Guttural Research Articles

An Assessment of Horsnell's Hebrew Grammar

Professor Horsnell intends to fill a gap existing in grammars of biblical Hebrew between elementary and introductory texts on the one hand and large, exhaustive, sometimes multi-volumed works on the other (p. iii). The key words of the title are review and reference. One aim is to provide students working beyond the first year of introductory Hebrew with a text book which will assist them in a systematic review of the phonology, mor phology, and syntax of the language. At the same time, Horsnell believes he has provided a reference grammar which he positions between teaching grammars on the one hand (e.g., B. P. Kittel, V. Hoffer, and R. A. Wright, Biblical Hebrew: A Text and Workbook, T. O. Lambdin, Introduction to Biblical Hebrew, C. L. Seow, A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew, and E. Ben Zvi, M. Hancock, and R. Beinert, Readings in Biblical Hebrew: An Inter mediate Textbook) and advanced grammars on the other (e.g., J. Blau, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, A. E. Cowley, ed., Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar as Edited and Enlarged by the Late E. Kautsch, P. Jo?on, Grammaire de Vh?breu biblique, and B. K. Waltke and M. P. O'Connor, An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax). Other grammars in the same class as reference grammars are, according to Horsnell, J. C. L. Gibson, Davidson s Introductory Hebrew Grammar: Syntax and R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax: An Outline. In March of 1999, A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar by Christo H. J. van der Merwe, Jackie A. Naud? and Jan H. Kroeze (Sheffield Academic Press) appeared?a work comparable to that of Horsnell's intended audience and therefore helpful in evaluating the present one. Some description of Horsnell's work is necessary in order to evaluate how feasible and successful are the achievement of his aims in a single volume. His arrangement of topics is as follows. First in Part 1 are intro ductory matters covered in seven chapters: Alphabet, Vowels, Other Matters Regarding the Script (Dagesh, Raphe, Mappiq, Maqqef, Silent Shewa, Quiescent Letters, Stress and Meteg), Guttural Consonants,

Rethinking Geminates, Long-Distance Geminates, and the OCP

Building on the analysis of long-distance geminates as reduplication, this article argues that the OCP may apply to identical consonants across an intervening vowel. This is adduced from the behavior of guttural consonants in Semitic. It is further argued that antigemination is not resistance to an OCP violation but avoidance of gemination; syncope between identical consonants avoids an OCP violation by creating a geminate. This entails that there is no surface representational distinction between true and fake geminates. Finally, cases of reduplication are examined in which the standard reduplicant is changed to avoid either gemination or an OCP violation.

Descripción del alfabeto hebreo a partir del Liber interpretationis hebraicorum nominum de san Jerónimo

In his «Liber interpretationis hebraicorum nominum», saint Hieronymus, without proposing it but obliged by both the need for systematization that the own method of this work requires and the submission to the alphabetical order, places before us a work that provides us with a valuable information about the pronunciation of Latin as well as Hebrew alphabets and that could be considered as a first introductory part to an Hebrew grammar. Nevertheless, we must take into account some important limitations : not all the Hebrew letters appear, as not all of them have a Latin equivalent ; and not all the Latin letters appear either because, as he clearly explains, he was not able to find any equivalent for some of them, and it is obviously impossible to connect them one with another. However, he does not avoid any of the problems which both the transcription of the vowels, non existing in Hebrew, and the different sibilant, dental and guttural consonants. He distinguishes as well, explaining the reasons for it, between long and short, aspirate and non-aspirate letters. Also, he points out, when it occurs, the coincidence in the Latin form of two terms with a different Hebrew origin and, therefore, different meanings. Although his first aim is not bring forward any kind of information about the letters, this work will serve as a point of reference for subsequent grammarians

Phonology and phonetic evidence: Papers in laboratory phonology IV Ed. by Bruce Connell and Amalia Arvaniti (review)

908 LANGUAGE, VOLUME 73, NUMBER 4 (1997) praise-oratory as commodity examines the economic value of language. Commodification of language is also at issue in Michael Silverstein's discussion of the U.S. ideology of monolingual Standard English. Silverstein's critique of the LSA's resolution against the Official English movement may cause some linguists to open—and others to roll—their eyes. Finally , Jane Hill's study of Mexicano and Spanish use in Mexico's Malinche region indicates that ideologies oflinguistic purity may co-exist with and even be formulated within 'impure' mixed codes. With its broad scope and useful introductory essays , the book fills a gap between textbooks and edited volumes for scholarly use. It will anchor courses in linguistic anthropology, sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis and will also serve as a useful reference for researchers. [Mary Bucholtz, University of California, Berkeley.] Phonology and phonetic evidence: Papers in laboratory phonology IV. Ed. by Bruce Connell and Amalia Arvaniti. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xiii, 403. This book is a selection of papers from the Fourth Conference in Laboratory Phonology held in Oxford in August 1993. Following the pattern ofthe previous LabPhon books and conferences, this book contains both papers and commentaries on those papers. The commentaries provide a second, and sometimes contrary , perspective on the data and issues discussed in the papers. In this, the fourth book in the LabPhon series, some issues fromthe previous books are revisited , demonstrating that laboratory phonology is an emerging research paradigm which has revealed new issues for investigation. The book is organized into three parts. Part I, 'Features and perception' (7-92), contains chapters on the nature of features and their place in phonology. John Kingston and Randy Diehl (discussed by Terrance Nearey) examine the status of features in perception and conclude that features represent intermediate perceptual categories, not acoustic events. John Ohala and Manjari Ohala (discussed by James McQueen) investigate underspecification in lexical access in Hindi, following up work by William Marslen-Wilson and Aditi Lahiri ('Lexical processing and phonological representation '. Gesture, segment, prosody: Papers in laboratory phonology II. ed. by Gerard Docherty and D. Robert Ladd, 229-54. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992). Kenneth de Jong presents an articulatory study of redundant features and shows that speakers use a variety of articulatory strategies to implement a phonological contrast. Part II, 'Prosody' (95-201), contains chapters on suprasegmental structure. Esther Grabe and Paul Warren and Irene Vogel, H. Timothy Bunnell, and Steven Hoskins (both discussed by Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel) present acoustic and perceptual studies of stress shift in the English rhythm rule. Haruo Kuobonzo (discussed by Mary Beckman) presents perceptual evidence for the mora in Japanese . Kathleen Hubbard (discussed by Bernard Tranel) examines acoustic evidence for moraic timing in Bantu. Part III, 'Articulatory organization' (205-392), contains chapters concerned primarily with articulatory phonology, a theoretical framework which is closely tied to the laboratory phonology paradigm. Caroline Smith (discussed by Richard Ogden) tests models of gestural coordination for Italian and Japanese. Sun-Ah Jun (discussed by Gerard Docherty ) presents a gestural analysis of stop voicing in Korean that makes crucial use of prosodically conditioned gestural overlap. Elizabeth Zgisa (discussed by James Scobbie); Tara Holst and Francis Nolan (discussed by Catherine Browman); and Daniel Recasens, Jordi Fontdevila, and Maria Dolors Pallares consider differences between the phonological and articulatory representations ofpalatal and palatalized consonants. Sook-Hyang Lee (discussed by Francis Nolan) examines the relationship between jaw movement and consonant place of articulation in oral and guttural consonants. Didier Demolin (discussed by Louis Goldstein) presents an aerodynamic and acoustic study of implosive consonants in Lendu. [Stefan Frisch, Indiana University .] ...

Variable laryngeals and vowel lowering

The group of guttural consonants consists of those consonants articulated at the back of the vocal tract or with some constriction of the pharynx: uvulars, pharyngeals, laryngeals and emphatics, or pharyngealised/uvularised consonants. These consonants pattern together in terms of several phonological properties, as extensively documented by McCarthy (1989, 1991, 1994). He argues that this natural class can be captured in a model of feature geometry by a node dependent on the Place node: the Pharyngeal node. However, the status of the laryngeal consonants within this class of segments is unresolved. While it is clear that the laryngeals [? h] pattern with the other guttural consonants in Semitic languages, these sounds have also been argued to lack Place specification altogether (Steriade 1987; Bessell 1992). McCarthy (1991, 1994) suggests that languages may in fact stipulate whether laryngeal consonants are specified with a Pharyngeal node, or are Placeless. Bessell & Czaykowska-Higgins (1992) and Bessell (1992), based on data from Interior Salish languages, argue that this selection is independent of the inventory of guttural segments within a language.

Phonological Structure and Phonetic Form

1. Introduction Patricia Keating Part I. Intonation: 2. Articulatory evidence for differentiating stress categories Mary E. Beckman and Jan Edwards 3. 'Stress shift' as early placement of pitch accents Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel 4. Constraints on the gradient variability of pitch range, or, pitch level 4 lives! D. Robert Ladd 5. 'Gesture' in prosody Bruce Hayes 6. What is the smallest prosodic domain? Vincent J. van Heuven 7. The segment as smallest prosodic element: a curious hypothesis Allard Jongman Part II. Syllables: 8. Articulatory phonetic clues to syllable affiliation Alice Turk 9. The phonology and phonetics of extrasyllabicity in French Annie Rialland 10. Phonetic correlates of syllable affiliation Francis Nolan 11. Syllable structure and word structure Janet Pierrehumbert Part III. Feature Theory: 12. The phonetics and phonology of Semitic pharyngeals John J. McCarthy 13. Possible articulatory bases for the class of guttural consonants Louis Goldstein 14. Phonetic evidence for hierarchies of futures Kenneth N. Stevens 15. Do acoustic landmarks constrain the coordination of articulatory events? Louis Goldstein Part IV. Phonetic Output: 16. Phonetic evidence for sound change in Quebec French Malcah Yaeger-Dror 17. Polysyllabic words in the York Talk synthesis system John Coleman 18. Phonetic arbitrariness and the input problem Keith Johnson 19. Lip aperture and consonant releases Catherine P. Browman 20. Change and stability in the contrasts conveyed by consonant releases John Kingston Indexes.

Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew (review)

REVIEWS LINGUISTICS AND BIBLICAL HEBREW. Walter R. Bodine, ed. Pp. x + 323. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1992. Cloth, $34.50. The premise of this volume is that analyses of the language of the Bible ought to be "commensurate with those advanced for comparable phenomena in other languages, and they must be subject to the same standards of evaluation" (p. 191). Because linguistic facts fonn a language system, "it is illegitimate to analyze any piece of data independently of the systems of which it constitutes an element" (p. 206). Philologists, however, have often failed to incorporate the insights of modem linguistics in their research on the biblical text because of the predisposition of linguistics to a synchronic analysis of spoken language and the inherently diachronic nature of the biblical data. This volume attempts to introduce the discipline of linguistics to philologists and to illustrate the validity and utility of linguistics for a description and elucidation of the language of the biblical text (p. 2). It is, perhaps, most important for biblical scholars to consider the plethora of factors apart from questions of textual transmission which contribute to linguistic variation within the text: phonological conditioning (including the selective application or non-application of phonological rules), morphophonemic processes, diachronic change, regional dialects, and discourse strategies. Following the editor's brief introduction to "The Study of Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew" (pp. 1-5), the volume is structured along the lines of the major divisions of linguistics, with sections on phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse analysis, historicaVcomparative linguistics, and graphemics. The initial essay in each section introduces the linguistic field to scholars of Biblical Hebrew; the following essay illustrates the application of that linguistic field to Biblical Hebrew. Most of the essays in the volume were delivered during 1983-1987 at the Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew unit of the annual Society of Biblical Literature meetings and are published without substantial revision. A basic bibliography is included, which covers the linguistic analysis of Biblical Hebrew in each of the linguistic fields discussed in the volume with additional sections covering poetry and translation. The volume concludes with extensive indices of authorities and biblical citations. The first (and most extensive) section treats phonology in its two main branches: descriptive phonology and generative phonology. Although these Hebrew Studies 36 (1995) 124 Reviews are historically the major branches of phonology and thus foundational for the linguistic study of sound systems, philologists would have benefited from an additional essay surveying the full range of phonological theory and including, in particular, autosegmental phonology. Devens' essay ("What Descriptive Phonologists Do: One Approach to the Study of Language, with Particular Attention to Biblical Hebrew," (pp. 7-16) introduces the terminology, methodology, and goals of descriptive phonology, with particular attention to the problem of phonetic and phonemic interpretation of the masoretic text. Revell presents a fme example of descriptive phonology in "The Development of SegOi in an Open Syllable as a Reflex of *a: An Exercise in Descriptive Phonology" (pp. 1728 ), in which he argues that the three reflexes of *a in open syllables (parall, segOi , and qame$) represent stages in a single process of development which was conditioned by the total phonological environment and not just the following sound (p. 26). In "An Introduction to a Generative Phonology of Biblical Hebrew" (pp. 29-40) Greenstein clearly presents the theoretical underpinnings of the generative method with Biblical Hebrew examples. He interacts with some of the particular problems inherent in a generative approach to Biblical Hebrew (especially the question of masoretic vocalization and its relationship to a spoken language) and illustrates the value of an abstract analysis. Enos explores these problems with respect to the guttural consonants in "Phonological Considerations in the Study of Hebrew Phonetics: An Introductory Discussion" (pp. 41-47). Garr's essay, "The Linguistic Study of Morphology" (pp. 49-64), provides a classic introduction to morphology and morphophonemics with copious Biblical Hebrew examples. Rendsburg compiles examples of morphological variation within the text to differentiate sociolinguistic communities in "Morphological Evidence for Regional Dialects in Ancient Hebrew" (pp. 65-88). These two fine articles could have been in separate sections: Garr's essay followed by a study of a discrete morphological problem and Rendsburg's...

Notes on Dating the Cantonese Dentilabialization of Middle Chinese Gutturals

Notes on Dating the Cantonese Dentilabialization of Middle Chinese Gutturals

Secondary Opening of Syllables Originally Closed with Gutturals (In Hebrew)

Secondary Opening of Syllables Originally Closed with Gutturals (In Hebrew)

Pronounciation: N before a guttural

Pronounciation: N before a guttural

The Etymology of Hittite yukas

Sturtevant in HG' 144, speaking of relatively transparent nouncompounds in Hittite, goes on to say 'One may be almost equally sure that tayukas (ta-a-i-ui-ga-as', da-a-i-4-ga-al, ta-a-u'-ga-a) 'two years old' beside yukas (i-i-ga-a`) 'one year old' is a compound whose prior member is akin to tan (ta-a-an, da-a-an) 'iterum, second'; but our ignorance of the etymology of the second member makes its classification impossible'. This article is an attempt to explain the word yukas 'yearling'.2 In SH 93 Hrozny' suggests an etymological connection of yukas with Goth. juggs 'young' and Lat. iuvencus 'bullock', which Sturtevant LANG. 6.215 accepts as a possibility, although he finds a difficulty in the loss of the nasal, since a nasal before a guttural is apparently

Wyld, H. C.: Contributions to the History of the English Gutturals

Wyld, H. C.: Contributions to the History of the English Gutturals

Wyld, H. C.: Contributions to the History of the English Gutturals

Wyld, H. C.: Contributions to the History of the English Gutturals

Do the sounds of the new guttural series (or the non-labialized velars) suffer dentalization in Greek?

Article Do the sounds of the new guttural series (or the non-labialized velars) suffer dentalization in Greek? was published on January 1, 1894 in the journal Indogermanische Forschungen (volume 4, issue 1).