Ihsan Eliachik regarding anti-capitalist Islam, the status of women in Islam and the attitude to hadith. The materials for the article were collected in 2021 during several personal interviews of the author with Hidayet Tuksal and in 2019 with Ihsan Eliachik, as well as by processing speeches, video lectures, books, articles, dissertations of these theologians. Traditionally minded theologians criticize representatives of Islamic feminism for combining the incongruous, since, according to them, Western-style feminism can have nothing to do with Islam. The debate of Islamic feminism in Turkey originates from the criticism of hadith, the Quran is interpreted from the standpoint of modern human rights and the principles of democracy. According to modern interpretations, it is not necessary for a Muslim woman to cover her head with a headscarf during prayer. If, for example, in traditional Islam, a woman's testimony in court was not equal to a man's, then Islamic feminism equalizes a woman and a man in this matter. Also, the right given to women to conduct Friday prayers in a mosque as an imam, as well as, according to this interpretation of the Quran, that polygamy is not allowed in Islam, has become an actual discussed interpretation.

MATAN HADIS CRITICISM METHODOLOGY Comparative Analysis between Muhammad Syuhudi Ismail and Muḥammad Al-Gazāliy

Abstract. Tracing the history of hadith is a common thing to be studied and carried out by various academic circles. However, along with the dynamics, which are quite dynamic, there have been problems, including Islamic thought and even orientalist thinking to examine the hadith texts of the Prophet Muhammad, which is growing rapidly, especially in the study of hadith studies. There are two main aspects of the foundation in hadith research, namely, authentic and skeptical. The term becomes the result of the conclusion when the hadith has been carried out in terms of the quality of the sanad, matan, and rawi. However, understanding the hadith does not revolve around understanding the content and substance of the hadith. How Islamic thinkers try to reconstruct the methodology in understanding the criticism of hadith so that the hadiths achieved are accurate and maintain traditions from errors and falsehoods. This paper explores the ideas of Muhammad Syhudi and Muhammad al-Ghazaliy in theory development (Matan Hadith Criticism Methodology). Then the author tries to prove and support the development of the study of hadith studies, especially academics conducting hadith research.

Book review

Oryantalistlerin hadisleri tarihlendirmek için geliştirdikleri metotlardan biri müşterek râvi teorisi olmuştur. Bu çalışmada söz konusu teoriyi detaylı bir şekilde inceleyen ilk ve öncü bir eser ile ilgili detaylı bilgi verilecektir. Bu yazıda incelenecek olan Müşterek Râvi Teorisi ve Tenkidi adlı eser Fatma Kızıl’ın 2011 yılında tamamladığı doktora tezinin gözden geçirilerek yayımlanmış halidir. Yakın bir tarihte, 2019 yılında ikinci basımı yapılan eserin gerek ortaya konan temel iddia ve tespitler bakımından gerekse yöntem ve üslup açısından güncelliğini ve orijinalliğini koruduğu aşikârdır. Yazar bu eserde, oryantalist paradigmadan hareketle gayr-i müslim Batılıların ileri sürdüğü bir teoriyi klasik İslâmî paradigmadan hareketle Doğulu bir Müslüman bakış açısıyla ele alıp uygulamış ve neticelerin hadislerin lehine farklılaştığını göstererek konunun bilimsel gerçeklikten öte bir bakış açısı meselesi olduğunu kanıtlamıştır.

Analyses of The Methodological Differences Between Muhaddithun and Usuliyyun in Hadith Criticism

Analyses of The Methodological Differences Between Muhaddithun and Usuliyyun in Hadith Criticism

حديث علي بن أبي طالب في النهي عن قراءة الجنب القرآن

This research deals with the study of a hadith narrated by Ali, the companion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): “Allah’s Messenger would recite the Qur’an in all conditions, as long as he was not in the state of sexual impurity.” In determining the correct ruling for this hadith, different chains of the same narration were collected pertaining to the companions who narrated this hadith. The key narrator and other significant narrators of the hadith were identified, and their details were collected. The hidden defects, if any, were discussed by quoting contemporary hadith critics and scholars. The reason for considering the hadith was explained, supported by the most correct views, and opinions of scholars on the issue of reciting the Qur’an while one is in the state of janaba (sexually impure) were discussed. The research also clarified the overall meaning of this hadith and some rulings that were deduced from it. It was found that the hadith has other chains of narration with varying degrees of validity and weakness and that there are some differences in its wording. After studying the chains of transmission, evaluating the narrators of the hadith, and explaining the hidden defects in the narration, it became clear that this hadith lies between acceptance and rejection. Some imams see it permissible to recite the Qur’an while one is in the state of janaba while others think that it is prohibited, and each group has their evidence, which is presented and discussed in this research.

نقد الحديث عند المحدثين نقلاً وعقلاً وتاريخاً

This article is an attempt to shed light on the sciences of the hadith, which is the criticism of the hadith according to the scholar of hadith in terms of transmission, reason, and history. The research tried to explain this valuable area, equally, it indicated the critical approach that characterizes the hadith campaign from the period of the Messenger of Allah SWT to the period of modernity, for this reason, the researchers decided on practical models for the interpretations of the scholars in the hadiths of the Prophet, especially the criticism of hadith among the scholar of hadith, this appears in criticizing the hadith and deducing the problematic aspect of it, and the position of the scholars on that, The researcher adopted the analytical and critical method, dealing with the different dimensions of this topic. then pick up acquainted with the aphorisms of scholars on this issue, as well as the analytical method by analysing the various information related to the topic.

توثيق الرواة في حالات مخصوصة عند الإمام أحمد بن حنبل وأثره في الحكم على مروياتهم

Abstract This research tackles the documentation of a weak narrator in certain cases and specific bodies, and its impact on judging the narrator, determining his rank, knowing the degree of hadiths authenticity, distinguishing hadiths, and investigating all that in the light of Imam Ahmad’s extrapolation of sayings and rulings, which are among the oldest sources on hadith weaknesses and narrators. These compilations are a major reference for those who came after him, and for the classifications that adopted collecting his sayings, questions of his students to him, the analysis of those sayings and conclusions drawn from his sayings, highlighting its implications, and comparing that with that of other hadith narrators and critics. This matter is one of the most majestic issues of hadith sciences that should be well taken care of and singled out for classification, due to the need for it in weighing hadith authenticity and its narrators. The research has showed the need to take care of relative documentation that is associated with a sheikh, student, place, time, or others, because of its great impact on the narrator and the narrative, what is narrated. It is imperative to consider these aspects when judging narrators and hadiths. Some narrators according to Imam Ahmad may be in a different situation as their sheikh’s circumstances are different, or different place of their narrative, or time difference of narration. The author has tracked down these aspects and has compared them with other opinions of hadith critics who may agree or disagree with him. The research has also showed that Imam Ahmad had done relative documentation of some narrators comparing himself to other narrators. The researcher has concluded that most of these relative documenters are peers in terms of age and hadith memorization, and that their authenticity ranks are similar to each other. Hadith narrators and critics may differ with Imam Ahmad in this comparison, or agree with him.

Examining Ibn Arabi’s Kashf Method on the Authenticity of Hadith

The method of criticism of Hadith (Naqd Hadith) was developed by Hadith experts to prove whether a Hadith can be categorized as coming from the Prophet or not. Hadith scholars tend to use the method of sanad criticism (Naqd al-Sanad) in determining the authenticity of Hadith. Over time the Hadith scholars began to come up with new methods in an effort to determine the authenticity of hadith in accordance with its scientific tendencies, one of these methods was the Kashf method. This method is widely known among Sufis, but has not been widely used in the context of hadith criticism. One of the Sufi figures who had a focus on the Kashf method was Ibn Arabi. This study is a literature review by analyzing documents derived from Ibn Arabi and experts related to the Kashf method. Data is analyzed by applying descriptive analytical methods and using philosophy of science to determine the validity of the Kashf Method as a method of criticism of Hadith. This study shows that the Kashf method is a mu'tabar (authoritative) method for Sufi scholars and is also recognized by some Hadith experts. According to Zabid al-Jabiri in the treasures of Islamic philosophy, there are three models of methodology of thought, namely bayani, burhani, and irfani. Kashf method includes the irfani model. irfani can be interpreted as the disclosure of knowledge obtained through irradiation of essence by God to His servant (Kashf) after doing spiritual practice (riyâdlah) done on the basis of love. Therefore, the Kashf method is one of the valid methods for determining the validity of hadith.