Work Habits Research Articles

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Low Back Pain: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and Projections to 2050.

This was an observational study. Assessing the global burden of disease for low back pain (LBP) using the 2021 GBD (Global Burden of Disease) database. LBP is a leading cause of workforce loss and disability. With societal aging and changes in lifestyle and work habits, the incidence of LBP is expected to rise. This study comprehensively analyzes the epidemiological trends of global LBP from 1990 to 2021. Data publicly available from the 2021 GBD study were utilized, and a systematic analysis was conducted to assess the global burden and epidemiological trends of LBP. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and Years Lived with Disability (YLD) rates of LBP have slightly declined globally. However, the number of affected individuals, new cases, and YLD numbers have significantly increased, making LBP a leading cause of YLD in 2021. The number of affected individuals increases with age, peaking in both men and women between the ages of 50 and 54. Worldwide, women have a higher prevalence of LBP than men, and this increases with age, with both genders reaching peak prevalence between 80 and 84 years in 2021. Overall, over the past 3 decades, age-standardized YLD rates have shown a positive correlation with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In terms of region and nation, Tropical Latin America and Kingdom of Sweden have seen the greatest increase in age-standardized prevalence rates from 1990 to 2021. Globally, LBP remains a notable public health concern, carrying a consistently high burden. To alleviate the future impact of this disease, it is imperative to increase public awareness regarding its risk factors and to implement preventive measures.

Employee Retention and motivation: The effectiveness of Performance Appraisals in Modern Organisations

A key component of HR management is evaluating performance, which benefits staff members by achieving organizational targets and awarding incentives. This study examined performance in a contemporary organization emphasizing employee motivation and openness. According to the report, employee motivation and retention may be impacted by the sectors' management evaluation practices. Employees must implement smart work habits, learn about workplace evaluation techniques, and be conscious of their JD and Key performance indicators (KPI) to handle this. To ensure employee retention and a favourable influence on company goals and objectives, a new assessment approach that combines the Human Resource expense accounting technique with 360-degree appraisal may be implemented. Companies may accomplish their objectives and targets by transforming the effect of staff productivity into financial advantages.

A path towards sustainability through the circular economy phenom: indicators from the Spanish agri-food sector

PurposeThis study aims to propose a comprehensive framework for assessing circular economy (CE) performance in the agri-food sector. It identifies those indicators that should be used to measure circularity regarding CE strategies, applies them at a microeconomic level and examines the impact of key business determinants (financial, internalization, knowledge, awareness and digitalization).Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted with a focus on CE strategies and related indicators. The framework obtained is applied on a Spanish agri-food sector survey to provide an empirical CE analysis at firm level. A partial least squares based-structural equation modelling method is applied.FindingsThe research suggests a set of circularity indicators to assess CE strategies at micro level. The findings reveal the heterogeneity of CE sub-indicators related to narrowing, slowing, closing and regenerating strategies. It also highlights the strong effects that the drivers tested have on CE, especially awareness and knowledge.Practical implicationsThis study provides a framework that can guide public policies and business decisions in sectors with significant environmental impacts. It provides a conceptual framework that explains which CE indicators should be considered by governments and regulators when developing policies that seek to promote circular strategies.Social implicationsIn the case of companies, the results show that acquiring more environmental awareness and knowledge is essential for promoting more sustainable work habits that enhance CE.Originality/valueThe paper offers a novel contribution to the CE literature by introducing a multidimensional indicator framework comprehensively applied to the agri-food sector, integrating miscellaneous pillars of circular strategies and business determinants.

Navigating Toxicity: Investigating the Interplay Between Workplace Gaslighting, Workaholism, and Agility Among Nurses.

Toxic workplace environments, especially those involving gaslighting, are known to contribute to stress and excessive work habits, such as workaholism, which may hinder a nurse's agility-an essential skill in adapting to fast-paced healthcare environments. However, the interplay between workplace gaslighting, workaholism, and agility in nursing remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationship between workplace gaslighting, workaholism, and agility among nurses, focusing on how gaslighting moderates this relationship. This study is a multicenter cross-sectional that was conducted among 594 full-time nurses from three major hospitals in Egypt. Data were collected using the Gaslighting at Work Questionnaire, Workforce Agility Scale, and Bergen Work Addiction Scale. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to test the study hypotheses. Results revealed that nurses reported moderate levels of workaholism, workplace gaslighting, and agility. Significant negative correlations were found between agility and both workplace gaslighting and workaholism. Gaslighting negatively moderated the relationship between workaholism and agility, exacerbating the impact of workaholism on nurses' ability to remain agile. The findings indicate that toxic workplace behaviors, such as gaslighting and workaholism, undermine nurses' agility. Regulatory safeguards are necessary to protect nurses from such environments, ensuring both their well-being and the quality of healthcare services. These findings call for the development of national standards and policies to address workplace mental health and ensure accountability in healthcare settings.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of the general population towards Marburg virus disease in sub-Saharan African countries: a cross-sectional study.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is categorized among viral hemorrhagic fevers. MVD is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify factors affecting MVD knowledge, attitudes and practices in sub-Saharan African countries. Using a validated questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted from 21 April to 23 May 2023 in eight English-speaking sub-Saharan African countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania). Of 3142 participants, 51% were males, 66.0% were aged 18-29 y, 74.4% were living in urban areas, 47.9% completed their university education and 21.7% were healthcare workers (HCWs). Tanzanians had the highest good knowledge (89%), while Kenyans had the lowest (26%). Tanzanians had the highest positive attitude (82%), while Nigerians had the highest negative attitude (95%). The best practices exhibited were by Ethiopians (70%), and the poorest practices exhibited were by Ghanaians (94%). The predictors of good knowledge were marital status (adjusted OR [aOR]=0.75; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.94; p=0.013), knowing the correct mode of transmission (aOR=18.31; 95% CI 13.31 to 25.66; p<0.001), whether the participant has heard before about MVD (aOR=2.24; 95% CI 1.82 to 2.75; p<0.001), whether they modified their working habits (aOR=2.79; 95% CI 2.12 to 3.67; p<0.001), nationality (p<0.001) and being a HCW (aOR=2.71; 95% CI 2.01 to 3.67; p<0.001). The predictors of good attitude were being female (aOR=0.71; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.85; p<0.001), age (aOR=0.99; 95% CI 0.98 to 0.99; p=0.01), place of residence (aOR=3.13; 95% CI 2.46 to 3.99; p<0.001), level of education (aOR=1.67; 95% CI 1.37 to 2.04; p<0.001), knowing the correct mode of transmission (aOR=1.59; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.98; p<0.001), modification of working habits (aOR=1.30; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.68; p=0.039) and nationality (p<0.001). The predictors of practice were being female (aOR=1.17; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.37; p=0.042), place of residence (aOR=1.23; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.48; p=0.033), marital status (aOR=0.65; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.78; p<0.001), knowing the correct mode of transmission (aOR=0.46; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.56; p<0.001), modification of working habits (aOR=0.40; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.49; p<0.001) and occupation (aOR=0.37; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.46; p<0.001). Different modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors can be targeted to improve population perspectives towards MVD.

Identification of the Contributing Factors Related to Microvascular Complications Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Selected Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal

A descriptive study was carried out on Identification of the contributing factors related to micro-vascular complications among patients with diabetes mellitus in selected hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal. Risk factors for the development of complication of diabetes of Sandra A. Black’s model (2002) were adopted as a conceptual framework. Among 100 diabetic patients were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique from diabetic clinic Infectious Diseases &amp; Beleghata General Hospital (I.D. &amp; B.G. Hospital). Semi structured interview schedule and Record analysis was used for data collection. The study findings based on descriptive and inferential statistical revealed that 62% falls in only diabetic group and the remaining 38% in the diabetic with micro vascular complication group where only retinopathy 18%, only nephropathy 11%, retinopathy and nephropathy both 9%. Chi square findings revealed that there were significant associations between the microvascular complications of diabetic patients and work habits (4.44) at df (1)/&lt;0.05 level. Chi square findings also revealed that there were significant associations between the microvascular complications of diabetic patients and alcohol habits (4.40) at df (1)/&lt;0.05 level. Recommendations for future studies are large sample size, to assess the prevalence of microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus patient, in different community settings. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, contributing factors related to micro-vascular complications.

Perceived Individual Team Member Value Creation in In-Class Permanent Teams. Analysis of evidence from individual peer reviews in a Team-Lecture Hybrid instructional strategy.

This study analyzes individual peer review assessment data in order to understand the following: contributions of individual team members to in-class permanent team outcomes; social loafing and loss of social interdependence among team members; and the achievement of the Team Lecture Hybrid(TLH) instructional strategy learning outcomes in a team learning environment. A value creation theoretical framework was used to assess perceived value creation in 952 statements recorded in 341 intra-group assessment narratives from 127 students in 28 in-class permanent teams across 11 courses. Participants were drawn from public affairs, leadership, and healthcare administration courses, in two US institutions of higher learning from January 2012 to May 2016. Fifteen emerging themes organized under four predetermined domains including preparednesss (14.3%), contribution to productivity (53.4%), respect for others (13.8%), and flexibility (18.1%; and one emergent domain including teacher contribution (1.15%); revealed the following about individual performance: 1. either added to, or subtracted from collective team performance; 2. were empirically aligned with four value creation cycles in the value creation conceptual framework; and 3. advanced four expected student learning outcomes. Social loafing and loss of social interdependence was identified in team member interactions and they interfere with student learning outcomes. Permanent team members desired and expected the following five attributes from their team members: 1. to be prepared for project activities; 2. to contribute substantially or intangibly to team productivity by sharing knowledge, having good work habits, improving the team product, and helping with leadership and coordination; 3. to be respectful of others;4. to seek consensus and comprise; and 5. to show flexibility in their interaction with others They also see their teacher as an intangible resource in the permanent team who provides knowledge, moral leadership, structure, and mentoring. Instructors and student should consider these findings when they participate or facilitate learning activities in in-class permanent teams.

Behind the scenes: exploring neurological journal editors' work habits, decisions, and potential sources of conflict of interest.

Editors of scientific journals play a key role in the health-related research process. Our study aims to characterize the demographics, work habits, decision-making processes, and ethical challenges faced by editors of neurological journals and to evaluate associations between editor or journal characteristics and editorial decisions, as well as sources of conflict of interest. Cross-sectional study involving editors from neurological journals that fell above the 50th percentile in the Scimago rankings. Editors were invited to complete a 16-item anonymous online survey. Data on demographics, editorial processes, decision-making, and ethical issues were collected and analysed. 64 editors completed the survey (35.94% were aged 55-65years, 68.75% had over 7years of experience); journals' impact factors(IF) ranged from 1 to 10 (mean 3.412 ± 0.260). When reviewers were blinded to authors, editors relied more on reviewers' decisions (p = < 0.007). Editors with more years of experience relied less on reviewers' decisions (p = 0.009). Higher IF journals were associated with more frequent conflicts of interest between authors (p = 0.019) and reviewers (p = 0.033). Younger editors faced more ethical dilemmas related to scientific conduct and plagiarism (p = 0.008 and p = 0.016). Younger editors and those working for journals with higher IF were more likely to face ethical dilemmas related to editorial decisions (p = 0.016 and p = 0.042). The study highlights relevant aspects of the editorial process in neurological journals, emphasizing the influence of blinding procedures and the inconsistent handling of decision-making and ethical challenges. Addressing these issues through collaboration and standardized guidelines can promote the integrity of the process, ensuring high-quality and trustworthy scientific research.

Becoming a first-time entrepreneur in your 40s and older: lessons from survival analysis

Purpose: This article aims to have a better understanding of a specific group of first-time entrepreneurs starting a business at the age of 40 years and older (associated in the literature with the terms “third age” or “silver age”), often experiencing career shocks or feeling a need to change their working lives and habits. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research explores the situation in a small, open Central European economy, the Czech Republic. It is based on extensive business register data covering the years 2010-2023, allowing first-time entrepreneurs within this age group to be captured. These individual-level data, combined with information from other sources, created a dataset of 178,388 first-time entrepreneurs aged 40+ by the time of starting their business. These were used to study their characteristics and analyse factors shaping their business survival. Findings: We found that, on average, 12,857 individuals aged 40+ become entrepreneurs for the first time annually; their characteristics differ in terms of age, gender, sectoral orientation, region of doing business, and education. The results from the Cox-Hazard survival analysis support the importance of these factors, highlighting, for example, that females had higher chances of closing their business activity, and that the likelihood of closing the business increases with age. Originality/Value: This article uniquely addresses the population of third-age entrepreneurs in a specific country context. Becoming an entrepreneur at the third age might be an opportunity to change working habits, leave employment, and enhance work-life balance through an entrepreneurial career pathway. This is important, especially in the context of population ageing and increased life length expectancy, allowing individuals to stay economically active longer. Keywords: Entrepreneurship; First-time Entrepreneur; Third Age; Silver Age, 40+ population; Czech Republic; SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.

Association of Shift Work, Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits with Obesity Scales.

Shift work has been associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits and a higher prevalence of obesity, which negatively impacts the health of shift workers. The objective of our study was to examine the influence of shift work on obesity, as well as on sociodemographic variables, anthropometric measurements, and lifestyle habits in individuals working this type of schedule. An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 53,053 workers from various labour sectors across several Spanish autonomous communities was conducted. It included 31,753 men (17,527 of them working shifts) and 21,300 women (11,281 of them working shifts). The relationship between shift work and obesity was examined, as well as its association with sex, age, social class, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviour, and unhealthy diet. Obesity showed higher prevalence and mean values among shift workers across all four formulas used (BMI obesity, WtHR high, CUN BAE obesity, METS-VF high). All variables related to unhealthy lifestyle habits revealed a significantly greater prevalence among shift workers, with high statistical significance (p < 0.001). Age, sex, and social class affected the risk of obesity, with a greater prevalence observed in shift workers compared to non-shift workers (p < 0.001). Men had a higher risk than women, with an OR ranging from 1.17 (1.12-1.21) for BMI obesity to 7.45 (6.71-8.20) for METS-VF high. Shift workers exhibit a higher prevalence of obesity and unhealthy lifestyle habits, with men at greater risk. The variables that most significantly increase the risk of obesity include age, physical inactivity, low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and alcohol consumption.

THE PLACE AND ROLE OF TIME IN HUMAN ACTIVITY

Background: Time is a crucial but usually underappreciated aspect of human life and societal development. It has an impact on many aspects of society and serves as both a change indicator and a regulator of human behavior. Specific Background: Despite the fact that societies usually divide time into "working" and "non-working" periods, efficient time management in both areas significantly affects productivity and personal development. Knowledge Gap: While previous research has looked at the social and economic aspects of working hours, less attention has been paid to the overall impacts of time on people's well-being and the development of society at large. The goal of this research is to examine the several ways that time functions in society, with an emphasis on how it affects awareness, work habits, and the advancement of civilization. Findings: The findings show a strong relationship between effective use of working and non-working time and social efficiency, personal motivation, and conformity to the demands of modern society. Numerous elements, such as financial incentives, organizational structure, and individual accountability, further moderate this link. Uniqueness: This research provides a conceptual framework for analyzing "social time," integrating perspectives from the domains of economics, sociopolitics, and culture. Implications: These findings highlight the need for legislation that encourages effective time management, reiterating that good time management can benefit society and increase personal satisfaction.

Frege, Hirzel, and Stoic logic

This paper is a discussion of Gabriel, Hülser and Schlotter’s pioneering 2009 article on a possible causal relation between Stoic logic and Frege. It provides detailed argument for why Rudolf Hirzel should not be taken as the qualified middleman in philosophical discussion with whom Frege learned what he ‘borrowed’ without acknowledgement from Stoic logic. Additionally, this paper offers some very modest findings about some aspects of Frege's and Hirzel's lives and work habits, which may help us understand a little better Frege's connection to Hirzel and to Stoic logic as well as Frege’s failure to acknowledge the Stoics. This paper is a purely historical offshoot of my essay ‘Frege plagiarized the Stoics’. Zero direct insights into either Frege’s or Stoic philosophy are offered.

Effectively Comprehend and Manage a Multigenerational Workforce

In today's workforce, there is greater generational diversity than ever before. However, businesses who are able to identify and capitalize on the advantages of every generation have a major competitive advantage. There are people from five distinct generations working today, each with their own expectations, work habits, and communication styles. Businesses can achieve their objectives when they employ tactics that maximize the capabilities of a multigenerational workforce. This offers a wealth of options as well as additional obstacles for managers overseeing multigenerational teams. It's difficult to see things from their perspective when we essentially find it impossible to relate to someone because they are so different from us in age or experience. Rather than trying to comprehend the differences that separate us, we frequently turn to hurtful stereotypes and place the responsibility for problems that can be solved on one another. We must learn how to work together and value our individual tastes, routines, and behaviors if we are to fully reap the rewards and leverage of having a workforce that spans generations. This study used a theoretical overview of the subject and offers some guidance on how to manage a multigenerational workforce well.

Modern Approaches to Diagnosing Cognitive Impairments in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis in patients can cause not only motor, sensory, cerebellar and autonomic dysfunctions, but also cognitive and psychoemotional disorders such as difficulty with learning and recalling information, problems focusing on tasks and maintaining attention, slowed ability to process information, depression, anxiety. Cognitive impairment can appear at any stage of the disease and can be observed in more than half of patients. &amp;nbsp;Patients with multiple sclerosis may not fully recognize or underestimate their complaints of psycho-emotional disturbances, fatigue or pain. &amp;nbsp;For this reason, doctors should rely on the results of neuropsychological tests. Like all symptoms of multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment is highly variable and significantly affects patients' work habits, social interactions and quality of life. Therefore, the assessment of cognitive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis is of undoubted interest.

Enhancing Cloud Computing Environments with AI-Driven Resource Allocation Models

Cloud computing has changed the way businesses work by letting them handle resources in ways that were never possible before. But managing these resources well is still a big problem that affects speed, cost-effectiveness, and user happiness. Many old ways of doing things depend on static provisioning or heuristic-based methods, which can cause resources to be underused or over-provisioned. AI-driven resource distribution models, on the other hand, use machine learning algorithms to move resources around based on real-time data and predictive analytics. This method makes things more flexible and quick to respond by making sure that resources are distributed in a way that matches changing needs and work habits. Key parts of AI-driven models include using data on past usage to figure out what resources will be needed in the future. By looking at patterns, these models make sure that there aren't any resource shortages during times of high usage and that resources aren't provisioned when they aren't needed, which saves money. AI also makes it possible for resources to be scaled up automatically when the task changes. The system changes how resources are used in real time by keeping an eye on performance metrics and workload patterns all the time. This makes sure that performance and user experience are always at their best. AI-driven models also help optimize resources by making the best use of them while still following service level agreements (SLAs). These models make the whole system more efficient and lower operational costs by moving resources around between applications and services on the fly.

Assessing Work Habits and Discipline: High School Teachers in South Sumatra Province Post In-Service Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG-DALJAB)

From the results of the research, it was found that many factors affect the professional competence of a teacher. Two of the most dominant factors influencing professional competence are "work habits and discipline." This study aims to examine the influence of these two variables on the professional competence of teaching teachers after participating in PPG DALJAB. Data-based correlational method obtained from the distribution of questionnaires and observations. Data was collected from the population of secondary school teachers in South Sumatra which amounted to 29,950, while a random sample was taken from 150 teachers who had completed the PPG DALJAB. The results of the study succeeded in proving that the work habits and discipline of secondary school teachers after participating in PPG DALJAB had a positive and significant effect on teaching professional competence, both partially and simultaneously. However, there was no significant difference in the professional competence of teaching teachers after attending PPG DALJAB with the previous one.

Gramodaya: Understanding the Marketing Implications of India’s Evolving Rural Economic Structure

The current worldwide epidemic has exacerbated geopolitical tensions on a global scale. Historically, cities have consistently been regarded as the epitome of global cultural hubs. However, over a brief period in the early 2020s, many urban centres experienced a significant decline in activity, resembling desolate ghost towns in the virtual realm. The pandemic has led to a decline in activity in major global cities due to shifts in work habits. Markets are volatile, competitive, and characterised by changing consumer demands, skilled competition, and climate change threats. Marketers must proactively anticipate and respond to these changes, as waiting and reacting are financially unviable. Envisioning and preparing for the future has become increasingly complex and vital in today’s global landscape. The rise in lifestyle choices has led to a migration towards rural areas, resulting in a convergence of urban and rural cultures. This has led to a surge in local economies and a focus on diversity within organizations. Rural Bharat is poised to capitalize on this trend, with the Indian economy expanding due to rural consumption and increased disposable income. However,there are still opportunities for marketing innovation and the emergence of rural India as a significant investment theme. This study aims to delve deeper into areas exhibiting discernible patterns and prospects for opportunities and expansion &amp; offers insights into strategies for enhancing the rural economy in India through collaborative efforts between industrial stakeholders and government interventions. The provided facilities offer an opportunity to enhance business, marketing, and distribution networks for the private sector in collaboration with rural entrepreneurs. Technological advancements and agricultural infrastructure improvements can significantly increase farmers’ revenue. This paper argues that rural India’s growth, income, consumption and marketing patterns are crucial for achieving an “AtmaNirbhar Bharat” in the “Amrit Kaal” era.

Work and health habits of Thai physicians.

Physicians usually have a high responsibility in caring for people. Many times, they encounter work-life imbalances that can impact both their personal health and the quality of medical services they provide. To evaluate the works and health habits of Thai physicians. Thai physicians who participated in the hospital's Corporate Social Responsibility "Save Doctors' Heart" project, conducted between February 14, 2022 and October 31, 2022, were invited to participate in the study. Data collected was personal data, work habits, including workplace, work hours, and health habits, including fiber in the diet, exercise, sense of well-being, history of health surveillance, and health coverage system. The characteristic features associated with their work and health habits were studied. The responses to each question varied among the 1,244 physicians who agreed to join the study. The median age was 45.0 years (IQR 39,56 years). Almost all (98.6%) were still active in medical practice, with >1 workplace in 14.7%. Nearly half (44.5%) worked >40 hours per week. Most reported a moderate to high fiber diet (80.8%), but only 29.7% exercised >3 days per week. Some degree of stress was revealed in 82.1%, being moderate to severe in 25.8%. The younger physicians with less exercise were significantly associated with moderate/severe stress. Only slightly more than half (53.0%) had a good sense of well-being. Nearly 30% had irregular health surveillance. The two most common reasons were unavailability/no time and having no symptoms. Thai participating physicians were still active professionally and had mixed health habits. Most consumed a moderate to high fiber diet and had regular health surveillance; however, with less exercise and some degree of stress. More than half were self-assessed to have a good sense of well-being.

Workplace factors affecting migrant workers' health

Introduction. Migrant workers are individuals who relocate from their country of origin to another to engage in economic pursuits. Working conditions, the work environment and process, lifestyle and habits of workers have an impact on the results of work and the health of workers. These factors are called risk factors and cannot be completely eliminated, but they can be controlled. The aim of the study was to examine the actual factors affecting the health of migrant workers at the workplace. Materials and methods. Eighty Korean compatriots from different countries who resides in “Korean Compatriot Village” were interviewed using a questionnaire. To analyze the survey results, the SPSS Statistics program, version 25, was used. Results. Migrants who work more than 12 hours a day have worse health over time. Noise can cause health problems and diseases. Time for work and rest, work responsibilities affect weight gain and lead to health changes. Limitation. Migrant workers weren’t asked about home country work experiences and start of work in Korean factories. The researcher didn’t know Korean factories well, hence detailed questions couldn’t be formulated. Conclusion. Most respondents were young Korean compatriots who came to Korea to work. They experienced stress and fatigue due to the burden of responsibility and worry for their relatives. For elderly migrant workers it’s difficult to find work in home country and the problems with the musculoskeletal system occur due to their lack of work experience in such production and their advanced age.

Predictive Validity of Anesthesiologists' Quality of Clinical Supervision and Nurse Anesthetists' Work Habits Assessed by Their Associations With Operating Room Times.

At all Joint Commission-accredited hospitals, the anesthesia department chair must report quantitative assessments of anesthesiologists' and nurse anesthetists' (CRNAs') clinical performance at least annually. Most metrics lack evidence of usefulness, cost-effectiveness, reliability, or validity. Earlier studies showed that anesthesiologists' clinical supervision quality and CRNAs' work habits have content, convergent, discriminant, and construct validity. We evaluated predictive validity by testing for (expected) small but statistically significant associations between higher quality of supervision (work habits) and reduced probabilities of cases taking longer than estimated. Supervision quality of each anesthesiologist was evaluated daily by assigned trainees using the 9-item de Oliveira Filho scale. The work habits of each CRNA were evaluated daily by assigned anesthesiologists using a 6-item scale. Both are scored binary, 1 if all items are rated the maximum, 0 otherwise. From 40,718 supervision evaluations and 53,722 work habit evaluations over 8 fiscal years, 16 mixed-effects logistic regression models were estimated, with raters as fixed effects and ratees (anesthesiologists or CRNAs) as random effects. Empirical Bayes means in the logit scale were obtained for 561 anesthesiologist-years and 605 CRNA-years. The binary-dependent variable was whether the case took longer than estimated from the historical mean time for combinations of scheduled procedures and surgeons. From 264,060 cases, 8 mixed-effects logistic regression models were fitted, 1 per fiscal year, using ratees as random effects. Predictive validity was tested by pairing the 8 one-year analyses of clinical supervision, and the 8 one-year analyses of work habits, by ratee, with the 8 one-year analyses of whether OR time was longer than estimated. Bivariate errors in variable linear least squares linear regressions minimized total variances. Among anesthesiologists, 8.2% (46/561) had below-average supervision quality, and 17.7% (99/561), above-average. Among CRNAs, 6.3% (38/605) had below-average work habits, and 10.9% (66/605) above-average. Increases in the logits of the quality of clinical supervision were associated with decreases in the logits of the probabilities of cases taking longer than estimated, unitless slope = -0.0361 (SE, 0.0053), P < .00001. Increases in the logits of CRNAs' work habits were associated with decreases in the logits of probabilities of cases taking longer than estimated, slope = -0.0238 (SE, 0.0054), P < .00001. Predictive validity was confirmed, providing further evidence for using supervision and work habits scales for ongoing professional practice evaluations. Specifically, OR times were briefer when anesthesiologists supervised residents more closely, and when CRNAs had better work habits.