The in movement began in earnest with the announcement of the results of the I958 congressional election. There was no doubt that this election was a striking victory for the Democratic Party and a humiliating rout for the Republicans. Whereas the line-up in the Eighty-fifth Congress' House of Representatives consisted of 235 Democrats and 200 Republicans, the margin in the newlyelected House widened to 282 to i53. Moreover the Senate lost, through defeat or retirement, such pro-business lawmakers as John Bricker, Edward Thye, George Malone, Arthur Watkins, Chapman Revercomb, Alexander Smith, William Knowland, and William Jenner. There were further indications that the new arrivals in both houses of Congress had been supported by trade union funds and the doorbell-ringing campaign of the AFL-CIO's Committee on Political Education (COPE). The next two years would be difficult ones for business, at least so far as the legislative prospect was concerned. Nor was it heartening to know that in five out of six states voters rejected right to law referenda. In anticipation of and in response to this turn of events, the members of the business community began to sound warnings. An executive of the Gulf Oil Corporation minced no words in calling attention to the predatory gangsterism and crackpot socialism that are thriving and expanding under congressional benevolence.' The president of du Pont, looking over the election returns, complained that corporations as such are disenfranchised and are without political identity.2 Less than a month after the Eighty-sixth Congress settled down to business a Ford Motor Company spokesman felt entitled to speak of labor's domination of the present United States Congress.3 The answer, of course, was for businessmen to get into politics and to act as a countervailing force against trade union power and the general trend towards socialistic legislation. The president of the United States Chamber of Commerce exhorted that association's members:4 We must roll up our sleeves and get to work * A.B. I95I, Amherst College; B.A. 1953, Oxford University; Ph.D. I955, Princeton University; Associate Professor of Government, Cornell University. Author, POLITICS AND THE CORPORATION (1958); POLITICAL THEORY: PHILOSOPHY, IDEOLOGY, SCIENCE (I96I). Contributor to political science and general periodicals. t B.A. I96I, Cornell University. Graduate Student at Harvard School of Business Administration, I961-1962. Currently Graduate Student in Political Science, The Ohio State University. 1Archie D. Gray, quoted in Washington Post and Times Herald, Sept. 23, 1950, p. 26. 2 Crawford H. Greenewalt, A Political Role for Businessmen, address delivered before the North Carolina Citizens Association, March 25, I959. 3 Thomas R. Reid, Political Action: A New Dimension of Responsibility for Management, speech delivered before the American Management Association General Management Conference, Jan. 26, I959. 4 William A. McDonnell, quoted in Time magazine, Oct. 6, I958, p. 82, cols. 1-2.