H-shaped Patch Antenna Research Articles

Energy Harvesting Rectenna Design for Enhanced Node Lifetime In WSNs

With the rising popularity and advent of many services on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), there is a compelling need to have energy-efficient solutions. The sensors and devices are powered by batteries whose life is limited, and at times it is impossible to replace the batteries, especially in remote applications. In such a scenario, Energy Harvesting (EH) stands as an undisputed candidate for enhancing the network lifetime. Radio Frequency (RF) energy is the most commonly available, ubiquitous, and reliable energy source among all the available energy sources. While RF signal carries both information and energy, EH is possible for long-distance and mobile environments. This work discusses initial research in the domain of EH in wireless networks via Radio Frequency (RF) signals. The paper presents an EH rectenna for energy harvesting over 2.45 GHz (Wi-Fi band). The receiving antenna is designed to pick up the radio signal in the RF range (2.45 GHz) from the free space. The four patch elements design has an antenna substrate made with RT with a dielectric constant of 2.2. The paper presents the simulation results of the basic parameters of the antenna, such as return loss, input impedance, bandwidth, gain, directivity, and efficiency. H-shaped slot antenna and modified H-shaped antenna (with circular slot) are designed with a gain of 8.24 dB and 8.32 dB, return loss of -10 dB and -16 dB, and bandwidth of 64.8 MHz and 868 MHz. The high gain, large bandwidth, properly matched impedance for minimum return loss, and high efficiency of the modified H-shaped patch antenna makes it eligible for energy harvestin.

Rectenna Design for Enhanced Node Lifetime in Energy Harvesting WSNs

In a scenario where every possible solution is investigated for sustainability, Energy Harvesting (EH) stands as an undisputed candidate for enhancing the network lifetime in WSNs where node lifetime decides the network’s life. Radio Frequency (RF) energy is abundantly available in the ambience among all the available energy sources. Since both information and power are transmitted in an RF signal, EH is possible in the far-field region. At first, we present a novel 4-element rectangular Patch Antenna Array (PAA) design of EH rectenna. The receiving antenna is designed to pick up the radio signal in the RF range (2.45 GHz) from the free space. Then, the H-shape antenna is modified by introducing a circular slot to enhance the bandwidth. The paper compares the results of the basic parameters of the antenna, such as return loss, input impedance, bandwidth, gain, directivity, and efficiency. As a result, the modified H-shaped antenna (with circular slot) has an increased gain from 8.24 dB to 8.32 dB, with a reduced return loss from -10 dB to -16 dB and enhanced bandwidth from 64.8 MHz to 868 MHz. The high gain, large bandwidth, suitably matched impedance for a minor return loss, and high efficiency of the modified H-shaped patch antenna makes it eligible for energy harvesting application.

Gap-Coupled H-Shaped Antenna for Wireless Applications

English-alphabet-shaped micro-strip antennas are reviewed in terms of antenna parameters and their applications. H-shaped patch antenna is designed with gap-coupled technique and a survey of previously designed H-shaped patch antenna are presented. The impedance bandwidths of the proposed H-shaped antenna at lower resonant frequency are 4.0% (HFSS), 4.2% (AWR) and 3.7% (experimental) and at upper resonant frequency are 7.6% (HFSS), 2.6% (AWR) and 9.4% (experimental). The frequency ratio of the antenna is 1.24, and the maximum gain of 1.97 dB and 2.52 dB for lower and higher resonant frequencies are observed. A broadside radiation pattern within the operating band and E-field beamwidth of 130° and 109° and H-field beamwidth of 111° and 106°, respectively, is observed at lower and upper resonant frequencies.

AN H-SHAPED DIFFERENTIAL FED PATCH ANTENNA FOR A GAN BASE STATION TRANSMITTER

AN H-SHAPED DIFFERENTIAL FED PATCH ANTENNA FOR A GAN BASE STATION TRANSMITTER

Broadband Circularly Polarized H-Shaped Patch Antenna Using Reactive Impedance Surface

A compact, single-feed, broadband circularly polarized patch antenna is proposed in this letter. The antenna comprises an H-shaped microstrip patch printed over a metamaterial-inspired reactive impedance surface (RIS). The RIS structure comprising a lattice of 4 × 4 periodic metallic square patches helps to increase the bandwidth of the antenna. The final optimized structure exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 44.5% (4.64-7.3 GHz) along with a 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 27.5% (4.55-6 GHz). Moreover, the proposed antenna yields a good broadside gain of 7.2 dBi at 5.5 GHz. The radiation efficiency of the present structure is better than 77% for the entire band of operation.

Comparative Analysis of E–Shape and H-Shape Microstrip Slotted Antenna on the Basis of Return Loss and Bandwidth

<p>icro-strip patch antenna is more popular as compared to other antennas and widely used today in modern wireless communication system because of its elegant weight, low fabrication price, easy to feed, ease to fabricate, easy to analyze, and attractive radiation characteristics. Though patch antenna<br />has several advantages but has some disadvantages as well, like limited bandwidth and low gain. In last few years, Different techniques such as Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure, artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)/ and modifying the structure of microstrip patch antenna are used to overcome the above mentioned limitations. In this paper, we propose two different geometry shape antennas i.e. E and H-shaped which is developed from the rectangular patch and compare the performance of the proposed antennas on the basis of gain and Bandwidth with the same physical dimensions. The CST Micro studio simulator is used to study the antennas. Bandwidth and Return loss of E-shaped Antenna is much better than that of H-shaped antenna. The results obtained clearly demonstrations that, the implementation of the E-Shape is much better in term of bandwidth and return loss compared to the H-shaped patch antenna. So it’s better to use E-shaped antenna for modern wireless communication system.</p>

Multi-Band Hybrid Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Different Applications

In this written communication, a report of multi-band hybrid cylindrical ring dielectric resonator antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna outline comprises ring formed by dielectric resonator antenna and H-shaped patch antenna. The proposed antenna design shows multi-band characteristics. The simulated results are shown by using HFSS simulation software. The resonance frequency of the proposed radiator is 2.4 GHz, 3.4 GHz, 4.1 GHz and 5.2 GHz with return loss of-20 dB, -25 dB, -35 dB and-32 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna is applicable to Bluetooth, WLAN, WiMAX and satellite applications.

Design and Investigation of H-Shaped Patch Antenna Integrated with Light Emitting Diodes

The limitations in the applications of microstrip antenna lead to wastage in the form of space and functionality. In order to overcome the wastage of space and functionality of the microstrip antenna, the new idea is to make one single device of microstrip antenna which has two application at the same time where it can operates as antenna and the function as lighting source is proposed. Light Emitting Diode (LED) has been chosen as the light source since the characteristic and the structure of the LED are suitable for the integration process. Hence, this paper presents an investigation on the characteristic of an H-shaped patch antenna integrated with Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).The proposed integrated antenna has been designed and simulated by using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio Software. It has been fabricated and measured to investigate the performance of the antenna in terms of return loss. The results confirms that the antenna can operate at 2.4 GHz and it works well as an illumination.

English

Microstrip antennas find applications in aircraft, satellite and missile applications where important characteristics are size, weight and complexity. Design and simulation has been carried out using IE3D simulation software. Minkowski fractal geometry has been applied on patch of antenna to form self similar H-shaped patch antenna. By applying DGS in horizontal direction and vertical direction, characteristics of antenna are observed. When DGS has been changed in horizontal direction and Fr-4 has been used as substrate then antenna resonated at 2.7 GHz, 4.8 GHz and 6.2 GHz with return loss of -17.66 dB, -13.6 dB and -23.66 dB. This antenna has gain of 6.05 dBi, 5.6 dBi and 3.66 dBi. Results are also obtained for H-shaped fractal patch antenna by applying plus shaped DGS and slot shaped DGS, hence antenna can be used for WLAN applications. When microstrip feed line has been used, proposed antenna can be useful for GPS application

A Concave H-Shaped Patch Antenna with Improved Bandwidth and Isolation for MIMO Systems

A compact concaved H- shaped patch antenna for dual-band applications with improved bandwidth and isolation characteristics is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna resonates at multiband of 3.2 GHz and 4.9 GHz frequencies for VSWR ≤ 1.32, with an impedance bandwidth of 70%. A 2×2 MIMO system is developed using the proposed antenna giving an excellent isolation of 48 dB between the two antennas. The developed antenna system can be widely used for the 4G, WLAN and Wi-MAX applications. The proposed antenna is a good choice for MIMO systems operating for several wideband applications.

A Wideband Circularly Polarized H-Shaped Patch Antenna

A wideband H-shaped patch antenna for circular polarization is described. By incorporating a long probe inside a substantial high cavity (~ 0.26λ), a circularly polarized (CP) antenna in broadside direction is achieved. The horizontal arm of the probe is implemented by means of a printed monopole that is diagonally coupled to a small H-shaped copper plate. The CP antenna features a wide operational bandwidth of 19.4%. The maximum gain and the efficiency of this small antenna are recorded as >5 dBic and >80%, respectively, across the bandwidth. The dimension of the H-shaped patch is 0.3λ × 0.3λ whereas the ground plane size is 1.8λ × 1.8λ.

Design of a broadband square-ring-slot coupled patch antenna

A broadband linear-polarized slot-coupled patch antenna is presented and discussed. It is demonstrated that by using a square-ring slot, coupled with an H-shape patch antenna, a bandwidth of 50.6% can be achieved. Additional benefits of this design also include enhanced gain over the entire frequency band, together with a low level of cross-polarization. A modified design is also presented, which is used to significantly reduce unwanted backward radiation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 454–457, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21197

Analysis of an H-shaped Patch Antenna by Using the FDTD Method

In this paper, the characteristics of a small antenna using an H-shaped microstrip patch are studied. Significant reduction of antenna size can be realized when the H-shaped patch is used instead of the conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The theoretical analysis is carried out based on the finite-difference time- domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD programs are developed and validated by available measurement results. The effects of various antenna parameters on the resonant frequency and radiation patterns are shown. Several design curves are presented, which are useful for practical antenna design. The electric current distributions on the patch and those on the ground plane are described, together with the results illustrating the electric field distributions under the patch. This antenna is suitable for applications where small size and broad beamwidth are required.

Analysis of an H-Shaped Patch Antenna By Using the Fdtd Method - Abstract*

In this paper, the characteristics of a small antenna using an H-shaped microstrip patch are studied. Significant reduction of antenna size can be realized when the H-shaped patch is used instead of the conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The theoretical analysis is carried out based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD programs are developed and validated by available measurement results. The effects of various antenna parameters on the resonant frequency and radiation patterns are shown. Several design curves are presented, which are useful for practical antenna design. The electric current distributions on the patch and those on the ground plane are described, together with the results illustrating the electric field distributions under the patch. This antenna is suitable for applications where small size and broad beamwidth are required.

Small H-shaped antennas for MMIC applications

A small short-circuited H-shaped GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) patch antenna is presented. Resonant at 5.98 GHz, it is the lowest frequency MMIC patch antenna reported that we are aware of and is intended for short-range communications (e.g., vehicular). Initial experimental and theoretical characterization of the proposed structure has been carried out on soft microstrip substrates. It has been shown that the size of an H-shaped patch antenna can be reduced to as low as one tenth of that of a half wavelength patch antenna resonant at the same frequency, saving valuable substrate space. The resonance frequency, radiation patterns and gain have been investigated. Ground plane truncation effects, which are important for MMIC applications, have been examined using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.

Rectangular ring and H-shaped microstrip antennas—alternatives to rectangular patch antenna

H-shaped and rectangular ring microstrip antennas have been compared with the commonly used rectangular patch antenna. It has been found that the H-shaped patch antenna is smaller in size (about half), and is broadbeam but with narrow bandwidth. On the other hand, for larger bandwidth and/or narrow beamwidth applications a rectangular ring antenna is better than a rectangular patch antenna. Because of size reduction the H-shaped patch looks attractive for UHF applications.