Gynecological Diseases Research Articles

Relationship between Male Sexual Dysfunction, Fertility Power and Heart Function: Avicenna’s Standpoint

Honey has been used since ancient times to treat various diseases such as gynecological diseases. The current study aims to investigate clinical trials related to the therapeutic effects of honey on women’s diseases. Databases including Web of Sci- ence, Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar, and SID were investigated for clinical studies focusing on honey in gynecological diseases up to 31 June 2022. Eligibility was checked based on selection criteria. Twenty-five clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Therapeutic properties of honey and its compounds as a systemic and/or local treatment on vulvovaginal candidiasis, cervicitis, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, labor pain, episiotomy and cesarean wounds, nipple fissure, breast cancer and intrauterine insemination (IUI), with the mechanisms of action of antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, analgesic, antioxidant and anticancer activities have been proven. It was also found that phenolic compounds includ- ing flavonoids and phenolic acids are the main ones responsible for most of these therapeutic effects of honey. This study supports the healing properties of honey in gynecological diseases at reproductive age. Also, in the current studies, honey proved safe with minor adverse effects. Of course, to achieve definitive conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of honey, it is necessary to conduct more clinical trials with a larger sample size, appropriate intervention duration, and optimal doses in future studies.

The Molecular Link between Obesity and the Endometrial Environment: A Starting Point for Female Infertility.

Female infertility constitutes a growing health problem in developing countries and could be associated with several possible causes including reproductive disorders, congenital malformations, infections and hormonal dysfunction. Nonetheless, a series of additional factors can also negatively impact female fertility and are represented by chronic exposure to environmental pollutants, stress, unhealthy lifestyle choices such as cigarette smoking and, among others, obesity. Excess weight is associated with several chronic diseases, and growing evidence demonstrates that it can compromise reproductive physiology due to its influence on endometrial gene expression and receptivity. Thus, the current review of the literature mainly focused on how obesity can impair uterine receptivity, mostly from a molecular point of view throughout the window of implantation (WOI) period at an endometrial level. It was also highlighted that an obesity-related increase in adipose tissue may lead to a modulation in the expression of multiple pathways, which could cause a hostile endometrial environment with a consequent negative impact on the uterine receptivity and the establishment of pregnancy. Thanks to the use of the endometrial receptivity assay (ERA), a specific microarray that studies the expression of a series of genes, it is now possible to evaluate the endometrial status of patients with infertility problems in a more detailed manner. Moreover, female fertility and endometrial receptivity could be affected by endometriosis, a chronic benign gynecological disease, whose cause-and-effect relationship to obesity is still uncertain. Therefore, further investigations would be required to better elucidate these mechanisms that govern embryo implantation and could be potentially useful for the generation of new strategies to overcome implantation failure and improve the pregnancy rates in obese women.

Restoration of functional endometrium in an intrauterine adhesion rat model with endometrial stromal cells transplantation

BackgroundIntrauterine adhesion (IUA) as a prevalent gynecological disease is developed from infection or trauma. However, therapeutic strategies to repair damaged endometrium are relatively limited. Emerging studies have shed light on the crucial role of endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) in the process of uterine endometrial regeneration. EnSCs isolated from the uterine endometrium have similar characteristics to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, it is still unknown whether EnSCs could be used as donor cells to treat IUA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of EnSCs in treating rat IUA.MethodsHuman EnSCs were isolated from the endometrial tissue of healthy female donors and subjected to extensive expansion and culture in vitro. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, cell proliferation assay, trilineage differentiation experiment, and decidualization assay were used to characterize the biological properties of EnSCs. We evaluated the immunoregulatory potential of EnSCs by analyzing their secreted cytokines and conducting bulk RNA sequencing after IFN-γ treatment. After EnSCs were transplanted into the uterine muscle layer in IUA rats, their therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms were analyzed using histological analysis, Q-PCR, fertility and pregnancy outcome assay, and transcriptome analysis.ResultsWe successfully isolated EnSCs from the endometrium of human donors and largely expanded in vitro. EnSCs exhibited characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and retained responsiveness to sex hormones. Following IFN-γ stimulation, EnSCs upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines and activated immunosuppressive molecules. Xenogeneic transplantation of EnSCs successfully repaired injured endometrium and significantly restored the pregnancy rate in IUA rats. Mechanistically, the therapeutic effects of EnSCs on IUA endometrium functioned through anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis and the secretion of regeneration factor.ConclusionsDue to their large expansion ability, immunoregulatory properties, and great potential in treating IUA, EnSCs, as a valuable source of donor cells, could offer a potential treatment avenue for injury-induced IUA.

PCR236 Analyzing Possible Diagnostic Delay Factors in Gynaecological and Andrological Diseases Among Secondary School Students

PCR236 Analyzing Possible Diagnostic Delay Factors in Gynaecological and Andrological Diseases Among Secondary School Students

Uterine hydatidosis: casuistry is possible

Introduction. Hydatidosis is a severe parasitic disease caused by tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus widely spread in some endemic areas all over the world that primarily targets liver, lung, bones, muscles well as pelvis in casuistic cases. Due to the lack of pathognomonic signs as well as low prevalence rate of hydatid cysts in such anatomic sites, a differential diagnosis for relevant gynecological pathologies may be substantially complicated. Compared with common gynecological disease such as uterine fibroids, ovarian cyst and malignancies uterine hydatidosis may be identified only in 0.16 % cases.Aim: to present a clinical case of uterine hydatid cyst in order to optimize algorithms for differential diagnosis of primary pelvic echinococcosis and gynecological pathology, which is necessary for successfully conducted timely surgical treatment.Clinical case. In 2023, patient K. complained of dysuric phenomena and a feeling of heaviness in the pelvic area. Based on the anamnesis, clinical picture, laboratory and instrumental research methods, it was decided to perform surgical treatment. The patient underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy and removal of ¾ hydatid cyst. The obtained material was used for histological examination to verify the diagnosis.Results. Differential diagnosis of uterine echinococcosis is most often carried out with cystic or dysembryogenetic tumors, purulent or tuberculous abscesses, ovarian cysts, ovarian tumors, and uterine fibroids. Features of the MR picture, such as a thick compacted wall, the lack of internal septa, parietal and papillary outgrowths, as well as a solid component, allowed to suspect parasitic genesis of the neoplasm.Conclusion. While treating patients with cystic neoplasms of the pelvic area referred from endemic areas, echinococcosis should be included in the list of differential diagnostic searches.

Tao-Hong-Si-Wu-Tang improves thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis by reversing ACSL4-mediated lipid accumulation and promoting mitophagy

Ethnopharmacological relevanceLiver fibrosis is a generic fibrous scarring event resulting from accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, easily progressing to end-stage liver diseases. Tao-Hong-Si-Wu-Tang (THSWT) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula applied in clinics to treat gynecological and chronic liver diseases. However, the role of THSWT on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic fibrosis and the specific mechanisms remains unclear. Aim of the studyTo investigate the improving effects of THSWT on TAA-insulted hepatic fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and methodsUHPLC-MS/MS was performed to explore the chemical characterization of THSWT. Mice were orally administered with THSWT once daily for 6 weeks along with TAA challenge. Liver function was reflected through serum biomarkers and histopathological staining. RNA sequencing, non-targeted metabolomics and molecular biology experiments were applied to investigate the underlying mechanisms. ResultsTHSWT profoundly repaired lipid metabolism dysfunction and blocked collagen accumulation both in TAA-stimulated mice and in hepatocytes. Results of RNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics revealed that the anti-fibrotic effects of THSWT mostly relied on lipid metabolism repairment by increasing levels of acetyl-CoA, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and decreasing relative abundances of acyl-CoA, total cholesterol, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. Mechanically, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases 4 (ACSL4) was a key profibrotic target both in human and mice by disrupting lipid oxidation and metabolism in hepatic mitochondria. THSWT effectively blocked ACSL4 and promoted mitophagy to reverse above outcomes, which was verified by mitophagy depletion. ConclusionTHSWT may be a promising therapeutic option for treating hepatic fibrosis and its complications by modulating lipid metabolism and promoting mitophagy in livers.

Effects of subcutaneous drain on wound dehiscence and infection in gynecological midline laparotomy: Secondary analysis of a Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group study (KGOG 4001)

ObjectiveTo identify the effects of subcutaneous drain insertion on wound dehiscence and infection in patients who underwent gynecological midline laparotomy. MethodsThis analysis identified the secondary endpoints of the KGOG 4001 study, a prospective, multicenter, non-blind, randomized controlled trial. Patients scheduled to undergo midline laparotomy for gynecological diseases and, with body mass index<35 kg/m2, were randomized (1:1) to treatment (with subcutaneous drain) and control (without subcutaneous drain) groups from February 2021 to December 2021. We compared the incidence rate of wound dehiscence 4 weeks post-surgery and the cumulative incidence rate of wound dehiscence and infection up to 4 weeks post-surgery between the two groups. ResultsOf 174 patients randomized to the treatment (n = 84) and control (n = 90) groups, 12 were excluded owing to loss to follow-up; finally, 162 patients (treatment, n = 79; control, n = 83) were included in intention-to-treat analysis. The frequency of cancer surgery (79.7 % vs. 77.1 %, p = 0.683), mean surgery time (227.7 vs. 226.7 min, p = 0.960), and mean wound length (24.2 vs. 24.3 cm, p = 0.933) were comparable between two groups. No significant differences were observed in the incidence rate of wound dehiscence 4 weeks post-surgery (1.3 % vs. 2.4 %, p > 0.999), cumulative incidence rate of wound dehiscence (8.9 % vs. 6.0 %, p = 0.491), and cumulative incidence rate of wound infection (1.3 % vs. 0.0 %, p = 0.488) up to 4 weeks post-surgery between the two groups. ConclusionSubcutaneous drain insertion is not associated with a significant improvement in the incidence of wound dehiscence and infection in patients who undergo gynecological midline laparotomy. Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04643197.

The effect of Henna (Lawsonia inermis) vaginal suppository combined with antibiotic therapy in the treatment of cervicitis: An RCT.

Cervicitis is a prevalent gynecologic disease, which does not usually respond to conventional treatments. Long-term cervicitis can cause serious health problems such as inflammation, infertility, and cancer. Henna oil, an herbal product in Persian medicine, is recommended for uterine diseases like cervicitis. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Henna oil as a vaginal suppository in combination with an antibiotic regimen in the treatment of cervicitis. This randomized placebo-controlled trial, included 92 non-menopausal women with cervicitis at the Baqaipur Clinic of Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd and the Persian Medicine Health Center in Ardakan, Yazd, Iran. Participants were further divided into either the Henna oil vaginal suppository group or the placebo group (n = 46/each group). During the study, the antibiotic treatment was administered to both groups. Cervicitis symptoms were compared between the groups and within each group. Of 92 included individuals, 41 in each group completed the study. Results revealed that significant differences were observed in some outcomes, including vaginal discharge (p 0.001), cervical ulcer size (p 0.001), dyspareunia (p = 0.046), and postcoital bleeding (p 0.001), indicating that the treatment was more effective in the henna group compared to the placebo group. Findings supported that the vaginal suppository of Henna oil in combination with antibiotic therapy could be effective in the improvement of clinical symptoms of cervicitis regardless of its pathology.

Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology for Endometriosis: Diagnosis to Therapy.

Endometriosis, an incurable gynecological disease that causes abnormal growth of uterine-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, leads to pelvic pain and infertility in millions of individuals. Endometriosis can be treated with medicine and surgery, but recurrence and comorbidities impair quality of life. In recent years, nanoparticle (NP)-based therapy has drawn global attention, notably in medicine. Studies have shown that NPs could revolutionize conventional therapeutics and imaging. Researchers aim to enhance the prognosis of endometriosis patients with less invasive and more effective NP-based treatments. This study evaluates this potential paradigm shift in endometriosis management, exploring NP-based systems for improved treatments and diagnostics. Insights into nanotechnology applications, including gene therapy, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, and magnetic hyperthermia, offering a theoretical reference for the clinical use of nanotechnology in endometriosis treatment, are discussed in this review.

INFLUENCE OF PROFESSIONAL FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY IN FLIGHT ATTENDANCE IN CIVIL AVIATION

The literature review reflects the main possible gynecological pathologies in flight attendants, as well as the causes of their occurrence. These diseases are a serious problem for all women, but professionals working in the aviation industry are at a higher risk of developing them. The article focuses on the study of various factors that can contribute not only to the development of gynecological diseases, but also to breast cancer, as well as venous thrombosis in flight attendants. Risk factors include long-term exposure to ionizing radiation, static stress, jet lag, and chronic stress. The review includes an analysis of existing studies related to the impact of occupational exposure on the health of flight attendants, and also suggests possible measures for the prevention and treatment of emerging pathology, which can serve as a basis for the development of effective programs to preserve the health of women working in civil aviation.

TIM-3 Expression in Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a prevalent chronic gynecological disease linked to immune dysfunction. The protein T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) plays a crucial role in immune system balance. Malfunction of TIM-3 may result in excessive immune activation and inflammatory tissue damage. Given TIM-3's established role in the development of cancer and autoimmune diseases, we decided to study its role in women suffering from endometriosis. We included a total of 62 female patients, all of whom had undergone laparoscopic surgery. Of these, 47 had endometriosis and 15 did not. During surgery, we collected peritoneal fluid (PF) and peripheral blood (PB) samples from every patient for analysis using flow cytometry. To mark the samples, we used a panel of monoclonal antibodies and examined TIM-3 expression in their immune cells. Endometriosis patients in PB demonstrated a significantly lower percentage of CD56+ T cells with TIM-3 expression. As endometriosis progressed through its stages, this expression lessened. This decrease was particularly notable in women with stage III/IV endometriosis. Additionally, both women diagnosed with intestinal endometriosis and those with recent endometriosis diagnoses showed a significantly reduced percentage of CD56+ T cells expressing TIM-3. Patients with endometriosis exhibit diminished TIM-3 expression within circulating T cells. This warrants further investigation to discern whether it contributes to the progression of endometriosis, potentially through the amplification of autoreactive T cells and inflammation.

MiR-4443 Contained Extracellular Vesicles: A Factor for Endometriosis Progression by PI3K/AKT/ACSS2 Cascade in-vitro.

Endometriosis (EM) is an estrogen-dependent benign gynecologic disease affecting approximately 10% of reproductive-age women with a highrecurrence rate, butlacks reliablebiomarkers. No previous studies have investigated the possible use of extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated micro RNAs (miRNAs) from menstrual blood (MB) as candidate diagnostic or prognostic markers of EM. Specimens were obtained from endometriosis and non-endometriosis patients at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital in Shanghai. Microarray was used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs among peritoneal fluid (PF), fallopian tube fluid (FF), and MB. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to verify the relationship between miR-4443 and ACSS2. Cell proliferation and Transwell invasion assays were performed in vitro after intervention on miR-4443 and ACSS2 in hEM15A human endometrial stromal cells and primary human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs). Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and survival analysis were applied to clinical data, including severity of symptoms and relapse of EM among EM patients. EV-associated miR-4443 was abundant in MB of endometriosis patients. ACSS2 knockdown and miR-4443 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration via the PI3K/AKT pathway. miR-4443 levels in MB-EVs were positively correlated with the degree of dyspareunia (r=0.64; P<0.0001) and dysmenorrhea (r=0.42; P<0.01) in the endometriosis group. ROC curve analyses showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.741 (95% CI 0.624-0.858; P<0.05) for miR-4443 and an AUC of 0.929 (95% CI 0.880-0.978; P<0.05) for the combination of miR-4443 and dysmenorrhea. MB-derived EV-associated miR-4443 might participate in endometriosis development, thus providing a new candidate biomarker for the noninvasive prediction of endometriosis recurrence.

The Hallmarks of Endometriosis.

A heuristic tool called "the hallmarks of cancer" helps to reduce the enormous complexity of cancer phenotypes and genotypes to a preliminary set of guiding principles. Other aspects of cancer have surfaced as possible improvements in our understanding of the disease's mechanisms. Endometriosis is a gynecological disease condition negatively impacting the quality of life of many women. To date, there is no curative treatment for endometriosis. Therapy is aimed at treating the symptoms using hormone therapy, pain therapy and complementary therapy. Chronic pain and overlapping pain syndromes and illnesses can also be treated with multimodal pain therapy and psychosomatic therapy. Endometriosis is, however, a chronic and complex entity which, in this regard, resembles cancer. The present work investigates the hallmarks of endometriosis with a view to summarizing the current research status and paving new ways for future research projects.

Dual inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 pathways restores the expression of progesterone Receptor-B in endometriotic lesions through epigenetic mechanisms

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent and progesterone-resistant gynecological inflammatory disease of reproductive-age women. Progesterone resistance, loss of progesterone receptor -B (PR-B) in the stromal cells of the endometrium, is one of the hallmarks of endometriosis and a major contributing factor for infertility in endometriosis patients. Loss of PR-B in the stromal cells of the endometriotic lesions poses resistance to the success of progesterone-based therapy. The working hypothesis is that PR-B is hypermethylated and epigenetically silenced, and inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 pathways will decrease the hypermethylation, reverse the epigenetic silencing, and restore the expression of PR-B via DNA methylation and histone modification mechanisms in the endometriotic lesions. The objectives are to (i) determine the effects of dual inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 pathways on the expression of PR-B and DNA methylation and histone modification protein machinery in the endometriotic lesions and (ii) identify the underlying epigenetic mechanisms of PR-B restoration in the endometriotic lesions. The results indicate that dual inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 pathways decreases the hypermethylation, reverses the epigenetic silencing, and restores the expression of PR-B via DNA methylation and H3K9 and H3K27 methylation mechanisms in the endometriotic lesions or endometriotic stromal cells of human origin. These results support the novel concept that restored expression of PR-B in the endometriotic lesions and endometrium may improve the clinical outcome of progesterone therapy in endometriosis patients.

Анализ структуры гинекологических заболеваний и объема оперативного вмешательства у пациенток кабинета патологии шейки матки и эндометрия в разных возрастных группах

Анализ структуры гинекологических заболеваний и объема оперативного вмешательства у пациенток кабинета патологии шейки матки и эндометрия в разных возрастных группах

Transcriptomic Analysis of Hub Genes Reveals Associated Inflammatory Pathways in Estrogen-Dependent Gynecological Diseases.

Gynecological diseases are triggered by aberrant molecular pathways that alter gene expression, hormonal balance, and cellular signaling pathways, which may lead to long-term physiological consequences. This study was able to identify highly preserved modules and key hub genes that are mainly associated with gynecological diseases, represented by endometriosis (EM), ovarian cancer (OC), cervical cancer (CC), and endometrial cancer (EC), through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of microarray datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Five highly preserved modules were observed across the EM (GSE51981), OC (GSE63885), CC (GSE63514), and EC (GSE17025) datasets. The functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the highly preserved modules were heavily involved in several inflammatory pathways that are associated with transcription dysregulation, such as NF-kB signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, MAPK-ERK signaling, and mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, the results also include pathways that are relevant in gynecological disease prognosis through viral infections. Mutations in the ESR1 gene that encodes for ERα, which were shown to also affect signaling pathways involved in inflammation, further indicate its importance in gynecological disease prognosis. Potential drugs were screened through the Drug Repurposing Encyclopedia (DRE) based on the up-and downregulated hub genes, wherein a bacterial ribosomal subunit inhibitor and a benzodiazepine receptor agonist were the top candidates. Other drug candidates include a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, glucocorticoid receptor agonists, cholinergic receptor agonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, sterol demethylase inhibitors, a bacterial antifolate, and serotonin receptor antagonist drugs which have known anti-inflammatory effects, demonstrating that the gene network highlights specific inflammatory pathways as a therapeutic avenue in designing drug candidates for gynecological diseases.

Эффективность медицинских подкастов в повышении осведомленности женщин о здоровье

&lt;p&gt;The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of medical podcast as a novel learning tool for developing Egyptian women&amp;rsquo;s health awareness. 50 female university students were invited to participate in the study using social media advertisements. Online pretests and posttests, one based on a podcast episode regarding vaginal infections, were used to assess changes in knowledge level pre&amp;ndash; and post&amp;ndash;podcast listening. A second posttest was sent out 2 weeks after the first to assess knowledge retention. Results were analyzed using paired &lt;em&gt;t-&lt;/em&gt;tests comparing mean scores before and after podcast. The results showed that the average test score increased by 62% (p&amp;lt;0.05). Furthermore, in both groups, there was no significant difference between average scores for posttest 1 versus posttest 2 written 2 weeks later suggested excellent knowledge retention. Podcast increased knowledge on gynecological diseases and is an effective learning tool for health care trainees in women's health. This study emphasizes the role of podcasts as a valuable educational resource within the society. The success of such initiatives will hopefully bolster the effort to correct the lack of provider knowledge in many diseases.&lt;/p&gt;

Female sexual function in long-term cervical cancer survivors compared with healthy women and women affected by benign gynecological disorders

ObjectiveTo compare the female sexual function between cervical cancer survivors and healthy women or with benign gynecological diseases. Study designFrom January 1, 2010 to January 31, 2019, a case-control study was conducted to compare the female sexual function of 106 cervical cancer survivors from a tertiary hospital and 185 women admitted to a gynecological outpatient clinic from the same health area for a routine gynecological examination (n=46) or for a benign gynecological disorder (symptomatic, n=113; asymptomatic, n=26).We prospectively assessed the female sexual function using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). For the contrastive analysis hypothesis, we employed R statistical software. ResultsCervical cancer survivors reported lower sexual activity rates than controls, in general, did (47.12% vs. 88.65%, p=0.0001), and, particularly, compared with healthy and symptomatic controls (47.12% vs. 82.61%, p=0.003; 47.12% vs. 87.61%, p=0.0001, respectively).Sixty and fifty-eight hundredths percent of the cervical cancer survivors experienced female sexual dysfunction, mainly due to hypoactive sexual desire (93.27%). Female sexual dysfunction was diagnosed in 64.32% of the controls, with sexual arousal disorders being the most common diagnosis (44.86%).Compared with controls, cervical cancer survivors exhibited considerably lower FSFI total scores and in sexual desire and lubrication domains (p <0.000; p <0.0001; p=0.023). ConclusionsCervical cancer survivors had worse female sexual function and less sexual activity than controls did, although scores in both groups were in range of FSD. Rates of female sexual dysfunction were similar across cervical cancer survivors and controls, with hypoactive sexual desire and sexual arousal disorders as the most common diagnoses, respectively.

Modern methods of diagnosis of gynecological diseases

The article discusses modern methods of diagnosis of gynecological diseases. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, including gynecology. This paper presents an overview of modern methods of diagnosing gynecological diseases using AI. The authors consider various approaches, such as machine learning and deep learning, and describe their advantages in the context of improving diagnostic accuracy and speed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of large volumes of medical data, which allow us to create more effective diagnostic algorithms. Additionally, the potential of integrating AI into clinical practice and its impact on improving the quality of medical care for women is being considered, opening up new prospects in the field of gynecology.

NEK2 promotes the development of ovarian endometriosis and impairs decidualization by phosphorylating FOXO1

Ovarian endometriosis is a common gynecological disease, and one of its most significant symptoms is infertility. In patients with endometriosis, defects in endometrial decidualization lead to impaired endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation, thus affecting early pregnancy and women’s desire to have children. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of endometriosis and its associated defective decidualization are unclear. We find that NEK2 expression is increased in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis. Meanwhile, NEK2 interacts with FOXO1 and phosphorylates FOXO1 at Ser184, inhibiting the stability of the FOXO1 protein. Importantly, NEK2-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO1 at Ser184 promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and impairs decidualization. Furthermore, INH1, an inhibitor of NEK2, inhibits the growth of ectopic lesions in mouse models of endometriosis and promotes endometrial decidualization in mouse models of artificially induced decidualization. Taken together, these findings indicate that NEK2 regulates the development of endometriosis and associated disorders of decidualization through the phosphorylation of FOXO1, providing a new therapeutic target for its treatment.