Guided Bone Regeneration Technique Research Articles

Guided bone regeneration for peri-implant augmentation: Aretrospective study comparing two surgical techniques with a mean follow-up of 26 months.

To introduce a modified guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique using intact periosteum and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) for peri-implant augmentation and compare the clinical outcomes with those of conventional GBR. Patients who received peri-implant augmentation in posterior sites between 2015 and 2021 were reviewed in this study. Group A was treated with a modified GBR technique, and Group B was treated with conventional GBR. For group comparison, propensity score matching was performed with a sensitivity analysis. The implant survival rate, dimensional changes in hard tissue, marginal bone loss (MBL), and peri-implant parameters were evaluated. In total, 114 implants from 98 patients were included. The implant survival rates were 95.74% in Group A and 95.00% in Group B during the follow-up period. At 6 months, the median horizontal thickness was recorded at 0.87 mm (IQ1-IQ3 = 0.00-1.75 mm) in Group A, exhibiting a relatively lower value compared to the corresponding measurement of 0.98 mm (IQ1-IQ3 = 0.00-1.89 mm) in Group B (p = .937). Vertical height displayed no statistically significant intergroup difference between the two groups (p = .758). The mean follow-up period was 25.83 ± 12.93 months after loading in Group A and 27.47 ± 21.29 months in Group B (p = .761). MBL and peri-implant parameters were comparable between the two groups. Within the limitations of this study, the modified GBR technique using intact periosteum and DBBM grafting might be a viable alternative to correct bone defects around implants in molar and premolar sites.

Recent Advances in Scaffolds for Guided Bone Regeneration.

The rehabilitation of alveolar bone defects of moderate to severe size is often challenging. Currently, the therapeutic approaches used include, among others, the guided bone regeneration technique combined with various bone grafts. Although these techniques are widely applied, several limitations and complications have been reported such as morbidity, suboptimal graft/membrane resorption rate, low structural integrity, and dimensional stability. Thus, the development of biomimetic scaffolds with tailor-made characteristics that can modulate cell and tissue interaction may be a promising tool. This article presents a critical consideration in scaffold's design and development while also providing information on various fabrication methods of these nanosystems. Their utilization as delivery systems will also be mentioned.

Guided Bone Regeneration to Support Lack of Mandibular Buccal Plate

Background: Insufficient bone condition can pose a significant challenge in dental implant procedures. The success of implant therapy relies on having sufficient bone thickness at the implant site. Factors such as bone atrophy, periodontal disease, trauma, and intermaxillary relationships (vertical, horizontal, and sagittal) can lead to insufficient bone volume for placing implants. To address this issue, bone augmentation techniques are commonly used to restore function and improve aesthetics in areas with inadequate bone. Various techniques and materials are available for bone augmentation, including Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), which is one of the known methods with varying success rates. Objective: provide information about the management of bone augmentation in dental implants using the GBR technique. Case report: involves a 21-year-old male patient who sought treatment at a clinic to resolve functional issues and prevent dental shifting following a tooth extraction. The patient desired permanent dentures for the left mandibular area. After undergoing several examinations, it was determined that dental implants on tooth 46, with a diameter of 4.1 mm and length of 10 mm, accompanied by a cemented-screw type porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown, would be appropriate. In this particular case, the GBR technique with allograft bone grafts was employed for bone augmentation. After approximately one year of observation, evidence of new bone formation was observed, indicating the success of the dental implant treatment. Conclusion: there are several effective techniques for correcting inadequate bone conditions before placing dental implants.

Barrier membranes for periodontal guided bone regeneration: a potential therapeutic strategy

Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases with the highest incidence world-wide. In particular, the treatment of periodontal bone defects caused by periodontitis has attracted extensive attention. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been recognized as advanced treatment techniques for periodontal bone defects. GBR technique relies on the application of barrier membranes to protect the bone defects. The commonly used GBR membranes are resorbable and non-resorbable. Resorbable GBR membranes are divided into natural polymer resorbable membranes and synthetic polymer resorbable membranes. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. The current research focuses on exploring and improving its preparation and application. This review summarizes the recent literature on the application of GBR membranes to promote the regeneration of periodontal bone defects, elaborates on GBR development strategies, specific applications, and the progress of inducing periodontal bone regeneration to provide a theoretical basis and ideas for the future application of GBR membranes to promote the repair of periodontal bone defects.

Vertical Bone Augmentation Using Two Bioactive Glasses in a Rabbit Tibia Model: A Comparative Study with Literature Review

Background: Recently, synthetic materials based on bioactive glasses have been in special demand in dental implantology, which, according to the mechanism of their action, are not only osteo-conductors, but also osteo-inductors. Of even greater interest is the fact that the biological degradation of these materials causes alkalization of the area and inhibits the growth of many pathogens. Considering the unique properties of this group of osteoplastic fillers and the problems associated with healing after guided bone regeneration, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of using bioactive glasses S53P4 and 45S5 when performing vertical bone augmentation in an experiment applying a rabbit tibia model. Methods and Results: Six adult outbred rabbits aged from 1.5 to 2 years and weighing from 2.5 kg to 3.2 kg were used in the study. A titanium mesh was used to perform a true vertical guided bone regeneration technique. In each animal, two titanium tents were placed: one on the left tibia and one on the right tibia. On the left limb, empty spaces were filled with bioactive synthetic bone filler NovaBone® Morsels (USA); on the right limb, we used a mixture of bioactive glass Bonalive® granules CMF (Finland) and mineralized bone MedPark Bone-D XB (Bovine Xenograft, South Korea) in a ratio of 1:1. The quantity and quality of regenerated tissues were assessed after 8-10 weeks. The NovaBone application has allowed a gain of 2.6±2.67 mm in extra-skeletal hard tissue growth. No signs of guided bone regeneration were observed in all cases of application of an osteoplastic mixture of Bonalive and Bone-D XB granules. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it was found that the use of a mixture of bioactive glass Bonalive (S53P4) with bovine hydroxyapatite in a 1:1 ratio was not effective in vertically guided bone regeneration, but the application of NovaBone (45S5) could promote a new bone formation.

Guided Bone Regeneration with BoneHealTM Membrane after Explantation of Fractured Implant: Case Report

Implantoprosthetic rehabilitation has become the main method to reestablish totally or partially edentulous patients, with a high success rate. However, some complications can cause implant loss. The main one is periimplantitis, with bone loss around the osseointegrated implant. However, implant fractures or incorrect implant position may compromise implant rehabilitation and require implant removal. Several techniques can be used for implant explantation, and the dental surgeon should opt for the easiest and most conservative technique, ensuring the greatest preservation of remaining bone tissue and aiming at the future reinstallation of another osseointegrated implant. Sometimes, associated Guided Bone Regeneration techniques may be necessary in conjunction with future implant installation, using various procedures or biomaterials. The purpose of this article is to present the case of a patient who underwent explantation of a fractured implant. A polypropylene membrane (BoneHealTM) was used and an implant was reinstalled 8 months after explantation.

Bone grafting techniques and materials for implant dentistry.

Bone quality, volume, height and width all play a pivotal role in dental implant stability, success and survival. A lack of adequate bone can be overcome with various bone grafting procedures. Dependent on many factors, including the amount of bone required, the site of implant placement, patient preferences and clinician factors; the type of bone grafting material and procedure undertaken can vary. Supplemental bone can be sourced from a variety of sources, including autogenous, allogenous and xenograft bone. Dependent on the source of the bone, it will have different properties in aiding bone formation, as well as being presented in different formulations, such as bone particles or bone blocks.The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of bone grafting indications, materials and types of bone grafting techniques that can be utilised to aid dental implant provision. It also discusses the properties needed to ensure optimal success of guided bone regeneration techniques.

Preservation of Peri-Implant Mucosa by the Use of Polypropylene Membrane After Dental Extraction: A Case Report

After dental extraction, bone resorption of the alveolar walls and invagination of the gingival tissue are expected. Bone resorption is usually greater in thickness than in height. In addition, the loss of gingival tissue can favour peri-implant mucosal defects, causing a risk to the integrity of this natural mechanical barrier, which is the peri-implant gingival tissue. Guided Tissue Regeneration and Guided Bone Regeneration techniques and procedures can be applied, although the success rate is variable and sometimes difficult to achieve. The use of polypropylene membrane has been widely used after dental extraction to maintain blood clot. This in turn is a natural endogenous precursor, consisting of pluripotent cells necessary for bone neoformation. The purpose of this article is to present the case of maintaining the peri implant keratinised gingiva strip - as a mechanical barrier to protect the implant neck - after tooth extraction and osseointegrated implant installation.

Guided bone regeneration in reconstruction of the jaw and role tissue engineering in dental membrane, a review of literature

Tooth loss can significantly impact the quality of human life, affecting overall well-being, appearance, and nutrition. In advanced dentistry, implant therapy has become a popular option for restoring edentulous regions. Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is a bone grafting technique that utilizes a protective barrier membrane to prevent soft tissue penetration. This study aims to review various GBR methods, focusing on topics such as bone resorption in the edentulous jaw, different types of GBR techniques, indications for GBR, and limitations associated with this approach.

Comparative evidence of different surgical techniques for the management of vertical alveolar ridge defects in terms of complications and efficacy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

To systematically appraise the available evidence on vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) techniques and estimate a treatment-based ranking on the incidence of complications as well as their clinical effectiveness. Searches were conducted in six databases to identify randomized clinical trials comparing VRA techniques up to November 2022. The incidence of complications (primary) and of early, major, surgical and intra-operative complications, vertical bone gain (VBG), marginal bone loss, need for additional grafting, implant success/survival, and patient-reported outcome measures (secondary) were chosen as outcomes. Direct and indirect effects and treatment ranking were estimated using Bayesian pair-wise and network meta-analysis (NMA) models. Thirty-two trials (761 participants and 943 defects) were included. Five NMA models involving nine treatment groups were created: onlay, inlay, dense-polytetrafluoroethylene, expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene, titanium, resorbable membranes, distraction osteogenesis, tissue expansion and short implants. Compared with short implants, statistically significant higher odds ratios of healing complications were confirmed for all groups except those with resorbable membranes (odds ratio 5.4, 95% credible interval 0.92-29.14). The latter group, however, ranked last in clinical VBG. VRA techniques achieving greater VBG are also associated with higher incidence of healing complications. Guided bone regeneration techniques using non-resorbable membranes yield the most favourable results in relation to VBG and complications.

The Effect of Different Types of Collagen Membranes on Peri-Implant Dehiscence Defects.

This experimental study aimed to compare the bone-implant contact (BIC) following guided bone regeneration with 3 bioabsorbable collagen membranes on peri-implant dehiscence defects. Forty-eight standard dehiscence defects were created in the sheep iliac bone crest, and dental implants were placed into the defects. With the guided bone regeneration technique, the autogenous graft was placed into the defect and covered with different types of membranes: Geistlich Bio-Gide, Ossix Plus, and Symbios Prehydrated were covered. One group was left without a membrane as the control group (C) by applying only an autogenous graft. After recovery periods of 3 and 6 weeks, the experimental animals were sacrificed. Histologic sections were prepared by a nondecalcified method, and BIC was examined. There was no statistically important difference between groups in the third week ( P >0.05). A statistically significant difference between groups was found in the sixth week ( P <0.01). Bone-implant contact values of the C group were significantly lower than those of the Geistlich Bio-Gide and Ossix Plus groups ( P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between control and Symbios Prehydrated groups ( P >0.05). In all sections, osseointegration was observed, with no signs of inflammation, necrosis, or foreign body reaction. In our study, it has been concluded that the resorbable collagen membranes used in treating peri-implant dehiscence defects might affect the BIC, and the success varies according to the type of membrane used.

Guided Bone Regeneration Effects on Bone Quantity and Outcomes of Dental Implants in Patients With Insufficient Bone Support: A Single-Center Observational Study.

Background Guided bone regeneration (GBR)is used to influence on stabilization of dental implants in patients with insufficient bone quantity and anatomical problems.But many studies using GBR resulted in divergent results according to the efficiency of new bone quantity formation and implant survival. This research aimed to study the effects of GBR on the increase of bone quantity and short-term stabilization of dental implants in patients with insufficient bone support. Methodology The study included 26 patientsthat underwent the procedure for 40 dental implants from September 2020 to September 2021. In each case, the vertical bone support was intraoperatively measured, through the MEDIDENT Italia paradontal millimetric probe (Medident Italia, Carpi, Italy). The vertical bone defect was considered when the mean vertical depth between the abutment junction and the marginal bone wasgreater than 1mm up to 8mm. In the group with the presence of the vertical bone defect, GBR technique was used duringthe procedure of dental implantsrealized with synthetic bone graft, resorbable membrane, and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and the group was considered the study (GBR) group. The group of patients with no vertical bone defects(less than 1mm) and no need for any GBR technique usewas considered the control (no-GBR) group. The bone support was evaluated again intraoperatively after six months in both groups when the healing abutmentswere positioned. The vertical bone defect for each group in baseline and after six months is presented as mean±SD and compared using a t-test. A t-test for Equality of Means was used to calculate the mean depth difference (MDD) between baseline and six months values in each group (GBR and no-GBR) and also between both groups. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results Overall 40 dental implants were placed, 20 of them were included in the GBR group and 20 in the no-GBR group. In the GBR group, a statistically significant greater mean vertical bone defect in baseline (day 1), compared to the no-GBR group was found (-4.46±2.76 vs -0.27±0.22; MDD = -4.19 [-5.44 to -2.94] p<0.001). At six months of follow-up in the GBR group, a new bone around the implant was formed, presenting a significantly lower bone defect compared to the baseline measure (-0.39±0.43 vs -4.46±2.76; MDD = -4.07 mm [-5.37 to -2.78]p<0.001). In six months, no statistically significant difference between GBR and no-GBR group in bone support was found (-0.39±0.43 vs -0.27±0.22; MDD = -0.19 [-0.40 to -0.03] p=0.10). In each group, only one implant failure was observed. Conclusions The use of GBR showed an important reduction of vertical depth defect between healing abutment and marginal bone predisposing similarshort-term stability and survival of dental implants. The use of GBR techniques could be essential in the stabilization of dental implants in patients with insufficient bone support.

Effect of Dehydrothermal Treatment on the Structure and Properties of a Collagen-Based Heterogeneous Bilayer Membrane

The use of the guided bone regeneration technique in oral surgery has been proven to be an effective method for repairing alveolar bone defects. However, the success of this technique heavily relies on the barrier membrane used. Collagen is the most frequently used raw material to fabricate a resorbable barrier membrane, which has some drawbacks during clinical application, such as poor mechanical properties and rapid biodegradation. To address these issues, a new approach was developed for the preparation of collagen-based heterogeneous bilayer membranes, which involves a combination of physical treatment and biocompatible chemical cross-linking. The dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose was used to cross-link collagen to fabricate the membrane, and dehydrothermal (DHT) treatment was applied to enhance its properties. The results showed that DHT treatment apparently improved the structure stability and compression strength in both dry and swollen states. The biodegradation rate of the bilayer membrane was depressed, and the porosity was improved by dehydrogenation. The bilayer membrane was found to have good cytocompatibility. Moreover, the compact lower layer of the bilayer membrane possessed a strong barrier function to fibroblasts while the loose upper layer was able to enhance the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. Overall, the collagen-based heterogeneous bilayer membrane has great potential for the application in guided bone regeneration. For the membrane, the improved mechanical properties, reduced biodegradation rate, and enhanced osteoblast response make it a promising material for oral surgery applications.

Surgical wound healing quantitative assessment method: the case of dental implant placement using a modified guided bone regeneration technique. Part II

Relevance. The guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique during dental implant treatment, if alveolar bone/part of the jaws is lost, stands out for its effective potential, the main factor of which is the possibility of the necessary bone volume restoration having morphofunctional signs of organotypicity. The prognosis effectiveness of such reconstruction outcome directly depends on the wound process characteristics. The variability of the latter, subject to an unbiased quantitative assessment, can be essential for predictive analysis and prognosis.Aim. The study aimed to develop a technique for quantitative assessment of surgical wound healing (exemplified with an extracted tooth socket), described in the first part of the publication.Materials and methods. The clinical study involved 20 patients of both sexes diagnosed with the condition after dental implantation and reconstruction of the alveolar bone volume using the GBR technique modified by the formation of a situational vicryl framework (SVF). We determined the following parameters: independent and dependent variables, with their indirect mutually dependent influence on a favourable, compromised or unfavourable treatment outcome, based on the wound healing process follow-up and assessment of immediate results in the early, middle and late postoperative period − up to 1 month, and the analysis of delayed – from 1 month to 1 year, and long-term – over one year. These variables are characterized as quantitative indicators – biomarkers, processed by the correlation and regression analysis using the Gretl statistical package.Results. The study revealed a direct correlation regarding all parameters as independent (factor) and dependent (effect) variables necessary for quantifying the wound healing process variability. The created linear regression model confirmed the empirically observed and theoretically substantiated idea of the reciprocal influence of normal and pathological variations of wound healing process on an outcome of dental implantation in the reconstruction of the alveolar bone defect. The correlation and regression analysis for an unbiased quantitative assessment of surgical wound healing demonstrated the statistically explicable behaviour of dependent variables at a 95% le vel.Conclusion. The correlation and regression analysis performed using the presented data indicates a direct correlation between the parameters of a favourable, compromised and unfavourable outcome of dental implantation during the reconstruction of the alveolar bone volume using the GBR technique modified by the formation of SVF and variables expressed by biomarkers, such as the initial complexity of clinical conditions, duration of surgery, mechanical load of the wound, bio-reactive properties of the additional materials required in the w ound.

Vertical augmentation of the atrofic posterior mandibular ridges with onlay grafts: Intraoral blocks vs. guided bone regeneration. Systematic review.

The high resorption rate of intra-oral Onlay block grafts, coupled with morbidity and limited bone availability, means that the use of guided bone regeneration (GBR) may be preferable for vertical augmentation of mandibular atrophic posterior sectors. Aims: To evaluate the bone gain and surface resorption of the intraoral Onlay block graft compared to the GBR; as well as to study postoperative complications, survival and success rates of dental implant, and peri-implant marginal bone loss. An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web Of Science databases on bone augmentation with intraoral autologous onlay block graft or GBR until December 2021. Of 214 potentially eligible papers, 11 complied with the inclusion criteria: 5 studies on block graft technique, 5 on GBR technique and 1 was a comparison of both treatment groups. In the block graft group, the mean vertical bone gain was 4.05mm with a mean resorption of 0.84mm (17.70%); the complication rate was 20%; the survival and success rates were 100% and 92.23% respectively and the mean peri-implant bone loss was 0.22mm at 12 months. For the GBR group, the mean bone gain was 4.7mm with a mean resorption of 0.33mm (15.08%); the complication rate was 11.6%; the survival rate was 100% and the mean peri-implant bone loss was 0.95mm at 12 months. Despite the limitations, the GBR technique seems to achieve greater bone gain with less superficial resorption as well as fewer complications, but it presents a greater peri-implant loss at 12 months. Key words:Onlay block graft, Guided Bone Regeneration, intraoral bone, augmentation procedure.

A Biomechanical Analysis of the Influence of the Morfology of the Bone Blocks Grafts on the Transfer of Tension or Load to the Soft Tissue by Means of the Finite Elements Method.

Edentulism produces resorption of alveolar bone processes, which can complicate placement of dental implants. Guided bone regeneration techniques aim to recover the volume of bone. These treatments are susceptible to the surgical technique employed, the design of the autologous block or the tension of the suture. These factors can relate to major complications as the lack of primary closure and dehiscence. The present study, using finite element analysis, aimed to determine differences in terms of displacement of the oral mucosa, transferred stress according to Von Mises and deformation of soft tissue when two block graft designs (right-angled and rounded) and two levels of suture tension (0.05 and 0.2 N) were combined. The results showed that all the variables analyzed were greater with 0.2 N. Regarding the design of the block, no difference was found in the transferred stress and deformation of the soft tissue. However, displacement was related to a tendency to dehiscence (25% greater in the right-angled/chamfer design). In conclusion different biomechanical behavior was observed in the block graft depending on the design and suture tension, so it is recommended to use low suture tension and rounded design. A novel finite element analysis model is presented for future investigations.

Comparison of Allogeneic Bone Plate and Guided Bone Regeneration Efficiency in Horizontally Deficient Maxillary Alveolar Ridges

(1) Background: Bone Lamina Technique and Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) are commonly used for horizontally-deficient maxillary ridge reconstruction, although more detailed evaluation to assess the differences between such techniques is necessitated. (2) Methods: In this retrospective study, patients having a horizontal bone width of ≤4 mm in the maxilla, who were treated with Cortical Strut (CS), were collected to represent the “test group”, and those treated with GBR with no CS involvement represented the “control group”. A 1:1 mixture of autogenous bone (AB) and anorganic bovine bone (ABB) with resorbable collagen membrane was applied to both groups. Volumetric changes between groups were measured with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The primary outcome represented volumetric graft resorption rate whilst the secondary outcomes represented any probable complications and implant insertion torque. (3) Results: A total of 36 patients were included in this study (36 grafted sites; 18 for CS group and 18 for GBR group). Mean bone graft volume reduction in the CS and GBR groups was 8.26 ± 1.60% and 14.36 ± 3.55%, respectively. The GBR group showed significantly more bone resorption than the CS group (p &lt; 0.001). Complications and insertion torque were similar between the groups (p &gt; 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Both CS and GBR techniques for hard-tissue augmentation provided sufficient bone graft mass volume for implant insertion, whereas CS demonstrated lower resorption rate at maxillary augmented sites, compared to GBR.

Review of the Long-Term Outcomes of Guided Bone Regeneration and Autologous Bone Block Augmentation for Vertical Dental Restoration of Dental Implants.

Vertical bone resorption is a frequent consequence of tooth loss. Hence, implant-supported restorations imply, first of all, bone reconstruction. We aimed to review the current status of guided bone regeneration and autologous bone block augmentation for vertical dental restoration of dental implants. This review identified that between 2009 and 2022 there were few clinical studies that included more than 10 patients and a follow-up period of more than 5 years after bone restoration. The highest vertical bone gain was reported in the autologous bone grafting technique (4-7.6 mm), whereas the minimum augmentation was reported for one of the guided bone regeneration techniques. When comparing intraoral to extraoral bone blocks, the highest values for the mean vertical bone gains were obtained in the cases in which intraoral bone blocks were used as graft material. The highest rate of bone resorption was observed in the extraoral bone block group. Implant survival rate was not significantly influenced by surgical technique. Complications had a higher incidence in autologous bone block augmentation studies. Soft tissue recession showed similar results for guided bone regeneration as for autologous bone block augmentation. Vertical ridge augmentation is a predictable option for the reconstruction of alveolar ridges with severe atrophy, but complications can appear.

Advances in Barrier Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration Techniques.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a widely used technique for alveolar bone augmentation. Among all the principal elements, barrier membrane is recognized as the key to the success of GBR. Ideal barrier membrane should have satisfactory biological and mechanical properties. According to their composition, barrier membranes can be divided into polymer membranes and non-polymer membranes. Polymer barrier membranes have become a research hotspot not only because they can control the physical and chemical characteristics of the membranes by regulating the synthesis conditions but also because their prices are relatively low. Still now the bone augment effect of barrier membrane used in clinical practice is more dependent on the body’s own growth potential and the osteogenic effect is difficult to predict. Therefore, scholars have carried out many researches to explore new barrier membranes in order to improve the success rate of bone enhancement. The aim of this study is to collect and compare recent studies on optimizing barrier membranes. The characteristics and research progress of different types of barrier membranes were also discussed in detail.

Guided Bone Regeneration for The Treatment of Different Types of Bony Defects: A Literature Review

&lt;p&gt;Horizontal and vertical bone resorption after tooth extraction can adversely affect the success of a dental implant. Therefore, several ridge augmentation techniques, such as guided bone regeneration (GBR), bone block grafting, and ridge expansion, have been developed to provide sufficient bone volume around the implant and improve its stability and position. GBR is the most widely used technique for bone augmentation. However, because of the numerous surgical procedures and materials available, it is difficult to choose the most appropriate treatment. Efficient and effective surgical procedures and materials with low complication rates have been recommended for different types of bony defects, such as intra-alveolar, dehiscence, fenestration, horizontal, and vertical bony defects. This review summarizes the results of studies on various GBR techniques published in the English literature and discusses the most appropriate and predictable GBR techniques that can be used for the different types of bony defects.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;