Guidance System Research Articles

Literature review of research progress on car following model

In the past several decades, the car-following model has attracted many experts and scholars from the fields of traffic engineering, computational physics, psychology and so on, these experts and scholars have carried on the thorough research and the exploration to it, causes the model analysis essential factor from simple to rich, from simple to complex. With the continuous improvement of the model, the improved car-following model is more and more in line with the actual traffic conditions. With the development of traffic technology, driver’s car-following behavior will change greatly, which is realized by developing and establishing ITS, driver information guidance system and vehicle automatic intelligent cruise system. Therefore, a lot of car-following models for specific problems have emerged, which is of great practical significance to the further study of car-following theory. In this paper, the research background and significance of car-following model are deeply discussed, the current research status and conclusions are comprehensively analyzed, and the future research direction in this field is prospected.

Post Marriage Guidance System in The Berkah Program and Implications for Reducing Divorce Rates in KUA Banyuwangi District

The recapitulation of divorce figures in the Banyuwangi District over the past few years shows a significant trend, with a rather high number of cases. In an effort to reduce these divorce rates, the government has initiated the "Blessing Program". However, this research found that the program has not yet achieved overall effectiveness. The concept of the Blessing Program is considered in line with the legal framework, although there are some challenges in coordinating with local communities and determining marriages under the age of 10. On the other hand, program participants show enthusiasm and a good understanding of the program's objectives. The overall implementation of the Blessing Program aligns with the theory and guidelines set forth by the Director General of Islamic Affairs, although there are difficulties in coordinating with local communities and in selecting the location and criteria for participants. The impact of the Blessing Program includes a significant decrease in divorce rates, as well as the promotion of collaboration between the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) and local communities, and the clarification of the rights and obligations of program participants.

Post-Marriage Guidance System in the Berkah Program and Implications for Reducing Divorce Rates in Kua, Banyuwangi District

The recapitulation of the divorce rate in Banyuwangi District in recent years shows a significant trend, with the number of cases being quite high. In an effort to reduce the divorce rate, the government has initiated the Blessing Program. However, this research found that the program had not achieved overall effectiveness. The concept of the Berkah program is considered to be in accordance with the legal structure, although there are several obstacles in coordinating with sub-districts and determining the marriage age below 10 years. On the other hand, program participants showed enthusiasm and good understanding of the program objectives. The implementation of the Berkah program is generally in line with the theory and guidelines of the Director General of BIMAS Islam, although there are difficulties in coordinating with sub-districts and in selecting places and participant criteria. The impact of the Berkah program includes a significant reduction in the divorce rate, as well as promoting cooperation between the KUA and sub-districts and clarifying the rights and obligations of program participants.

NanoDet Model with Adaptively Weighted Loss for Real-time Railroad Inspection

Monitoring the railroad’s components is crucial to maintaining the safety of railway operations. This article proposes a novel, compact computational vision system that works on edge devices, designed to provide precise, instantaneous assessments of rail tracks. This model reconfigures the teacher-student guidance system inherent in NanoDet by incorporating an innovative adaptively weighted loss (AWL) in the learning phase. The AWL assesses the caliber of the teacher and student models, establishes the weightage of the student's loss, and dynamically adjusts their loss contributions, directing the learning procedure towards effective knowledge transfer and direction. In comparison with cutting-edge models, our AWL-NanoDet boasts a minuscule model size of less than 2 MB and a computational expense of 1.52 G FLOPs, delivering a processing time of less than 14 ms per frame (evaluated on Nvidia’s AGX Orin). Compared to the original NanoDet, it also significantly enhances the model's accuracy by nearly 6.2%, facilitating extremely precise, instantaneous recognition of rail track elements.

Three-dimensional trajectory tracking guidance against near-space maneuvering targets with multiple constraints under wind field

This paper presents a three-dimensional disturbance observer-based adaptive tracking guidance scheme for the trajectory tracking problem of a missile intercepting a hypersonic vehicle with the wind field, autopilot lag dynamics, and input saturation. Unlike most of the existing missile trajectory tracking guidance systems without velocity controllability and external wind field model, the wind field model is added to the dynamic model, and the velocity control channel is introduced into the three-dimensional trajectory tracking guidance problem to prevent impractical scenarios and increase tracking precision. The proposed tracking guidance methodology incorporates the sliding mode and adaptive control techniques, in which the sliding mode motion is finite time stable independently of the tracking guidance system's initial conditions. Also, the super twisting switch control law is added to cope with the chattering problem. In this context, external uncertainty disturbances and unmeasured states are lumped into lump disturbance and estimated using the backpropagation neural network extended state observer. To this end, numerical simulations demonstrate the tracking to reach zero between 3 s and 5 s against various uncertainties in engineering practical, and position tracking errors are within 0.15 m, superior to the existing tracking guidance methods.

The Implementation Science of Financial Intelligence in Evidence-Based Medicine Using Select Criteria Mechanism as Treatment Process towards Healthcare Corporate Governance

Purpose: Implementation science is the broader aspect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) translating healthcare education to clinical research and practice for public health and patient safety encompassing the hierarchy of evidence-based medicine (EBM), hence, serving as an integrative method of combing CSR towards healthcare corporate governance. This paper aims to model EBM under principles of valid contract formation as compliance to CSR theories of promoting positive health outcomes of patient safety leading to financial success and lessening the risks of mortality cases.
 Methodology: The elements of valid contract formation and sources of errors are the systematic plan for behavioral guidance of EBM practice. These determinants are crucial in refining the clinical judgment of medical experts together with other healthcare professionals in support with high-ranking databases of research publication, resulting to a greater impact of positive health outcomes of patient safety under “judicious” application of CSR. These principles of contract law are integrated for “measuring” the EBM’s financial success towards healthcare corporate governance.
 Findings: EBM is a scientific approach to handle medical cases and reports towards patient safety under clinical judgment of medical expert and healthcare team in corroboration with reliable sources of databases for medical research and review for reducing death rates in healthcare setting. SELECT Criteria Mechanism elucidated EBM as implementation science integrating CSR for behavioral compliance to healthcare corporate governance. First, the modeling of CSR as method to comply with EBM delineates the elements formed for valid contract formation in producing an “ethical” standard as responsibility for optimal patient safety as bargained promise under acceptance of the clinical team. Second, the illustration of the healthcare corporate governance in EBM practice as theory “measures” the reduction of healthcare expenditures from the exhibited means of diminishing mortality cases. Therefore, implementation science serves as an initiation for remediation process of reducing risks of death cases. 
 Recommendation: Implementation science is very important in EBM practice in treating ways of lessening the probability of mortality cases under “ethical” or “judicious” patient safety guidelines as corporate social responsibility. Hence, it is recommended to develop systems for behavioral guidance in a more organized plan of targeting death reduction cases towards financial intelligence as fulfillment in implementation science.

Data-driven operator functional state classification in smart manufacturing

AbstractOne of the main challenges in the industry is having trained and efficient operators in manufacturing lines. Smart adaptive guidance systems are developed that offer assistance to the operator during assembly. Depending on the operator’s level of execution, the system should be able to serve a different guidance response. This paper investigates the assessment and classification of the operator’s functional state using observed task execution times. Five different classifiers are studied for operator functional state classification on task execution time series. The experiments are based on an industry case and the ground truth is provided by an expert rule-based system. Three classification scenarios are defined that segment the problem on the level of the task, the individual, or the team. Furthermore, the investigation includes the evaluation of four distinct window-size configurations. The examination of how these scenarios and window-sizes influence the studied dataset across diverse classifiers reveals that achieving enhanced accuracy necessitates a larger input dimension. In this context, Convolutional Neural Networks predominantly exhibit superior performance compared to alternative classifiers. Careful attention needs to be paid to performance over classes and skills, but results confirm the validity of the approach for data-driven operator functional state classification.

Smartphone Augmented Reality Outperforms Conventional CT Guidance for Composite Ablation Margins in Phantom Models

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a smartphone augmented reality (AR) system for a large 50-mm liver tumor ablation with treatment planning for composite overlapping ablation zones. Materials and MethodsA smartphone AR application was developed to display tumor, probe, projected probe paths, ablated zones, and real-time percentage of the ablated target tumor volume. Fiducial markers were attached to phantoms and an ablation probe hub for tracking. The system was evaluated with tissue-mimicking thermochromic phantoms and gel phantoms. Four interventional radiologists performed 2 trials each of 3 probe insertions per trial using AR guidance versus computed tomography (CT) guidance approaches in 2 gel phantoms. Insertion points and optimal probe paths were predetermined. On Gel Phantom 2, serial ablated zones were saved and continuously displayed after each probe placement/adjustment, enabling feedback and iterative planning. The percentages of tumor ablated for AR guidance versus CT guidance, and with versus without display of recorded ablated zones, were compared among interventional radiologists with pairwise t-tests. ResultsThe means of percentages of tumor ablated for CT freehand and AR guidance were 36% ± 7 and 47% ± 4 (P = .004), respectively. The mean composite percentages of tumor ablated for AR guidance were 43% ± 1 (without) and 50% ± 2 (with display of ablation zone) (P = .033). There was no strong correlation between AR-guided percentage of ablation and years of experience (r < 0.5), whereas there was a strong correlation between CT-guided percentage of ablation and years of experience (r > 0.9). ConclusionsA smartphone AR guidance system for dynamic iterative large liver tumor ablation was accurate, performed better than conventional CT guidance, especially for less experienced interventional radiologists, and enhanced more standardized performance across experience levels for ablation of a 50-mm tumor.

Proactive Coordination of Traffic Guidance and Signal Control for a Divergent Network

In the realm of transportation system optimization, enhancing overall performance through the proactive coordination of traffic guidance and signal control in a divergent network can tackle the challenges posed by traffic congestion and inefficiency. Thus, we propose an innovative approach to first allow the information on variable message signs (VMS) that deviates from estimated travel times. This proactive approach guides drivers towards optimal routes from a system-wide perspective, such as minimizing vehicle hours traveled. The deviation is constrained both by the lower bound of drivers’ long-term compliance rate and the upper bound of the favored traffic signal operation. The proposed approach coordinates the traffic guidance system with the signal control system. The traffic signal control system sets the upper limit for information deviation in the traffic guidance system, while the traffic guidance system provides demand predictions for the traffic signal control system. Overall, the objective function of the approach is the network-level performance of all users. We gauge traveler satisfaction as a measure of system credibility, using both a route choice module and a satisfaction degree module established through stated preference surveys. Numerical results demonstrate that proactive-coordinated (PC) strategies outperform reactive-coordinated (RC), proactive-independent (PI), and reactive-independent (RI) strategies by improving the system performance, meanwhile keeping the system trustworthy. Under the normal traffic scenario, the PC strategy reduces total travel time by approximately 10%. Driver satisfaction with the PC strategy increases from a baseline of 76% to 95%. Moreover, in scenarios with sudden changes in either traffic demand or supply, e.g., accidents or large events, the proactive guidance strategy is more flexible and can potentially improve more from the system perspective.

Computational analysis and optimization of daylight collector geometry for removal of hotspots in circular mirror light pipe

The illuminance patterns formed on the various surfaces of a tubular daylight guidance system (TDGS) were numerically measured and calculated for the beam sunlight input. For this study, the TDGS comprises a revolved parabolic profiled daylight collector geometry and a vertical MLP system for daylight guidance. TDGS is basically a non-imaging optical system that is designed to efficiently transmit available sunlight across the MLP (mirror light pipe) length. But while doing so the problematic hotspots are observed mainly on the diffuser placed at the exit aperture of cylindrical MLP which further results in non-uniform illumination in the daylit room. In this work, the use of a prismatic casing arranged sideways to the parabolic profiled collector and a sloped diffuser as a top cover shows a significant reduction in the hotspot problem on the exit aperture of MLP without compromising light transmission in TDGS. The ‘non-uniformity’ index value, Ir signifying the ratio of maximum illuminance to average illuminance on the diffuser surface dropped considerably for the proposed design signifying an increase in uniformity on the exit aperture of MLP. For 1 m long MLP (aspect ratio = 2.5), the maximum value of Ir was ∼ 19 and ∼ 37 for TDGS with dome collector and TDGS with parabolic collector having plane cover (TSA) respectively on midday timings of 21st June while for the proposed design the value was Ir < 5. For 2 m long MLP (aspect ratio = 5), the value was Ir < 4 much lower in comparison to Ir of ∼ 20 and ∼ 36 for TS with dome collector and TSA respectively. A considerable decrease in the severity of hotspots was realized from the results. The proposed collector design was also tested for the illuminance values on the work plane of the simulated room under beam sunlight, diffuse skylight, and overcast sky conditions. No compromise in the average illuminance values was observed when compared to the parabolic collector with transparent casing. Moreover, the proposed design gave enhanced values of illuminance under low altitude beam sunlight as well as under diffuse skylight for various timings of the day. Performance under the overcast sky was found slightly lesser in comparison to conventional collector designs though nominal levels of illuminance were observed for all the configurations of collectors due to the very less magnitude of light availability.

US-guided EM tracked system for HDR brachytherapy: A first in-men randomized study for whole prostate treatment

PURPOSEAn electromagnetic tracking device (EMT) has been integrated in an HDR 3D ultrasound guidance system for prostate HDR. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of HDR workflows with and without EM tracking. METHODS AND MATERIALSA total of 58 patients with a 15 Gy HDR prostate boost were randomized in two arms and two operation room (OR) procedures using: (1) the EMT investigational device, and (2) the Oncentra prostate system (OCP). OR times were compared for both techniques. RESULTSThe overall procedure median time was about 20% shorter for EMT (63 min) compared to OCP (79 min). The US acquisition and contouring was longer for OCP compared to EMT (23 min vs. 16 min). The catheter reconstruction's median times were 23 min and 13 min for OCP and EMT respectively. For the automatic reconstruction with EMT, 62% of cases required no or few manual corrections. Using the EM technology in an OR environment was challenging. In some cases, interferences or the stiffness of the stylet introduced errors in the reconstruction of catheters. The last step was the dosimetry with median times of 11 min (OCP) and 15.5 min (EMT). Finally, it was observed that there was no learning curve associated with the introduction of this new technology. CONCLUSIONSThe EMT device offers an efficient solution for automatic catheter reconstruction for HDR prostate while reducing the possibility of mis-reconstructed catheters caused by issues of visualization in the US images. Because of that, the overall OR times was shorter when using the EMT system.

Retracted: Design of Interactive Vocal Guidance and Artistic Psychological Intervention System Based on Emotion Recognition.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/1079097.].

Mapping the digitalisation of child adoption in India: Challenges and future possibilities

Among several other countries, India has launched numerous digital initiative programmes aimed at integrating and upgrading various socioeconomic, political and health and social care arenas. One such area is child adoption, where a move away from the analogue system and towards digitalisation began in 2015. The Indian Ministry of Women &amp; Child Development introduced the Child Adoption Resource Information and Guidance System (CARINGS), a digital adoption formalisation platform, under the Central Adoption Resource Authority, a nodal body that monitors and regulates both in-country and intercountry adoptions. This government initiative centralised adoption data from all over India, including the number of children declared free for adoption and the number of prospective parents registered and seeking to adopt. Against this context, this study aims to map the development of adoption in India through digital systems and the influence of digitilisation on those involved in the pre- and post-adoption phases. Drawing on both Western and Indian literature, as well as observations from an ongoing qualitative study on adoption digitalisation in India, this study discusses the benefits and limitations of digital systems for the people connected to them. The findings provide a comprehensive view of the interaction of technology and society and how this operates in the sociocultural context of adoption in India. Future implications for researchers and adoption social workers and consultants are discussed.

A new system for in-room image guidance in particle therapy at CNAO

This paper describes the design, installation, and commissioning of an in-room imaging device developed at the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO, Pavia, Italy). The system is an upgraded version of the one previously installed in 2014, and its design accounted for the experience gained in a decade of clinical practice of patient setup verification and correction through robotic-supported, off-isocenter in-room image guidance. The system's basic feature consists of image-based setup correction through 2D/3D and 3D/3D registration through a dedicated HW/SW platform. The major update with respect to the device already under clinical usage resides in the implementation of a functionality for extending the field of view of the reconstructed Cone Beam CT (CBCT) volume, along with improved overall safety and functional optimization. We report here details on the procedures implemented for system calibration under all imaging modalities and the results of the technical and preclinical commissioning of the device performed on two different phantoms. In the technical commissioning, specific attention was given to the assessment of the accuracy with which the six-degrees-of-freedom correction vector computed at the off-isocenter imaging position was propagated to the planned isocentric irradiation geometry. During the preclinical commissioning, the entire clinical-like procedure for detecting and correcting imposed, known setup deviation was tested on an anthropomorphic radioequivalent phantom. Results showed system performance within the sub-millimeter and sub-degree range according to project specifications under each imaging modality, making it ready for clinical application.

WMS: Wearables-Based Multisensor System for In-Home Fitness Guidance

Human activity recognition (HAR) is now a powerful in-home fitness assistive technology. This article presents a wearables-based multi-sensor system (WMS), which not only supports conventional functionalities such as motion evaluation based on multi-dimensional information about the users body (movement speed, angle, muscle states, etc.), but also provides advanced services, including assessing training fatigue and providing real-time, elastic, and professional training advice. The proposed WMS is experimentally validated by yielding 90.11% accuracy of motion evaluation with 36% and 23% improvement of fitness effect on bicep girth and muscular endurance, indicating its feasibility to prompt the development of HAR in the in-home fitness training domain.

Event-Triggered Adaptive Fuzzy Optimal Control for a Class of Strict-Feedback Nonlinear Systems With External Disturbances

In this paper, the problem of the event-triggered optimal control for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with external disturbances is investigated. Firstly, by introducing proper low-pass filters to the steps of backstepping design, the problem of “jump of the error surfaces” is avoided. What's more, it facilitates the design of a fuzzy hybrid-mode-triggered feedforward controller, which aims to transform the original controlled nonlinear strict-feedback system into an equivalent nonlinear system in affine form. Secondly, by utilizing the adaptive dynamic programming theory, an event-triggered feedback controller is developed for the equivalent affine nonlinear system. Differing from the existing methods, the real control input consists of two event-triggered terms, which can be updated synchronously under the proposed composite error-based triggering condition. Moreover, it is proven that all the closed-loop signals are bounded. At last, by taking a second-order nonlinear system and missile integrated guidance and control system as examples, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Crowd Evacuation With Multi-Modal Cooperative Guidance in Subway Stations: Computational Experiments and Optimization

Setting up guidance equipment and leaders is widely used as an effective measure to improve the operation and evacuation efficiency of subway stations for the safety of passengers. Cooperation among different kinds of guidance modals can benefit the passenger evacuation process and reduce the operating and management costs as well as the risk of injury to people in subway stations. This article proposes a framework of multimodal cooperative guidance (MMCG) systems for commanding the crowd evacuation in case of emergency, where three types of guidance modes are considered. The bi-level MMCG optimization models are constructed to determine the optimal quantities and initial locations of multimodal guidance. The MMCG schemes are designed by minimizing cost functions taking into account the constraints of the number of guidance, valid coverage, and guiding expectation. An extended social force (SF) model is proposed to study crowd evacuation dynamics with multimodal guidance. The computational experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed cooperative guidance schemes at the subway platform scenario. Three unimodal guidance schemes and a contrasted scheme without guidance are also proposed as comparison schemes. The results show that the crowd evacuation efficiency and the utilization ratio of exits are improved by taking into account the cooperation among different guidance modals.

Career Guidance System using Artificial Intelligence

Choosing a stream after 10th class is often very challenging for students. Students are not always aware of the various career fields available and might end up making the wrong choice because of lack of knowledge. It is very important to have knowledge about the career paths the student is interested in and how to achieve it. So it is necessary to enlighten students about various career options available and also it is very important to provide required guidance to a student who has a keen interest in becoming an engineer or astronaut but doesn’t know which exams to give, how and where to apply for the course. Building a decent career is every person’s dream. In order to make that dream come true, knowledge about getting there is extremely important. We have developed a website which gives information about the possible career options available after 10th class and our website also provides a career aptitude test for students who are confused about their career path and provides appropriate results by making the user answer a set of questions. Apart from this our website also provides famous professions like teacher, engineer, doctor, lawyer etc and provides detailed information like which exams to give, which degree you should have, exam pattern, syllabus etc to achieve a particular profession. Key Words: Random Forest, Career Guidance Website, Aptitude Test, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Career Roadmap

Clinical evaluation of a fluoroscopic image-based laser guidance system in bone tumor surgery: A technical note.

This study presents a laser guidance system developed to enhance surgical accuracy and reduce radiation exposure in orthopedic surgeries. The system can project the actual position corresponding to the appointed position selected by the surgeon on a fluoroscopic image using a line laser and has laser projection ability to mark the corresponding point using a line laser. The surgeon does not have to perform anatomical marker placement for calibration. Three patients with bone tumors underwent surgeries using the laser guidance system, and the projection accuracy was evaluated by measuring the distance error between the appointed and laser-marking positions. The installation time, including calibration, was also assessed for clinical usability. The average projection accuracy in bone tumor surgery was 2.86mm, and the average installation time was 7min. These results demonstrate that the laser guidance system, with a projection error of <3mm, could be useful in bone tumor surgeries.

GPU-Accelerated Integrated Missile Guidance and Control Systems based on ADMM

GPU-Accelerated Integrated Missile Guidance and Control Systems based on ADMM