Planning Guidance Research Articles

Radiotherapy Quality Assurance in the SCOPE2 Trial: What Lessons can be Learned for the Next UK Trial in Oesophageal Cancer?

The SCOPE2 trial evaluates radiotherapy (RT) dose escalation for oesophageal cancer. We report findings from the accompanying RT quality assurance (RTQA) programme and identify recommendations for PROTIEUS, the next UK trial in oesophageal RT. SCOPE2's RTQA programme consisted of a pre-accrual and on-trial component. RTQA pre-accrual requirements included acceptable submission of 3D±4D benchmark contouring exercise(s) and a high-dose planning case. On-trial requirements for contouring and planning included prospective reviews (PRs) of each centre's first 3D±4D patient and all high-dose cases prior to formal safety review. Further PRs were at the RTQA team's discretion. Timely retrospective reviews (TRRs) were also undertaken for a random 10%. Submissions were assessed against pre-defined criteria and RT planning guidance document (RPGD). This study includes initial submissions only; subsequent resubmissions are not included in this analysis. For contouring, 30/64 (47%) pre-accrual submissions were approved. 38/64 (59%) contained ≥1 target volume (TV) unacceptable variation from protocol (UV), most commonly in CTVB and ITV. Organ-at-risk (OAR) contour review was undertaken in 28/64 (44%); 6/28 (21%) contained ≥1 UV, most commonly in heart and spinal cord. 82/126 (65%) on-trial submissions were approved. 47/126 (37%) contained ≥1 TV UV, most commonly in CTVB, GTV and ITV. For OARs, 30/126 (24%) contained ≥1 UV, most commonly in heart and lungs. On-trial contour submissions were significantly more likely to be approved than pre-accrual (p = 0.016). For planning, 32/43 (79%) pre-accrual plans were approved, those unacceptable were due to PTV coverage/conformity. 118/120 (98%) on-trial plans were approved, the remaining unacceptable were due to PTV coverage/conformity. No UVs in OAR dose constraints were observed. All on-trial submissions were approved following resubmission where necessary. Despite an RPGD, contouring atlas, and similar contouring protocols from preceding trials, the SCOPE2 RTQA programme demonstrates a high frequency of UVs. Our findings inform recommendations for future oesophageal RT trials.

Mixed Reality (Holography)-Guided Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery—A Novel Comparative Feasibility Study

The operative field and exposure in minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) are limited. Meticulous preoperative planning and intraoperative visualization are crucial. We present our initial experience with HoloLens® 2 as an intraoperative guide during MICS procedures: aortic valve replacement (AVR) via right anterior small thoracotomy, coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) via left anterior small thoracotomy (LAST), and pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) via LAST. Three-dimensional (3D) segmentations were performed using the patient’s computer tomography (CT) data subsequently rendered into a 3D hologram on the HoloLens® 2. The holographic image was then superimposed on the patient lying on the operating table, using the xiphoid and the clavicle as landmarks, and was used as a real-time anatomical image guide for the surgery. The incision site marking made using HoloLens® 2 differed by one intercostal space from the marking made using a conventional surgeon’s mental reconstructed image from the patient’s preoperative imaging and was found to be a more appropriate site of entry into the chest for the structure of interest. The transparent visor of the HoloLens® 2 provided unobstructed views of the operating field. A mixed reality (MR) device could contribute to preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative real-time image guidance, which facilitates the understanding of anatomical relationships. MR has the potential to improve surgical precision, decrease risk, and enhance patient safety.

Mixed reality for preoperative planning and intraoperative assistance of surgical correction of complex congenital heart defects.

Mixed reality (MixR) is an innovative visualization tool that presents virtual elements in a real-world environment, enabling real-time interaction between the user and the combined digital/physical reality. We aimed to explore the feasibility of MixR in enhancing preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance for the correction of various complex congenital heart defects (CHDs). Patients underwent cardiac computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance and segmentation of digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images was performed. Three-dimensional models were then uploaded into a MixR headset (Microsoft HoloLens 2), displayed as holograms, and used for preoperative navigation of cardiac anatomy and intraoperative assistance of surgical steps. We adopted MixR in 5 different clinical scenarios: minimally-invasive partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair of 5 anomalous veins; intra-extracardiac Fontan completion in right atrial isomerism and dextrocardia; arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries with abnormal coronary pattern in situs inversus; complete unifocalization of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries; total artificial heart implantation for failing Fontan. Preoperative MixR allowed a comprehensive understanding of complex anatomical relationships and spatial mapping, using immersive 3D navigation. As a result, the surgeon was able to simulate the surgical approach and plan the best surgical strategy. Intraoperatively, MixR provided a real-time virtual map by overlaying holograms onto the patient's anatomy. MixR represents a promising tool for preoperative planning and 3D visualization in complex CHDs, however, its systematic adoption in the intraoperative setting requires further implementation of current hardware technology and software versatility.

Utility of 3D Reconstruction for Surgical Planning in the Treatment of Retroperitoneal Sarcomas

Abstract Introduction Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are rare tumors that present significant challenges due to their location and proximity to vital structures. Accurate surgical planning is essential to optimize outcomes, and 3D reconstruction has emerged as a valuable tool for preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. Methods We present our experience of 20 cases of RPS where 3D reconstruction was integrated into the surgical planning process. We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients who underwent surgery at our institution from 2021 to 2024. Preoperative CT or MRI scans were performed on all patients and used to generate 3D models of the tumors with specialized software. These 3D models facilitated the planning of surgical approaches, assessing resectability, and provided immersive visualization through virtual reality (VR) tools for enhanced surgical preparation. Results All 20 patients underwent curative-intent surgery using tailored surgical approaches based on 3D modeling insights. The models offered detailed visualization of the tumors and their relationships with adjacent structures, improving the precision of resection and margin assessment. Conclusion 3D reconstruction proved to be a useful tool in the surgical treatment of RPS, improving preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. It also provided benefits in medical education and enhanced patient understanding of their disease and treatment plan.

Multidimensional Visual Preferences and Sustainable Management of Heritage Canal Waterfront Landscape Based on Panoramic Image Interpretation

As an important type of linear cultural heritage and a waterfront landscape that integrates both artificial and natural elements, heritage canals provide the public with a multidimensional perceptual experience encompassing aesthetics, culture, and nature. There remains a lack of refined, micro-level studies on heritage canal landscapes from a multidimensional perspective of visual preference. This study focuses on a typical segment of the Grand Canal in China, specifically the ancient canal section in Yangzhou. We employed SegFormer image semantic segmentation techniques to interpret features from 150 panoramic images, quantitatively identifying the waterfront environmental characteristics of the heritage canal. Four perceptual dimensions were constructed: aesthetic preference, cultural preference, natural preference, and hydrophilic preference. Through a questionnaire survey and various statistical analyses, we revealed the relationships between visual preferences for the waterfront landscape of heritage canals and environmental characteristics. The main findings of the study include the following: (1) Aesthetic preference is positively correlated with cultural, natural, and hydrophilic preferences, while natural preference shows a negative correlation with cultural and hydrophilic preferences. (2) Aesthetic preference is influenced by a combination of blue-green natural elements and artificial factors. Natural preference is primarily affected by increased vegetation visibility, cultural preference is associated with a higher proportion of cultural facilities and high-quality pavements, and hydrophilic preference is linked to larger water surface areas, fewer barriers, and better water quality. (3) There are spatial differences in canal waterfront landscape preferences across different urban areas, with the old city exhibiting higher aesthetic, cultural, and hydrophilic preferences than the new city and suburban areas. Finally, this study proposes strategies for optimising and enhancing the quality of waterfront landscapes of heritage canals, aiming to provide sustainable practical guidance for the future planning and management of these heritage sites.

Impact of Technological Advancements on Short-term Outcomes in Flap Reconstruction after Soft Tissue Sarcoma Resection: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare malignancies requiring extensive surgical resection, often leading to significant soft tissue defects. Flap reconstruction is crucial for restoring function and appearance. Recent reconstructive microsurgery advancements, including high-resolution indocyanine green (ICG) imaging and ultra-high frequency ultrasonography (UHFU), have revolutionized preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. We aimed to compare the surgical procedures and short-term outcomes of patients undergoing immediate flap reconstruction before and after our department's adoption of these technologies. We retrospectively analyzed 276 patients who underwent immediate flap reconstruction post-sarcoma resection between May 2014 and December 2023. They were categorized into pre- and post-technology groups based on the introduction of ICG angiography and UHFU in July 2019. We collected demographic, surgical, and postoperative data and compared outcomes using Fisher's exact and t-tests. The muscle preservation rate at the donor site was significantly higher in the post-Tech than in the pre-Tech group (no muscle damage: 65% vs. 37%, incision muscle damage: 25% vs. 26%, and muscle resection: 10% vs. 37%; p < 0.01). The proportions of complications (21% vs. 36%, p = 0.01), flap complications (17% vs. 30%, p = 0.01), partial flap loss (5% vs. 17%, p < 0.01), and flap dehiscence (9% vs. 25%, p < 0.01) were low in the post-Tech group. In the stratified analysis of free-flap reconstruction, the post-Tech group had a shorter operative time (7:01 vs. 8:13, p = 0.03) and fewer takebacks due to compromised flap perfusion (4% vs. 15%, p = 0.03) compared with the pre-Tech group. The introduction of ICG angiography and UHFU has improved surgical outcomes in STS flap reconstructions. These technologies facilitate precise preoperative planning and intraoperative decision-making, resulting in reduced operative times, low complication rates, and enhanced muscle preservation at the donor site.

2019 개정 누리과정과 일본 유치원 교육과정 지원자료에 나타난 교육과정 실행 비교 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of the implementation of curriculum and to obtain implications for the implementation of the next Nuri curriculum by comparing the organization, teaching &amp; learning, and evaluation in the supporting materials for the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum and Japanese kindergarten curriculum. Methods The main analysis data are Korea's ‘2019 Revised Nuri Curriculum Play Implementation Materials’, Japan's ‘Preparation of Guidance Plans and Development of Childcare Connecting Young Children's Thoughts’, ‘Records Used for Guidance and Evaluation’, and ‘Evaluation Based on Young Children Understanding’, The research method compared the similarities and differences in the organization, teaching &amp; learning, and evaluation in both countries by content analysis. Results First, the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum has a lot of autonomy and flexibility in educational planning and the routine composition, whereas in Japan, specificity of the educational plan is strong, but it is flexible in implementation. Second, both curricula pursue spatial arrangement and re-arrangement that induces children's voluntary play. Play materials can be any environment surrounding children in both curricula. Verbal, behavioral, and emotional interactions between teachers are common in interactions, but in Japan, there is a strong tendency for emotional interactions. Safety pursues research on safe play spaces by improving the safety capabilities of young children and teachers, but in Japan, mental stability is important by building a trust relationship between teachers and young children. Third, in the evaluation of the two curricula, young children evaluation and curriculum evaluation are similar, but the revised Nuri curriculum was presented relatively comprehensively for the information on related content. Conclusions The results of this study can deepen the understanding of the implementation of the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum and can be used as basic data when developing supporting materials for the next Nuri curriculum implementation.

Facial Foramen Diagnostic and Surgical Role as Reference Points in Asymmetries-Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Preliminary Study.

Introduction: Facial asymmetry can be attributed to a multitude of underlying causes. Multiple reference points can be utilized for guidance in surgery planning. The scope of mandibular overgrowth and asymmetry should always be measured on CBCT radiographs (cone-beam computed tomography). The assessment of the mental foramen, and the supra and infraorbital foramina is crucial in surgical procedures. Their potential as reference points for predicting specific conditions has never been studied before. The authors explored if the mentioned foramina can be used for diagnostic purposes to distinguish the type of asymmetry or perhaps could improve any surgery planning in those skeletal asymmetry cases. Material and methods: Evaluation of 30 CBCT radiographs in the present preliminary study based on three study groups consisting of patients with normal skeletal features without any skeletal malocclusion (n = 10), and those compared with hemimandibular elongation (HE = 10) and hyperplasia (CH/HH = 10). For the evaluation of asymmetry, fluctuating asymmetry indices were calculated. Results: The fluctuating asymmetry indices did not differ between both sexes; however, they were remarkably higher in the CH groups than in HE or control. Some of the indices showing the highest differences show some potential as promising predictors for early detection of CH. Conclusions: The condylar hyperplasia shows the highest facial asymmetry among study groups and metric traits. The supraorbital-mental foramina measurement may be used for initial screening for the occurrence of condylar hyperplasia Additional measurements could increase the predictive value of this indicator. Further study on improved samples could confirm the hypothesis of facial foramina displacement influence on jaw osteotomy planning.

The Impact of Social Media on Disordered Eating: Insights from Israel.

Social media platforms have become integral to daily life and increasingly disseminate health, nutrition, and food information. While these platforms can offer evidence-based nutrition education and meal planning guidance, a significant portion of content promotes unrealistic beauty standards and unhealthy weight-loss practices, potentially contributing to disordered eating behaviors. The increasing prevalence of disordered eating, characterized by abnormal eating behaviors and attitudes, has become a global public health concern. This study examines whether social media consumption correlates with disordered eating symptoms in Israeli college students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students at Ashkelon Academic College in Israel. The questionnaire assessed demographics, social media usage (platforms used, frequency, and content followed), body satisfaction, and disordered eating symptoms, measured via the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). The study sample comprised 580 students (73% were female and 27% were male) with a mean age of 27.87 years. Participants predominantly used multiple social media platforms, with a majority following food-, eating-, and health-related content. Despite having a normal BMI, a substantial number of participants reported body dissatisfaction. The results indicated a positive correlation between social media use and disordered eating symptoms. Individuals who frequently engaged with food-related content on social media exhibited higher levels of disordered eating. Moreover, body satisfaction emerged as a significant mediator in the relationship between social media use and disordered eating symptoms. The findings of this study support the growing body of evidence linking social media use to disordered eating behaviors among young adults. Developing targeted interventions that promote media literacy and foster body positivity is essential. Additionally, future research should explore the long-term effects of social media on eating behaviors and the effectiveness of different prevention strategies.

Protruding or Concealed: Defining ldeal Cranioauricular Angle via a Morphometric Analysis in Asians

The frontal appearance of ears, usually overlooked in facial aesthetics, has gained increasing attention among Asians. However, a consensus on the ideal cranioauricular angle is currently lacking. This study aims to investigate the ideal cranioauricular angle as perceived by the Asian population through a questionnaire-based survey. A survey was conducted among a diverse population of varying backgrounds by distributing questionnaires manually. The participants were requested to evaluate a series of images depicting typical Asian facial features, with ears digitally manipulated to demonstrate distinct cranioauricular angles. Demographic information, including age, gender, occupation, their own face and ear type, and history or interest in otoplasty for aesthetic purposes, was recorded. A total of 632 responses were recorded. The cranioauricular angle of 30 degrees received the highest scores from respondents, regardless of gender and face shape (P<0.0001), which corresponded to an upper width facial ratio of 0.79-0.82 and a lower facial width ratio of 0.67-0.70. Subgroup analysis revealed ideal angle lies between 30 and 40 degrees, with slight differences when stratified by age, gender, or occupation. Auricles that are excessively protruded or concealed were not preferred. Among respondents with a slender face, 20.5% expressed interest in otoplasty, compared to 15.27% among those with a broader face. This study provides an in-depth insight into the optimal cranioauricular angle based on gender and facial shape. The ear with a cranioauricular angle of 30 degrees is the preferred option among participants in the survey. These findings offer valuable guidance for surgical planning and outcome assessment in cosmetic otoplasty.

AGSAM-Net: UAV route planning and visual guidance model for bridge surface defect detection

AGSAM-Net: UAV route planning and visual guidance model for bridge surface defect detection

Perspective on traditional village spatial order based on directed weighted networks: a case study of Banliang Village

ABSTRACT This study constructs a directed weighted network among traditional village buildings based on directional similarity and utilizes social network analysis to identify influential buildings affecting spatial order. Key findings include: 1) Centrality Measures; Weighted degree, eigenvector, and betweenness centrality quantify the influence of building nodes in terms of quantity, quality, and importance, respectively. 2) Influential Buildings; High centrality buildings are not necessarily ‘star buildings’. Their impact is implicit and local, contrasting with the explicit and holistic influence of ‘star buildings’. 3) Community Structure; The village forms seven sub-communities with a modularity of 0.681, reflecting ideal community division. Community consistency is influenced by factors like size, the presence of ancient buildings, and morphology. 4) Spatial Order; Centrality distribution among nodes varies between communities. Communities rich in ancient buildings show a complex, organic order, suggesting self-organization, while those with modern buildings exhibit a more rigid layout, indicating imposed order. This research offers methodological insights for traditional village spatial morphology and provides guidance for conservation and planning.

Post-COVID-19 Sojourn Choices: Exploring the Distribution and Preferences of Chinese Digital Nomads Based on the Lifestyle Migration Theory

With the advancement of digital technologies and the gradual waning of the pandemic’s impact, digital nomads have attracted significant attention from academia and industry as an emerging social group. Existing studies regarding the distribution and destination selection preferences of digital nomads remain lacking. This study aims to investigate the distribution patterns and destination selection preferences of Chinese digital nomads, guided by the lifestyle migration theory. Specifically, we address the following research questions: Where do Chinese digital nomads choose to sojourn post-pandemic, and what factors influence their destination preferences? Using a qualitative approach based on grounded theory, we analyze text data from China’s largest video-based social platform to uncover key factors shaping digital nomads’ choices. The findings reveal that Chinese digital nomads consider five key dimensions when selecting a destination: basic living conditions, social environment, work opportunities, travel experience, and local integrated environment. Notably, compared to traditional migrant groups, digital nomads demonstrate stronger online and sharing behaviors in work and social interactions. Additionally, “travel” is identified as a new category. This study makes a theoretical contribution by expanding the application of lifestyle migration theory to digital nomadism, offering new insights into contemporary migration behaviors. It also provides practical guidance for travel destination planning and management to better accommodate the preferences of this emerging group.

Framework and Elemental Analysis for Constructing a Real-Time New Quality Productivity Monitoring System

New quality productivity represents the core force driving global economic transformation and high-quality development. It signifies a shift in the economic system from being driven by traditional factors to a focus on innovation, technology intensiveness, and green, sustainable transformation. In this context, establishing an effective quality productivity monitoring system is of critical importance. This paper aims to construct a theoretical framework for the new quality productivity monitoring system and analyze its key elements. The goal is to provide a robust data foundation and scientific guidance for policy planning, platform development, talent cultivation, and introduction. The ultimate aim is to achieve real-time monitoring and precise evaluation of new quality productivity, ensuring its alignment with the long-term development of the social economy.

Digital Twins Use in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Background/Objectives: Digital twin technology, initially developed for engineering and manufacturing, has entered healthcare. In plastic surgery, digital twins (DTs) have the potential to enhance surgical precision, personalise treatment plans, and improve patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to explore the current use of DTs in plastic surgery and evaluate their effectiveness, challenges, and future potential. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases from their infinity to October 2024. The search included terms related to digital twins and plastic surgery. Studies were included if they focused on applying DTs in reconstructive or cosmetic plastic surgery. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, technological aspects, outcomes, and limitations. Results: After 110 studies were selected for screening, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria, covering various areas of plastic surgery, such as breast reconstruction, craniofacial surgery, and microsurgery. DTs were primarily used in preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance, with reported improvements in surgical precision, complication rates, and patient satisfaction. However, challenges such as high costs, technical complexity, and the need for advanced imaging and computational tools were frequently noted. Limited research exists on using DTs in postoperative care and real-time monitoring. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the potential of digital twins to revolutionise plastic surgery by providing personalised and precise surgical approaches. However, barriers such as cost, complexity, and ethical concerns must be addressed. Future research should focus on validating clinical outcomes through large-scale studies and developing soft tissue modelling and real-time monitoring capabilities.

The Impact of Bamboo on Rainfall-Triggered Landslide Distribution at the Regional Scale: A Case Study from SE China

It is widely accepted that land use and land cover (LULC) is an important conditioning factor for landslide occurrence, especially when considering the role of tree roots in stabilizing slopes and consolidating the soil. However, it is still difficult to assess the impacts of a specific LULC type on landslide distribution. The objective of the present study is to reveal the relationship between bamboo and landslide distribution at the regional scale. We aim to answer the following question: do the areas covered by bamboo have a higher susceptibility to landslides? Wenzhou City in SE China was taken as the study area, and a landslide inventory containing 1725 shallow landslides was constructed. The generalized additive model (GAM) was employed to assess the significance of LULC and nine additional factors, all of which were generated using the GIS platform. The frequency ratio (FR) method was used to analyze and compare the landslide density in each LULC category. Machine learning models were applied to perform landslide susceptibility mapping of the region. The results show that in the Wenzhou region, LULC is the second most important factor for landslide occurrences after the slope factor, whereas bamboo has a relatively higher FR value than most other LULC categories. The accuracies of the landslide susceptibility maps obtained from the random forest and XGBoost models were 79.6% and 85.3%, respectively. Moreover, 23.8% and 25.5% of the bamboos were distributed in very-high- and high-susceptibility-level areas. The incidents and density of landslides in bamboo areas were significantly higher than those with debris flow and rock collapses, indicating a promotional effect of bamboo on slope failure in the study area. This work will improve our understanding regarding the role of geological and ecological conditions that affect slope stability, which may provide useful guidance for land use planning and landslide risk assessment and mitigation at the regional scale.

Enhancing Research Through Image Analysis Workshops: Experiences and Best Practices.

Modern microscopy systems allow researchers to generate large volumes of image data with relative ease. However, the challenge of analyzing these data effectively is often hindered by a lack of computational skills. This bottleneck negatively impacts both research reproducibility and efficiency, as researchers frequently rely on manual or semi-automated analysis methods. Interactive image analysis workshops offer a valuable solution, equipping researchers with the skills and tools needed to automate image processing tasks. In this paper, we share our experiences and best practices from conducting such workshops, which emphasize the use of open-source software like ImageJ, FIJI, and Python-based tools such as JupyterLab and napari. We discuss key considerations for workshop design, logistics, and outcomes, while highlighting common pitfalls to avoid. Using two recent workshops as case studies, we also present strategies for optimizing participant engagement and learning. Our insights offer practical guidance for planning and conducting image analysis workshops and serve as a starting point for researchers looking to establish similar training initiatives and enrich their local imaging communities.

Eksplorasi Pentingnya Program Asistensi Mengajar terhadap Kesiapan Karir Calon Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

This study evaluates Teaching Assistance (AM) 's role in preparing students' careers in the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education (PGMI) program at UIN Malang. Using a mixed-method research design that combines quantitative and qualitative methods, this study found that AM contributes positively to students' career readiness. The questionnaires and interviews indicate that PGMI students know enough about the working world, preferred work groups, and factors influencing career choices. They have also engaged in career exploration and made appropriate career decisions, especially in choosing the teaching profession. This study highlights the importance of career planning, career exploration, and career guidance in higher education to help students prepare for entering the workforce. These findings are expected to be considered by the PGMI Study Program when designing future AM programs.

Constructing ecological security patterns using remote sensing ecological index and circuit theory: A case study of the Changchun-Jilin-Tumen region.

Rapid urbanization and the implementation of ecological civilization initiatives are increasingly influencing regional ecosystems, necessitating a balance between urban development and ecological conservation for sustainable progress. The Changchun-Jilin-Tumen (CJT) region, a critical grain production base and ecological security barrier in China, faces the challenge of managing urban growth, food security, and ecological stability. This study proposes an integrated approach combining the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) and circuit theory to develop an Ecological Security Pattern (ESP) for the region. Habitat quality is assessed using RSEI, while Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) identifies ecological sources. Circuit theory is then employed to map ecological corridors, pinch points, and barriers. The results indicate that ecological sources cover 2985.33km2 (4.15% of the study area), and ecological corridors extend across 22,433.89km2 (31.21% of the area), with 150 optimal corridors totaling 3675.23km in length. Based on these findings, the study proposes a comprehensive ESP structure consisting of "three zones, one barrier, and one belt," along with targeted restoration optimization measures. The integration of RSEI and circuit theory offers a novel methodology for identifying priority areas for ecological restoration and provides essential guidance for land spatial planning and sustainable regional development.

Multi-Scale Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) Valuation for Wetland Ecosystems: A Case Study of Lishui City

Traditional gross ecosystem product (GEP) accounting methods often operate at macro scales, failing to reflect the localized and nuanced values of wetland ecosystems. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a fine-grained classification system based on a localized adaptation of international standards. The framework integrates high-precision national land surveys and remote sensing quantitative analysis while incorporating fisheries resource models, climate regulation beneficiary mapping, and visitor interpolation to address data scarcity related to human activities. This approach refines the spatial calculation methods for functional quantity accounting at fine scales. The results demonstrate that the refined classification maintains consistency with traditional methods in total value while adapting to multi-scale accounting, filling gaps at small and medium scales and providing a more accurate representation of localized wetland characteristics. Additionally, the study highlights the dominance of cultural services in GEP, emphasizing the need to balance cultural and regulatory services to ensure fairness in decision-making. Finally, a village-scale decision-support model is proposed, offering actionable guidance for wetland management and sustainable development planning.