Individual Habits Research Articles

Virtual Communication Culture in the Post-Pandemic Era

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the form of communication the public carries. Changes in people’s communication culture in the use of virtual new media against the uncertainty in the pandemic era have caused the excessive circulation of messages and information, thus creating disinformation and misinformation through the internet and social media. This study aims to analyse changes in community communication in the post-pandemic era in a virtual space and mediated by new media in line with the increasing use of new media in the pandemic era. This research uses qualitative descriptive research methods, namely research that explores or photographs social contexts that will study. The data sources used to support this research are some of the previous research and related research obtained from the results of literature research. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has changed individual habits in society, forming a new culture of communication mediated by new media for media dependence.
 Keywords: new media, media dependency theory, digital literacy, COVID-19

Behavioral Changes in Patients With Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OnMarch 2, 2020, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was dedicated in Saudi Arabia. The government established partial quarantine, and all precautions were mandatory on March 23, 2020. This in turn forced people to spend more time at home, leading to changes in the physical activity and dietary habits of individuals. In this study, we aimed to assess the behavioral changes of Saudi diabetic individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and measure the effectiveness of the behavioral changes of Saudi diabetic individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic on the control of the glucose level. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire sent to diabetic patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants ranging from 18 years old and above of both genders were selected. Diabetic patients (type 1 and 2) were included. All collected data for this study were analyzed using Stata 17 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas, USA). A total of 223 people responded. For 45% of individuals, doctor visits significantly decreased (p<0.05), and the percentage of doctor visits also decreased for individuals who previously visited their doctor more regularly. Furthermore, the number of hours spent on tablets increased significantly during COVID-19 (p<0.05). Our findings demonstrate that there are no significant changes in lifestyle factors or glycemic control during the pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic year in individuals with diabetes. However, the rate of patient visits to the doctor was lower than pre-pandemic, with an increase in the rate of physical activity.

Do nutritional habits and supplement use affect health-related quality of life during social isolation period in the community of North Cyprus?

ABSTRACT The aim of study was to comprehensively investigate the effect of nutritional habits and supplement use on health-related quality of life during social isolation period. This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 418 participants (73.4% were women and 26.6% were men) participated in this study. Participants’ demographic information, nutritional habits, and quality of life were questioned, and anthropometric measurements were obtained. A significant difference was found in the main meal skipping status of individuals by age group. The consumption of milk, yoghurt, ayran, legumes, cereal products other than bread, vegetables, fruits, oilseeds, and snack foods was similar in both periods. Furthermore, frequencies of multivitamins, multiminerals, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, iron, calcium, omega-3, and probiotics were similar during and before the pandemic. A significant difference was found in scores obtained on the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) by age group. There was a significant difference in the quality of life scores by body mass index (BMI) groups. It was concluded that quality of life decreased due to the increase in body weight during pandemic period. The social isolation period did not make a clear difference in the nutritional habits of individuals and the use of nutritional supplements. When the main meal skipping situations were evaluated within the scope of nutritional habits, those who did not skip their main meal received the highest score on the QOLS.

An exploratory study on the perceptions of rabies and ill-health causations and health seeking behaviours of school children and local communities in southern Bhutan

BackgroundThe perception of illness and health-seeking behaviours, including rabies differ from one culture to another. Depending on the cultural setting of the society in which people live, the definition of the causal factors of illness may range from natural biological causes to supernational causes which greatly influence subsequent health-seeking behaviour. To ensure best health practices and plan effective health interventions for the control of dog-mediated-human rabies, we explored how school children and adult communities perceive and respond to illnesses, including rabies in southern Bhutan.MethodsWe collected quantitative data related to the causes of illness and health-seeking practices of school children using a questionnaire survey (QS). Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with older members of communities (≥ 18 years) that work closely with school children. Descriptive analysis was performed for the quantitative data and thematic analysis was performed for the qualitative data.ResultsThe participants during the FDGsand IDIshave linked the illnesses to past actions, spirits, energy channels, planetary movement, sorcery, black magic, food, physical or environmental factors, individual habits and social factors. The survey of the school children reported microorganisms (75%), past actions (16.8%), spirits (9.6%) and black magic (9.1%) as causal factors for illnesses. Health seeking behaviours reported by the participants included visiting hospitals, performing spiritual or religious rituals and local treatments. Similarly, school children also mentioned that illnesses can be treated by visiting hospitals (98%), performing rituals (59.1%), and seeking traditional treatments practices (18.8%). Both school children and adult members of the communities that we interviewed were well aware on the causes of rabies and need for allopathic treatments rather than seeking spiritual or local treatments.ConclusionThere is a need for the consideration of the socio-cultural context in the planning and implementation of health-related policies, including the rabies prevention programs in Bhutan, by involving traditional healers and religious entities with “One Health” public health sectors.

Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Review of Ocular Causes Among School and College Students

Introduction: According to the results of a survey published in 2022, mobile phone users have reached two-thirds (67.1%) of the world population. This number has increased by 1.8% over the past year, which is equivalent to 95 million new mobile users. However, gadgets are often misused and can cause a health problem called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This study aimed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of ocular CVS symptoms among school and college students. Discussion: This study was conducted using the literature review method. The main sources for this study were articles obtained through the selection process by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study showed that from a total of 1,763 articles found, 27 articles met the predetermined criteria. A total of 18 of the 27 articles (66.7%) had college student as respondents, and 24 of the 27 articles used cross-sectional research methods (88.9%). In this study, 16 CVS ocular symptoms were found. The risk factors for CVS were individual characteristics (students aged under 18 years and students aged 18–25 years, and gadget users with contact lenses or glasses), smartphone users, individual habits, and ambient lighting while operating gadgets. Conclusions: This study concludes that students are at risk of experiencing CVS if they do not support gadget use with habits such as implementing rest periods between activities using gadgets.

Relationship between the dietary behavior targets of Health Japan 21 (second term) and perceived food environment and health literacy

Objective The interim evaluation of Health Japan 21(second term), a national health promotion plan, suggested that improvements in the food environment did not lead to improvements in individual dietary habits. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the dietary behavior targets of Health Japan 21 (second term) and perceived food environment and health literacy.Method We conducted an online cross-sectional survey in March 2019 among adults aged 20-64 years. From the 9,667 registered monitors of the research firm, we collected 2,851 responses (29.5% response rate). The perceived food environment (how people perceive the local food environment) was estimated using the following six questions, namely, availability: easy access to nutritionally balanced meals, accessibility: no inconvenience in daily shopping, affordability: access to nutritionally balanced meals at reasonable prices, accommodation: easy access to food services within business hours, acceptability: satisfaction with the quality of food ingredients, and another form of acceptability: adequate food safety. Health literacy was evaluated using five questions related to information gathering, information selection, information transfer, information judgment, and self-determination. Last, we asked the respondents about two dietary behaviors, namely, the frequency of a balanced diet (defined as comprising the staple food, a main dish, and a side dish) and the quantity of vegetable intake, along with sociodemographic information. The analysis included 2,111 respondents, excluding those whose socioeconomic status was unknown. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between perceived food environment and health literacy on dietary behaviors, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors.Result A balanced diet was associated with the following perceptions of the food environment: "access to nutritionally balanced meals at reasonable prices" (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.37 [1.02, 1.82]; women), and "adequate food safety" (1.54 [1.19, 1.98]; men), and health literacy: "information gathering" (0.84 [0.73,0.97]; men) and "self-determination" (1.28 [1.10,1.50], 1.37 [1.14,1.63]; men, women). The quantity of vegetable intake was associated with the following perceptions of the food environment: "easy access to nutritionally balanced meals" (1.54 [1.15,2.06]; men), and "no inconvenience in daily shopping" (1.55 [1.12,2.15]; women), and health literacy: "information transfer" (1.30 [1.10,1.54]; men), and "self-determination" (1.67 [1.38,2.02]; women)).Conclusion To achieve a balanced diet and increased vegetable intake in a population, it is necessary to promote both the acquisition of a higher level of "self-determination" (rather than "information gathering") in health literacy and the creation of a heathy food environment.

Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pembelian Konsumen pada Restoran Cepat Saji

&#x0D; One of the foods that has a high level of consumption in Indonesia is a type of fast food or junk food. Restaurants that sell this food also have many customers of every age level from children to the elderly who are customers of fast food restaurants. This research was conducted to obtain results and knowledge about what factors can influence purchasing decisions and increase consumer buying interest in fast food in the current era. Comparative descriptive method is the method used in this study and uses a qualitative approach. This research was completed with the result that there are several factors that influence a purchase decision at a fast food restaurant, namely product information and conditions, product uniqueness, customer assumptions, product attractiveness, time, activity, product promotion mix, individual habits, and environmental factors. .&#x0D; Keywords: Fast Food Restaurant, Purchase Decision, Consumer Purchase Decision Factors.

Virtual Fitness Assistant Using Machine Learning

Artificial Intelligence plays a major role in modern healthcare and fitness domain by improving and enhancing individual exercise habits, tracking health behaviour, and analyzing repetitive exercise pattern and subsequently use the data to guide in fitness improvement. The thesis proposes, develops and evaluate a smart and effective AI solution based virtual gym assistant in real- time streaming video using CNN.The predominant goal of the proposed task is to apprehend and explore the art of 3D Human Pose Estimation and applying them to different aspects of the task of posture correction in exercises.Over the time, Convolution neural networks (CNN) algorithms have shown significant improvement in the area of human pose estimation on real-time datasets .In this work, we have developed a production-ready application which not only helps people work out effectively at the comfort of their homes but also provides them with real-time feedback on their posture, and act as a personal virtual trainer that will help them to do their exercises in efficient manner. Firstly, we have explored different algorithms and deep learning framework for 3D human pose estimation that could help detect different postures by representing human joints using key-points. These key points help in analyzing the joint coordinates and calculating the angle between joints using mathematical formulation. Finally, we have use these joints coordinates on evaluating pose made by a person on predefined workouts such as biceps, leg-raise, squats and push-ups. Keywords— Image Processing, Human pose detection

Factors Affecting the Consumer Behaviour of Gluten Sensitive Consumers – A Pilot Study

The aim of this research was to assess the consumption habits of gluten sensitive individuals and to determine the factors affecting them. Owing to the development of medicine and new technologies, gluten sensitivity has been revealed in an increasing number ofcases. In addition, changes in modern lifestyles, as well as associated harmful consumption habits and changes in the health environment, have increased the incidence of gluten sensitivity. In terms of these facts, it has become extremely important to examine the consumer habits of this segment. With the help of this, it is possible to learn about the influence of the disease on consumers. The present research was completed on the basis of 862 questionnaires received in the autumn of 2022; the respondents (without exception) were individuals suffering from gluten sensitivity from Slovakia and Hungary. Factor analysis was performed to identify the main factors affecting consumption. Based on the results of the present research people affected by the disease do not make decisions based on one factor alone during their purchases. The study found that the factors influencing the consumption habits of gluten-sensitive individuals can be classified into four groups: “common”, “conscious”, “healthy lifestyle” and “price”. There are additional influencing elements within these groups. Based on the results, a revision and adjustment of tools influencing the consumption of gluten-free products should be performed. Factors affecting the consumer behaviour of gluten-sensitive consumers should be grouped (“Common”, ”Conscious”, ”Healthy lifestyle” and ”Price”). The analysis showed that the majority of gluten-sensitive individuals strictly adhere to the needed diet, but it is not important for them where they obtain the individual foods or the ingredients for their preparation. The present research contributes to the understanding of the lifestyle of gluten-sensitive consumers and can provide a suitable basis for further research.

Studying the behaviors and habits of individuals in order to find the most appropriate preventive strategies for the Saudi society

Background and Aims: Preventive interventions require comprehensive policies that combine several dimensions: health, economic, and social, and above all, educational and cultural. The effectiveness of these preventive measures lies in the extent to which measures are applied at the individual and collective level in order to enhance the health culture and build an integrated hospital system. In this context, the education sector plays a major role in implementing preventive habits in a world where disease is spreading greatly and very quickly. In addition to emerging infectious diseases, future health challenges also relate to chronic diseases: cardiovascular diseases, cancers, accident consequences and their risk factors, and these factors are mostly related to the lifestyle and behavior of individuals. The aim of research in health sciences is to expand knowledge of health challenges and to improve and evaluate health policies and practices. This research paper aims to identify the types of prevention strategies based on studying the behaviors and habits of citizens of the Saudi society in order to find the most appropriate prevention strategies for the Kingdom. The research also aims to identify challenges within the health care system in the Kingdom with a focus on primary health care services, and analyze the interrelated factors in order to propose remedial reforms to further strengthen and improve the health care system. This study aims to improve the quality of individuals’ health and reduce the costs of care and hospitalization. This study also seeks to define strategies that can be considered to achieve the two goals (improving the quality of individuals’ health and reducing the costs of care and hospitalization). Methods: To understand the phenomenon of health awareness and to explain the behavior of participants by exploring their natural environment and their interaction with each other and to identify appropriate prevention strategies against diseases and epidemics, an empirical approach is adopted that focuses on studying the habits of individuals. The study was conducted using the inductive method, which included a survey of a sample of (764) individuals representing the entire population of the Kingdom. The questionnaire was distributed on various social networks, and the sample was chosen by simple random drawing in a probabilistic manner in which the probability of leaving the sample is equal to all members of the community. The survey was conducted during June 2021. Results: The conclusion is that the two hypotheses of the study are correct because preventive. The pilot study showed two main groups of variables. The first group represents the individual prevention measures and the second group the collective prevention measures. These two types are actually complementary. The conclusion is that the two measures of the study are correct because preventive measures should be individual initiatives but also that the health system should be guided by national and local actions. With regard to the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin test (KMO), which is a general measure of partial correlation between study variables, it is equal to 0.761, which indicates an average validity. According to the Bartlett test, the hypothesis H0 must be rejected (the test result must be equal to or less than 0.05 in our case the value is 0.00). Therefore, the search for components is justified. Conclusion: All of these measures have one goal: to reduce the costs of care, also called the costs of non-prevention, because the cost of implementing these measures is much lower than the cost of care or hospitalization in the event of complications, the principle is simple, and that is to implement preventive strategies that are based first and foremost on educating individuals.

DISTRIBUTION OF MINERALS IN NATURE IN THE CONTEXT OF EVOLUTIONARY VIEWS IN MODERN MINERALOGY

The spatial distribution of minerals in nature is closely related to their genesis. Mineralogenetic reconstruction, including the reproduction of ontogenesis and the conditions for its implementation, is the highest form of reproduction of the genesis of minerals. A general methodical scheme of mineralogenetic research is proposed. The evolutionary views in modern mineralogy and the developments of scientists in two directions — ontogenesis and phylogenesis — are analyzed. On specific examples, it is shown that in nature the phenomenon of a regularly directed evolution of the shape of crystals is realized both during mineral formation and in the space where this process occurs. It can be traced in the change in the habits of individuals, the special zonality of crystals, the existence of spatio-temporal crystal genetic series of minerals and the crystal-morphological zonality of mineral bodies, ore regions, fields, provinces. The data of symmetrical statistics show the leading role of monoclinic minerals in the earth's crust and bowels of Ukraine. Analysis of changes in the characteristics of minerals in time and space makes it possible to reveal some regularities in the distribution of minerals in nature. This is the basis for the development of methods and criteria for the search and evaluation of mineral deposits.

Слабые формы слов в общественно-политическом дискурсе (на материале женской речи)

The study aims to identify commonalities and differences in the realisation of weak forms of words and the frequency of modifications that led to them. The paper discusses the essence of weak forms and their role in language economy, modifications of phonemes and their omission; an acoustic experiment is conducted during which the following is being determined: the ratio of weak forms of function and content words, the features of the interaction between the factors of tempo, informativity and the cost of airtime. The study is novel in that it is the first to determine the probabilistic characteristics of different types of modifications in women’s speech in socio-political discourse, on the basis of which the types of modifications are ranked by their frequency. As a result, the same range of modifications and common weak forms peculiar to function and content words has been recorded. The most frequent modification was the omission of several segments, which indicates a high compression due to the fast tempo associated with the high cost of airtime and low informativity of a function or repeated word. The differences amount to a mismatch in the composition of words (besides common frequent words) represented by weak forms, which is accounted for by individual speech habits and different speech tempo.

The circular economy as a tool for achieving environmental sustainability

Human well-being is closely related to the health and sustainability of the environment. People need clean air to breathe, fresh water to drink, and places to live free of toxic substances and hazards. There are many problems that hinder environmental sustainability, including environmental pollution from industrial production, carbon emissions and waste; inappropriate waste management; economic interests and disclaimers by companies and governments and individual behaviour and consumer habits. All these problems require systemic solutions and global coordination between governments, businesses and the public to ensure environmental sustainability and the preservation of natural resources for future generations. Thе publication analyses the concept of environmental sustainability and the circular economy as an approach to achieving it, as well as the relationship between increasing carbon dioxide emissions and the number of world populations.

An Efficient ResNetSE Architecture for Smoking Activity Recognition from Smartwatch

Smoking is a major cause of cancer, heart disease and other afflictions that lead to early mortality. An effective smoking classification mechanism that provides insights into individual smoking habits would assist in implementing addiction treatment initiatives. Smoking activities often accompany other activities such as drinking or eating. Consequently, smoking activity recognition can be a challenging topic in human activity recognition (HAR). A deep learning framework for smoking activity recognition (SAR) employing smartwatch sensors was proposed together with a deep residual network combined with squeeze-and-excitation modules (ResNetSE) to increase the effectiveness of the SAR framework. The proposed model was tested against basic convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (LSTM, BiLSTM, GRU and BiGRU) to recognize smoking and other similar activities such as drinking, eating and walking using the UT-Smoke dataset. Three different scenarios were investigated for their recognition performances using standard HAR metrics (accuracy, F1-score and the area under the ROC curve). Our proposed ResNetSE outperformed the other basic deep learning networks, with maximum accuracy of 98.63%.

Caffeine and Team ball performances: A Mini-Review

Background: Caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive substance globally, second only to water in beverage consumption. Its impact on athletic performance, particularly in team sports, has been a subject of growing research interest. This review focuses on recent studies investigating caffeine's influence on various aspects of team ball sports performance. Objectives: This mini-review aimed to (i) synthesize current research findings on caffeine supplementation in team sports, considering different doses, forms, and its effects across genders and (ii) to highlight key considerations for optimal caffeine use in these sports. Methods: THIS mini-review examined recent studies on caffeine's effects in team ball sports, analyzing variables such as supplementation strategies, habitual consumption, gender, washout periods, individual responses, and supplement forms (capsules or powders). The focus is on studies that have used caffeine doses ranging from 3 to 6 mg·kg -1, administered 60 minutes before competition. Results: Findings suggest beneficial effects of caffeine ingestion (3 to 6 mg·kg-1) in enhancing technical and physical aspects of team ball sports. However, results vary based on factors like the supplementation strategy, individual caffeine consumption habits, and gender. Most research has focused on single-dose effects, revealing a lack of comprehensive, gender-specific guidelines for caffeine's optimal use in team sports. Conclusion: While caffeine supplementation shows promise in enhancing team sports performance, there is a need for more comprehensive research, especially regarding gender-specific effects and optimal consumption strategies. Current evidence points to the potential benefits of caffeine in morning competitions or training sessions but indicates possible detrimental effects in afternoon or evening settings. Further research is needed to develop robust guidelines for caffeine use in team sports, considering dosage, timing, form, and differential gender effects.

Identifying the predictors of severe psychological distress by auto-machine learning methods

Social stress in daily life and the COVID-19 pandemic have greatly impacted the mental health of the population. Early detection of a predisposition to severe psychological distress is essential for timely interventions. This paper analyzed 4036 samples participating in the 2019–2020 National Health Information Trends Survey (HINTS) and identified 57 candidate predictors of severe psychological distress based on univariate chi-square and t-test analyses. Five machine learning methods, namely logistic regression (LR), automatic generalized linear models (Auto-GLM), automatic random forests (Auto-Random Forests), automatic deep neural networks (Auto-Deep learning) and automatic gradient boosting machines (Auto-GBM), were employed to model synthetic minority oversampling technique-based (SMOTE) resampled data and identify predictors of severe psychological distress. Predictors were evaluated by odds ratios in logistic models and variable importance in the other models. Forty-seven variables were identified as significant predictors of severe psychological distress, including 13 sociodemographic variables and 34 variables related to individual lifestyle and behavioral habits. Among them, new potentially relevant variables related to an individual's level of concern and trust in cancer information, exposure to health care providers, and cancer screening and awareness are included. The performance of each model was evaluated using five-fold cross-validation. The optimal model performance-wise was Auto-GBM with an accuracy of 89.75%, a precision of 89.68%, a recall of 89.31%, an F1-score of 89.48% and an AUC of 95.57%. Significant predictors of severe psychological distress were identified in this study and the value of machine learning methods in predicting severe psychological distress is demonstrated, thereby enhancing pre-prediction and clinical decision-making of severe psychological distress problems.

DuctiLoc: Energy-Efficient Location Sampling With Configurable Accuracy

Mobile device tracking technologies based on various positioning systems have made location data collection ubiquitous. The frequency at which location samples are recorded varies across applications, yet it is usually pre-defined and fixed, resulting in redundant information, and draining the battery of mobile devices. In this paper, we first answer the question “ <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">at what frequency should individual human movements be sampled so that they can be reconstructed with minimum loss of information?</i> ”. Our analysis unveils a novel linear scaling law of the localization error with respect to the sampling interval. We then present DuctiLoc, a location sampling mechanism that utilises the law above to profile users and adapt the position tracking frequency to their mobility. DuctiLoc is energy efficient, as it does not rely on power-hungry sensors or expensive computations; moreover, it provides a handy knob to control energy usage, by configuring the target positioning accuracy. Controlling the trade-off between accuracy and sampling rate of human movement is useful in a number of contexts, including mobile computing and cellular networks. Real-world experiments with an Android implementation show that DuctiLoc can effectively adjust the sampling frequency to individual mobility habits and target accuracy level, reducing the energy consumption by 60% to 98% with respect to a baseline periodic sampling.

Upper-Body Pain in Gamers: An Analysis of Demographics and Gaming Habits on Gaming-Related Pain and Discomfort

With the rapid growth of both the gaming and esports industries, millions of individuals are now playing games as a hobby or career. The intense and repetitive nature of gaming can likely increase an individual’s susceptibility to musculoskeletal injuries and pain. The purpose of this study was to assess demographic information and gaming habits of gamers and determine any association with upper-body, gaming-related pain. An online survey was used to obtain demographic information and gaming habits of individuals, as well as the location and description of upper-body pain experienced when gaming. Of the 522 respondents, 77.8% (n = 406) reported experiencing gaming-related pain in the upper body. The most prevalent areas of pain were the neck (43.9%), lower back (41.4%), and the distal upper limb (37.9%). Few strong correlations were found between any demographics or gaming habits and the presence or intensity of pain in the upper body. The results of this study demonstrate that gaming-related pain is a problem; however, due to its complex nature, it is likely that a multifaceted interaction of both gaming habits and unaccounted lifestyle factors contributes to individualized pain development.

Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet

One of the determinants of food intake, impulsivity may contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity by triggering uncontrolled and excessive eating. It is estimated that increased impulsivity makes it harder to resist foods high in sugar, salt and fat. Evidence has been increasing in recent years regarding the roles of different components of impulsivity in obesity and some eating behaviors (especially uncontrolled, emotional and restrictive eating). Unfortunately, animal and human experiments examining the effects of dietary interventions on impulsivity and cross-sectional studies examining the food choices and consumption habits of individuals with high impulsivity are limited. Considering the role of impulsivity in eating disorders is important to elucidate the development and onset of eating disorders, as impulsivity may be associated with some impaired eating behaviors and behaviors such as substance use and non-suicidal self-harm. Current research shows that the use of impulsivity-focused approaches (computer-assisted cognitive training, psychotherapy etc.) to modify impulsivity in people with binge eating episodes is promising. In addition, mindful and intuitive eating trainings that focuses on problematic eating behaviors and difficulties in controlling food intake, can use in the treatment of eating disorders and obesity for reducing the level of impulsivity. In these treatments, complementary therapy to reduce impulsivity in addition to the healthy diet approach should be considered. This article examines the role of impulsivity in obesity and eating behaviors, the results of current intervention studies on this subject, and treatment approaches targeting impulsivity.

Style, Ideology and Female Representation: An Ideo-Stylistic Analysis of Shakespeare's King Lear

Language use proclaims an individual's personality and socio-political scenario of a particular age. The present study critically analyses the language used by female characters in Shakespeare's King Lear. The data has been collected from the speeches of Goneril, Regan, and Cordelia from the mentioned play. The study employs an amended research model, which has been devised by drawing upon Fairclough (2012) and Mills (1995) to analyze the data Ideo-stylistically. The levels of analysis include the word, clause/sentence, and discourse. The analytical categories used in the study include representation, a normative and Marxist critique of language, comparative degree, rhetoric question, metaphor, simile, use of weak form, exclamation mark, contrasted pair, and parallelism. It finds that no use of language is ideology-free and linguistic conditions are highly ideological. Change in linguistic form changes the function of language. The language used by Goneril, Regan, and Cordelia mirrors their inward and social reality. The study in hand is a form of literary, linguistic research. Besides, it contends that an individual's linguistic habit proclaims their personality and reflects the prominent socio-political tendencies of a particular age.