Edge Effects Research Articles

Edge cases: fragmentation and ecosystem processes in temperate forest landscapes

Temperate forests are the most fragmented forest biome, yet current understanding of fragmentation effects on ecosystem processes, such as carbon (C) cycling, is rooted in tropical forest research. We review the effects of persistent fragmentation on temperate forest ecosystem processes and quantify the extent to which the US national forest inventory and land‐cover maps represent forest edge area. We found systematic underrepresentation of forest edges across all methods. As compared with very high resolution (1 m) maps, conventional 30‐m resolution forest cover maps underestimated forest edge area by 16.4%, on average. Accounting for all forest edge area and edge effects on forest structure and growth resulted in a 14.8% median increase in aboveground forest C estimates, with 23.8% and 74.2% increases in agriculturally and urban dominated counties, respectively. We conclude by proposing improvements to forest inventories, maps, and models to better represent the fragmented temperate forest landscape.

Landscape spatial configuration influences the richness of howler monkey gut parasites

ABSTRACT Habitat loss and fragmentation are landscape-scale processes that affect the dynamics of parasitic infections. Most research on primate-parasite interactions has focused on the patch-scale, compromising inferences at the landscape level. We investigated the influence of landscape composition and configuration on the richness of gastrointestinal parasites infecting howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.). We compiled published data on howler monkey parasite richness and analyzed them from a landscape perspective. We established a screening process to include only studies on free-ranging howlers that included a detailed map or a description of the sites. Then, we created land cover maps using satellite images and applied generalized linear models to assess the influence of forest cover, matrix impermeability, patch density, edge density, and mean Euclidean distance to the nearest forest fragment on parasite richness and the occurrence of the most prevalent parasites. Edge density and patch density affected parasite richness negatively. Landscape configuration has a stronger effect on the parasites infecting howler monkeys than its composition. The effects of forest edges and patch density on parasite richness are likely promoted by changes in the abiotic conditions necessary for the survival of the free-living stages of parasites or the survival and reproduction of vectors and intermediate hosts.

Antagonistic biotic interactions mitigate the positive effects of warming on wood decomposition.

Global change drivers such as habitat fragmentation, species invasion, and climate warming can act synergistically upon native systems; however, global change drivers can be neutralized if they induce antagonistic interactions in ecological communities. Deadwood comprises a considerable portion of forest carbon, and it functions as refuge, nesting habitat and nutrient source for plant, animal and microbial communities. We predicted that thermophilic termites would increase wood decomposition with experimental warming and in forest edge habitat. Alternately, given that predatory ants also are thermophilic, they might limit termite-mediated decomposition regardless of warming. In addition, we predicted that a non-native, putative termite-specialist ant species would decrease termite activity, and consequently decomposition, when replacing native ants. We tested these hypotheses using experimental warming plots (~ 2.5°C above ambient) where termites, and their ant predators, have full access and vary in abundance at microscales. We found that termite activity was the strongest control on decomposition of field wood assays, with mass loss increasing 20% with each doubling of termite activity. However, both native and non-native ant abundance increased with experimental warming and, in turn, appeared to equally limit termite activity and, consequently, reduced wood decomposition rates. As a result, experimental warming had little net effect on the decomposition rates-likely because, although termite activity increased somewhat in warmed plots, ant abundances increased more than five times as much. Our results suggest that, in temperate southern U.S. forests, the negative top-down effects of predatory ants on termites outweighed the potential positive influences of warming on termite-driven wood decomposition rates.

Edge effects impact blue carbon dynamics across coastal ecotones in a tropical seascape

AbstractCoastal wetlands are important for their ability to regulate global climate through the sequestration and long‐term storage of carbon. Accurate quantification of ecosystem‐specific carbon dynamics (including sequestration, storage, and fluxes) is needed to develop accurate carbon budgets that inform climate change mitigation. Most work to quantify carbon dynamics either use subsampling in core habitats or benefit transfers to upscale values. While these approaches are valuable, our understanding of carbon dynamics across ecosystem transitions and overall heterogeneity remains a critical gap in coastal ecosystems as boundaries are not always clear. In this study, we established transects across both mangrove and seagrass ecotones into adjacent tidal flats in Singapore to quantifying vegetation cover, soil carbon storage, and CO2 fluxes. Vegetation cover in all transitions and soil carbon storage in most transitions followed a decreasing sigmoidal pattern from vegetated to unvegetated portions, but differed in rate and width. CO2 fluxes followed a peak distribution in mangrove–tidal flat transitions with maximum values occurring within the mangroves and were correlated with pneumatophore density, while seagrasses saw a linear increase in CO2 fluxes from the seagrass to tidal flat. Seascape analysis of soil carbon showed site‐specific impacts that resulted in differences in carbon stocks (0%–8%) as well as the width of these transitions. This study highlights the importance of understanding ecotones to better account for edge effects, which can lead to the over or under estimation of carbon, and provides a needed step in increasing the accuracy of blue carbon assessments in these critical ecosystems.

Reducing direct physical disturbance also mitigates hidden drivers of decline in a threatened seagrass meadow

Physical disturbances typically cause ecological impacts within areas of direct contact (primary disturbances) but can also impact surrounding areas through other mechanisms (secondary disturbances). Secondary disturbances are often overlooked, especially in marine ecosystems where sufficiently detailed observation can be difficult to obtain. For example, boat moorings create circular clearings in seagrass meadows by physically scouring the seabed, but visible impacts extend beyond this into surrounding areas due to disturbances such as increased sediment transport, edge effects, and shading from boats. Previous studies on impacts of moorings have not distinguished between primary and secondary disturbances, and secondary disturbances are rarely accounted for in environmental management. We used spatial modelling to examine the primary and secondary disturbances associated with moorings in a meadow of the threatened seagrass Posidonia australis. We compared the disturbance from traditional ‘swing’ moorings with ‘environmentally friendly’ moorings (EFM) designed to reduce scour. Within the scour zone (0-5 m from moorings), we compared seagrass cover around swing moorings with cover around EFM. Further from moorings (5-25 m), we tested the degree of association between seagrass cover and secondary disturbances that may accumulate with mooring density and be influenced by mooring design. We found that mooring design affected the degree of direct disturbance, with cover of P. australis in the scour zone of standard moorings ~49% lower than that of EFMs (p < 0.01). Mooring density had cumulative negative effects on P. australis cover in the surrounding meadow, but the influence of mooring density was reduced when most moorings were EFMs. This suggests that secondary effects contingent on direct physical disturbance (e.g. sediment transport, fragmentation, edge effects) may be stronger than the general influence of moored boats (shading). We use the findings to simulate two broad policy scenarios for mooring designs in P. australis meadows: installing only EFM, or only traditional moorings. The simulations suggest that using only EFM would lead to a 14.2% increase (~164 m2), whereas installing only traditional moorings would lead to a 16% (~187 m2) loss of P. australis cover in this already highly disturbed meadow. Synthesis and applications: We demonstrate a nondestructive approach to assessing primary and secondary disturbances driving the distribution of a threatened seagrass and simulate a range of potential management scenarios that could assist in conserving the species.

Environmental drivers of spatial variation in myrtle rust development on a critically endangered tree species

The spread of invasive plant pathogens is on the rise globally, introducing additional threats to forest ecosystems and their constituent species above those already caused by climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. Austropuccinia psidii is a widespread invasive fungus that infects hundreds of species in the Myrtaceae plant family, causing myrtle rust. It was first detected in New Zealand in 2017, where the threatened endemic tree Lophomyrtus bullata is one of the worst affected hosts. Recent studies have described heavy disease severity on this species but environmental drivers of spatial variation in disease severity have not been explored, including the possible role of edge effects which are prevalent across much of this species' highly fragmented natural range. In this study, we tracked changes in disease incidence and severity across a forest edge gradient over three years. Individuals further from the forest edge, where forest canopies were more intact, forest structure more complex, and with greater understorey humidity, had greater disease severity in the first year of infection. In subsequent years, the influence of edge was no longer evident as myrtle rust severity became more even across the site, but disease was more prevalent in denser L. bullata populations. Only small individuals were asymptomatic across all three years. Since all available myrtle rust control techniques are currently feasible only at small scales, our research implies that their application needs to be as early as possible before infection spreads and across all suitable microclimates, and without bias toward easily accessible forest edges.

Avian assemblages pattern along forest-tea plantation gradients in the north bank landscape of Eastern Himalaya, Assam, India

Abstract The study explores the patterns of avian communities along forest-tea plantation gradients in the north bank landscape of Eastern Himalayas, India, focusing on the Udalguri district of Assam. The present study aims to identify the impact of transitioning from undisturbed forest to tea plantations on bird diversity and composition. Bird surveys were conducted from August 2022 to June 2023 using point count methods at 16 sampling stations. The results revealed that forests exhibited higher species diversity and functional richness than tea plantations, which showed higher functional evenness and divergence. Additionally, forest edges supported greater species richness and abundance, emphasising their conservation significance. The study also observed significant differences in species composition at varying distances from the forest edge. Key species influencing these differences included the Yellow-footed Green Pigeon (Treron phoenicopterus) and various bulbul species (Pycnonotus spp.), indicating habitat sensitivity and edge effects. These findings suggest that while tea plantations can accommodate certain adaptable species, forests play a crucial role in providing habitats for a wider range of avian species. In addition, the study highlights the importance of conserving forest edges and comprehending avian responses to habitat mosaics for effective biodiversity conservation.

Edge effect of synthetic antiferromagnetic skyrmion in nanotrack

Synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) skyrmions with high-speed mobility and stability might be used for building the next-generation spintronic devices and information storage, where the skyrmion Hall effect can be completely eliminated in the antiferromagnetically exchange-coupled magnetic bilayer. However, little research has been done about the influence of the edge effect on the generation and manipulation process of isolated synthetic antiferromagnetic skyrmion via spin-polarized current. Here, we study the influence of the edge effect on the current-induced generation and motion of skyrmion dynamics in SAF bilayer racetracks. Investigation results show that a stable SAF skyrmion can be successfully generated when the varying width of racetrack and the distance between the current injection position and the left side of racetrack are larger than a certain threshold. A wider racetrack leads to lower total energy and higher speed of the SAF skyrmion within a certain threshold, while a larger distance between the current injection position and the left side of the racetrack leads to lower total energy and velocity within another threshold. Our results are useful for understanding of SAF skyrmion physics and may provide a guidance for the nonvolatile computing devices.

Precise Inner Radius and Inner Surface Shape Estimation in Finite Conductive Tubes Using Eddy Current Technique

Inner radius inspection is critical in the production of tubes, particularly those with small thicknesses, to ensure structural integrity and performance. Traditional ultrasonic methods often fall short in measuring thin-walled tubes, necessitating the use of eddy current method for its non-contact and highly sensitive capabilities. In this paper, we employ the finite element method (FEM) to calculate the output signal of a vertical surface probe in the vicinity of a finite conductive tube. We address the significant impact of edge effects, which can deteriorate the primary signal from material properties. The probe data are then used to determine the inner radius through a regression method, and an evaluation technique is proposed to inspect the ovality of the inner surface. Our results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the FEM to predict coil impedance and regression methods to evaluate both the inner radius and the shape of the inner surface, even in the presence of noise. This research provides significant contributions to the field of tube inspection, particularly in industries where precision is paramount, such as oil and gas industries, automotive, and medical sectors.

Immediate Response of Carabids to Small-Scale Wildfire Across a Healthy-Edge-Burnt Gradient in Young Managed Coniferous Forest in Central Europe

Wildfire is a type of disturbance that plays a critical role in affecting forest ecosystems. Wildfires also have a significant effect on shaping arthropods communities. Carabids (family Carabidae) are often used as a bioindicator group of altered biocenoses. Methods: For carabid sampling, pitfall traps were used in three habitats, healthy-edge-burnt, fifteen days after the suppression of wildfire. Seven traps were evenly placed on each transect. In total, twenty-one traps were used for the study. Aim of the study: (i) evaluate the overall diversity of carabids, (ii) sex change and distribution within the studied habitats, (iii) dynamics of pyrophilous carabids. Results: In total, 1051 individuals within 42 species were recorded. The total number of species was higher in the edge and burnt habitats and differed from the healthy habitat. The abundance of carabids did not differ significantly across the three habitats. However, the healthy habitat exhibited both lower species numbers and abundance. Communities, species richness, and diversity indices were similar in the edge and burnt habitats, while the healthy habitat had lower species richness, diversity indices, and more homogenized communities. The overall sex ratio was nearly equal, with females comprising 519 individuals (49.4%) and males 532 individuals (50.6%), showing nonsignificant differences among study habitats. Among the nine most dominant species, a general trend of female dominance was observed. Many species showed different patterns in sex distribution in relation to the study habitats. Pyrophilous species accounted for the majority of individuals, comprising 55% of all carabids in the burnt habitat, predominantly represented by Pterostichus quadrifoveolatus. The rare species Sericoda quadripunctata was observed infrequently with only twenty-three individuals recorded. These two species are highly correlated, potentially indicating their near-habitat requirements. Males of pyrophilous species in general colonize the area in the earliest post-fire period. Conclusions: The immediate response of carabids to forest wildfire is significant, primarily influencing species richness and communities. While wildfire did not affect overall sex distribution, it shaped interspecies sex distribution across the study habitats.

A multi-objective optimization model for cropland design considering profit, biodiversity, and ecosystem services

More sustainable agricultural methods are needed to alleviate the decreases in biodiversity and ecosystem services that have occurred because of industrial agriculture. One such method is the inclusion of alternative crops into croplands that can support biodiversity, reduce erosion and chemical runoff, and sequester carbon in the soil. However, the question of where such crops should be planted to balance competing economic and environmental objectives remains open. To this end, we develop a mixed-integer quadratically constrained program to optimize the layout of a cropland considering economic, biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, and water quality objectives. We include spatially varying fertilization as a decision variable in addition to crop establishment location. We further include the effect of core area and edges between different crops on biodiversity. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, we apply it to an example field, showing how the optimal cropland design changes as a decision-maker prioritizes different objectives and as edges have different impacts on biodiversity.

The role of masking and aperture size for accurate measurement of performance parameters of DSSCs

DSSC efficiency is often reported with very little or no consideration of the cell area for which they are reported. Area masking of cells is almost always used for the measurement of cell performance parameters (Jsc, Voc, and FF). Although edge masking is required to exclude edge effects, a variety of masking including masking a major portion of the cells are frequently used to boost the apparent efficiency of the cell. In this work, it will be shown that the reported efficiency of a cell is strongly dependent on the exposed area. Two different kinds of cells have been considered in this work to elucidate the area effect: first is a large active area cell whose performance metrics are obtained by masking various fraction of the active area. Second, cells were fabricated with active areas ranging from small to large. A comparison of these two kinds of cells demonstrates that the cells with smaller areas show area-dependent performance parameters. A cell with a 4 mm2 exposed area will show a higher efficiency of 10.47 % while the efficiency will drop to ∼ 3 % as the area increases to 60 mm2 or higher. Such area dependence can be avoided if the cell area/exposed area selected is 60 mm2 or above. The reason for the area dependence has been identified to be due to the presence of trap states and not due to scattering which is sometimes used in the literature to explain the area dependence.

Edge effect and species richness modulate biomass stocks and change over time in secondary forest fragments in the subtropical Atlantic Forest

ABSTRACT Background Above-ground biomass (AGB) and its temporal dynamics are key parameters of forest ecosystems, related to their resilience and capacity to fix atmospheric carbon. AGB is related to species richness, composition, forest structure, soils and climate. In human-modified landscapes, fragmentation and human pressure may change the nature of these relationships. Aims Our aim was to quantify how species richness and composition, leaf area index, and edge effect were related to biomass stocks and growth in fragmented sub-tropical secondary forests. Methods We tested the relationship between leaf area index, tree species richness and composition, edge effect and AGB stocks in secondary forest stands in the Atlantic Forest using multiple linear models on data from 104 sites. Results Our results show that biomass stocks were related to species richness, distance to forest edge and the interaction of both (R2 = 0.25; p < 0.05). Biomass change showed positive relationships with pioneer species richness and distance to edge, and negative relationship with the interaction of total species richness and distance to edge (R2 = 0.15; p < 0.05). Conclusion Edge effect can affect AGB dynamics directly and indirectly, by weakening the positive effects of species richness and composition on biomass. AGB loss at some sites suggests that some fragments are under chronic disturbance or may be experiencing delayed mortality due to fragmentation.

Micro-Raman spectroscopy investigation of deformation transfer at the interface between Bi2Se3 nanoflakes and a flexible substrate

The experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior at the interface between a few-layer Bi2Se3 nanoflake and flexible substrate is of great significance for the structural design and performance development of electronic devices based on topological insulator nanostructure. A quantitative micro-Raman study of the interfacial deformation transfer behavior was performed in this work. Combined with micro-Raman spectroscopy and in-situ loading, the Raman shift-strain coefficients of A1g phonon modes for Bi2Se3 nanoflakes with different longitudinal and transverse dimensions on the flexible substrate were calibrated, and the longitudinal dimensions were determined using a rapid and reliable optical identification method developed based on the optical contrast difference. In addition, an interfacial bonding phenomenological model was proposed to analyze the process of interfacial re-bonding after debonding with increasing strain and the interfacial bonding enhancement after cyclic loading. The influences of transverse dimension and thickness of Bi2Se3 nanoflakes on the interfacial bonding and deformation transfer were quantified by calibrating Raman shift-strain coefficients for multiple samples and were further attributed to the edge effect of the interfacial shear force and decline of interfacial deformation transfer with the layers, respectively.

Highly Efficient Hydrogenation of Guaiacol over Ru/Al2O3-TiO2 Catalyst at Low Temperatures

In this work, the highly efficient hydrogenation of guaiacol catalyzed by ruthenium supported on Al2O3-TiO2 (Ru/Al2Ti1) at very mild conditions was carried out. At temperatures as low as 25 °C and 2 MPa H2, about 60% of guaiacol could be converted to 2-methoxycyclohexanol (MCH) with a selectivity as high as 94% on the Ru/Al2Ti1 catalyst with an appropriate hydrogen pressure. At temperatures above 50 °C, almost all of the guaiacol could be converted with the catalyst of Ru/Al2Ti1, mainly into hydrogenated products such as MCH. The surprisingly efficient hydrogenation of guaiacol at low temperatures was most likely due to the ability of Ru particles loaded on the specific complex metal oxide carriers, particularly the reduction of the edge effect of Ru, to activate phenyl and hydrogen and reduce the competition of the dimethoxy process. These findings about the high activity of the Ru/Al2Ti1 catalyst at nearly room temperature may be helpful to upgrading the industrial process of the pyrolysis bio-oils.

Actinide Elemental Ratios of Spent Nuclear Fuel Samples by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

While resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) has demonstrated utility in measuring isotopic compositions of elements in complex matrices without the need for chemical separation to remove isobaric interferences, it has had limited application in measuring elemental compositions. The ability to determine elemental compositions via an in situ method like RIMS would be an exceptional asset in spent nuclear fuel analysis, where they are important in assessing reactor histories and whose chemical separation presents a radiological hazard. However, quantitative elemental analysis by RIMS requires special considerations because each element is ionized by its own set of lasers tuned to element specific resonant ionization wavelengths. We present the first comprehensive study of measuring elemental ratios by RIMS in spent nuclear fuel. All actinides produced by neutron capture are enhanced significantly radially from the center to the edge of a fuel pellet. This edge effect is not readily accessible by conventional bulk measurements.

Edge and skin effects in rhombus reciprocal photonic crystals.

With the development of non-Hermitian physics, the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) has attracted much attention. Existing research highlights the critical roles of the periodic boundary condition (PBC) spectrum, lattice symmetry, and macroscopic symmetry of the lattice in relation to the geometry-dependent skin effect (GDSE). However, the impact of macroscopic edge geometry is frequently neglected. We find that the GDSE is highly sensitive to the edge and cannot be simply determined by the symmetries. Specifically, the GDSE can emerge at trivial interfaces of rhombus photonic crystals (PhCs) with zigzag edge and bearded edge. Furthermore, we analyze the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of point-gap topology. This work underscores important, yet frequently overlooked, aspects in two-dimensional (2D) reciprocal PhC systems and can be used to enhance design flexibility, allowing the NHSE to have better applications in areas such as lasers and highly sensitive sensors.

Abstract Su503: Relationships Between Quantitative ECG Measures and Defibrillation Success in Early Ventricular Fibrillation

Introduction: Rapid termination of ventricular fibrillation (VF) has long been recognized as the cornerstone of effective cardiac arrest resuscitation. In recent years, amplitude spectral area (AMSA) has been shown to be highly associated with defibrillation success, and AMSA has been experimentally used to personalize defibrillation timing and strategy. However, questions remain about whether the interpretation of AMSA holds uniformly in varied conditions, such as ultra-early or prolonged cardiac arrest or after anti-arrhythmic administration. Hypothesis: AMSA is greater after 20 seconds of untreated VF compared to 50 seconds of untreated VF; a higher AMSA predicts greater first-defibrillation success. Methods: VF was induced in adult swine (n = 3) with a bipolar pacing catheter placed in the right ventricle. Animals were randomized to 20- or 50-second-long episodes of VF (n = 123), followed by standard 150 J biphasic defibrillation. In MATLAB, AMSA was calculated as the summed product of frequency and square root of power after Fast Fourier Transform for the four second period of VF immediately prior to defibrillation. Results were analyzed by a two-sided Chi-squared test or ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD in R; a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results: First shock success was lower in the 20-second-VF group compared to the 50 second group (31/78 (39.7%) vs 31/45 (68.8%), p = 0.003). The AMSA at 20 seconds was significantly higher for successful compared to unsuccessful first defibrillation (8.20 vs. 7.31 mV-Hz, p = 0.034). The AMSA at 50 seconds was not statistically different between successful and unsuccessful defibrillations (6.32 vs. 5.67 mV-Hz, p = 0.470). Evaluating the AMSA after a duration of VF irrespective of shock success, AMSA was higher at 20 seconds compared to 50 seconds (7.66 vs 6.12 mV-Hz, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion(s): AMSA decreases from 20 to 50 seconds of untreated VF, and higher AMSA at a given time point is associated with greater first defibrillation success. However, first defibrillation success was higher after 50 seconds of untreated VF compared to 20 seconds, raising questions about special cases, such as edge effects, that may influence AMSA interpretation.

Edge Influence in a Semi‐Deciduous Tropical Forest: An Investigation of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions

ABSTRACTRecent studies have proven the sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) in responding to variations imposed by tropical forest fragmentation, which may reflect changes in both its quantity and quality. Despite this, studies evaluating soil carbon fractions as an edge effect indicator are still non‐existent. We developed this work asking: How do the oxidizable fractions of soil organic carbon (OFSOC) respond to the edge effect in fragments of semi‐deciduous seasonal forest? Is this response influenced by the size of the forest fragment? The study was conducted in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil, in three forest fragments with different sizes. Thus, three sampling sections were defined in each fragment: edge (0–10 m), transition (40–50 m), and interior. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–10 cm. The SOC was divided into three fractions (LC—labile carbon, MLC—moderately labile carbon, and LLC—low labile carbon), adopting the chemical method based on oxidation degrees. Reductions in the SOC (28.2%), LC (17.4%), and MLC content (66.7%) were observed at the edge in the small fragment. There was a reduction of SOC (21.3%) and LLC (39.0%) at the edge in the medium fragment, while MLC showed an increase at the edge (70.4%). The OFSOC were able to respond to the changes imposed by the edge effect, with emphasis on the LC and MLC fractions in smaller fragments. The forest fragment size influenced the level of changes caused by the edge effect in OFSOC, showing greater susceptibility in smaller fragments.

Edge-dependent photogalvanic effect in 1T′-ReS2-based polarization self-powered photodetectors

Polarization photodetectors with linear/circular photogalvanic effect (L/CPGE) have garnered significant attention due to their wide range of application prospects. However, few kinds of photodetectors are adept at distinguishing between LPGE and CPGE. Here, we investigated a type of polarization-sensitive photodetector based on 1T′-ReS2 nanoribbon (1T′-ReS2 NR) within the framework of density functional theory. It is found that the CPGE photocurrent of 1T′-ReS2 NR along the zigzag direction can be 102 to 103 times larger than that of LPGE. Moreover, the sensitivity to polarized light of 1T′-ReS2 NR can be significantly enhanced. The extinction ratio can be up to 55, which is 4.6 times higher than that the 1T′-ReS2 monolayer. Remarkably, the introduction of magnetism through edge effects enables 1T′-ReS2 NR photodetector to achieve a spin injection efficiency close to 100%. Our results provide an avenue for the design of high-photosensitivity and low-power spintronic devices.