Gyeongsang National University Research Articles

Hypoxia-Regulated Proteins: Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Their Association with Clinicopathologic Features.

Hypoxia-regulated proteins (HIF-1α and GLUT-1) have been identified as prognostic markers in various cancers; however, their role in endometrial cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expression in endometrial cancer and correlate their expression with clinicopathological features. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed using specimens from a retrospective cohort of 51 endometrial cancer patients who underwent hysterectomy at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital between 2002 and 2009. Clinicopathologic data were collected from electronic medical records, and HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expressions were assessed in the tumor tissue. GLUT-1 expression in endometrial cancer was categorized as mosaic, central, or diffuse. Most patients (56.0%) exhibited a central pattern, followed by diffuse (32.0%) and mosaic (12.0%) patterns. GLUT-1 expression was not significantly associated with histologic grade (p = 0.365). HIF-1α expression in immune cells, but not tumor cells, was significantly associated with a higher histologic grade. A higher proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells, using both thresholds (≤1% vs. >1% and ≤5% vs. >5%), was significantly associated with higher histologic grade (p = 0.032 and p = 0.048, respectively). In addition, a higher proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells was significantly associated with a diffuse GLUT-1 expression pattern using >5% as a threshold. There were no significant differences in the proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells between groups stratified by age, tumor size, or invasion depth, regardless of whether the 1% or 5% threshold for HIF-1α positivity was used. A higher proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells is associated with endometrial cancers with higher histologic grade and diffuse GLUT1 expression patterns. These findings suggest a potential role for HIF-1α as a prognostic marker and highlight the need for further studies into the role of HIF-1α in the tumor microenvironment.

Etiology and Outcomes of Patients with Extreme Hyperbilirubinemia in Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Extreme hyperbilirubinemia is occasionally observed in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings. This study examined the etiologies of extreme hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin level ≥12 mg/dL) and the factors associated with the 30-day mortality. This retrospective observational cohort study identified 439 patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia at the Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital between 2016 and 2020. The patients were classified into three groups and 11 diseases according to their etiology. The risk factors associated with 30-day mortality at the baseline were investigated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Of 439 patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia, 287, 78, and 74 were in the liver cirrhosis/malignancy group, the ischemic injury group, and the benign hepatobiliary-pancreatic etiological group, respectively, with corresponding 30-day mortality rates of 42.9%, 76.9%, and 17.6%. The most common disease leading to hyperbilirubinemia was a pancreatobiliary malignancy (28.7%), followed by liver cirrhosis (17.3%), hepatocellular carcinoma (10.9%), and liver metastases (8.4%). The etiologies of hyperbilirubinemia, obstructive jaundice, infection, albumin level, creatinine level, and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio were independently associated with the 30-day mortality. This study suggests three etiologies of extreme hyperbilirubinemia in the ICU and non-ICU settings. The prognosis of patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia depends largely on the etiology and the presence of obstructive jaundice.

Preface

Preface to the Conference Proceedings We are delighted to present the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanomaterials for Energy, Environment, and Biomedical Applications (iNEEBA-2023), which took place from October 1-2, 2023, in Salem, Tamilnadu, at Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Arts and Science College, a constituent college of the Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation, in collaboration with Chulalongkorn University in Thailand and Gyeongsang National University (GNU) in South Korea. With an emphasis on the applications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in the fields of energy, environment, and biomedical applications, this conference brought together a diverse group of researchers, scientists, academicians, and industry professionals from all over the world to discuss and exchange ideas on the most recent developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The conference, which focused on encouraging collaboration and multidisciplinary methods, enabled fruitful discussions about the most recent developments, up-coming trends, and possible breakthroughs in the several fields it covered. We also extended our gratitude to all of the distinguished participants for their valuable contributions to the conference. Participants came from 8 different nations to present and share their work on a wide range of topics related to nanoscience and nanotechnology. We feel honoured to welcome our invited speakers, Prof. Dr. Myong Yong Choi, Director of Core-Facility Centre for Photochemistry and Nanomaterials, GNU, South Korea and Prof. Dr. Soorathep Kheawhom, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. We would also like to express our appreciation to the keynote speakers, session chairs, and all the participants who actively engaged in the vibrant discussions that took place during the conference. Your contributions have significantly enriched the overall experience and impact of the event. There were 420 registration and 250 abstracts were received from 8 different countries, 16 Indian states. They were categorized into 200 oral presentations and 50 poster presentations. This volume of proceedings contains a compilation of selected papers that were presented during the conference. The manuscripts are received through Morressier platform and the reviewers are appointed by the Morressier platform itself, which also serves as the channel through which papers are accepted. We have received 53 papers for IOP conference series: Journal of Physics and 25 papers were accepted after critical evaluation process. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all the authors who submitted their work for consideration and to the members of the scientific committee for their rigorous review process. Their efforts have ensured the inclusion of outstanding research that aligns with the conference’s objectives. Special thanks to Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation, Deemed to be University, whose generous support played a crucial role in making this conference a success. As editors, we hope that this volume will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and practitioners, fostering further collaboration and inspiring future endeavours in our shared quest for knowledge and progress. Thus, the International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanomaterials for Energy, Environment, and Biomedical Applications proved to be a significant platform for knowledge exchange and collaboration in the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology. The event provided valuable insights into the current state of research, emerging trends, and the potential impact of nanoscience on energy, environmental sustainability, and biomedical advancements. As the field continues to advance, the conference served as a catalyst for future breakthroughs and collaborations that will shape the path of nanotechnology applications in various domains. Thank you for your participation and contribution to the success of the iNEEBA 2023. List of Brief overview of the meeting, full list of committee names and affiliations and Profile of the Guest Editor are available in this Pdf.

Analysis of Inflammatory Markers and Electroencephalogram Findings in Pediatric Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Center Study in Korea

Purpose: The Omicron variant wave spread rapidly from February 2022 in South Korea following the initial management of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. This study examined electroencephalogram (EEG) findings and serological inflammatory markers in pediatric patients with COVID-19 (Omicron variant).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 41 patients who presented at Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital between March and May 2022 and were diagnosed with COVID-19. All serological tests were performed within 24 hours of fever or seizure onset. Results: The median patient age was 3.6 years (range, 0.08 to 14.00), and the average hospital stay was 3.7 days (range, 1.0 to 7.0). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were elevated above the normal range in all patients (median, 43.18 pg/mL; range, 7.0 to 190.0) and were higher among those who experienced seizures. Of the 41 total patients, 17 (41.5%; mean age, 5.4 years) visited the clinic for seizure. Three patients experienced prolonged seizures (lasting longer than 30 minutes) and received intravenous lorazepam, while eight presented with complex febrile seizures. Nine patients underwent EEG, of whom five exhibited abnormal initial findings. Linear regression demonstrated correlations between prolonged seizure duration and both serum IL-6 level and blood lymphocyte count.Conclusion: Numerous serological markers associated with the immune cascade were found to be elevated in children with COVID-19. Nevertheless, febrile seizures represent a relatively common neurological presentation among pediatric patients infected with Omicron variants. Consequently, COVID-19 infection exhibits both familiar and distinct characteristics regarding the mechanisms inducing seizures and fever in children.

#968 Impact of the presence of acute kidney injury at the time of renal biopsy on long-term prognosis of IgA nephropathy

Abstract Background and Aims IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerular disease and an important cause of end-stage renal disease. Factors such as decreased renal function, persistent proteinuria, hypertension, and older age predict a poor prognosis in IgA nephropathy. Current international prediction tools for IgA nephropathy determine prognosis based on renal function using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the time of kidney biopsy. However, we observed differences in prognosis between patients with and without concurrent acute kidney injury (AKI) at the time of kidney biopsy. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether renal function at the time of renal biopsy is a suitable indicator for assessing the long-term prognosis of patients with IgA nephropathy with AKI. Method We retrospectively analyzed a total of 185 patients who were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy between 2009 and 2016 at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Clinical data, including pathological, demographic, and laboratory findings of patients, were used. We divided the patients into two groups based on the progression rate of kidney function per year, ‘Progression’ or ‘Non-progression group’. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Results Among a total of 185 patients, 113 showed a sustained decline in eGFR of more than 1 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year. The mean eGFR level of the non-progression group was significantly lower than that of the progression group (p = 0.027). The percentage of patients with AKI in the non-progression group was 25%, which was higher than that in the progression group (p < 0.001). The two groups had no significant differences in comorbid disease, medications at kidney biopsy, and treatment. In sub-analysis, the mean eGFR at kidney biopsy was significantly lower than that in the non-AKI group (p < 0.001). The mean estimated risk, calculated by the international prediction tool, was significantly lower in the AKI group. On the other hand, the mean rate of actual GFR decline per year was higher in the non-AKI group (p < 0.001). Conclusion We confirmed a discrepancy between the predicted prognosis and the actual decline in GFR, particularly in the AKI group. We found that AKI at the time of renal biopsy was a good long-term prognostic factor. There is a need to conduct further research to confirm whether this is due to early detection of AKI and early active treatment.

Effectiveness of online responsive teaching in young children with developmental disabilities: a pilot study.

Responsive teaching (RT) interventions, which enhance developmental outcomes by improving children's engagement behaviors, are traditionally delivered in person. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic complicated this approach. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and acceptance of online RT in children with developmental disabilities and their parents. This pilot study was conducted in Jinju, South Korea, and enrolled parent-child dyads referred to Gyeongsang National University Hospital for developmental concerns between April and September 2022. The children underwent a comprehensive developmental evaluation. The parents received a 5-session RT intervention via ZOOM on a mostly weekly basis. The first 2 sessions involved child development and RT lectures, while the others involved coaching on 3 of the 66 RT strategies. Problem behaviors, parent-child interactions, and parenting stress were assessed pre- versus postintervention using the Korean versions of the Child Behavior Checklist, Maternal/Child Behavior Rating Scale, and Parent Stress Index 4th Edition Short Form, respectively. Acceptability was evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. Of the 30 recruited parent-child pairs, 23 (76%) completed the intervention and assessments. The children (mean age, 2.66±0.86 years) included 12 with language delays, 7 with autism spectrum disorder, and 4 with global delays. Predominantly mothers (96%) participated. Online RT significantly improved pivotal behaviors- including joint attention (P=0.04), cooperation (P=0.01), and affect (P=0.01)-and reduced overall problem behaviors (P=0.04). Parents reported less parenting stress (P=0.01), improved interactive behaviors with increased responsiveness (P<0.01), and decreased directiveness (P<0.01). High satisfaction with online RT interventions was also previously reported. These findings suggest that online RT can improve children's emotional and behavioral outcomes and maternal interaction styles and reduce parenting stress, offering accessible interventions amid challenges such as limited access and pandemics.

Inflammation and platelet reactivity during adjunctive colchicine versus aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with potent P2Y12 inhibitor.

In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the use of anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine is associated with a reduction of recurrent ischemic events. The mechanisms of such findings are not fully elucidated. To investigate the effects of colchicine versus aspirin on inflammation and platelet reactivity in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing PCI. This observational study compared laboratory measurements in ACS patients receiving single antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor or prasugrel plus colchicine (MACT) (n = 185) versus conventional dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin plus ticagrelor or prasugrel (n = 497). The primary outcome was the frequency of high residual inflammation, defined as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) ≥2 mg/L at 1 month post-PCI. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed for the primary outcome, including multivariable adjustment, propensity-score matching, and inverse-probability weighted methods. One month after PCI, patients treated with MACT had significantly lower levels of hs-CRP compared to those treated with DAPT (0.6 [0.4-1.2] vs. 0.9 [0.6-2.3] mg/L, p < 0.001). The frequency of high residual inflammation was also lower in the MACT group (10.8% vs. 27.2%, p < 0.001) (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.33 [0.20-0.54], p < 0.001). This effect was consistent across sensitivity analyses. There was no difference in platelet reactivity between MACT and DAPT (49.6 ± 49.0 vs. 51.5 ± 66.4 P2Y12 reaction unit [PRU] measured by VerifyNow, p = 0.776). In ACS patients undergoing PCI, MACT was associated with a lower rate of high residual inflammation without increasing platelet reactivity compared to conventional DAPT. NCT04949516 for MACT pilot trial and NCT04650529 for Gyeongsang National University Hospital registry.

Prediction model for mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes using the autonomic function test.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for cognitive impairment, and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) has been correlated with cognitive impairment in elderly individuals. This study investigated risk factors and validated a predictive model for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with T2DM using an autonomic function test. Patients with T2DM, 50-85years of age, who attended the diabetes clinic at Gyeongsang National University Hospital between March 2018 and December 2019, were included. A total of 201 patients had been screened; we enrolled 124 patients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean version (MOCA-K); MCI was defined as a total MOCA-K score ≤ 23. Risk factors for MCI in patients with T2DM, including demographic- and diabetes-related factors, and autonomic function test results, were analyzed. Based on multivariate logistic regression, a nomogram was developed as a prediction model for MCI. Thirty-nine of 124 patients were diagnosed with MCI. Age, education, and decreased cardiovagal function were associated with a high risk for MCI, with cardiovagal function exerting the greatest influence. However, diabetes-related factors, such as glycemic control, duration of diabetes, or medications, were not associated with the risk for MCI. The nomogram demonstrated excellent discrimination (area under the curve, 0.832) and was well calibrated. Approximately one-third of patients had MCI; as such, carefully evaluating cognitive function in elderly T2DM patients with reduced HRV is important to prevent progression to dementia.

대학 글쓰기 교과의 흐름과 교재 개편 양상

The purpose of this article is to summarize the flow and textbook reorganization of Gyeongsang National University's writing curriculum and provide a reference point for the direction of future university writing textbooks by examining the characteristics of the recently published curriculum and the newly published textbooks. Put it. It was in 2009 that writing as a subject was designated as a required liberal arts subject at Gyeongsang National University. Since this period, the first common textbook for writing education was developed and published, textbooks have been reorganized and published every 4 to 5 years. Gyeongsang National University's writing curriculum and textbook composition are moving in a direction that takes into account the goals of liberal arts education and the needs and practical needs of learners. The direction of curriculum revision, which divides writing subjects into four categories and allows learners to selectively complete writing that they need or are interested in, along with the types of writing that are deemed fundamentally necessary for university education, can be understood in the same context. there is. In the case of textbook composition, it can be seen that the educational model and learning areas are subdivided according to the characteristics of the subject, and performance is emphasized through a process-centered approach.

Exploring the link between pediatric headaches and environmental noise exposure

BackgroundHeadaches are the most common neurologic symptoms in the pediatric population. Most primary headache in children and adolescents focuses on associated factors, including noise. Auditory discomfort is related to recognizing the pain. We aimed to analyze the headache profile of pediatric populations and the connection between noise exposure and head pain in children and adolescents.MethodsWe reviewed retrospectively medical records of the pediatric population with headaches in Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital from January 2022 to April 2023. Personal headache profiling from self-questionnaires and environmental noise data from the National Noise Information System (NNIS) were used to analyze each variable, and chi-square tests and linear regression models by SAS were used to analyze the statistical correlation.ResultsOf the 224 participants, 125 were clinically diagnosed with headaches. Of the 104 pubertal subjects, 56.7% were diagnosed with headaches, compared to 60% in the prepubertal group. Both daytime and nighttime noise was significantly higher in the diagnosed headache group than in the non-diagnosed group. Headache duration increased by daytime and nighttime noise with statistical significance in age-adjusted models.ConclusionWe found that noise exposure is correlated to headaches in children and adolescents. Daytime and nighttime environmental noise exposure was significantly associated with the duration of headaches through our data. Therefore, we assume that noise exposure is vitally relevant to prolonged headaches in the pediatric population. Further research is needed to improve our data.

A retrospective evaluation of individual thigh muscle volume disparities based on hip fracture types in followed-up patients: an AI-based segmentation approach using UNETR.

Hip fractures are a common and debilitating condition, particularly among older adults. Loss of muscle mass and strength is a common consequence of hip fractures, which further contribute to functional decline and increased disability. Assessing changes in individual thigh muscles volume in follow-up patients can provide valuable insights into the quantitative recovery process and guide rehabilitation interventions. However, accurately measuring anatomical individual thigh muscle volume can be challenging due to various, labor intensive and time-consuming. This study aimed to evaluate differences in thigh muscle volume in followed-up hip fracture patients computed tomography (CT) scans using an AI based automatic muscle segmentation model. The study included a total of 18 patients at Gyeongsang National University, who had undergone surgical treatment for a hip fracture. We utilized the automatic segmentation algorithm which we have already developed using UNETR (U-net Transformer) architecture, performance dice score = 0.84, relative absolute volume difference 0.019 ± 0.017%. The results revealed intertrochanteric fractures result in more significant muscle volume loss (females: -97.4 cm3, males: -178.2 cm3) compared to femoral neck fractures (females: -83 cm3, males: -147.2 cm3). Additionally, the study uncovered substantial disparities in the susceptibility to volume loss among specific thigh muscles, including the Vastus lateralis, Adductor longus and brevis, and Gluteus maximus, particularly in cases of intertrochanteric fractures. The use of an automatic muscle segmentation model based on deep learning algorithms enables efficient and accurate analysis of thigh muscle volume differences in followed up hip fracture patients. Our findings emphasize the significant muscle loss tied to sarcopenia, a critical condition among the elderly. Intertrochanteric fractures resulted in greater muscle volume deformities, especially in key muscle groups, across both genders. Notably, while most muscles exhibited volume reduction following hip fractures, the sartorius, vastus and gluteus groups demonstrated more significant disparities in individuals who sustained intertrochanteric fractures. This non-invasive approach provides valuable insights into the extent of muscle atrophy following hip fracture and can inform targeted rehabilitation interventions.

Clinical Experiences Using CyberKnife for Large-Volume Meningiomas: A Preliminary Study.

This preliminary study evaluates the safety and efficacy of CyberKnife radiosurgery (CKRS) for large-volume meningiomas (≥10 cm³), where surgical options may be limited due to tumor location or patient health conditions. We retrospectively analyzed 18 patients with meningiomas treated with CKRS at Gyeongsang National University Hospital between 2010 and 2020. Tumor control and survival rates were evaluated, with follow-up imaging performed regularly. CKRS achieved a 5-year overall survival rate of 92.3% and a 5-year tumor control rate of 93.8%. Symptomatic peritumoral edema occurred in 61.1% of patients, with 16.7% requiring surgical intervention. CKRS appears to be a promising option for patients with large meningiomas, showing good tumor control and manageable complications. Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to confirm these findings.

PD-L1 and PD-1 Expression in Early Stage Uterine Endometrioid Carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for cancer treatment in clinical oncology have revolutionized patient care. However, no gold standard exists for the criteria of analytical validity of TILs of different types of cancer. Clinicopathological data from 60 patients with endometrioid carcinoma (EC) who had undergone surgical treatment at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital between January 2002 and December 2009, were investigated. The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) expression levels were characterized by immunohistochemical staining patterns, and the interpretations derived from machine learning morphometric analysis (Genie) and the pathologists' assessments were compared. In solid tumors, pathologists assessed the proportion of positive cells in each core of the tissue microarray. For Genie, the proportion of positive cells in the entire core and the number of positive cells per 1 mm2 were used. Both the pathologists and Genie identified the same trend in association with tumor size, with significant differences (p=0.026, p=0.033). Genie expression showed a significant association with PD1 expression, and pathologists identified a significant association with PDL1 expression in immune cells. The PD1 expression levels identified in immune cells of EC specimens were similar between the pathologists and Genie, suggesting that there is little resistance to the introduction of morphometric analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to introduce and validate machine learning as an integrated method for predicting prognosis and treatment based on PD1 expression in EC tumor microenvironments.

An Improved Lithium-Sulfur Battery By Using Porous Carbon As the Sulfur Template

As global demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to rise, the rechargeable battery of high-energy density is actively researched. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in the electric vehicles (EVs) and have been leading the EVs market. However, LIBs have reached their limits due to their practical low-capacity and high-cost. Therefore, novel strategy is required to solve the problem of the LIBs.Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries attract attention because of high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh/g) and high energy density (2600 Wh/kg). Moreover, sulfur as electrode material is abundant and inexpensive. However, the sulfur-based batteries have serious disadvantages, which is the shuttle of intermediate polysulfides (Li2Sn, 2<n≤8), and low conductivity, result in poor cycle stability and low discharge capacity [1,2].Therefore, in this study, the sulfur electrode is fabricated by impregnating sulfur into three-dimensional porous carbon. The porous structure suppressed the dissolution/shuttle of sulfur species and improved the cycling stability and discharge capacity. Moreover, three types of porous carbon templated of activated carbon cloth, activated carbon felt, and porous carbon foam were compared on electrochemical performances.Reference Jimin Yun, 2023, High Loading Sulfur Cathode with Three-dimensional Porous Current Collector for Lithium-Sulfur Battery, Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, P.11, p.14Kimin Park, 2022, Design od metal phosphate based electrodes for high-performance Li-Ion & Li-S battery, Department of materials science and engineering seoul national university, P.1

FcRn Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Its Association with Clinicopathologic Features.

Endometrial cancer (EC) has robust molecular diagnostic evidence that correlates well with prognosis. In various types of cancers, FcRn has been identified as an early marker for prognosis. This study aims to assess FcRn expression and its association with clinicopathological features in endometrial cancer. We employed a tissue microarray (TMA) from a retrospective cohort of 41 patients diagnosed with endometrioid endometrial cancer post hysterectomy between January 2002 and December 2009 at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Relevant clinical data collection for the cohort involved reviewing patients' electronic medical charts. FcRn expression in microarrays of patient EC tissue was examined in conjunction with clinicopathologic data. Experiments, including siRNA knock-down, PCR mRNA semiquantification, Western blot, and confluence change tests, were conducted on the Ishikawa cell line. The overall FcRn expression rate in EC patients was 41.8%. FIGO stage showed a statistically significant relationship with FcRn expression, while age, lymphovascular invasion, myometrial invasion, and tumor size had no effect. In endometrioid cancer cells of FIGO stage IA, FcRn was less frequently expressed than in other high-staged EC patients (p = 0.021). In experiments on the Ishikawa cell line, the siRNA knock-down group exhibited quantitatively lower FCGRT mRNA expression and lower FcRn protein signal compared to the scrambled RNA control group. The change in confluence over time measured at three hotspots did not show a significant difference between groups. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the initial assessment of FcRn expression in endometrioid EC samples. FcRn expression was significantly associated with the FIGO stage. Ishikawa cell line proliferation did not significantly change in response to decreased FcRn expression. Further studies are needed to elucidate FcRn expression in EC as a potential molecular parameter.

Preface

The 5th International Conference on Biosciences (The 5th ICOBIO) https://biologi.ipb.ac.id/web/en/page/icobio Introduction of the 5th ICOBIO 2023 The 5th International Conference on Biosciences 2023 (The 5th ICOBIO 2023) is a scientific biennial event organized by the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University. The 5th ICOBIO 2023 was held in IPB International Convention Centre, Bogor, Indonesia, from 2nd-3rd August 2023, in collaboration with Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia and Kasetsart University (KU), Thailand. The theme of the conference is: “Bioscience Innovations and Biodiversity Management to Support Sustainable Development Goals”. The conference was organized through a hybrid system, where all the Indonesian participants had to attend on-site, while some international participants could attend online. However, due to good enthusiasm, most international participants attended the event directly in Bogor, Indonesia.We thank all partners, especially Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia, and Kasetsart University (KU), Thailand, for supporting us in co-organizing this international conference. We also thank Dr. Laksana Tri Handoko, M.Sc, Head of National Research & Innovation Agency (BRIN), and Bagus Putra Muljadi, Ph.D from the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom, as keynote speakers. We also truly appreciate all the invited speakers who shared important lectures at this conference, including Dr. M. Arif Budiman, Orion Genomic, USA; Yohey Terai, Ph.D., SOKENDAI-The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, Japan; Prof. Woo Sik Chung, Gyeongsang National University, Korea; Assoc. Prof. Nur Ain Izzati, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Prof. Arinthip Thamchaipenet, Kasetrast University, Thailand; and Prof. Lisdar I Sudirman, Department of Biology, IPB University, Indonesia. We sincerely thank all the distinguished participants who attended the 5th ICOBIO 2023. The conference was attended by 218 participants from Indonesia and 24 international participants who came from Malaysia (15), Thailand (3), Japan (2), China (1), Chinese Taipei (1), South Korea (2), and also from Indonesia (194 participants). The contribution of all participants truly brought a fruitful and delightful scientific atmosphere throughout the two-day conference.The scientific committee of the conference has selected 100 best papers that are scientifically suitable to be published in the international proceeding IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES) . These papers were selected through a blind-reviewing process by reputable reviewers. These papers are categorized into five topics, i.e. (1) Biodiversity, Biological Conservation, and Climate Change; (2) Bioprospecting and Industrial Biology; (3) Omics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology; (4) Techno-biology and Bioengineering; and (5) Smart and Sustainable Agro-maritime. We congratulate all the authors whose paper has been selected to be published in the proceeding ICOBIO 2023. We wish that all the papers would be part of our contribution to the exchange of information between all researchers and stakeholders at national and international levels.Finally, we would like to thank IPB University, which, through the Directorate of Global Connectivity, IPB University has strongly supported this event and our sponsors, including PT. Agincourt Resources, Advisains, PT. Elo Karsa Utama, PT. Genetika Science Indonesia and Bank Syariah Indonesia. A profound appreciation is addressed to all the Steering and Organizing Committee for making this event possible and making the conference agenda run very well and lively.List of The Committee of Icobio 2023 is available in this pdf.

Machine Learning Approaches for Assessing Risk Factors of Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.

Adrenal insufficiency is a rare, yet life-threatening immune-related adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aimed to establish a risk scoring system for adrenal insufficiency in patients receiving anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents. Moreover, several machine learning methods were utilized to predict such complications. This study included 209 ICI-treated patients from July 2015 to February 2021, excluding those with prior adrenal insufficiency, previous steroid therapy, or incomplete data to ensure data integrity. Patients were continuously followed up at Gyeongsang National University Hospital, with morning blood samples taken for basal cortisol level measurements, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of their adrenal insufficiency risk. Using a chi-squared test and logistic regression model, we derived the odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) through univariate and multivariable analyses. This study utilized machine learning algorithms, such as decision trees, random forests, support vector machines (SVM), and logistic regression to predict adrenal insufficiency in patients treated with ICIs. The performance of each algorithm was evaluated using metrics like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), ensuring rigorous assessment and reproducibility. A risk scoring system was developed from the multivariable and machine learning analyses. In a multivariable analysis, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (AOR 4.5), and α-blockers (AOR 6.0) were significant risk factors for adrenal insufficiency after adjusting for confounders. Among the machine learning models, logistic regression and elastic net showed good predictions, with AUROC values of 0.75 (0.61-0.90) and 0.76 (0.64-0.89), respectively. Based on multivariable and machine learning analyses, females (1 point), age ≥ 65 (1 point), PPIs (1 point), α-blockers (2 points), and antipsychotics (3 points) were integrated into the risk scoring system. From the logistic regression curve, patients with 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 points showed approximately 1.1%, 2.8%, 7.3%, 17.6%, 36.8%, 61.3%, and 81.2% risk for adrenal insufficiency, respectively. The application of our scoring system could prove beneficial in patient assessment and clinical decision-making while administering PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Correlation between Harris hip score and gait analysis through artificial intelligence pose estimation in patients after total hip arthroplasty

BackgroundRecently, open pose estimation using artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled the analysis of time series of human movements through digital video inputs. Analyzing a person's actual movement as a digitized image would give objectivity in evaluating a person's physical function. In the present study, we investigated the relationship of AI camera-based open pose estimation with Harris Hip Score (HHS) developed for patient-reported outcome (PRO) of hip joint function. MethodHHS evaluation and pose estimation using AI camera were performed for a total of 56 patients after total hip arthroplasty in Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Joint angles and gait parameters were analyzed by extracting joint points from time-series data of the patient's movements. A total of 65 parameters were from raw data of the lower extremity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to find main parameters. K-means cluster, X-squared test, Random forest, and mean decrease Gini (MDG) graph were also applied. ResultsThe train model showed 75% prediction accuracy and the test model showed 81.8% reality prediction accuracy in Random forest. “Anklerang_max”, “kneeankle_diff”, and “anklerang_rl” showed the top 3 Gini importance score in the Mean Decrease Gini (MDG) graph. ConclusionThe present study shows that pose estimation data using AI camera is related to HHS by presenting associated gait parameters. In addition, our results suggest that ankle angle associated parameters could be key factors of gait analysis in patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty.

Conversion to Veno-arteriovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Differential Hypoxia.

Patients who require initial venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) support may need to undergo veno-arteriovenous ECMO (VAV ECMO) conversion. However, there are no definitive criteria for conversion to VAV ECMO. We report 9 cases of VAV ECMO at Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine. Of 158 patients who received ECMO support between January 2017 and June 2019, 82 were supported by initial VA ECMO. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 9 patients (7 men and 2 women; age, 53.1±19.4 years) who had differential hypoxia and required VAV ECMO support. Percutaneous transaortic catheter venting was used to detect the differential hypoxia. Among the 82 patients who received VA ECMO support, 9 (10.9%) had differential hypoxia and required conversion to VAV ECMO support. The mean time from VA ECMO support to VAV ECMO support and the mean duration of the VAV support were 2.1±2.2 days and 1.9±1.5 days, respectively. The average peak inspiratory pressure before and after VAV ECMO application was 23.89±3.95 cmH2O and 20.67±5.72 cmH2O, respectively, decreasing by an average of 3.2±3.5 cmH2O (p=0.040). The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was kept below 100 mm Hg in survivors and non-survivors for 116±65.4 and 250±124.9 minutes, respectively (p=0.016). Six patients underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, of whom 4 survived (67%). The overall survival rate of patients who underwent conversion from VA ECMO to VAV ECMO was approximately 56%. Rapid detection of differential hypoxia is required when VA ECMO is applied, and efficient conversion to VAV ECMO may be critical for patient survival.

Parenting stress and interactive engagement behaviors in children with developmental delay.

In clinical practice, the importance of interactive engagement behaviors is overlooked in children with developmental problems other than autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parenting stress affects children's development but lacks attention from clinicians. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of interactive engagement behaviors and parenting stress among non-ASD children with developmental delays (DDs). We also analyzed whether engagement behaviors affect parenting stress. At Gyeongsang National University Hospital, between May 2021 and October 2021, we retrospectively enrolled 51 consecutive patients diagnosed with DDs in language or cognition (but not ASD) in the delayed group and 24 typically developing children in the control group. The Korean version of the Parenting Stress Index-4 and Child Interactive Behavior Test were used to assess the participants. The median age of the delayed group was 31.0 months (interquartile range, 25.0-35.5 months); this group included 42 boys (82.4%). There were no intergroup differences in child age, child sex, parental age, parental educational background, mother's employment status, or marital status. Higher parenting stress (P<0.001) and fewer interactive engagement behaviors (P<0.001) were observed in the delayed group. Low parental acceptance and competence had the largest effects on total parenting stress in the delayed group. A mediation analysis revealed that DDs did not directly affect total parenting stress (β=3.49, P=0.440). Instead, DDs contributed to total parenting stress, which was mediated by children's overall interactive engagement behaviors (β=57.30, P<0.001). Interactive engagement behaviors were significantly reduced in non-ASD children with DDs and significantly mediated parenting stress. The importance of parenting stress and interactive behaviors in children with DDs should be further examined in clinical practice.