H2O2 Concentration Research Articles

Foliar application of nano-silicon enhances drought tolerance rate of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) by regulation of abscisic acid signaling

Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is an herbaceous ornamental and medicinal plant. Climate models predict a reduction of precipitations and increasing the average temperature. Therefore, agricultural plants will be more frequently exposed to water deficit stress. To investigate the influence of nano-silicon foliar application (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg L− 1) on the alleviation of drought stress (100, 75, and 50% Field capacity (FC)) adverse effects on marigold plant characteristics, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The chlorophyll content of plants treated with nano-silicon 200 mg L− 1 decreased by 8.39% when drought stress increased from 100 to 50% FC. In line with electrolyte leakage percentage, the highest malondialdehyde and H2O2 content was measured in non-treated plants under a drought level of 50% FC. The activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes increased with increasing nano-silicon concentration and drought stress severity. Under all levels of nano-silicon treatment, the cell’s abscisic acid content increased with increasing drought severity. Also, the highest abscisic acid content was measured in plants treated with nano-silicon 100 and 200 mg L− 1. There was a significant negative correlation between electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and H2O2 content, and morphological characteristics, photosynthetic pigments content, total protein, and antioxidant enzymes activity. The positive effect of nano-silicon application is correlated with enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity, membrane stability, and cell osmotic potential. Also, one of the most critical mechanisms of silicon’s effect on the alleviation of stress damage is the regulation of abscisic acid signaling. As a result, foliar application of nano-silicon could be introduced as a promising and influential technique to overcome the adverse effects of drought stress on morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of the marigold plant.

Surface plasmon resonance to trace and measure cancer cell apoptosis using morphological and refractive index changes

Morphological changes of cancer cells are often used as an important indicator within efficiency studies of anticancer drugs. Morphological cell analysis on cell size and shape distribution is typically performed using microscopic methods, which are time consuming and require skilled personnel. Recently, more advanced image processing and pattern recognition have enabled identification and quantitative analysis of the cell’s abnormality and classification in an automated way. However, these methods usually involve multiple staining steps. In addition to computational complexity, the processes greatly compromise real-time applications of the system. Therefore, a non-invasive, real-time method allowing for assessment of living cells’ reactions to a death inducer is very much needed. Here, we present an SPR biosensor that measures the changes in cancer cells’ size and detachment, relating the cell confluency with the changes of the refractive index on the cell-substrate interface. As a proof-of-concept, we chose HeLa cell and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced apoptosis as the model system to study the morphological changes of the cell. The results show that the SPR response to cell apoptosis agreed with the cellular morphological changes observed via microscopy. Interestingly, we observed simultaneous apoptosis and necrosis at high H2O2 concentrations. This simultaneous occurrence was verified using a mathematical model which incorporated other important factors such as cell thickness and intercellular refractive index. This model helped resolve the disagreement between SPR signal and cell confluency at high H2O2 concentrations. Our results show the potential of SPR as a label free and real time monitoring method for morphological changes and surface detachment of cancer cells. This method can be fully expanded to other cell-based sensing applications.

Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy of Alkaline Plasma-Activated Water through Augmented RONS Production.

Despite notable advances in anticancer drug development, their manufacture and use pose environmental and health risks due to toxic byproducts, drug residue contamination, and cytotoxicity to normal cells. Therefore, developing cost-effective anticancer treatments with fewer toxic side effects and higher selectivity is essential to the advancement of highly effective anticancer therapies. Plasma-activated water (PAW) offers a green alternative to conventional chemical treatments as it reverts to water within days. However, the limited duration and dose of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in acidified PAW restrict its clinical deployment and the full understanding of their mechanism. In this study, we propose alkaline PAW as an innovative enhancement of the RONS technology. The alkaline PAW generated markedly superior RONS, with about 10 times higher levels of NO2-, H2O2, and ONOO-/O2•- than acidic PAW. The possible RONS generation pathways in alkaline PAW are analyzed by scavengers. In conventional acidic PAW, 70% of the H2O2 concentration is contributed by •OH but only about 20% in alkaline PAW. ONOO- is mainly formed through the reaction of O2•- with NO in alkaline pH, while in acidic PAW, it mainly forms from NO2- and H2O2. The results unveiled the synergistic and formidable anticancer effects of alkaline PAW against cancer cells, typified by an increase in intracellular ROS/RNS levels. Furthermore, alkaline PAW injection also effectively prevented xenograft tumor growth in mice. We systematically investigated this high-dose anticancer solution without using noble gases, toxic reagents, or extra energy consumption and successfully demonstrated the possibility of alkaline PAW being an effective and environmentally friendly therapeutic technology. The activity is closely linked to the RONS dose, and the generation pathway provides much-needed insight into the fundamental aspects of PAW chemistry required for the optimization of the biochemical activity of PAW.

Pseudomonas oryzihabitans D1-104/3 and P. gessardii C31-106/3 differentially modulate the antioxidative response of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) to salt stress

IntroductionThe common duckweed (L. minor) is a model organism for investigation of plant physiology, especially stress-related responses. Its two physiological characteristics are of special interest: (1) salt-stressed duckweeds may accumulate starch, a precursor for biofuel; (2) duckweeds are associated with various beneficial (plant-growth promoting, PGP) bacterial strains. In this paper, we analyzed the role of two bacterial strains: Pseudomonas oryzihabitans D1-104/3 and P. gessardii C31-106/3 in regulation of duckweed's growth and antioxidative responses to salt (10 and 100 mM NaCl) and hypothesized that they alleviate salt-induced oxidative stress.MethodsFresh and dry weight, frond number, photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (AsA), proline, total polyphenol (TPC) and starch content, as well as antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymatic activity were measured after 14 days. Fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize bacterial presence on duckweeds.ResultsFluorescence microscope revealed that Pseudomonas bacteria colonized all duckweed surfaces. The doubling time of duckweeds inoculated with P. gessardii C31-106/3 was significantly longer. Additionally, at 0 and 10 mM NaCl, this strain decreased chlorosis in duckweeds. Moreover, P. gessardii C31-106/3 increased dry-to-fresh-weight ratio, proline, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content at 100 mM, as well as AsA content in plants in NaCl-free medium, while P. oryzihabitans D1-104/3 increased AsA at 100 mM NaCl. Both bacterial strains decreased lipid peroxidation, while P. gessardii C31-106/3 increased and P. oryzihabitans D1-104/3 decreased H2O2 content at 100 mM and 0 mM NaCl, respectively. Bacteria significantly increased TPC and antioxidant capacity at 100 mM NaCl, particularly P. oryzihabitans D1-104/3. After 14 days, the SOD and POX activities were at the same level in all samples. At 100 mM NaCl, CAT activity was increased in all plants.DiscussionThe results of this study show that two Pseudomonas strains had markedly different effects on duckweed: while P. oryzihabitans D1-104/3 supported growth, P. gessardii C31-106/3 prioritized salt stress tolerance in duckweeds.

Transformation of persistent organic micropollutants by UV and UV/H2O2 in wastewater treatment plant effluent

ABSTRACT Photochemical and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are promising options to simultaneously disinfect wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and degrade organic micropollutants (OMPs). In the present study, kinetic experiments with UV alone and the combination of UV and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an AOP were conducted in WWTP effluent (with and without ultrafiltration) to assess the degradation of 24 OMP, 13 of which were examined for the first time, in a flow-through batch reactor setup. Four parameters were systematically varied to quantify their impacts on OMP degradation: H2O2 concentrations, UV source, water matrix, and flow rate. Most of the studied OMPs (e.g., trimethylammonium, 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine, carbamazepine) were only significantly degraded in the presence of UV radiation and H2O2. The highest pseudo-first-order rate constants were found for diclofenac, acesulfame, diatrizoate, and sulfamethoxazole. The experiment with the highest degradation also showed the strongest abatement of UV absorbance at 254 nm. Only three of the 24 substances (cyanoguanidine, melamine, and oxipurinol) were not degraded; UV alone even increased their concentrations. Overall, upgrading a UV disinfection to an AOP using H2O2 allows the degradation of a wide range of OMP, making it an interesting process for water reuse.

Investigation of Impact of Oxidative Stress on Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Exposed to Static Compression

Oxidative stress (OS) is a common feature of many inflammatory diseases, oral pathologies, and aging processes. The impact of OS on periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in relation to oral pathologies, including periodontal diseases, has been investigated in different studies. However, its impact on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remains poorly understood. This study used an in vitro model with human PDLCs previously exposed to H2O2 to investigate the effects of OS under a static compressive force which simulated the conditions of OTM. Human PDLCs were treated with varying concentrations of H2O2 to identify sub-lethal doses that affected viability minimally. To mimic compromised conditions resembling OTM under OS, the cells were pretreated with the selected H2O2 concentrations for 24 h. Using an in vitro loading model, a static compressive force (2 g/cm2) was applied for an additional 24 h. The cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity were evaluated using live/dead and resazurin assays. Apoptosis induction was assessed based on caspase-3/7 activity. The gene expression related to bone remodeling (RUNX2, TNFRSF11B/OPG, BGLAP), inflammation (IL6, CXCL8/IL8, PTGS2/COX2), apoptosis (CASP3, CASP8), and autophagy (MAP1LC3A/LC3, BECN1) was analyzed using RT-qPCR. This study suggests an altering effect of previous OS exposure on static-compression-related mechanosensing. Further research is needed to fully elucidate these mechanisms.

Investigation of Oxidative-Stress Impact on Human Osteoblasts During Orthodontic Tooth Movement Using an In Vitro Tension Model

In recent years, there has been a growing number of adult orthodontic patients with periodontal disease. The progression of periodontal disease is well-linked to oxidative stress (OS). Nevertheless, the impact of OS on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is not fully clarified. Therefore, we applied an OS in vitro-model utilizing H2O2 to study its effect on tension-induced mechanotransduction in human osteoblasts (hOBs). Experimental parameters were established based on cell viability and proliferation. Apoptosis detection was based on caspase-3/7 activity. Gene expression related to bone-remodeling (RUNX2, P2RX7, TNFRSF11B/OPG), inflammation (CXCL8/IL8, IL6, PTRGS2/COX2), autophagy (MAP1LC3A/LC3, BECN1), and apoptosis (CASP3, CASP8) was analyzed by RT-qPCR. IL6 and PGE2 secretion were determined by ELISA. Tension increased the expression of PTRGS2/COX2 in all groups, especially after stimulation with higher H2O2 concentration. This corresponds also to the measured PGE2 concentrations. CXCL8/IL8 was upregulated in all groups. Cells subjected to tension alone showed a general upregulation of osteogenic differentiation-related genes; however, pre-stimulation with OS did not induce significant changes especially towards downregulation. MAP1LC3A/LC3, BECN1 and CASP8 were generally upregulated in cells without OS pre-stimulation. Our results suggest that OS might have considerable impacts on cellular behavior during OTM.

Self‐Actuated Clot‐Piercing Nanoassembly Enabling Adaptable Drug Activation and Synergistic Thrombus Ablation

AbstractClinical thrombus therapy continues to be challenged by unsatisfactory antithrombotic outcomes and high bleeding risk. Rational design of prodrugs for thrombolytic agents is expected to ameliorate this situation. Nevertheless, a significant obstacle is the inadequate penetration of prodrugs and prodrug‐engineered nanomedicines, which hampers their effective interaction with the excessive stimuli produced in thrombi, resulting in suboptimal drug activation. Herein, a clot‐piercing nanoassembly is reported to facilitate photothermal clot penetration, adaptable drug activation, anti‐inflammatory action, and synergetic antithrombotic therapy, the nanoassembly is molecularly co‐assembled using a photothermal photosensitizer and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐sensitive antiplatelet dimeric prodrug. The nanoassembly demonstrates multiple advantages, including facile fabrication, high drug co‐loading capacity, long circulation time in the blood, thrombus‐targeting accumulation, photothermal‐potentiated clot‐piercing deep penetration, on‐demand prodrug activation in response to high H2O2 concentrations inside the clots, and anti‐inflammatory/antiplatelet synergy. These advantages result in significantly enhanced antithrombotic efficacy in vivo with favorable safety. This study presents a new paradigm for the development of prodrug‐driven antithrombotic nanomedicines.

Multi-responsive biosensor prepared based on MXene and PDEA-HRP binary architecture films for H2O2 detection and logic gate construction.

The quantitative detection of H2O2 is of great significance for preventing the occurrence of diseases. In this work, an electrochemical biosensor for detecting H2O2 was constructed through a step-by-step modification method. The PDEA-HRP/MXene/PG biosensor (PDEA=poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide), HRP=horseradish peroxidase, PG=pyrolytic graphite) was prepared with two-dimensional metal carbide (MXene) nano materials as the inner layer and PDEA-HRP hydrogel as the outer layer for the detection of H2O2. Due to the excellent conductivity and biocompatibility of MXene materials, the prepared PDEA-HRP/MXene/PG biosensors have high sensitivity, wide linear range, and good repeatability. The results indicated that under optimal conditions, the prepared biosensor can detect H2O2 concentration within a linear range of 0.04mM ∼ 1.80mM, with the detection limit of 1.08×10-3mM (S/N=3). The detection effect was good in actual samples. In addition, based on the switching properties of PDEA-HRP hydrogel under different conditions, combined with the characteristics of MXene nanomaterials. This study also constructed several biomolecule electrocatalytic logic gate systems, including binary 5-Input/5-Output logic gate network, 2-to-4 decoder, and a ternary AND logic gates.

Construction and synthesis of NiCo2O4nanozyme for enhanced antibacterial performance.

Developing effective and low-cost enzyme-like nanomaterials to kill bacteria is vital for human health. Herein, Nanorod-assembled NiCo2O4microsphere were prepared though a facile hydrothermal method, and it showed highly enhanced peroxidase-like activity than pure Co3O4due to its large surface area and abundant active sites. The NiCo2O4possess the ability to catalyze H2O2to generate large amounts of •O2-, which can be used for bacteriostatic application. Especially, the antibacterial system combining the spiky NiCo2O4particles and a low concentration of H2O2(100 μM) exhibits an excellent bacteriostatic efficiency against bothE. coli(94.44%) andS. aureus(93.45%).&#xD.

Interfacial Oxygen Vacancy of CuOx-CeO2 Enhances H2O2 Activation and Pollutant Degradation.

In the Fenton process, the development of catalysts with a wide pH range and good stability has been a long-term goal in water treatment technology. This study proposes a strategy to solve this problem by preparing supported catalysts CuOx@CeO2-IE using an ion exchange reversed loading method. The generation of a large number of interfacial oxygen vacancies with Cu-OV-Ce (OV represents an oxygen vacancy site) structures prolongs the O-O bond of H2O2, promotes the rupture of the peroxide bond of H2O2, and thereby promotes the activation of H2O2 on the surface of the catalyst. The results show that with a H2O2 concentration of 5 mM and CuOx@CeO2-IE at 50 mg/L, the removal rate of bisphenol A is 94.1% in 60 min, in which •OH dominates the degradation process. Moreover, the system can operate well within a relatively wide pH range (4-8). This study provides a novel strategy for the design of Fenton catalysts with a wide pH suitability and excellent stability.

Coupling Probiotics with CaO2 Nanoparticle-Loaded CoFeCe-LDH Nanosheets to Remodel the Tumor Microenvironment for Precise Chemodynamic Therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has become an emerging cancer treatment strategy with advantages of tumor-specificity, high selectivity, and low systemic toxicity. However, it usually suffers from low therapeutic efficacy. This is caused by low hydroxyl radical (·OH) yield arising because of the relatively high pH, overexpressed glutathione, and low H2O2 concentration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a probiotic metabolism-initiated pH reduction and H2O2 supply-enhanced CDT strategy is reported to eradicate tumors by generating ·OH, in which Lactobacillus acidophilus is coupled with CoFeCe-layered double hydroxide nanosheets loaded with CaO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as a chemodynamic platform for high-efficiency CDT (CaO2/LDH@L. acidophilus). Owing to the hypoxia tropism of L. acidophilus, CaO2/LDH@L. acidophilus exhibits increased accumulation at tumor sites compared with the CaO2/LDH. The CaO2 NPs loaded on CoFeCe-LDH nanosheets are decomposed into H2O2 in the TME. L. acidophilus metabolite-induced pH reduction (<5.5) and CaO2-mediated in situ H2O2 generation synergistically boost ·OH generation activity of the CoFeCe-LDH nanosheets, effectively damaging cancer cells and ablating tumors with a tumor inhibition rate of 96.4%, 2.32-fold higher than that of CaO2/LDH. This work demonstrates that probiotics can function as a tumor-targeting platform to remodel the TME and amplify ROS generation for highly efficient and precise CDT.

Lipopeptides from Bacillus atrophaeus MCM61 and melatonin suppress gray mold-induced oxidative stress in cut roses (Rosa hybrida L.) and improve vase life.

Application of melatonin and lipopeptides (LPs) derived from Bacillus strains is considered an efficient strategy to control plant diseases atboth pre and postharvest stages. However, the combined application of melatonin and LPs has not been studied yet. Therefore, the present study presents the synergistic effect of melatonin and LPs produced by Bacillus atrophaeus strain MCM61 against gray mold disease and its impact on quality parameters and vase life of cut roses. The stems of cut roses alongwith flowers were dipped in the melatonin solution at concentration (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8mM) and the results indicated thatthe vase life of flowers treated with the melatonin was enhanced compared to control. Melatonin at 0.6mM concentration showed the highest vase life of cut roses at day 8. Synergistic treatment with melatonin and LPs of B. atrophaeus MCM61 revealed that MDA and H2O2 content showed the highest decrease in cut roses. Similarly, relative water content, total phenol content, GSH content, and defense enzymes i.e., APX, SOD, PPO, POD, and CAT activities were increased in cut roses treated with co-application of B. atrophaeus MCM61 LPsand melatonin compared to single treatments and control treatment. Furthermore, the longevity of cut roses was also improved in flowers treated with a combined application of MCM61 and melatonin compared to other treatments.

Photocatalytic Degradation of PCB 153 Using Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2‐Co Core‐Shell Nanocomposite

AbstractThis study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of PCB 153 using Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2‐Co core‐shell nanocomposites under LED irradiation. The unique core‐shell structure, incorporating a magnetic Fe3O4 core, a protective SiO2 layer, and a photoactive TiO2 shell doped with Co, enhances light absorption, charge separation, and stability. The effects of various parameters, including catalyst dosage, initial pollutant concentration, solution pH, H2O2 concentration, reaction time, and cosolvent type, were investigated to optimize the degradation process. The results demonstrated the high efficiency of the Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2‐Co nanocomposite in degrading PCB 153, with a maximum degradation efficiency of 95.2% under optimal conditions. The magnetic properties of the Fe3O4 core enable easy separation and recovery of the catalyst, making it a sustainable and cost‐effective solution. This study provides valuable insights into the design and application of advanced photocatalysts for environmental remediation.

A full factorial design for the decolorization of real textile wastewater using iron-rich montmorillonite by sonocatalytic process

In this study, the sonocatalytic process was used to remove colour from the effluent of a textile factory located in Turkey. Clay from a brick-tile factory located in the city of Eskisehir was used to enhance the effect of ultrasound (US) at 20 kHz frequency and 750 W power. The structure, morphology and composition of the clay were identified by characterization studies including FT-IR, XRD, XRF, SEM and TGA. The clay consists mainly of montmorillonite and iron-rich montmorillonite as smectite minerals, nontronite, quartz minerals, calcite and dolomite as minor clay minerals. In the scope of the study, Design of Experiment (DoE) and a Full Factorial Design (FFD) was used to determine the operating conditions that affect the color removal efficiency of textile industry wastewater. pH, clay amount, time, and H2O2 concentration were determined as critical factors using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It has been confirmed that when the critical factors for color removal efficiency—specifically, a pH of 2. 2 grams of clay, a duration of 120 minutes, and 35 ppm of H2O2—are kept constant, the resulting removal percentage was predicted as 94% approximately by using regression model. The optimal levels of factors have been verified by the validation experiments.

Real-time Neurochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Brain Tissue using Advanced Nanostructured Au Microelectrodes Functionalized with Ruthenium Purple Film

Real-time monitoring of H2O2 is essential for understanding its role in neurological physio(path)ology. In this study, we developed an advanced electrochemical sensor utilizing nanostructured gold wire microelectrodes functionalized with a Ruthenium Purple (RP) film, a polynuclear transition metal hexacyanoferrate analog of the prototypical Prussian blue (PB). The RP film exhibits enhanced stability in neutral buffer solutions and reduced interference from biologically relevant cations such as Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. By integrating gold nanoparticles onto a nanoporous gold surface, we significantly increased the electroactive surface area of the microwire (ρ=26.1 ± 10.2). The electrodeposition of a thin RP film (4.23 ± 1.2 nm) resulted in a highly selective H2O2 sensor, operating at an optimal potential of -0.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl, with a linear detection range of 0.5-500 µM, sensitivity of 1.18 ± 0.37 µA µM-1 cm-2, and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 66.6 ± 34.9 nM. Adding a Nafion® layer enhanced the sensor's operational stability, maintaining optimal performance over three hours under physiological conditions of pH and ion concentration. We validated the sensor's capability to monitor transient changes in H2O2 concentration in brain tissue by assessing its response to exogenously applied H2O2. Furthermore, we demonstrated that glutamate receptor activation in hippocampal slices induces a rapid and transient increase in extracellular H2O2 levels, underscoring the sensor's potential for studying oxidative stress in neurobiological contexts.

Synergistically piezocatalytic and Fenton-like activation of H2O2 by a ferroelectric Bi12(Bi0.5Fe0.5)O19.5 catalyst to boost degradation of polyethylene terephthalate microplastic (PET-MPs)

Pollution of microplastics (MPs) has been drastically threating human health, however, whose elimination from the environment by current approaches is inefficient due to their high molecular weight, stronghydrophobicity and stable covalent bonds. Herein, we report a novel and highly-efficient route to degrade MPs contaminants through synergistically piezocatalytic and Fenton-like activation of H2O2 by a ferroelectric Bi12(Bi0.5Fe0.5)O19.5 catalyst under ultrasound treatment. For 10 g/L polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET-MPs), the synergistic strategy reached a 28.9 % removal rate in 72 h, which is greatly enhanced in comparison to the individual piezocatalysis and Fenton (Fenton-like) activation. By optimizing the types of oxidants (H2O2, peroxymonosulfate and peroxydisulfate) and bismuth ferrite catalysts (non-piezoelectric Bi2Fe4O9 and piezoelectric BiFeO3/Bi12(Bi0.5Fe0.5)O19.5), it was revealed that H2O2 is the best oxidant, and the piezoelectric Bi12(Bi0.5Fe0.5)O19.5 with a high aspect-ratio morphology showed higher activity than the Bi2Fe4O9 and BiFeO3. The catalyst dosage and H2O2 concentration were further optimized, and the good durability of the catalyst was also demonstrated through multiple uses. Different characterization technologies demonstrated the occurrence of PET-MPs oxidation and fragmentation during the treatment process. The plausible mechanism of synergistically piezocatalytic and Fenton-like H2O2 activation was proposed based on measurements of band structure, piezoelectric property and reactive oxygen species generation. Finally, we detected the intermediates and determined a possible degradation route of PET-MPs. The toxicity assessment indicated that the produced intermediates have low toxicity and potential risks to the environment.

Foamed calcium sulfoaluminate cement with controlled porous network for daily or seasonal heat storage in ettringite

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement-based materials have high ettringite content enables heat storage, enhancing the thermal inertia of buildings. This study aims to optimize the porous network of foamed CSA material in terms of porosity, permeability and mechanical strength so that they can be effective in building applications as supporting structures with heat storage capacity. To achieve these goals, a foaming process method using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and surfactant was used to control the porous network. The H2O2 and surfactant contents varied from 0.5% to 1.2% and 0.01% to 0.05%, respectively, and generated a wide range of material densities from 589 to 1184 kg/m3 - and hence a wide range of properties in terms of porosity (43 - 70%), permeability (2.6 10-13 - 7.1 10-12 m2) and compressive strength (0.8 -9.4 MPa). Then, an abacus correlating material properties, found by surface fitting, linking porosity, gas permeability and compressive strength, allowed the material to be optimized in accordance with the needs of each building application. The CSA paste consisting of 1% H2O2 and 0.03% surfactant, with 66% porosity, 4.1 10-12 m2 permeability, and 1.8 MPa compressive strength, was the optimal mix-design for solar storage box applications (for short-term storage). The CSA paste consisting of 0.5% H2O2 and 0.01% surfactant, with 43% porosity, 5.6 10-13 m2 permeability, 9.4 MPa compressive strength, appeared to be optimal for self-supporting wall storing solar heat (long-term storage).

Hesperidoside abolishes dichlorvos-mediated neurotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and NF-κB-p65/p53/caspase-3-mediated apoptosis

BackgroundIn third-world countries, poisoning due to dichlorvos (DDVP), an organophosphate insecticide, is prevalent due to its widespread usage in household and agriculture, with the brain bearing the brunt of the consequences. Hence, this study assessed the likely beneficial impact of hesperidoside (HESP) on the DDVP-mediated cerebral dysfunction in rat model. MethodRandomization was employed to earmark forty-two rats into seven groups: control, DDVP alone (8 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹), DDVP plus HESP (50 and 100 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹) and reference drug atropine (0.2 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹), and HESP alone (50 and 100 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹). ResultsHESP intervention remarkably (p < 0.05) mitigated DDVP-potentiated augmentations in cerebral concentrations of H₂O₂, NO, and malondialdehyde; impaired DDVP-induced decrease in cerebral GSH, GST, SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholinesterase; significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed DDVP-invoked upregulation of mRNA expression of NF-κB-p65, p53, BAX, caspase-3, and TNF-α; and significantly (p < 0.05) revoked DDVP-incited downregulation of interleukin-10. ConclusionHESP chemotherapeutic interventions enhanced cerebral functions in DDVP-treated rats by abrogating oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and NF-κB-p65/p53/caspases-3 signaling.

Sustainable Protocols For Leaf Sample Collection in In-Vitro Culture: Evaluating The Impact of Sample Bags and Hydrogen Peroxide Pre-Sterilization

This study investigates sustainable leaf sample collection protocols for in-vitro culture (IVC) of chili (Capsicum frutescens) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves. The research aimed to enhance viability and reduce contamination of leaf explants by evaluating various types of sample bags and different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pre-sterilization. Specifically, the study compared the effectiveness of normal sealed (NS) bags and vacuum-sealed (VS) bags, including high-action (VSH) and low-action (VSL) vacuum-sealed bags, alongside H2O2 pre-sterilization at various concentrations. Leaf samples were treated with ten different concentrations of H2O2 (5% to 50%) to assess their impact on necrosis and surface contamination over 72 hr. Results showed that higher H2O2 concentrations (above 30%) caused significant necrosis, while concentrations between 10% and 15% provided optimal pre-sterilization for both leaf types, effectively reducing contamination without excessive tissue damage. In the second phase, the research examined the influence of different sample bags on leaf explant sustainability. Vacuum-sealed bags, particularly those with low-action vacuum (VSL), significantly improved leaf longevity and minimized contaminant emergence compared to normal sealed bags. Combined with 15% H2O2 pre-sterilization, VSL bags performed best, maintaining leaf morphology and viability for extended periods. Statistical analyses confirmed the significant impact of sampling bag type and pre-sterilization on contamination levels, necrosis emergence, and leaf longevity. The findings suggest that using low-action vacuum-sealed bags (VSL) with 15% H2O2 pre-sterilization is a promising approach for sustainable leaf sample collection, enhancing the success rate of IVC by minimizing microbial contamination and preserving leaf integrity during transport. This optimized protocol offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in plant tissue culture and agriculture, aiming to improve the sustainability and efficiency of leaf sample collection for in-vitro applications.