Types Of Habitus Research Articles

Manifestations of social class and agency in cultural capital development processes

Purpose While migrant women entrepreneurs (MWE) have been studied extensively through the lenses of gender and ethnicity, social class, as an axis of difference, received scant attention in entrepreneurship and migrant enterprise literature. The purpose of this paper is to make an intersectional analysis on migrant women’s cultural capital development processes on the basis of not only gender and ethnicity, but also class relations. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on empirical insights generated through listening to the life story narratives of 17 women entrepreneurs from Turkey. This is a small, yet diverse group consisting of women who followed their male kin who have migrated to Sweden in the late 1960s as a labour force, and of highly educated political refugee women who have migrated to Sweden following the military coup in Turkey in the 1980s. Findings By linking pre-migration and post-migration lives through Bourdieusian class analysis, the analysis yielded three distinct types of habitus of the women-intersectional identity constructed through interweaving of certain historical and cultural practices and conditions, labelled as women (immigrant) entrepreneurs, migrant (women) entrepreneurs and hybrid entrepreneurs. Life stories demonstrated the ways the MWE relationally defined, and in turn, contested being the right kind of entrepreneur drawing on their type of habitus and forms of cultural capital within the rules of the game in the specific context of entrepreneurship. Originality/value This study shows how MWE generate diverse, yet at times similar, but historically and culturally conditioned responses in actively shaping the relationship between entrepreneurial resources and context-specific structural powers and aspects. This way, the study calls for enriching the extant debate on migrant women entrepreneurship in two ways. First, it suggests that the strategic fit between resources and opportunities does not entail an automatic and arbitrary process. Rather, it takes an effort and contestation carried out by the entrepreneurial actors, among whom the individual entrepreneur is the primary actor. In particular, it draws attention to the conditions of possibilities for agency as a result of struggle and intersectional power relations: social class, ethnicity and gender, which provide a differential degree of powers to the individual entrepreneur.

Distribution of Ficus in Way Canguk, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung

Abstract. Prabowo DA, Mirmanto E, Manurung BS. 2019. Distribution of figs in Way Canguk, Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung. Proc. Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 5: 155-164. Ficus is one of an important controler plants in over time process of forest ecology, so that it is widely used by many wildlife around it. The purpose of this study was observed the figs distribution of each habitus in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. This research was done by line transect method which is conducted in May 2018 at Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung, Indonesia. We found 318 individuals of 32 Ficus species, consisting of 173 stranglers (23 species), 95 trees (6 species), 17 stakes (5 species), 17 seedlings (6 species), 4 creepers (2 species), and 4 lianas (1 species). According to each habitus, we found that F. altissima with the Importance Value Index (IV) of 51.79 occurred for strangler figs group. F. hispida has the highest importance value for trees group (88.93) and seedlings group (58.67). In addition, there was F. fistulosa has the highest important value for stakes group (98.06). Meanwhile, lianas and creepers are only counted individually. There was only F. depressa and F. globosa that have 3 types of habitus.

Development and validation of a method to estimate body weight in critically ill children using length and mid-arm circumference measurements: The PAWPER XL-MAC system.

Erroneous weight estimation during the management of emergency presentations in children may contribute to patient harm and poor outcomes. The PAWPER (Paediatric Advanced Weight Prediction in the Emergency Room) XL tape is an accurate length-based, habitus-modified weight estimation device, but is vulnerable to errors if subjective visual assessments of children's body habitus are incorrect or erratic. Mid-arm circumference (MAC) has previously been used as a surrogate indicator of habitus, and the objective of this study was to determine whether MAC cut-off values could be used to predict habitus scores (HSs) to create an objective and standardised weight estimation methodology, the PAWPER XL-MAC method. The PAWPER XL-MAC model was developed by creating MAC ranges for each HS in each weight segment of the tape. This model was validated against two samples, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey datasets and data from two previous PAWPER tape studies. The primary outcome measure was to achieve >70% of estimations within 10% of measured weight (PW10 >70%) and >95% within 20% of measured weight (PW20 >95%) for children aged 0 - 18 years. The PAWPER XL-MAC model achieved very high accuracy in the three validation datasets (PW10 79.2%, 79.0% and 81.9%) and a very low critical error rate (PW20 98.5%, 96.0% and 98.0%). This accuracy was maintained across all ages and in all habitus types, except for the severely obese. The PAWPER XL-MAC model proved to be a very accurate, fully objective, standardised system in this study. It has the potential to be accurate across a wide variety of populations, even when used by those not experienced in visual assessment of habitus.

De la comunicación no verbal al acto de mediación: „el habitus” en interpretación durante la conquista de América

From non-verbal communication to the act of mediation: The habitus in interpretation during the conquestand colonization of AmericaThis article describes the origin and evolution of linguistic and cultural mediation in America. The concept of habitus in interpretation is used to describe the communication between different peninsular communities during the 15th century and the exploration of the African coasts. The first type of habitus in interpretation in America is established on the basis of the figure of the Alfaqueque and the so-called silent communication of the Portuguese explorers so as to compare them later on with the first communicative exchanges that occur between the conquerors and the Native American population. It can be deduced from the Chronicles of the conquest and of the American colonization that the habitus in interpretation is born from an act of violence and from a discourse about the Other based on the Western superiority both in faith and in culture.

Understanding national identity: Between culture and institutions

This article aims at sketching a synthetic and original approach to decrypt the process of the formation of national identities. The theoretical framework proposed tries to combine different perspectives of nationhood (‘from above’ versus ‘from below’, constructivist versus performative and so on), which may appear to be contradictory but can be actually complete each other in a heuristic and novel way. The process of nationhood is explained within two major interactions. The first refers to the relationship between the materiality and practices of everyday life, on the one hand, and the engendered representations and symbolic patterns, on the other hand; the second focuses on the inputs provided by communication systems and the motivations/strategies of the social agents. The first dimension refers to the referential aspect of national identity, while the second dimension raises the issue of power (the role of institutions, devices and strategies) underlying its formation. This model also aims at establishing a research agenda for the study of national identities in all their complexities and dimensions. An example is presented to showcase its heuristic value. A comparative study of two LinkedIn migrant groups illustrates how different types of habitus, linked to social structures, engender, when transformed into meaning through specific communication processes, distinct patterns of thought about nationhood.

Metaphors of Work-based Vocational Education for Residential Care Workers

Within an ethnographic study of effects of organisational cultures on work-based learning, two students’ practice portfolios and interviews were analysed applying Bourdieu’s theoretical tools. Analysis pointed to two types of habitus, one being characterised by the student’s propensity to immerse herself in the “lifespace” of her local community and to cultivate a sense of belonging and trust, and the other by a disposition on the other student’s part to establish “boundaries” in her interaction with colleagues and to attain a “balcony view” of the turbulent events in the wider organisation. Metaphors used by the students in their writing indicated transformation of students’ habitus on their trajectories through the organisational fields.

Does the Habit Make the Nun? A Case Study of Heloise's Influence on Abelard's Ethical Philosophy

AbstractA careful reading of Heloise's letters reveals both her contribution to Abelard's ethical thought and the differences between her ethical concerns and his. In her letters, Heloise focuses on the innate moral qualities of the inner person or animus. Hypocrisy—the misrepresentation of the inner person through false outer appearance, exemplified by the potentially deceitful religious habit or habitus—is a matter of great moral concern to her. When Abelard responds to Heloise's ideas, first in his letters to her and later in his Collationes and Scito te ipsum, he turns the discussion away from her original interests. He transforms her metaphor of the habitus as false appearance into a discussion of another type of habitus, the habitual process of acquiring virtue, and integrates her focus on the animus into his developing ideas about sin as intention. Examining the differences between Heloise's ethical thought and Abelard's allows us to appreciate the distinct contributions of both.

Habitus Diversity of Ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the Steppe Zone of the Southern Urals and the South of Western Siberia

In the ladybird fauna of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals and the south of Western Siberia, five variants, three forms, and two habitus types of adult beetles are distinguished, and their hierarchy is established. The habitus diversity of ladybirds is revealed using a new method of describing each form in a polar system of coordinates whose center coincides with the center of gravity of the insect body. The system of ladybird habitus reflects the main directions of trophic specialization in the family.

HABITUS OF PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE SICKLE CELL ANEMIA OF LONG DURATION

In many disease states the general physical characteristics of the patient aid the examiner in making an etiologic diagnosis. In acromegaly, cretinism or myxedema, achrondroplasia, pituitary basophilism, mongolism, adiposogenital dystrophy, rickets and many other conditions valuable information can be obtained by observation of the nude subject. Patients with longstanding active sickle cell anemia have a fairly characteristic habitus¹which may be considered typical of the disease. In several instances the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia was suspected on inspection of the nude subject by physicians familiar with the sickle cell anemia type of habitus. In these instances subsequent hanging drop preparations showing sickling and positive diagnostic parameters²indicated the correctness of these observations. The purpose of this paper is to point out the characteristics of the habitus of patients with sickle cell anemia of long duration and to discuss some of the factors which contribute to its production.

The Mobility of the Antrum, Pylorus, Duodenum, and Gall Bladder in Health and Disease: the Influence of Mobility in the Functioning of These Organs in the Biliary Tract

IN order to discuss this subject intelligently, it is necessary to give a detailed description of the method of suspension of the organs of the upper right quadrant which permits their mobility, and also, why mobility is necessary for the proper functioning of these organs. The peculiar method of their suspension also explains why these organs can assume such varied locations in the abdomen. It is a matter of everyday observation by roentgenologists and surgeons that the location of the stomach, pylorus, cap, and gall bladder varies with different types of habitus. In the sthenic types, the organs lie high and the gall bladder some distance from the midline; in the asthenic types, the organs lie low and the gall bladder nearer the midline. The gall bladder is attached to the liver and partakes of its mobility. Gray's “Anatomy” states: “The position of the pylorus in the erect living body of the male varies from 14.5 cm. above to 8 cm. below and in the female from 15 cm. above to 2.5 cm. below the interiliac line. The range of position in regard to the sagittal axis of the erect body varies in males from 8.8 cm. to the right to 2 cm. to the left of the axis. In 84 per cent it is to the right of the axis. In females the position ranges from 6 cm. to the right to 2.6 cm. to the left of the sagittal axis. In 89.5 per cent it is to the right. The most common position in both males and females is from 2.5 cm. to 5 cm. to the right.” The first portion of the duodenum or cap is covered by peritoneum and, consequently, is freely movable. It begins at the pylorus and ends at the neck of the gall bladder. Gray's “Anatomy” states: “It is in such close relation to the gall bladder that it is usually found stained by bile after death, especially on its anterior surface.” The stomach is covered with peritoneum anteriorly and posteriorly, thus allowing complete mobility. It is continuous with the esophagus at its upper extremity, and has a fairly rigid attachment at this point. From here, the stomach is suspended to the diaphragm and liver by the lesser omentum. Gray's “Anatomy” describes this attachment as follows: “The lesser omentum (or gastrohepatic omentum) is the duplicature which extends to the liver from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the commencement of the duodenum. It is extremely thin, and is continuous with two layers of peritoneum which cover, respectively, the antero-superior and postero-inferior surfaces of the stomach and first part of the duodenum. When these two layers reach the lesser curvature of the stomach and the upper border of the duodenum, they join together and ascend as a double fold to the porta of the liver; to the left of the porta the fold is attached to the bottom of the fossa for the ductus venosus, along which it is carried to the diaphragm, where the two layers separate to embrace the end of the esophagus.

Characteristic electrocardiograms and roentgenograms in arterial hypertension: Their prognostic significance

The electrocardiographic and teleroentgenographic records of 152 patients with hypertension have been studied. The general mortality among these patients, covering a follow-up of three years, was 18 per cent. Seventy-four per cent of the patients showed left axis deviation in the electrocardiogram. This is therefore a common change in hypertension cases. However, it does not necessarily indicate a left ventricular hypertrophy by x-ray picture. The next most common finding was a combination of left axis deviation with T-wave inversion in the first lead. This occurred in 36 per cent of the cases. The mortality rate in this group was 27 per cent. Every case of T-wave inversion in the first lead was associated with left axis deviation. The high-voltage electrocardiogram in hypertension was present in 22 per cent of all the cases. Among these patients the mortality was high—40 per cent. This electrocardiogram, when pure aortic insufficiency is not present, appears to be characteristic of long-standing hypertension. A gradual change in the size, shape, and position of the left ventricle probably accounts for the electrocardiographic findings. Of 106 patients in whom teleroentgenograms were taken, 78 per cent belonged to the so-called sthenic or hypersthenic types of habitus. The hypertension roentgenogram, characteristic of long-standing hypertension, shows an enlarged heart, an hypertrophied left ventricle, and an apparently dilated but actually tortuous aorta, with a prominent aortic knob. The left ventricle appeared hypertrophied on the roentgenogram in 48 per cent of the patients. In each case a left axis deviation was present in the electrocardiogram. The ascending aorta was apparently widened in 32 per cent of the cases. Accurately speaking the aorta is not widened but is tortuous. The “high-voltage electrocardiogram” or the “hypertension roentgenogram” may be the only existing evidence of a previously long-standing hypertension.