Smoking Habits Research Articles

Bullying Victimization as an Adverse Experience for Psychosocial Adjustment among Irish Adolescents

AbstractThis study investigates the long-term effects of victimization from middle adolescence to late adolescence and early adulthood, examining emotional and behavioral problems, peer relationships, and smoking habits and sleeping difficulties. The study also explores how these outcomes can persist into early adulthood, taking into consideration early victimization experiences, gender, cognitive ability, and family social class. The total sample included 7525 participants, spanning the ages of 13, 17, and 20, from the Child Cohort of the Growing Up in Ireland study (48.9% male). The path analysis model suggests that victimization is associated with behavioral problems at age 17, and it is also linked to emotional problems and sleeping difficulties at both ages 17 and 20. Additionally, sleeping difficulties, smoking habits, and indices of emotional and behavioral adjustment exhibit some stability between ages 13 and 17, as well as 17 and 20. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Low-Level Respirable Crystalline Silica and Silicosis: Long-Term Follow-Up of Vermont Granite Workers.

The lifetime risk of silicosis associated with low-level occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica remains unclear because most previous radiographic studies included workers with varying exposure concentrations and durations. This study assessed the prevalence of silicosis after lengthy exposure to respirable crystalline silica at levels ≤ 0.10 mg/m3. Vermont granite workers employed any time during 1979-1987 were traced and chest radiographs were obtained for 356 who were alive in 2017 and residing in Vermont. Work history, smoking habits and respiratory symptoms were obtained by interview, and exposure was estimated using a previously developed job-exposure matrix. Associations between radiographic findings, exposure, and respiratory symptoms were assessed by ANOVA, chi-square tests and binary regression. Fourteen workers (3.9%) had radiographic evidence of silicosis, and all had been employed ≥30 years. They were more likely to have been stone cutters or carvers and their average exposure concentrations and cumulative exposures to respirable crystalline silica were significantly higher than workers with similar durations of employment and no classifiable parenchymal abnormalities. This provides direct evidence that workers with long-term exposure to low-level respirable crystalline silica (≤0.10 mg/m3) are at risk of developing silicosis.

Differences in clinical features according to survival and gender in patients admitted for cardiac arrest

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements None. Introduction Cardiac arrest (CA) is a condition with poor vital and neurological prognosis. Although there are widely known clinical features modifying prognosis –such as time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and neuron-specific enolase values-, there is uncertainty around whether gender, ischemic etiology or classic cardiovascular risk factors may influence in the management and prognosis. Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in baseline characteristics and management between survivors and non survivors, among patients admitted for CA in an Intensive Cardiac Care Unit. Methods A prospective unicentric registry was performed from January 2010 to December 2021, including all consecutive cardiac arrest patients admitted to an intensive cardiac care unit of a university hospital. Patients were classified into survivors –to hospital discharge- and non-survivors –deceased during hospital admission, irrespective of time of death. Univariate analysis were performed using Chi-square and Student t tests, and logistic regression was used for a multivariate analysis to compare both groups. Results A total of 324 patients were included, mean age 59.7 (DE 12.2) years, 17.9% were women. In-hospital mortality was 42% (136 patients) and 188 patients survived to hospital discharge. Survivors were significantly younger (mean of 57,37 vs 62,98 years) and had less prevalence of diabetes (17 vs 33%) and previous myocardial infarction (15 vs 25%) than non-survivors. Among survivors, there was a higher prevalence of in-hospital CA (26,6 vs 12,5%), CA due to acute coronary syndrome (68,62 vs 57,78%) and shockable first rhythm (90,43 vs 72,06%). They also had shorter ROSC (mean 22,13 vs 34,25 minutes) and no flow times (mean 2,54 vs 5,67 minutes). Gender, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking habit did not modify prognosis. When comparing genders, women had significantly less prevalence of smoking habit and previous ischemic heart disease, their time to ROSC was lower and they received less coronary angiographies than men. The multivariate analysis showed significant in-hospital mortality risk increase with age (OR 1,04 per year), ROSC (OR 1,04 per minute) and no-flow (OR 1,09 per minute) times, out of hospital CA (OR 2,26) and non shockable rhythm. Conclusions In a consecutive cohort of 324 patients admitted after cardiac arrest, survivors were significantly younger, and had less prevalence of diabetes mellitus and previous myocardial infarction. In-hospital arrest, shockable rhythm, and shorter ROSC and no-flow times were associated with better survival. No differences in survival were found between genders, although women had significantly shorter resuscitation times.Univariate analysisMultivariate analysis

Real-World Safety and Outcome of First-Line Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for Metastatic NSCLC with PDL-1 Expression ≥ 50%: A National Italian Multicentric Cohort ("PEMBROREAL" Study).

Results from the phase III Keynote-024 clinical trial established pembrolizumab monotherapy as the first-line standard of care for patients with metastatic NSCLC who have PD-L1 expression ≥ 50%, EGFR, and ALK wild-type tumors. However, given the differences between patients treated in routine clinical practice and those treated in a clinical trial, real-world data are needed to confirm the treatment benefit in standard practice. Given the lack of data on large cohorts of patients with long follow-ups, we designed an observational retrospective study of patients with metastatic NSCLC who were treated with pembrolizumab, starting from its reimbursement eligibility until December 2020. The primary endpoints were PFS and OS, determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Response and safety were also evaluated. We followed 880 patients (median follow-up: 35.1 months) until February 2022. Median PFS and OS were 8.6 months (95% CI: 7.6-10.0) and 25.5 months (95% CI: 21.8-31.6), respectively. We also found that ECOG PS, PD-L1 expression, and habitual smoking were prognostic factors for PFS, while age, sex, ECOG PS, habitual smoking and histology had an impact on OS. Multivariable analysis confirms the prognostic role of PD-L1 for PFS and of ECOG for both PFS and OS. 39.9% of patients reported an adverse event, but only 6.3% of patients discontinued therapy due to toxicity. Our results suggest a long-term benefit of pembrolizumab in the first-line setting, as well as a safety profile consistent with the results of Keynote-024. Many collected variables appear to influence clinical outcome, but results from these exploratory unadjusted analyses should be interpreted with caution.

Women’s Empowerment and its Relationship to Intimate Partner Violence in Palpa District, Lumbini, Nepal

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) violates women's human rights and is a major public health concern. Intimate relationship violence or non-partner sexual assault affects about one in three (30%) women worldwide at some point in their lives. These types of violence harm women's sexual, emotional, physical, and reproductive health. This kind of abuse against women is preventable. Women's empowerment encompasses six common qualities: psychological, political, legal, economic, physical, and social empowerment, encompassing various aspects of life. Objectives: To assess the relationship between women’s empowerment and intimate partner violence. To identify the prevalence and contributing factors of intimate partner violence among married women. Materials and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted for the study. The sample size was 352 and a purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected by face-to-face interviews using per-tested questionnaire during April, May, June, and July 2023. Questionnaire related to Socio-demographic information, Standard valid tool Conflict Tactics Scale tools (CTS) were used as instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 22. Results: Out of 352 respondents, nearly half (43.2%) were between the ages of 30 and 39. Half of the respondents (50.3%) had low decision-making levels. Likewise, the lowest proportion of the respondents (16.2%) had a moderate level. More than half of the respondents (58.5%) had a low level of empowerment, whereas only 3.4% of the respondents had a high level of empowerment. Regarding violence, physical was 20.2%, sexual was 24.1%, emotional was 33.2%, controlling behavior was 53.7%, and overall intimate partner violence was 68.5%. There is a statistically significant relationship between intimate partner violence and women’s age (p =<0.010*), duration of marriage (p=<0.009*), socioeconomic class (p = <0.01*), member of the organization (p = 0.005*), bank account (p=0.006*), empowerment (p = 0.020*), husband's alcohol habit (p = <0.01*), and husband's smoking habit (p = <0.01*). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that more empowered women had less experience with intimate partner violence, whereas less empowered women had more experience with emotional, sexual, and physical abuse, as well as dominating actions from their close relationships. Having children, household decision-making, and property ownership had no noticeable effect on the prevalence of intimate relationship violence. The likelihood of intimate relationship violence was not significantly impacted by having children, making decisions, or possessing property.

Association between age at diagnosis and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study.

It is unclear whether type 2 diabetes diagnosed in young adulthood is associated with increased severity than that occurring later in life beyond longer lifetime exposure to hyperglycemia. This study aimed at assessing the independent association of age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis with all-cause mortality. This prospective cohort study enrolled 15,773 Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes in 19 Italian centers in 2006-2008. Cardiometabolic risk profile and presence of complications and comorbidities were assessed at baseline and participants were stratified by quartiles of age at diabetes diagnosis. All-cause mortality was verified on 31 October 2015. Valid information on vital status was retrieved for 15,656 participants (99.3%). Patients in the lowest quartile had the longest diabetes duration, the worst glycemic control and the highest prevalence of insulin treatment, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and smoking habits. All complications were inversely associated with age at diabetes diagnosis after adjustment for age and sex, but not after further adjustment for diabetes duration. Percentages of death, Kaplan-Meier estimates, and unadjusted hazard ratios and mortality rates increased from the lowest to the highest quartile. In contrast, when adjusting for age and sex, participants falling in the lowest quartile, showed the highest mortality risk [hazard ratio 1.321 (95% confidence interval 1.196-1.460), P < 0.0001]. However, differences among quartiles disappeared after adjustment for diabetes duration, complications/comorbidities, or other cardiovascular risk factors. Type 2 diabetes onset in young adulthood is associated with increased mortality that is mainly driven by longer diabetes duration favoring the development of complications. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481, retrospectively registered 15 July, 2008.

Analysis of Dominant Risk Factors for Stroke Incidence and Unhealthy Lifestyle at Sidomulyo Pekanbaru Health Center

The introduction of health in the community is not only seen in the health sector but also must be seen in all sectors that influence health problems. Generally, there are two kinds of causes of stroke. The first is a blockage of the arteries, called ischemic stroke, while the second cause is rupture of blood vessels, or stroke ischemic, while the second cause is a rupture of blood vessels called a hemorrhagic stroke. Other causes of stroke can be a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, commonly referred to as an ischemic attack (TIA). These three conditions have a series of potential factors that trigger stroke. Hemorrhagic. Other causes of stroke can be a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, commonly referred to as an ischemic attack (TIA). These three conditions have a series of potential factors that trigger stroke. The study employed the Spearman rank correlation test method to investigate the relationship between smoking habits, alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, and the occurrence of stroke. It involved 41 respondents from the Sidomulyo Health Center's jurisdiction. The findings revealed a significant association between smoking habits and stroke, as indicated by a significance value of 0.007, which is less than the threshold of 0.05. Similarly, there was a significant relationship observed between alcohol consumption and stroke, with a significance value of 0.016. However, the analysis showed no significant correlation between lack of physical activity and stroke, as the significance value of 0.446 exceeded the threshold of 0.05.

Evaluating the sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle parameters, depression, quality of life, cognitive status, physical activity, and Mediterranean diet adherence of older adults in pre- and post-Covid-19 periods: a comparative cross-sectional study

Ojective: Covid-19 pandemic has exerted deleterious effects on several aspect of mental health worldwide. The detrimental medical complications, the increased prevalence of morbidity and the rapid international spread of Covid-19 have resulted in urgent public health concerns and political measures across the world. This comparative, cross-sectional study aims to assess the changes that were established in sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle parameters and several aspects of mental health of older adults due to Covid-19 pandemic by comparing the pre-Covid period with the post-Covid period. Methods: Qualified questionnaires were applied for assessing the prevalence of depression, quality of life, cognitive status, and Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence, as well as sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle parameters in 3388 older adults in the pre- and post-Covid period. Results: Covid-19 pandemic independently affected type of residence, smoking habits, BMI and WHR status, risk of depression, quality of life, cognitive status, physical activity levels, and MD adherence. Conclusions: Covid −19 pandemic has exerted persistent detrimental effects on daily quality of life and mental health of older adults in the post-Covid period. Future strategies and public policies should develop healthcare programs to provide psychological and nutritional counseling and support to older adults to minimize the detrimental effects of Covid pandemic.

The expression of salivary EGF, VEGF, endothelin, and transferrin in waterpipe and cigarette smokers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two forms of tobacco smoking, cigarettes and water pipe smoking (WPS), on the expression of a panel of salivary proteins in healthy adults. Three groups of age and gender-matched participants were enrolled in the study: never-smokers, cigarette smokers and WPS (N = 55 per group). Expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin and transferrin in unstimulated whole saliva was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Statistical analysis consisted of one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests, in addition to bioinformatics analysis. VEGF expression was the least in WPS (51.1 ± 14.5 pg/ml) compared to both controls (150.1 ± 13.8 pg/ml) and cigarette smokers (93 ± 9.9 pg/ml), with a significant difference in WPS (p < 0.001) and cigarette smokers (p < 0.01) compared to controls. Furthermore, transferrin showed the weakest expression in the WPS group (1238 ± 261.4 pg/ml) compared to controls (2205.6 ± 298.6 pg/ml) (p = 0.05) and cigarette smokers (1805.4 ± 244 pg/ml). Neither EGF nor endothelin expression showed any statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Gene-gene interaction network demonstrated that FLT1, TFRC, KDR, VEGFB and PGF genes had the highest potential for interaction with the studied proteins. Further functional annotations on the identified markers in the interaction network were performed to identify HIF-1 pathways among the most relevant pathways. In conclusion, smoking habits alter the expression of salivary VEGF and transferrin, which may correspond to early sub-clinical changes in the oral mucosa. The clinical relevance of these salivary changes requires further research.

Healthy eating among people on opioid agonist therapy: a qualitative study of patients’ experiences and perspectives

People with substance use disorders often have unhealthy diets, high in sweets and processed foods but low in nutritious items like fruits and vegetables, increasing noncommunicable disease risks. This study investigates healthy eating perceptions and barriers among individuals with opioid use disorder undergoing opioid agonist therapy. Interviews with 14 participants at opioid agonist therapy clinics in Western Norway, using a semi-structured guide and systematic text condensation for analysis, reveal that most participants view their diet as inadequate and express a desire to improve for better health. Barriers to healthy eating included oral health problems, smoking habits, and limited social relations, while economic factors were less of a concern for the participants. Participants did find healthy eating easier when they were in social settings. This study underscores the importance of understanding and addressing these barriers and facilitators to foster healthier eating patterns in this population, potentially enhancing overall health and well-being.

Enhanced Myocardial Infarction Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Gender-Specific Insights

A serious medical condition called myocardial infarction (MI), sometimes referred to as a "heart attack," is caused by disruptions in the blood supply to the myocardium. This research examines the efficacy of machine learning (ML) algorithms in forecasting myocardial infarction (MI) using a dataset of 350 records. The study identifies key risk factors for predicting myocardial infarction (MI), such as elevated cholesterol levels, diabetes, advanced age, overall health status, mental well-being, obesity, physical activity, smoking habits, hypertension, and depression. Significantly, gender does not manifest as a predictor of myocardial infarction (MI) when employing various classification methods. The research achieves high accuracy rates of 89.32%, 87.53%, 81.29%, and 76.59% using different machine learning algorithms, including Deep Belief Network (DBN), C4.5, Random Forest (RF), and Bayesian Network (BN), respectively. Algorithm-specific rule sets identify correlations, with the C4.5 algorithm revealing interesting connections between smoking habits and protection against myocardial infarction (MI). Performance metrics like accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity attest to the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the DBN algorithm, surpassing other algorithms in terms of accuracy (89.32%), precision (84.04%), sensitivity (86.63%), and specificity (82.45%). This paper provides crucial insights into predictive modeling for myocardial infarction (MI), highlighting the importance of various risk factors and advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms. The results offer clinicians and researchers a strong foundation for comprehending and potentially averting myocardial infarction, relying on personalized patient profiles. This paper has the potential to significantly contribute to the field by applying ensemble classifiers and machine learning models to forecast gender-specific myocardial infarctions. As a result, diagnostic precision and patient outcomes could be revolutionized.

Perceptions of Tobacco Price Policy among Students from Sapienza University of Rome: Can This Policy Mitigate Smoking Addiction and Its Health Impacts?

Tobacco use is one of the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Avoiding youth initiation and treating addiction are fundamental public health issues to ensure better health. Among tobacco control policies, increasing tobacco price is the single most effective intervention. It reduces tobacco consumption, especially among youths, while representing a government financing source. This study aimed to assess the agreement with the proposal of a one-euro increase in tobacco price earmarked to health issues among students at Sapienza University. Two convenience samples were surveyed, five years apart, on World No Tobacco Days. Smoking habits, agreement with the proposal and reasons for it were collected. Results from the 208 questionnaires (107 in 2014, 101 in 2019) showed 46.6% of agreement with the proposal (53.3% in 2014, 39.2% in 2019, p = 0.044). Main predictive factor for agreement was being a non-smoker (OR = 6.33 p < 0.001), main reason (64.8%) was it could trigger smokers to quit or reduce consumption. Several factors might have influenced this finding, including the introduction of novel tobacco products and their increased advertisement on social media. In 2024, European Union is planning to update the Tobacco Taxation Directive which could greatly contribute to the reduction of non-communicable diseases and premature deaths.

Abstract PO5-08-02: Endocrine Disruptors and Life STILe in Patients Carrying BRCA Pathogenic VAriants With Breast and/or Ovarian CAncer and Women Without Neoplasm: the STILVARCA study

Abstract Background. Pathogenetic variants (PVs) in the BRCA1/2 genes can be found in 20% of patients with breast (BC) or/and ovarian (OC) cancers. In subjects carrying PVs in these genes, the absence of repair of damage to the DNA double helix causes its accumulation favoring neoplasm development. Exposure to environmental pollutants (e.g. Cadmium (Cd), through contaminated food and drinking water, cigarette smoke, dust and fumes inhalation) may play a role in the development of BC and OC. Cd acts as an “endocrine disruptor” through its binding to the estrogen receptor, promoting cell proliferation and increase in mutation rate. Individual lifestyle habits may be associated with cancer onset and progression in these patients. Our aim was to evaluate the interference of environmental factors in the development of BC and/or OC in women carrying PVs in BRCA1/2 genes. Methods. We conducted an observational, multicentric, case-control, retrospective study of patients with PV in BRCA1/2 genes and with BC, OC, or both diagnosed from 2012 to 2020 (Group 1, G1), or without cancer (Group 2, G2). 89 patients (82.4%) developed BC, 17 (15.8%) OC, and 2 (1.8%) experienced both BC and OCs. We collect data about demographics, body mass index (BMI), occupation (divided in employed, educative professions/students, healthcare professions, unemployed/retired and other), type of BRCA mutation (mBRCA), smoking habits (SH), pack/year index, estroprogestinic (EP) use and duration, adherence to Mediterranean diet (with PREDIMED questionnaire) and physical activity (using IPAQ questionnaire). Fisher's exact test and Anova were used to compare patient’s features among the two group. A univariate and multivariable model were fitted to investigate the relationship between adherence to Mediterranean diet, physical activity, Cd exposure through smoking habits (SH), EP use, and cancer development. Results. We evaluated 208 patients, 108 (51.9%) in Group 1 and 100 (48.1%) in Group 2. Table 1 shows ed the features of enrolled patients. 128 (61.5%) had a mBRCA1, 80 (38.5%) a mBRCA2. Analysis of the two groups revealed significative differences in age (47.2 vs 35.6years in G1 and G2, respectively; p&amp;lt; .001), SH (38.9% in G1 and 20.0% in G2; p=.002), EP use (36.1% in G1 and 21.0% in G2; p=.021), and occupation (office workers develop cancer more easily, while professions associated with education/students have a lower possibility of developing cancer). No difference was found regarding pack/year index, EP intake duration, adherence to Mediterranean diet, and physical activity. At univariate analysis, predictive factors for cancer incidence were: SH (OR 2.545; 95% CI 1.363 – 4.752 - p=.003); EP use (OR 2.126; 95% CI 1.143 – 3.957 - p=.017); adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR 1.500; 95% CI 1.016 – 2.215 – p=.041). No relationship was found with BMI, occupation and physical activity. At multivariable analysis, SH (OR 2.606; 95% CI 1.370 – 4.959 - p=.004), EP use (2.340; 95% CI 1.224 – 4.474 - p=.010), and adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR 1.544; 95% CI 1-027 – 2.320 – p=.037) were predictive of cancer development. Conclusion. In this preliminary analysis, the risk of development of BC or/and OC in patients with BRCA mutation was influenced by SH, EP use, and adherence to Mediterranean diet. Many environmental factors seem to play a role in the carcinogenesis of mBRCA VP patients. Paths of lifestyle education are highly recommended in BRCAm-carrying women. Table 1. Characteristics of enrolled patients Citation Format: Antonio Franco, Alessandro Rossi, Daniela Andreina Terribile, Emanuela Lucci Cordisco, Ida Paris, Margherita Muratore, Elena Florio, Vanda Salutari, Francesco Pavese, Federica Francesca L'Erario, Antonella Palazzo, Enrico Di Guglielmo, Giulia Borghesiani, Ludovica Cardinali, Elisabetta Ferretti, Giovanni Terrana, Diana Giannarelli, Giovanni Scambia, Silvia Migliaccio, Alessandra Fabi. Endocrine Disruptors and Life STILe in Patients Carrying BRCA Pathogenic VAriants With Breast and/or Ovarian CAncer and Women Without Neoplasm: the STILVARCA study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-08-02.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Penile Cancer in Karangasem Regency, Indonesia, 2020-2022

Background: Indonesia reported 1,143 penile carcinoma cases from 2004 to 2013. Bali reported the highest age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in 2004-2013. Method: A quantitative descriptive retrospective study was conducted at Karangasem General Hospital and Balimed Karangasem Hospital. Results: This study involved 29 patients diagnosed with penile cancer in 2020-2022. The highest number of cases was found in 2020. Most cases were in the 60-69 year age-group (34.5%), with a low educational level (75.9%), a smoking habit (75.9%), no history of circumcision (100%), and squamous cell carcinoma (86.2%). The treatment was mainly partial penectomy (41.3%). Conclusion: The study found that the highest prevalence of penile cancer was 6.02 per 100,000 people in 2020.

Abstract PO5-27-04: The epidemiological profile and lifestyle of non-village indigenous women from Amazonas, Brazil and the likely impact on breast cancer mortality

Abstract Introduction: The high and growing incidence of breast cancer is a reality in almost every continent. However, the low mortality from this neoplasm among indigenous people of Amazonas, Brazil, is an intriguing fact (table 1). Inspite having a lower life expectancy at birth, the magnitude of low mortality is even greater. Indigenous women have gradually integrated into the non-indigenous community, and the reality of low mortality from breast cancer may be at risk of not existing in the future if the justification is in their reproductive epidemiological profile and lifestyle. Objective: This work seeks to find variables that can justify the fact that indigenous women from the Amazon region die less from breast cancer when compared to non-indigenous women. To achieve this, we evaluated reproductive epidemiological factors and lifestyle in non-village indigenous women and compared them with the same data in non-indigenous women. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study consisting of a convenience sample in which all indigenous people treated at the Mastology Outpatient Clinic of the Getúlio Vargas University Hospital of the Federal University of Amazonas were invited to participate from September 2020 to March 2023. There were 126 women: 39 non-village indigenous people who have lived in Manaus for more than 5 years and are integrated into society, 47 non-village indigenous people who live in riverside and interior populations of Amazonas - or in Manaus for less than 5 years - and 40 non-indigenous individuals. A questionnaire in interview format was administered with the objective of evaluating epidemiological and reproductive aspects such as age, education, BMI, menarche, parity, age at first pregnancy, breastfeeding, use of hormonal medications as well as lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, physical activity, use of herbs, roots and seeds for therapeutic purposes and practice of religious devotional habits. Results: There was no difference in age, BMI, education, menarche and parity between the interviewed patients, nor in the assessment of the consumption of milk, sugar, fruits, vegetables and legumes, smoking habits, alcohol intake or physical activity between the groups. Indigenous women living in Manaus had a lower age at first pregnancy when compared to non-indigenous women. The variable “breastfeeding time” did not reach statistical significance but demonstrated a very close index (p 0.058) and a tendency to suggest that indigenous people, regardless of their place of residence, breastfeed for a longer duration. Non-indigenous women had a longer history of using hormonal medications when compared to indigenous women living in Manaus. Regarding meat consumption habits, indigenous women living in riverside and interior populations showed higher percentages of sporadic consumption of beef, sporadic consumption of wild animals, and daily consumption of white meat compared to non-indigenous people. On the other hand, non-indigenous women had a higher percentage of never having consumed wild animal meat when compared to the two other groups. Among indigenous women from riverside populations, there was a lower percentage of religious practices. The consumption of herbs, roots or seeds for therapeutic purposes was more commonly observed among indigenous people living in Manaus when compared to non-indigenous people. Conclusion: No epidemiological or lifestyle variables were found in both groups of indigenous people that justify the low mortality from breast cancer in these women. However, although the variable “breastfeeding time” did not reach statistical significance, it demonstrated a very close index (p 0.058) and a tendency to suggest that indigenous people, regardless of their place of residence, breastfeed for a longer duration. This could be a potential explanation for the low mortality from this disease among indigenous women. Table 1: Participation of breast cancer deaths in the total number of deaths in women over 20 years of age in the State of Amazonas Source: prepared by researchers Table 2 - Menarch, parity (childbirth and miscarage), breastfeed, Family history of breast cancer, image exam Table 3: Red and white meat consumption Citation Format: Maria Riselda Vinhote Da Silva, Lilian Cristina De Souza Guimarães, Afonso Nazário, Mariana Guimaraes De Oliveira Castro. The epidemiological profile and lifestyle of non-village indigenous women from Amazonas, Brazil and the likely impact on breast cancer mortality [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-27-04.

Association between coffee and caffeine intake and risk of COPD: Findings based on NHANES 2007–2012

BackgroundThe association between coffee and caffeine intake and the risk of COPD and lung function has not been thoroughly discussed in Americans, with subgroup and threshold effects remaining unclear. ObjectivesThis study investigated the association between coffee and caffeine consumption and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as lung function utilizing data from the NHANES 2007–2012. MethodsWe assessed the associations of coffee and caffeine consumption with the risk of COPD and lung function parameters, including FEV1 and FVC, adjusting for common demographic and disease characteristics in a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data. ResultsA total of 9763 participants were included in the study, and 592 were diagnosed with COPD. Multivariate regression models revealed positive associations between coffee and caffeine consumption and the risk of COPD and lung function. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex, DM, hypertension status, and smoking habits identified potential effect modifiers as well as inflection points from threshold effect examinations. ConclusionsThe results of this cross-sectional study indicated significant positive correlations between coffee and caffeine consumption and the risk of COPD. Additionally, positive correlations between exposure variables and FEV1 and FVC were detected. Among the stratification factors, smoking status exhibited the most potential for modifying effects. Future practices and research are needed to validate the results and explore the underlying mechanisms

Performance of a cost-effective olfactory test to evaluate hyposmia in Parkinson's disease patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) causes motor and non-motor symptoms such as hyposmia, which is evaluated through olfactory tests in the clinical practice. To assess the feasibility of using the modified Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (mCCCRC) olfactory test and to compare its performance with the Sniffin' Sticks-12 (SS-12, Burghart Messtechnik GmbH, Wedel, Germany) test. A transversal case-control study in which the patients were divided into the PD group (PDG) and the control group (CG). The cost and difficulty in handling substances to produce the mCCCRC test kits were evaluated. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking habits, past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, self-perception of odor sense, and cognition through the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were also evaluated. The PDG was scored by part III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) and the Hoehn and Yahr Scale (H&Y) scale. Correlations were assessed through the Spearman rank correlation coefficient test (ρ, or rho). The mCCCRC test was easily manufactured and handled at a cost ten times lower compared with the SS-12. The groups (PDG: n = 34; CG: n = 38) were similar in terms of age, sex, level of schooling, smoking habits, and history of COVID-19. The tests results showed moderate correlation (rho = 0.65; p < 0.0001). The CG presented better cognitive performance and scored better in both tests (p < 0.0001). There was a tendency for a negative correlation with age, but good correlation with the MoCA (p = 0.0029). The results of the PDG group showed no correlation with olfactory results and motor performance or disease duration. The self-perception of hyposmia was low in both groups. The mCCCRC is an easy-to-apply and inexpensive method that demonstrated a similar performance to that of the SS-12 in evaluating olfaction in PD patients and healthy controls.

Predictive Factors for Successful Smoking Cessation in Tunisian Smokers, Sousse-Tunisia: 2015-2020.

Since 2009, the unit of smoking cessation at Sahloul University Hospital - Tunisia was founded. In this context, the objective of our study was to determine the factors associated with smoking cessation in Tunisian smokers. It was a descriptive prospective study over five-years-period 2015-2020. We included all patients who willingly came to the anti-smoking consultation of the Sahloul University hospital Sousse Tunisia. Data were collected during the consultation of all patients. We proceeded to a univariate and then multivariable analysis to identify the predictive factors of smoking cessation. Over 5 years, we included 450 patients, mainly males (91.3%). The average age of the consultants was 46 ±15.58 years. The average age of the first cigarette among our patients was 16.83± 4.34 years. The likelihood of smoking cessation was higher among males (p=0.004, OR=9.708), patients attending minimum 3 anti-smoking consultations (p<10-3, OR=5.714), patients benefiting from nicotine replacement therapy (p=0.034, OR=2.123), with high motivation score for smoking cessation (p=0.001, OR=1.980) and with an advanced age of the first cigarette (p<10-3, OR=1.096). However, the likelihood of smoking cessation was lower among coffee and alcohol consumers (p=0.002, OR=0.252) and smokers with less than 5 years smoking habit (p=0.011, OR=0.069). Although the decision to stop smoking is a personal one, it requires medical and psychological support as highlighted by our findings. Our study showed that assiduity and medical assistance for tobacco cessation increase smokers' chances of quitting.

Usability of serum AIM2 as a predictive biomarker of stroke-associated pneumonia and poor prognosis after acute supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage: A prospective longitudinal cohort study

BackgroundAbsent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is implicated in inflammatory processes. We measured serum AIM2 with intent to unveil its predictive significance for stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) and functional prognosis following acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, serum AIM2 concentrations of 163 ICH patients were gauged upon admission and 57 of them also consented for measurements at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14. Coupled with 57 individuals without health conditions, dynamic change of serum AIM2 levels were uncovered. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and hematoma volume were identified as the dual indicators of severity. Poststroke six-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores ranging from 3 to 6 indicated an unfavorable outcome. SAP was observed during the first seven days after ICH. Sequential univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to discern predictors of SAP and adverse prognosis. ResultsThe serum levels of AIM2 in patients exhibited a marked elevation upon admission, reaching peak levels on the third and fifth days, and remained notably elevated until day 14 compared to those of the control group. Serum AIM2 levels showed independent correlations with both NIHSS scores and the volume of hematoma. Additionally, AIM2 concentrations were independently associated with a poor prognosis and SAP at the six-month mark. Within the framework of restricted cubic spline analysis, serum AIM2 concentrations exhibited a linear correlation with the likelihood of developing SAP and experiencing a poor prognosis. In the context of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, serum AIM2 concentrations effectively differentiated risks of SAP and poor prognosis. By employing segmented analysis, serum AIM2 concentrations showed negligible interactions with several traditional variables, such as age, gender, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and more. The integrated model incorporating serum AIM2, NIHSS scores, and the volume of hematoma was depicted by employing a nomogram and demonstrated strong predictive performance for poor prognosis or SAP across various evaluation metrics, including ROC curve analysis, calibration curve analysis, and decision curve analysis. ConclusionSerum AIM2 levels show a marked increase shortly after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which may accurately reflect stroke severity, and effectively predict SAP and poor neurological outcomes, and therefore serum AIM2 stands out as an encouraging predictive indicator for ICH.

A ten-year literature review of oral malignant melanoma cases: A meta-analysis study

AimOral malignant melanoma (OMM) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumour arising from the proliferation of melanocytes and accounts for only 0.5 % of all oral malignancies. It is invasive and tends to metastasise. The aim of this study is to determine the patient profile of OMM and to provide information about the clinical features and treatment plans of the disease. Materials and MethodsThe Pubmed database was searched for OMM cases published as case reports in the last 10 years. The search was limited to English and open-access case reports. A total of 49 OMMs in 45 patients from 43 case reports were analyzed. In addition to the age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption habits of the patients, data on the signs and symptoms of OMM, location of the lesion, imaging modalities used in diagnosis and treatment, lymph node involvement, presence of metastasis, survival time, and treatment modalities were recorded. ResultsIn OMM cases, 18 (40 %) of the patients were female, 27 (60 %) were male, and the mean age was 53.13 ± 16.09 years. The most common symptom was "swelling" (n = 23, 33.8 %) and the most common finding was "hyperpigmentation" (n = 40, 24.4 %). The most common site of OMM was the maxilla (n = 21, 46.7 %). According to the rate of use of imaging modalities in the cases, it was determined that "advanced imaging modalities" were mostly used (n = 24, 53.3 %). It was determined that 22.2 % (n = 10) of the patients died within the first 5 years. Combined treatment (n = 21, 46.5 %) were mostly applied to the patients. ConclusionOMM is more common in the maxilla, in males and in the fifth decade of life, and advanced imaging modalities are most commonly used to detect the disease. Because of its poor prognosis, knowing the patient profile and common clinical features of OMM will increase the clinical awareness of physicians.