Habermas's Theory Research Articles

CSR AND BRANDING BASED ON ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE: HABERMAS' CRITICAL THEORY

The purpose of this research is to explore the concept of CSR branding from the perspective of Islam and through the communication theory of Habermas. CSR is understood as a form of corporate responsibility that involves social concern for the environment in order to strengthen its positive image in society. However, some companies distort the concept of CSR towards branding, which is considered by the majority of society as a manipulative act. In Habermas' communication theory, CSR is one form of communicating the social and environmental effects of a company's economic actions on certain groups in society as a whole. And from an Islamic perspective, CSR branding can be communicated effectively and is permissible as long as it does not violate Sharia principles such as honesty, transparency, and avoiding things that contradict Islamic values

THE PROBLEMS OF JÜRGEN HABERMAS’s DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY THEORY

Jürgen Habermas a German philosopher who adopts of Karl Marx’s thought in the social order. However, Habermas does not immediately accept of the raw Marx’s thought. Habermas with rationalism as the epistemology. The Critical Theory criticize the sciences positive as the science of economics, sociology, technology, psychology; and also philosophy. The sciences is not questioned the direction of the process of the community itself. In a critique of the ideology of Habermas through the role of basic ethics and adopt the Immanuel Kant’s thought. Habermas to a blurb about dialectical theory of hermeneutic action through Aufhebung (hermeneutics of philosophy and psychoanalysis). Habermas was critique to postmodernism that universal as hegemony and discriminative to getting a plural morality Habermas's critical theory is a kind of epistemology that seeks to mate between objectivity and subjectivity, between scientists and philosophers, between the ontentic and the articulate. Critical theory also tries to expose the traditional theory, because it positions the object as untouchable, as it is. So difficult to capture its meaning by humans. This makes the object seem very sacred and must be received unanimously. The democracy of Habermas is deliberative democracy. Deliberative democracy aims to find a middle ground between Western liberalism and Asian and Islamic communitism. This assumption is established in a democratic form in the form of an intensive political system and public sphere.

Educational Institutions and Indoctrination

AbstractThe concept of indoctrination is typically used to characterize the actions of individual educators. However, it has become increasingly common for citizens to raise concerns about the indoctrinatory effects of institutions such as schools and universities. Are such worries fundamentally misconceived, or might some state of affairs obtain under which it can be rightly said that an educational institution is engaged in indoctrination? In this paper Christopher Martin outlines what the concept of institutional indoctrination could mean. He then uses Jürgen Habermas's discourse theory in order to develop a specific conception of institutional indoctrination: an educational institution indoctrinates when it exercises its authority in order to support the deliberative norm that some belief P ought to be exempt from tests of or challenges to its truth or rightness just because it is belief P. Martin argues that this norm undermines conditions of symmetrical and inclusive public discourse essential to the development of knowledge and understanding among free and equal citizens. That is, institutional indoctrination involves a closing of the public mind.

Truth, Moral Rightness, and Justification: A Habermasian Perspective on Decolonizing the University

AbstractIn this paper, Anniina Leiviskä examines the moral, political, and epistemic claims of the social justice movement known as “decolonizing the university” from the perspective of Jürgen Habermas's distinction between objective and normative validity and the respective notions of truth and moral rightness. Leiviskä challenges the view, held by some representatives of decolonization, that the normative and epistemic claims of the movement are inseparable from each other and suggests that evaluating the justification of the movement requires holding these claims at least analytically distinguishable. She argues that while the moral and political claims of “decolonizing the university” find strong justification through Habermas's discourse morality, its epistemic claims, especially the rejection of shared standards of knowledge, might have epistemically problematic consequences. Accordingly, Leiviskä suggests here that the epistemic justification of decolonization is conditional on the acceptance of shared epistemic standards — the pragmatic truth concept and the criterion of impartiality — which she develops in the paper on the basis of Habermas's pragmatic theory of truth and rational discourse as a model of justification. Finally, she proposes that the implications of these criteria for practices of higher education and the curriculum should be determined through an open and unconstrained discussion by the members of an inclusive university community.

The Synthesis of “Ujamaaism” of Nyerere and Habermas’ Critical Social Theory

The main aim of this paper was to demonstrate the synthesis of “Ujamaaism” of Nyerere and Habermas’s critical social theory. However, the study used critical and analytical methods. “Ujamaaism” is a new term coined by the author to explain the socialist theory of Nyerere. The study found that critical social theory elements were in a good position to correct the “Ujamaaism” of Nyerere to be a more useful theory because it failed to realise its expectations. It follows that the critical social theory of Habermas was in a good position to have the best correction for reinstating “Ujamaaism” praxis in Tanzania because of its nature of critical consciousness, critical reflection, enlightenment, autonomy as well as emancipation, which help human being to come out from all social restrictions and conditionalities that hinder them from reaching self-awareness. These values were not much reflected by Nyerere, as a result, the study aimed to re-create the “Ujamaaism” of Nyerere

Rawls, Habermas and Liberal Democratic Law

The theoretical undertakings of both Rawls and Habermas pivot on an aspiration to explain (and surely to promote through explanation) the Enlightenment ideal of reason reflected in the idea of liberal democracy. The thoughts developed in my book The Concept of Liberal Democratic Law (2020, CLDL hereafter) pivot on the same aspiration. What obviously distinguishes the theoretical undertaking in CLDL from those of Habermas and Rawls, is the greater emphasis in CLDL on the precariousness of this ideal of reason. This article first gives a short exposition of some of the main lines of thought developed in CLDL. It then moves on to an analysis of Rawls’ theory of political liberalism and Habermas’ discourse-theoretical explanation of the legitimacy of modern law through the prism of the key elements of CLDL highlighted in the first part of the article.

Multiethnic Society in the Concept of Transformational Justice: Case Study of Salatiga City

This study aims to see the harmony of diversity in Salatiga City using the concept of transformational justice. Transformational justice is a proposed type of justice model from F. Budi Hardiman, based on Derrida's theory of deconstructivism and Juergen Habermas's discourse theory. This is socio-legal research, studying law empirically by elaborating law with data in the form of observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study present what things make Salatiga City a Tolerant City. With the various results presented, the researcher then discussed them with Hardiman's perspective regarding the concept of transformational justice. The results of the study show that the transformative features of various elements in the society of Salatiga City in terms of pre-political social existence are not eliminated in public dialogue.

Analysis of the legitimacy of carbon tariffs—from the perspective of Habermas's legitimacy theory

Analysis of the legitimacy of carbon tariffs—from the perspective of Habermas's legitimacy theory

Habermas Theory of Deliberative Democracy as a Contribution to the Legitimacy of Judge Performance in Climate Change Cases - Urgenda v. The Netherlands

Habermas Theory of Deliberative Democracy as a Contribution to the Legitimacy of Judge Performance in Climate Change Cases - Urgenda v. The Netherlands

초등교사의 비언어적 의사소통 행동 유형 연구

Objectives This study is to explore the types of nonverbal communication behaviors of elementary school teachers based on communication theory. Methods This study was conducted as a philosophical and psychological integrated approach to education that can scientifically support various perspectives on human behavior and human behavior and psychological processes for the study of teachers' nonverbal communication behavioral types. Based on the communication theoretical exploration of Jurgen Habermas and Satir, a literature study was conducted on the types of nonverbal communication behaviors of teachers. Results Looking at many previous studies, the nonverbal communication behaviors of teachers focused on the personal aspect with emphasis on the teacher's personality traits. In this study, the teacher's nonverbal communication behavior was considered not only in the personal aspect of the teacher but also in the social and environmental context through Habermas and Satir's communication theoretical exploration and classification of nonverbal behavioral factors according to previous studies on nonverbal communication behavior. The behavioral patterns that appear according to the necessity of children were divided into two types: body language type and environment language type. As sub-elements, body language type communication behavior types using body organs such as body movements, body sensations, and voices, and environmental language type communication behavior types using physical time and space, artificial symbols, and social systems as sub-elements. classified. Conclusions Conclusion When looking at the types of communication behaviors of teachers in the existing studies in the context of elementary school classrooms, our gaze is focused on the teacher's individual personality traits and the differences between verbal communication behavior and nonverbal communication behavior. There have been many studies that have measured the frequency. In this study, which was conducted to overcome the limitations that were difficult to categorize because the complexity of the nonverbal communication system and the range of its elements are very wide, based on the communication theory of Habermas and Satir, various nonverbal elements appearing in the nonverbal communication behavior of teachers were identified as common. In addition to understanding the characteristics of an individual teacher with a body, the teacher's communication behavior type is an integrated perspective of the temporal and spatial environment of school, classroom, class, and situation, which are the real life contexts in which the individual is involved. will have to be understood as.

Critical theory, Peirce and the theory of society

The second-generation critical theory of Apel and Habermas was substantially built on the semiotic pragmatism of Charles Peirce. Along with critical theory generally, this variation requires a theory of society in which to embed its wide-ranging normative commitments. The article proposes re-orienting Habermas’s decades-old theory of communicative action, which contained essential pointers to a critical theory of society that has never been adequately taken up in either the critical social sciences or critical theory proper. Revising Habermas, Peirce is drawn upon to crystallize the preferred critical semiotic realist theory of society. Asemiotic social ontology of the necessary range and scope is accordingly put forward that centres on inferential communal reasoning within the wider contexts of social perception and social actuality. The resulting approach, overcoming established dichotomies, is realist and processual as well as substantive, critical as well as hermeneutic and phenomenological, transcendent as well as immanent, realist as well as idealist, a priori as well as a posteriori, cognitive as well as normative, macro as well as micro, individual as well as collective and creative as well as habitual.

Science popularization from the perspective of the theory of communicative action

This theoretical article proposes using Jürgen Habermas's theory of communicative action (TCA) as a normative instruction for texts intended for science popularization (SP). We used TCA approaches, such as the validity claims that should characterize argumentative debate and the interactive processes with ‘lifeworld’ components (culture, person and society), to create a theoretical relationship between Habermas's theory and SP practices. We propose that the TCA aligns with the objectives of a dialogic communication about science with the non-specialist public and can contribute to perspectives that emphasize dialogue about science in society. We conclude that the premises of communicative action can guide SP policies.

Why do systems for responding to concerns and complaints so often fail patients, families and healthcare staff? A qualitative study

Healthcare organisations' responses to concerns and complaints often fall short of the expectations of patients and staff who raise them, and substandard responses to concerns and complaints have been implicated in organisational failures. Informed by Habermas's systems theory, we offer new insights into the features of organisations' responses to concerns and complaints that give rise to these problems. We draw on a large qualitative dataset, comprising 88 predominantly narrative interviews with people raising and responding to concerns and complaints in six English NHS organisations. In common with past studies, many participants described frustrations with systems and processes that seemed ill-equipped to deal with concerns of the kinds they raised. Departing from existing analyses, we identify the influence of functional rationality, as conceptualised by Habermas, and embodied in procedures, pathways and scripts for response, in producing this dissatisfaction. Functionally rational processes were well equipped to deal with simple, readily categorised concerns and complaints. They were less well placed to respond adequately to concerns and complaints that were complex, cross-cutting, or irreducible to predetermined criteria for redress and resolution. Drawing on empirical examples and on Habermas's theory of communicative action, we offer suggestions for alternative and supplementary approaches to responding to concerns and complaints that might better address both the expectations of complainants and the improvement of services.

Trump's January 6 Address: Hate Speech or Freedom of Speech? A Transdisciplinary Study

PurposeThis research is a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of Trump's speech on January 6, 2021, which results in his supporters' storming the US Capitol in order to challenge certifying Biden's victory. The Democrats accused Trump of incitement of insurrection. Consequently, Trump was impeached. This article investigates Trump's speech to label it as hate speech or free speech.Design/methodology/approachAnalytical framework is tri-dimensional. The textual analysis is based on Halliday's notion of process types and Huckin's discourse tools of foregrounding and topicalization. The socio-cognitive analysis is based on Van Dijk's ideological square and his theory of mental models. The philosophical dimension is founded on Habermas's theory of discourse. These parameters are the cornerstones of the barometer that will be utilized to reach an objective evaluation of Trump's speech.FindingsFindings suggest that Trump usually endows “I, We, You” with topic positions to lay importance on himself and his supporters. He frequently uses material process to urge the crowds' action. He categorizes Americans into two conflicting poles: He and his supporters versus the media and the Democrats. Mental models are created and activated so that the other is always negatively depicted. Reports about corruption are denied in court. Despite that, Trump repeats such reports. This is immoral in Habermas's terms. The study concludes that Trump delivered hate speech in order to incite the mob to act in a manner that may change the election results.Originality/valueThe study is original in its tri-dimensional framework and its data of analysis.

Karşılaştırılmalı Bir Çalışma: İbn-i Haldun un Asabiyesi ve Habermas ın Hayat-Evreni

This study will generally examine the theory of Habermas' life-world and Ibn Khaldun's asabiyah, comparatively. After Derrida’s death, Habermas is known as one of the greatest philosophers and sociologists living in our age. He established a very comprehensive 'life-world' theory by taking sociological materials from numerous philosophers and sociologists. Ibn Khaldun is considered to be the founding father of modern sociology. He is famous for analysing historical events in a deterministic way, with a cause-effect relationship. I think it would be a very productive study to compare the concepts and ideas he developed with certain theories of Habermas, especially in socio-economic terms. In this study, I will first investigate cultural reproduction and its functions such as social integration, the formation of belonging, socialization, responsibility awareness, solidarity, and social legitimacy, in the theory of Habermas. Then I will study their correspondents with regard to Ibn Khaldun’s asabiyah theory.

Budget Accountability in The Perspective of Habermas Communicative Action Theory

Objectively, the purpose of this study is to produce a concept of accountability that is free from domination, which can synergize the accountability of the executive, legislative, and community and is oriented towards the liberation of communication. The expected result of this research is to be able to contribute, both theoretically and practically. The ideas from this research can be used as a reference for other researchers to test empirically with different approaches. Virtually, this research provides an idea for the opening of space for the public to be actively involved in all stages of the public accountability process to give input or criticism in the context of policy-making. To explore social reality as empirical material, the collaboration of several methods in this research was carried out as follows: Observation and interviews. Furthermore, based on the collected data, it will be netted and grouped based on specific categories and codes. Based on the previous description, this study produces a concept of accountability which the author calls triple accountability. Practically in the author's view, this concept is quite effectively implemented. This view adopts Habermas's communicative action theory that communication based rationality effectively overcomes social problems in human life, including government order.

Is Performance-Based Budgeting Only a Mirage?

The aim of this paper is to describe reality of performance-based budgeting in Indonesia. Bureaucratic reform still becomes important issue in the government area, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. One part in bureaucratic reform is the change in government budgeting system. In many countries, this case seems to be imposed, thus the implementation is inappropriate to its truly concept. Critical theories become paradigm used in this paper. Critical theory of Habermas selected as methodology in achieving goal towards the writing of this paper, because Habermas’s thought is very suitable to the issue raised in this paper, which is consensus path that replaces revolution path as offered by Marx. The importance of interaction emphasized on Habermas’s thought becomes basic of analysis due to the interaction or communication based on norm, inter-subjective, demanding role internalization, demanding maintenance of social institution, and action in order to achieve understanding. Performance-based budgeting that should become solution in achieving people welfare still not optimally implemented yet. Physically, the resulted budget has been in performance-based budgeting; however, in fact, indicators of budgeting benefit to the fulfillment of public service still ignored. The incremental system, planning that not based on performance, budget inefficiency to the useless expenditure for public, high political interference, also less budgeting control keep involved in regional budgeting in Indonesia. Contradiction between politics and budgeting culture that implemented recently is obstacle for maximal implementation of performance-based budgeting system. This is the reason why the implementation of performance-based budgeting system in developing countries, including Indonesia, cannot be the same with developed countries. There are many research opportunities that can be followed up from this paper such as study about budgeting culture using ethnography perspective and in-depth research about philosophical aspect from performance-based budgeting ideology with state ideology.

RELIGIOUS ETHICS IN THE PUBLIC SPACE

This article is considered important based on the existence of religious-social phenomena that occur in the Ngapeh hamlet, Rejoagung village, Ngoro, Jombang district. In the Ngapeh hamlet community, there are three religions that live in harmony and harmony, namely Islam, Christianity and Hinduism. Islam is the majority religious group while Christians and Hindus are minority religious groups. Ngapeh Hamlet in Rejoagung Village can be said to be a unique area. Imagine a hamlet in the context of a small life but there is no domination of power from the majority of the people. The Muslim Ummah as the majority group is the prime mover in maintaining harmony between adherents of one religion and another. Christians and Hindus as minority groups do not experience discrimination from other ummah (Muslims). They are free to practice their beliefs and worship according to their respective religions. The research question to be answered in this study is how the pattern of religious interaction among the community in Rejoagung village, Ngoro sub-district, Jombang district, especially what occurs in Ngapah hamlet in implementing their diversity in public space as a form of a religious community ethics. To answer this question, in this study, Habermas' theory of communicative action is used which states that religious ethics is addressed by the public. In this paper it is found that the ethics of the religious community in public spaces are based on the role and function of religion itself. The function of religion in this paper is found three functions. First, religion as a force / dogma, religion as a sacred thing and religion as a spiritual act. Based on these three functions of religion, then based on Habermas's theory of discourse that in carrying out religious precepts in the Rejoagung village community, it is not only based on good things and is closed from political interests but religion must be a person's view of life and become a guide in ethics in the room. public.

The ‘one to five’ method - A tool for ethical communication in groups among healthcare professionals

Healthcare professionals have expressed a wish for facilitated inter-professional communications about ethical difficulties experienced in clinical practice. The introduction of an easily accessible method for facilitating ethical communication in groups may promote its implementation in everyday clinical practice. The aim of this paper was to draw on previous studies and available knowledge in order to develop and describe a method that enables systematic implementation of inter-professional ethical communication in groups. The ‘one-to-five method’ for facilitated ethical communication in groups is theoretically inspired by Habermas's theory of communicative actions and base on previous studies that accords with the Helsinki Declaration (2013). The ‘one to five method’ supports guidance of ethical communication in five steps: telling the story about the situation; reflections and dialogue concerning the emotions involved; formulation of the problem/dilemma; analysis of the situation and the dilemma; and searching for a choice of action or approach. It offers an easily accessible method for teaching healthcare professionals how to facilitate ethics communication groups. Educating facilitators closely connected to clinical work may lead to ethical dialogue becoming a natural part of clinical practice for healthcare professionals.

Habermas y el neoliberalismo

La teoría de Habermas no se ocupó directamente del neoliberalismo, pero cuando se analiza su obra se percibe que muchos de los conceptos de este gran “marxista académico” han estado dirigidos a estudiar (y combatir) los efectos duraderos de las transformaciones neoliberales. Desde el punto de vista de la crítica al neoliberalismo, su ética del discurso y su teoría de la democracia pueden ser consideradas como un intento por abrir el horizonte normativo desde el cual confrontar contra la apropiación instrumental e individualista de las instituciones de la libertad y la democracia modernas. Esta reconstrucción en el ámbito de una normatividad todavía posible para nuestras sociedades sirve de contrapeso y permite estudiar los modos en los que el neoliberalismo se sobrepone a sus crisis y enfrenta a sus críticos. Esta reconstrucción en el ámbito de una normatividad todavía posible para nuestras sociedades sirve de contrapeso y permite estudiar los modos en los que el neoliberalismo se sobrepone a sus crisis y enfrenta a sus críticos. La curiosa existencia-zombi de la política neoliberal, su supervivencia a pesar de sus contrastables efectos destructivos y depredadores, la dificultad para llevar a la práctica verdaderas alternativas democráticas a ese neoliberalismo, todos estos problemas forman parte de la teoría crítica en la que Habermas persevera desde hace más de cuarenta años. En este extenso recorrido, Habermas ha dejado el rastro de una verdadera teoría del neoliberalismo contemporáneo que aquí nos proponemos revisar de una manera esquemática y provisoria.