Gysel Power Divider Research Articles

Compact Dual-Band Gysel Power Divider Based on Composite Right- and Left-Handed Transmission Lines

A novel compact dual-band Gysel power divider with controllable frequency ratio using fully integrated composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TL) is presented in this letter. The $\Pi$ -shaped CRLH TLs are utilized to realize the dual-band response. Theoretical analysis indicates that the frequency ratio can be controlled by changing the element values and the number of the constructing cells of the CRLH TLs. In addition, the proposed structure is compact. For demonstration, a dual-band Gysel power divider operating at 2.4 and 3.5 GHz, respectively, is implemented. Measured results show that good impedance matching, isolation, and power transmission can be satisfied at the dual passband simultaneously.

Using Microstrip LPF in Gysel Power Divider for Extreme Size Reduction and Higher Order Harmonic Suppression

AbstractThis paper presents a new design of a compact Gysel power divider with harmonic suppression. It comprises six similar low-pass filters in lieu of six conventional transmission lines in the Gysel power divider. Not only does the proposed power divider extremely reduce the occupied area to 22.7% of the conventional Gysel power divider at 900 MHz, but also it features the higher order harmonic rejection. Simulation and measurement results show good insertion loss, return loss, isolation, and wide stopband bandwidth, while maintaining high-power handling capability over the Wilkinson power divider.

Miniaturized Gysel Power Divider Based on Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines

A miniaturized Gysel power divider (PD) is developed by using composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) consisting of microstrip lines and lumped elements. The theoretical closed-form design equations are presented to calculate the element values of the CRLH TLs. For verification purpose, a miniaturized Gysel PD based on CRLH TLs for GSM frequency of 900 MHz is designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. The proposed Gysel CRLH TL PD is extremely compact, occupying only 18.2% of the conventional microstrip line-based Gysel PD. Less than 1 dB insertion loss has been achieved at the center frequency. Also, the simulated results agree well with the measured results.

Design of a Planar Dual-Band Power Divider With Arbitrary Power Division and a Wide Isolated Frequency Band

A microstrip dual-band Gysel power divider with arbitrary power division is proposed. In order to generate two frequency bands simultaneously, two Schiffman phase shifters are adopted. Moreover, these frequency bands with arbitrary power ratio between two output ports can be controlled by the transmission lines' impedances Z1 and Z2. In addition, with two π-shaped transmission lines series connected at two output ports, there is prominent rejection between two passbands and a wide isolated frequency band between two output ports. Furthermore, two dual-band power dividers are developed to verify the proposed design.

Comments on ‘planar wideband in‐phase power divider/combiner using modified Gysel structure’

A design of a wideband in-phase power divider/combiner has been presented in Abbosh and Henin (2013). The authors based their design on the traditional Gysel power divider structure and modifled the isolation resistors and the line impedances to obtain the proposed divider. As a matter of fact, it can be shown that the suggested modiflcations of Gysel power divider can be derived as a special case of the more generalised studies in the literature. This communication shows how the results of Abbosh and Henin can be reproduced in a more generalised form from the previous studies of the modifled Gysel power divider structure. The close relation between the proposed divider and the classical ring coupler is also manifested.

A Novel Harmonics-Suppression Coupled-Line Gysel Power Divider for Complex Terminated Impedances

A novel symmetrical coupled-line circuit structure is proposed to design a kind of harmonics-suppression coupled-line Gysel power divider that has the advantages of a compact structure and complex source to load-terminated impedances. It consists of four pairs of coupled lines, three pairs of transmission line stubs, and two grounded isolation resistors. Based on the traditional even- and odd-mode technique, closed-form mathematical equations for both circuit electrical parameters and scattering parameters are obtained. For demonstration purposes, two typical simulation examples with realized physical dimensions in microstrip technology are presented, indicating equal power division, good return loss, perfect isolation, and harmonics suppression on three different frequencies or wide operating frequency band. Finally, two practical microstrip coupled-line Gysel power dividers are designed and fabricated to operate at approximately 1 GHz. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results verify the design.

Closed-Form Design of Gysel Power Divider With Only One Isolation Resistor

An innovative design of low profile in-phase Gysel power divider (PD) by introducing efficient modifications is presented. The conventional Gysel uses a half-wave line and two isolation resistors as a Π network. The proposed modification converts it to a T network with only one isolation resistor and two quarter-wave lines that can reduce the design complexity, occupied area and fabrication cost. To obtain the accurate values of the line impedance and isolation resistance, closed-form equations based on a new viewpoint are derived. Two prototypes with narrow and broadband characteristics are realized at 3 GHz. The PDs have good magnitude and phase balances and better harmonic performance, compared to the conventional one.

A Compact Gysel Power Divider With Unequal Power-Dividing Ratio Using One Resistor

A novel compact Gysel power divider is proposed and investigated in this paper. The proposed power divider consists of two transmission lines, a pair of coupled lines, and only one grounded resistor for unequal power-dividing ratio. Comparing to the conventional Gysel power divider, the new power divider saves its space by eliminating the 180 ° electrical length transmission line and reduces complicity by using one grounded resistor. The flexibility in choosing the value of the resistor provides favorable freedom in circuit realization. In addition, analytic design formulas of the proposed power divider, for both equal and unequal ratio cases, are given. For the equal radio case, two grounded resistors are required. Two prototype power dividers are simulated, fabricated, and measured. Both prototypes operate at 2 GHz, but with different power divisions, one for power division ratio k = 1 and the other for k = 2. There are good correlation between the measured results and those of the theoretically designed, justifying the circuit configuration and the design theory.

Compact and unequal Gysel power divider with dual harmonic rejection and simple structure

This article presents a new design of a compact Gysel power divider with harmonic suppression and unequal power division at the output ports. The proposed design has simple layout with three additional stubs added to the conventional Gysel power divider structure. Moreover, exact closed-form equations are obtained based on the matching and port isolation conditions. Two different designs are simulated and compared with each other so as to investigate the capability of this structure. For demonstration, a microstrip implementation of a 2:1 design operating at 1 GHz with the second and third harmonic suppression is developed. Measurement results show that the attenuation level for the second and third harmonics are −28 and −25 dB, respectively. The proposed power divider features good insertion loss, return loss, and port isolation, while maintaining high-power handling capability over the Wilkinson power divider.

Gysel Power Divider With Arbitrary Power Ratios and Filtering Responses Using Coupling Structure

This paper presents a novel method for designing Gysel power dividers with arbitrary power-division ratios as well as filtering responses. A coupling structure is utilized to replace the quarter-wavelength microstrip line in the power divider. By altering the coupling strength, the power ratio can be arbitrarily controlled with the highest ratio of 10:1. Furthermore, the coupling structures enable the filtering function of the power divider. Two transmission zeros are created near the passband edges, resulting in high-selectivity quasi-elliptic responses. Theoretical analysis is carried out, and closed-form equations are derived based on circuit theory and transmission line theory. For demonstration, three filtering Gysel power dividers are implemented with different power-division ratios (1:1, 3:1, and 10:1). In all of these circuits, power splitting and bandpass filtering functions are observed with good performance. Comparisons of the measured and simulated results are presented to verify the theoretical predications.

A novel high-power dual-band coupled-line Gysel power divider with impedance-transforming functions.

A novel coupled-line structure is proposed to design dual-band and high-power Gysel power dividers with inherent impedance-transforming functions. Based on traditional even- and odd-mode technique, the analytical design methods in closed-form formula are obtained and the accurate electrical parameters analysis is presented. Due to the usage of coupled-line sections, more design-parameter freedom and a wider frequency-ratio operation range for this kind of dual-band Gysel powder divider are obtained. Several numerical examples are designed and calculated to demonstrate flexible dual-band applications with different impedance-transforming functions. A practical microstrip power divider operating at 2 GHz and 3.2 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The good agreement between the calculated and measured results verifies our proposed circuit structure and analytical design approach.

Balanced-to-Balanced Gysel Power Divider With Bandpass Filtering Response

In this paper, the balanced-to-balanced Gysel power divider is proposed with bandpass filtering response for the first time. The component is based on a ring structure and designed with an extended coupled-resonator circuit model. The characteristic impedances, electrical lengths, and isolation resistance are calculated analytically by our derived equations, according to the design specifications of the filtering power divider. The achievable bandwidth is from about 3% to 12%. As an example, a fabricated prototype occupies an area of 0.97 × 0.87 λg2, whose bandwidth is 8.4%. It has low differential-mode in-band insertion loss, good magnitude, and phase balances between two output ports, good isolation, and good suppression of common-mode noises and mode conventions. Based on stub-loaded sections, another prototype is realized for miniaturization, whose occupied area is reduced to 0.67 × 0.63 λg2. In comparison with the original prototype, the central insertion loss is increased by 0.13 dB, and the rejection band of common-mode and mode-conversion noises is narrowed by 21%.

A New Design of Equal and Unequal Dual-Band Gysel Power Divider with Controllable Bandwidth

In this article, a new design for an equal and unequal dual-band Gysel power divider with a novel dual-band transformer has been proposed. This transformer is replaced with two conventional quarter-wavelength transmission lines between the isolation resistors. The proposed power divider thus has controllable bandwidth, exactly the same as the conventional Gysel power divider, as well as simple structure, wide frequency band ratio, good isolation and return loss, and high-power handling capability advantages over the Wilkinson power divider.

A Novel Coupled-Line Gysel Power Divider for Dual-Band and High-Power applications<sup></sup>

A novel coupled-line structure is proposed to design dual-band and high-power Gysel power dividers. Based on traditional even-and odd-mode technique, the analytical design theory is given and the electrical parameters analysis is provided. Four numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the flexible dual-band applications. A practical power divider operating at 1GHz and 2 GHz is designed. The calculated and full-wave simulated results verify our proposed idea.

A Novel Design of Triple-Band Gysel Power Divider

This paper presents a new scheme of a tri-band Gysel power divider. A tri-band transmission line transformer and parallel short-and open-ended stub resonators are applied to a dual-band power divider for tri-band application. Exact equations are derived based on even- and odd-mode analysis. There is a good agreement between simulation and experimental results. In addition to good insertion loss, return loss, and isolation, it also has the advantage of high power-handling capability over the Wilkinson power divider.

A Balanced-to-Balanced Power Divider With Arbitrary Power Division

In this paper, a balanced-to-balanced power divider is proposed, for the first time, with arbitrary power division, which can be regarded as the balanced form of a Gysel power divider. The constraint rules are provided for its mixed-mode and single-ended S-parameters. The six-port network is analyzed by simplifying it to two-port networks with other ports matched at the central frequency. Its critical characteristic impedances are then calculated analytically by our derived equations according to the desired differential-mode power division ratio. The maximum achievable power division ratio is 1:4.69 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> when the characteristic impedances are limited within the realizable range of 20-120 Ω. The impacts of several freely selected design parameters on the operating bandwidth are explored numerically. A prototype is realized by microstrip lines and lumped resistors with the power division ratio of 1:3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The balanced-to-balanced performances of unequal power division, low differential-mode insertion loss, good suppression of common-mode noises, and mode conventions have been demonstrated by the simulated and measured results of the balanced-to-balanced power divider prototype.

여파기 변환 기법을 이용한 이중대역 Gysel 전력 분배기

In this paper, we present the design and measured performances of an dual-band Gysel power divider based on band-stop characteristic. After the Gysel divider is designed by lumped elements at single operating frequency, and then using filter conversion technique the lumped elements were changed a band-stop characteristic with dual-band characteristics. The features of this design method are that transmission line by replacing lumped elements suppressed harmonic characteristics and also can reduce the size. To validate of the proposed power divider, the divider has been designed and measured at 880 MHz and 1650 MHz dual frequencies. The measured performances of the Gysel divider agree with prediction results at two frequencies.

A New Modified System for Equal Power Division with LCC for Wireless Applcations

In this paper, a new modified system for equal power division is implemented with the help of rectangular micro strip patch antenna, Gysel power divider and leakage cancellation circuit. Today’s world power division plays an important role in wireless application areas such as base stations, antenna arrays, handheld devices etc., Here micro strip patch antenna is implemented with FR4 as a substrate material due to its benefits such as low loss and low fabrication cost while the ground material is aluminium due to its conductivity. For a good system, the return loss should be highly desirable and insertion loss should be low. Our proposed system is designed with a combination of micro strip patch antenna, leakage cancellation circuit and Gysel power divider produces equal power division with low loss such as insertion loss is measured as -39.291dB, return loss as -16.11dB and leakage cancellation as 6dB which was designed and simulated in Agilent Advanced Design System software (2009).

A novel Gysel power divider design with uniform impedance transmission lines for arbitrary power-dividing ratios

A novel Gysel power divider with uniform impedance transmission lines is presented. The arbitrary power-dividing ratio is obtained only by adjusting the electrical lengths of the transmission lines, avoiding the use of high impedance lines that are involved in the conventional Gysel power divider design with large power-dividing ratio. All the transmission lines are with the same characteristic impedance, which is independent of the power-dividing ratio and provides a freedom to control the operation bandwidth. For verification, a 9:1 Gysel power divider operating at 1 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The measured results show a bandwidth of 13.7% with better than 20 dB return loss and 29.2 dB isolation from 0.95 to 1.09 GHz.

A novel wideband coupled-line Gysel power divider with function of impedance matching

A new coupled-line circuit structure is proposed to design compact wideband Gysel power dividers with function of impedance matching between source and load. Based on traditional even- and odd-mode technique, closed-form equations are obtained for direct and accurate synthesis. By applying coupled lines and reducing their electrical lengths, this novel Gysel power divider has four main advantages: high power-handling capability, small size, enhanced bandwidth, and source-to-load impedance matching. The measured bandwidth ( & dB) of the fabricated Gysel power divider operating at 2 GHz is 62.6%, while the traditional one is 40.8%. Meanwhile, the size of this novel Gysel power divider is only 25.5% of the traditional one when the same substrate is used and the same operating band is considered.