Gynecological Disorders Research Articles

Spirulina versus metformin for controlling some insulin signaling pathway genes in induced polycystic ovary syndrome rat model

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinologic and gynecologic disorder that affects women of reproductive age; besides, insulin resistance (IR) occurs in 50–70 % of PCOS cases. Metformin (Met) is commonly prescribed for IR management; however, it does not affect IR with some gastrointestinal symptoms. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a blue-green alga that may increase insulin sensitivity. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate SP as an alternative treatment to Met for improving glucose homeostasis by assessing the expression of 11 crucial genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway. After induction of the PCOS model using dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (60 mg/kg bwt) for 30 consecutive days, rats were allocated into six groups. Relative liver weight, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) serum levels, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and insulin were determined. Furthermore, the gene expression of Ins1, Irs1, Pik3ca, Prkcz, Foxo1, Srebf1, Ppargc1a, Pklr, Gk, G6pc, and Pepck in the rat's liver tissue was determined using qRT-PCR. Treatment of the PCOS control group with Met or SP revealed a decrease in all these parameters compared with the PCOS model. Additionally, we found a statistically significant difference in the expression of both the Gk and Prkcz genes. To summarize our study results, SP or Met supplementation to PCOS rats had almost the same effect on assessed relative liver weight, GOT, GPT, and insulin levels compared with PCOS control rats. If further studies confirm and detect more impact of SP on IR in PCOS, SP could be used instead of Met since the latter causes many side effects.

PRACTICE OF USING IMPLANTS IN GYNECOLOGICAL SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS (SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE REVIEW)

Introduction. The use of implants during surgical interventions in gynecology can contribute to the anatomical restoration of the genital organs. The most commonly used implants in gynecology are polypropylene meshes, which promote tissue ingrowth, thus restoring reproductive organs. One of the reasons for using implants in gynecology is pelvic organ prolapse, including uterine prolapse, anterior or posterior vaginal wall prolapse, and vaginal vault prolapse. Synthetic implants are often utilized to reinforce surgical interventions for gynecological disorders, with better indicators of anatomical success in the long term. The aim of the research is to investigate the biomechanical properties of implants in gynecology as effective means for the surgical restoration of female reproductive organs. Materials and methods. Bibliosemantic, comparative, and systematic analysis methods were employed. The proposed recommendations were developed based on the analysis of contemporary literature, results of randomized trials, and meta-analyses dedicated to studying the impact of implants in surgical interventions in gynecological practice. Results. The analyzed results indicate that the optimal supportive framework of implants for gynecological surgery, particularly in the treatment of prolapse, should aim to facilitate the formation of a new matrix for fascial reinforcement, thereby minimizing the development of scar tissue. Conclusions. The primary objective of using implants in gynecological surgical interventions is to search for optimal designs to complement vaginal surgery. This is essential for prolonging treatment outcomes, increasing patient satisfaction, and reducing complications.

Primary amenorrhoea - cytogenetic study in 40 Indian women

Background Primary amenorrhoea (PA) refers to an ailment when adolescent girls do not attain menarche naturally. It is one of the most common gynaecological disorders specified. Chromosomal abnormalities play a pivotal role in PA. Cytogenetic analysis is an indispensable diagnostic tool to determine the abnormality of the chromosome. In an emerging country like India, cytogenetic analysis is at a nascent stage. There are very few studies on Cytogenetics present in eastern India, including West Bengal. In rural and suburban areas PA sufferers often experience late diagnosis and struggle to access suitable curative management. The aim of the study is to evaluate the various types of chromosomal abnormalities in patients suffering from PA for accurate, better management of the same and further counselling. Methods A total of 40 PA cases were referred by obstetricians and gynaecologists to the Department of Genetics of Nirnayan Health Care, Kolkata. To screen the chromosomal abnormalities, human leukocyte culture was accomplished with their peripheral venous blood followed by G-banding and then karyotyping was executed according to ISCN-2020. Result Out of 40 patients, 29 were normal among which 46,XX was found in 70% cases (n = 28) and 46,XX,9qh + in 2.5% (n = 1). The remaining 11 showed different types of abnormalities. 45,X was found in 10% (n = 4), 46,X,i(X)(q10) in 2.5% (n = 1), 46,X,del(X)(p11.2) in 2.5% (n = 1), 46,X,del(X)(p22.1) in 2.5% (n = 1), 46,X,del(X)(q24) in 2.5% (n = 1), 46,XY in 2.5% (n = 1), mos 45,X[22]/46,Xi(X)(q.10)[8] in 2.5% (n = 1) and mos 45,X[16]/46,XY[14] (2.5%) in 2.5% (n = 1). Conclusion This study indicates the importance of chromosomal study which must be included in early diagnosis of PA. Karyotyping at the appropriate phase of life will not only help in the judicial management of this disorder but will also give young girls a better lifestyle.

Luteolin and its analog luteolin-7-methylether from Leonurus japonicus Houtt suppress aromatase-mediated estrogen biosynthesis to alleviate polycystic ovary syndrome by the inhibition of tumor progression locus 2

Ethnopharmacological relevanceLeonurus japonicus Houtt (L. japonicus, Chinese motherwort), known as Yi Mu Cao which means “good for women”, has long been widely used in China and other Asian countries to alleviate gynecological disorders, often characterized by estrogen dysregulation. It has been used for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder in women but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Aim of the studyThe present study was designed to investigate the effect and mechanism of flavonoid luteolin and its analog luteolin-7-methylether contained in L. japonicus on aromatase, a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens and a drug target to induce ovulation in PCOS patients. Materials and methodsEstrogen biosynthesis in human ovarian granulosa cells was examined using ELISA. Western blots were used to explore the signaling pathways in the regulation of aromatase expression. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential mechanisms of action of compounds. Finally, animal models were used to assess the therapeutic potential of these compounds in PCOS. ResultsLuteolin potently inhibited estrogen biosynthesis in human ovarian granulosa cells stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone. This effect was achieved by decreasing cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-mediated expression of aromatase. Mechanistically, luteolin and luteolin-7-methylether targeted tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) to suppress mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6)-p38 MAPK-CREB pathway signaling. Transcriptional analysis showed that these compounds regulated the expression of different genes, with the MAPK signaling pathway being the most significantly affected. Furthermore, luteolin and luteolin-7-methylether effectively alleviated the symptoms of PCOS in mice. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a previously unrecognized role of TPL2 in estrogen biosynthesis and suggests that luteolin and luteolin-7-methylether have potential as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of PCOS. The results provide a foundation for further development of these compounds as effective and safe therapies for women with PCOS.

The Role of Nanomedicine in Benign Gynecologic Disorders.

Nanomedicine has revolutionized drug delivery in the last two decades. Nanoparticles appear to be a promising drug delivery platform in the treatment of various gynecological disorders including uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and menopause. Nanoparticles are tiny (mean size < 1000 nm), biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, safe, and relatively inexpensive materials commonly used in imaging and the drug delivery of various therapeutics, such as chemotherapeutics, small molecule inhibitors, immune mediators, protein peptides and non-coding RNA. We performed a literature review of published studies to examine the role of nanoparticles in treating uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, PCOS, and menopause. In uterine leiomyoma, nanoparticles containing 2-methoxyestradiole and simvastatin, promising uterine fibroid treatments, have been effective in significantly inhibiting tumor growth compared to controls in in vivo mouse models with patient-derived leiomyoma xenografts. Nanoparticles have also shown efficacy in delivering magnetic hyperthermia to ablate endometriotic tissue. Moreover, nanoparticles can be used to deliver hormones and have shown efficacy as a mechanism for transdermal hormone replacement therapy in individuals with menopause. In this review, we aim to summarize research findings and report the efficacy of nanoparticles and nanotherapeutics in the treatment of various benign gynecologic conditions.

Impact of exercise on uncoupling protein 1 and macrophage phenotype in mesenteric adipose tissue in an animal model of endometriosis

Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder characterized by growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, with symptoms which may include chronic pelvic pain and infertility resulting in a decreased quality of life. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that endometriosis animals have increased mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT), inflammation, and growth of implanted endometrial vesicles which are decreased by voluntary exercise. The levels of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1), a mitochondrial protein, are known to be increased by exercise in rodents, promoting thermogenesis and decreasing inflammation. Exercise can also increase expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. When activated PPARγ polarizes the macrophages into an anti-inflammatory M2 state, which can stimulate white adipose tissue beiging. We hypothesized that voluntary wheel running exercise can increase UCP-1 and M2 macrophages, decreasing MAT and endometrial vesicle size. Aim: To assess the impact of voluntary exercise on UCP-1 expression and macrophage phenotype in MAT of an animal model of endometriosis. Methods: Endometriosis was induced by implanting uterine tissue on the intestinal mesentery of female Sprague Dawley rats while control group only received sutures (SHAM). Exercise rats had access to a running wheel after surgery (ENDO-EX or SHAM-EX), while non-exercised animals didn’t (ENDO and SHAM; n=10-11/group). After sixty days, animals were sacrificed, and MAT was collected to determine CD68, UCP-1 and PPARγ expression by immunofluorescence staining. Results: Vesicles from ENDO-EX animals exhibited significantly decreased average weight (p&lt;0.01) and smaller average total area (p&lt;0.01) compared with the ENDO group. Endometriosis animals showed increased mesenteric adipose tissue when compared to sham group (p&lt;0.01), which was reduced by voluntary exercise (p&lt;0.001). Macrophage infiltration, UCP-1 and PPARγ expression increased with exercise. Conclusions: Increased UCP-1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages following exercise may result in browning of MAT which can have a role in reducing the development of vesicles in the endometriosis model. These findings suggest that exercise may be a potential complementary therapeutic strategy for managing endometriosis symptoms. This work was supported by R15AT009915, R16GM149365, T32GM144896, PRI MD Summer Program and Porter Physiology Development Fellowship. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Yishen Huatan Huoxue decoction and quercetin ameliorate decidualization dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: A comprehensive investigation combining clinical trial and experimental studies.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine disorder characterized by a complex pathogenesis and limited treatment options. Yishen Huatan and Huoxue decoction (YHHD), as a traditional Chinese Medicine formula, has shown effectiveness in treating PCOS. However, the specific mechanisms by which YHHD exerts its therapeutic effects remain unclear. In this study, we performed to investigate the therapeutic effects of YHHD and quercetin on dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS mice, and examine the effect of quercetin on the decidualization of T-HESCs under hyperinsulinemic conditions. The results showed that YHHD could reduce early miscarriage rates in PCOS patients and significantly improved glucose metabolism disorders, sex hormone levels, and the estrous cycles in PCOS mice. Quercetin could alleviate effect of high insulin levels and restore the low expression of insulin receptor substrate1/2 (IRS1/2) and glucose transporte 4 (GLUT4) in T-HESCs, demonstrating its potential to mitigate hyperinsulin-induced decidualization dysfunction via the GLUT4 signaling pathway mediated by IRS1/2. This study provides valuable molecular insights of YHHD and highlight the therapeutic potential of quercetin in treating decidualization dysfunction in PCOS.

Mechanism of action of Taohong Siwu decoction in the alleviation of primary dysmenorrhea.

As one of the most common gynecological disorders, PD significantly impacts the quality of life for women. TSD, a well-known traditional Chinese medical prescription, has gained popularity for its use in treating gynecological cold coagulation and blood stasis syndromes such as PD. However, the lack of comprehensive data hinders our understanding of its molecular mechanism. The objective of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of TSD on PD and elucidate its plausible mechanism. HPLC was employed to confirm the presence of the principal metabolites of TSD. The rat model of PD was induced by OT exposure following IWM and EB pretreatment, and subsequently treated with TSD via gastric gavage. The effects and potential mechanisms of TSD on PD rats were explored, encompassing general behavior, morphological alterations in the uterus and ovaries, biochemical indicators in the uterus and serum, and levels of proteins related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Gallic acid, hydroxysafflower yellow A, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, and ferulic acid were determined to be the primary active metabolites of TSD. The pharmacological studies yielded results indicating the successful establishment of the PD model in rats. Additionally, TSD demonstrated its ability to protect PD rats by ameliorating general behavior, mitigating pathological damage to uterine and ovarian tissues, and modulating the expression levels of correlated factors (PGE2, PGF2α, Ca2+, TXB2, IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and COX-2) as well as p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT proteins. TSD exhibited protective effects against PD in rats through its interaction with multiple targets including P13K/AKT signaling pathway, indicating that TSD holds therapeutic potential for PD treatment and providing evidence supporting the rational utilization of TSD.

Индивидуализация гормональной терапии: междисциплинарный подход

Тoday, clinicians deal with many practical issues when prescribing menopausal or hormone replacement therapy. The main goal of the expert workshop was to discuss the principles of prescribing hormone therapy to patients of various age groups with various gynecological and somatic disorders and comorbidities, to determine the tactics for selection of the type of therapy based on the personalization principles.

A Psychological Point of View on Endometriosis and Quality of Life: A Narrative Review.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder with a multifactorial etiology that has not yet been fully elucidated. What is known, however, are the pathological tissue dynamics that lead to the complex symptoms that women suffer from. The known symptoms are mainly fertility problems and pain. Both dimensions have an impact that varies from case to case, but that is certainly decisive concerning a woman's health, specifically by affecting the overall quality of life (QoL). In this publication, we will deal with the descriptive aspects of endometriosis's pathology and then present a review of the aspects impacting QoL and their psycho-social consequences. Finally, the experience of pain in the context of the mind-brain-body relationship will be discussed, describing the complexity of this dimension and emphasizing the importance of a multi-professional approach that considers the relevance of the contribution that a psychotherapy intervention based on up-to-date neurobiological models can make for women with endometriosis. A review of the literature and current knowledge on the neural and psychological aspects of pain lead to the conclusion that it is of the utmost importance to provide informed psychological support, alongside medical treatments and sexual counseling, to patients with endometriosis.

Concomitant ectopic Enterobius vermicularis infection in uterine cervical cancer

BackgroundEnterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis), also referred to as pinworm, is a widespread human intestinal parasite which predominantly occurs in young children, making their caretakers a population at risk for the transmission of this helminth. It can occasionally affect extraintestinal organs and tissues, including the female genital tract. Infestation can be asymptomatic or manifest as different kinds of gynaecological disorders, such as pelvic inflammation mimicking tumours, abnormal uterine bleeding, or vaginitis. Diagnosis is made by identifying ova in the sample collected from the perineal skin using a transparent adhesive tape or microscopic examination of resected tissue. Mebendazole is the first-line medication and should also be administered to all household members.Case presentationWe present a case of a patient who had undergone surgery for invasive cervical cancer with an accidental finding of E. vermicularis eggs in the cervix.ConclusionsAlthough not very common, infestation with E. vermicularis should be considered in differential diagnoses of various gynaecological disorders accompanied by histological findings of granulomatous inflammation.

Impact of Endometriotic Cyst Position on Infertility

Endometriosis is one of the most common benign gynecologic disorders affecting reproductive health. There are many theories regarding how endometriosis affects fertility, but the exact mechanisms are still uncertain. We evaluated 100 patients with unilateral ovarian endometriosis and infertility who underwent ovarian cystectomy. The women had at least one patent tube after surgery and were observed for spontaneous pregnancy for up to one year. Patients were divided into two groups according to the endometrioma position. The first group included 67 women with an endometriotic cyst in the left ovary, and the second group included 33 with an endometrioma in the right ovary. Groups were similar according to age, type of infertility, BMI, and size of the endometrioma. The number of patients was significantly higher in the first group. Spontaneous pregnancy after cystectomy occurred in 28.4% of the patients with an endometrioma in left ovary, and in 9.1% with a right endometriotic cyst. The better results regarding spontaneous conception with a left-sided endometrioma in our study are most likely related to the permeability of the fallopian tubes and adhesions in the Douglas pouch as a result of endometriosis. Further investigations are necessary to assess the influence of the laterality of endometriosis on infertility.

Tenascin C activates the toll‑like receptor 4/NF‑κB signaling pathway to promote the development of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a globally prevalent gynecological disorder among women of childbearing age. The present study aimed to investigate the role of tenascin C (TNC) in PCOS and its potential mechanisms. Fasting blood glucose and serum insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and the serum hormone levels were determined in PCOS rats. In addition, H&E staining was used for assessing pathology. In addition, the effects of TNC on oxidative stress and inflammation response in PCOS rat and cell models was assessed. Furthermore, the roles of TNC on KGN cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined employing EdU assay and flow cytometry. TLR4/NF‑κB pathway‑related proteins were measured using western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. It was found that the mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in PCOS rats and in KGN cells induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Knockdown of TNC relieved the pathological characteristics and the endocrine abnormalities of PCOS rats. Knockdown of TNC inhibited ovarian cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in PCOS rats. Knockdown of TNC reversed the DHT‑induced reduction in cell proliferation and increase in apoptosis in KGN cells. Furthermore, knockdown of TNC alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by DHT in KGN cells. Additionally, knockdown of TNC inhibited the toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF‑κB signaling pathway in PCOS rats and DHT‑treated KGN cells. In conclusion, knockdown of TNC could ameliorate PCOS in both rats and a cell model by inhibiting cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation via the suppression of the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway.

Immune pathway through endometriosis to ovarian cancer.

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease, defined by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. This disease is one of the main gynecological diseases, affecting around 10%-15% women and girls of reproductive age, being a common gynecologic disorder. Although endometriosis is a benign disease, it shares several characteristics with invasive cancer. Studies support that it has been linked with an increased chance of developing endometrial ovarian cancer, representing an earlier stage of neoplastic processes. This is particularly true for women with clear cell carcinoma, low-grade serous carcinoma and endometrioid. However, the carcinogenic pathways between both pathologies remain poorly understood. Current studies suggest a connection between endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOCs) via pathways associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperestrogenism. This article aims to review current data on the molecular events linked to the development of EAOCs from endometriosis, specifically focusing on the complex relationship between the immune response to endometriosis and cancer, including the molecular mechanisms and their ramifications. Examining recent developments in immunotherapy and their potential to boost the effectiveness of future treatments.

Exploration of traditional Ethno-gynaecological knowledge: advances to ethnobotanical studies from indigenous communities of Neelum Valley in the Himalayan Region

The indigenous communities of the Kashmir region are exclusively dependent on medicinal plants for the treatment of various gynecological disorders. Due to the remoteness and unavailability of modern medications, indigenous communities still use traditional healthcare practices to cure various diseases related to women. The specific objective of this study is to document the traditional ethno-gynecological knowledge in Neelum Alley. Field visits were conducted from April to November 2023 to gather data on medicinal plants used for gynecological problems. Both questionnaires and group discussions were used to collect the data. The gathered data was analyzed using a variety of quantitative metrics, such as use value (UV), and relative frequency citation (RFC). A total of 45 plant species belonging to 22 families were collected from the study area. Herbs made up the majority of the medicinal plants employed by indigenous populations (91.1%), whereas leaves, the most often used plant part, contributed 22.22%. Among medicinal plants, Geranium wallichianum had the highest use value (1.41), whereas Arnebia benthamii had the highest relative frequency citation (0.80). This study emphasizes how important it is to preserve traditional knowledge, pointing out that younger people are losing understanding due to a lack of interest. The documentation of traditional ethno-gynecological knowledge is crucial for the preservation, discovery of novel medications, and sustainable conservation of vulnerable medicinal flora.

“In our community, we normalize pain”: discussions around menstruation and uterine fibroids with Black women and Latinas

BackgroundUterine fibroids are non-cancerous neoplasms that arise from the uterus affecting over 75% of women. However, there is a disparity with Black women having an increased prevalence of nearly 80%. Black women also experience increased symptom burden, including younger age at the time of diagnosis and increased number and volume of fibroids. Less is known about other ethnoracially diverse women such as Latinas and the potential cultural impacts on fibroid burden and treatment.MethodsCommunity engagement studios were conducted to facilitate discussions with stakeholders on their uterine fibroid and menstruation experience. We recruited Black women (n = 6) diagnosed with uterine fibroids and Latinas (n = 7) without uterine fibroids. We held two virtual community engagement studios split by uterine fibroid diagnosis. The studios were not audio recorded and notes were taken by four notetakers. The notes were thematically analyzed in Atlas.ti using content analysis.ResultsParticipants felt there was a lack of discussion around menstruation overall, whether in the home or school settings. This lack of menstruation education was pronounced when participants had their first menstruation experience, with many unaware of what to expect. This silence around menstruation led to a normalization of painful menstruation symptoms. When it came to different treatment options for uterine fibroids, some women wanted to explore alternative treatments but were dismissed by their healthcare providers. Many participants advocated for having discussions with their healthcare provider about life goals to discuss different treatment options for their uterine fibroids.ConclusionDespite uterine fibroid diagnosis, there is silence around menstruation. Menstruation is a normal biological occurrence and needs to be discussed to help prevent delayed diagnosis of uterine fibroids and possibly other gynecological disorders. Along with increased discussions around menstruation, further discussion is needed between healthcare providers and uterine fibroid patients to explore appropriate treatment options.

Association between mild depressive states in polycystic ovary syndrome and an unhealthy lifestyle.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent and frequently encountered gynecological disorder. Its high variability and the complexities associated with its management often lead to psychological stress in affected women, manifesting in symptoms of depression. Embracing a healthy lifestyle is fundamental in PCOS treatment. Consistent adherence to a healthy lifestyle not only aids in improving PCOS symptoms but also plays a role in enhancing mental well-being. However, there is currently limited research examining the extent of depression, its prevalence, and its correlation with lifestyle among individuals with PCOS. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of lifestyle factors on the depressive state of individuals with PCOS. This cross-sectional study gathered data from 411 individuals with PCOS at a comprehensive hospital in Henan, China. Depression status was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale, and demographic information as well as lifestyle habits were simultaneously collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were conducted to identify risk factors associated with the depressive state in PCOS. Among the surveyed 411 individuals with PCOS, approximately 49.4% exhibited symptoms of depression, with 83.7% experiencing mild depressive symptoms. A disease duration of 1-3 years, the presence of acne, and unhealthy lifestyle factors such as high-fat diet, staying up late, lack of exercise, and mental stress emerged as significant risk factors for the onset of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms in individuals with PCOS are predominantly mild. The risk of comorbid depression in PCOS is associated with the presence of acne, frequent high-fat diet, regular staying up late, lack of exercise, and mental stress.

Genetically identification of endometriosis and cancers risk in women through a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Endometriosis is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory gynecologic disorder affecting approximately 6–10% of women globally, and has been associated with an increased risk of cancer. Nevertheless, previous studies have been hindered by methodological limitations that compromise the validity and robustness of their findings. In this study we conducted a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the genetically driven causal relationship between endometriosis and the risk of cancer. We conducted the analysis via the inverse variance weighted method, MR Egger method, and weighted median method utilizing publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics. Furthermore, we implemented additional sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness and validity of the causal associations identified. We found strong evidence of a significant causal effect of endometriosis on a higher risk of ovarian cancer via inverse-variance weighted method (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.11–1.29, p < 0.0001), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median methodologies. Remarkably, our findings revealed a significant association between endometriosis and an increased risk of clear cell ovarian cancer (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.66–2.51, p < 0.0001) and endometrioid ovarian cancer (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.27–1.65, p < 0.0001). No association between endometriosis and other types of cancer was observed. We uncovered a causal relationship between endometriosis and an elevated risk of ovarian cancer, particularly clear cell ovarian cancer and endometrioid ovarian cancer. No significant associations between endometriosis and other types of cancer could be identified.

Clinical evaluation of Erand Tail Nabhi Puran in the management of Dysmenorrhea : Pilot Study

Dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin which can be correlated with Udavartini Yonivyapad. It is very common gynecological disorder in females specially in reproductive age. Sometimes it also hampers women’s daily routine. Udavarta Yonivyapad is explained in Ayurveda as a Nanatmaja Vata Vyadhi by Charaka where there is abnormal movement of Vayu in Pakwashay with painful menses. There are different types of NSAIDS, OC pills, painkillers, etc. to give temporary relief from pain but it also has side effects on body if taken in excess amount. In Ayurveda lot of formulations are used for treatment of same. An attempt has been made through Ayurveda classics in regards to dysmenorrhea with Nabhi Puran using Eranda Taila.

Inpatient disease spectrum and clinical characteristics of surgical disorders in pediatric and adolescent gynecology: A single-institute study of 12 years data from China.

Inpatient disease spectrum and clinical characteristics of surgical disorders in pediatric and adolescent gynecology: A single-institute study of 12 years data from China.