Guidance For Application Research Articles

Knowledge Integration and Analysis of Technological Innovation in Prefabricated Construction

Prefabricated construction (PC) plays a critical role in advancing the sustainable and high-quality transformation of the construction industry. Nevertheless, the fragmented and variable nature of technological innovations in PC complicates their acquisition, comprehension, and practical application, thereby hindering the process of innovation transformation. In response to these challenges, this study applies knowledge graph techniques to aggregate, correlate, and store knowledge pertaining to PC technological innovations. Specifically, using patent data from the past five years, and grounded in knowledge management and complex network theories, this study employs text mining, topic modeling, and association rule algorithms to perform clustering, evolutionary, and association analyses. The extracted entities and relationships obtained from the analyses are then stored in a Neo4j graph database for the construction and interactive visualization of a knowledge graph for PC technological innovation. According to the knowledge graph, a question-and-answer system framework is further proposed, providing practical application guidance. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the technological landscape, key nodes, and development trends in PC. It makes a meaningful contribution to knowledge management theory and complex network theory, advancing innovative applications in PC technology.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Carbon Dots in the Field of Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

Carbon dots (CDs), as a revolutionary nanomaterial, exhibit unique advantages in terms of wastewater treatment, offering new opportunities for the development of water treatment technologies due to their simple synthesis methods, excellent biocompatibility, tunable optical properties, and favorable environmental performance. This review systematically discusses the synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and application progress of carbon dots in wastewater treatment, highlighting several key findings. (1) Excellent adsorption performance: CDs can effectively remove heavy metal ions, dyes, and organic pollutants from water. (2) Outstanding photocatalytic performance: Some carbon-dot-enhanced photocatalytic systems can efficiently remove pollutants under visible light. (3) Exceptional selective detection ability: CDs are capable of highly sensitive detection of heavy metals and organic pollutants in water, with the detection limits reaching the nanomolar level. (4) Enhanced membrane separation performance: The high water flux and excellent selectivity of carbon-dot-modified membranes make them suitable for efficient water treatment and water quality separation. (5) Enhancement of biological treatment: In biological treatment systems, CDs can significantly improve the microbial activity and electron transfer efficiency to enhance the efficiency of biological degradation processes. (6) Sustainable utilization of waste as a raw material and regeneration of CDs are conducive to reducing the cost of preparation of CDs. These findings indicate that CDs have broad application potential in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this review looks ahead to the future development directions of CDs in wastewater treatment, proposing potential innovations in catalytic performance enhancement, cost control, and practical applications, aiming to provide important references and guidance for future research and industrial application of CDs in wastewater treatment.

Audiovisual Breathing Guidance for Improved Image Quality and Scan Efficiency of T2- and Diffusion-Weighted Liver MRI

Objectives Impaired image quality and long scan times frequently occur in respiratory-triggered sequences in liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We evaluated the impact of an in-bore active breathing guidance (BG) application on image quality and scan time of respiratory-triggered T2-weighted (T2) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) by comparing sequences with standard triggering (T2S and DWIS) and with BG (T2BG and DWIBG). Materials and Methods In this prospective study, random patients with clinical indications for liver MRI underwent 3 T MRI with standard and BG acquisitions. The audiovisual BG application received the respiratory signal from the scanner, and animated breathing instructions were displayed using a mirror and screen behind the MRI bore. Prior to the DWIBG and T2BG acquisition, patients received a short video instruction about MRI with BG. Suitable parameters for desired breathing pattern for T2BG and DWIBG were set individually for each patient based on the patient's physical respiratory ability (ie, 4 seconds breathing followed by 4.5 seconds breath holding). Artifacts, sharpness, lesion conspicuity, and overall image quality were assessed using a Likert scale from 1 (nondiagnostic) to 5 (excellent). Scan time, apparent contrast-to-noise ratio, and apparent signal-to-noise ratio (aSNR) for all sequences were analyzed. Paired t test and Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis. Results Thirty-two patients (mean age: 55 ± 13 years, 13 female) were included. T2BG showed less artifacts (4.5 ± 0.7 vs 4.1 ± 0.8, P < 0.001) and better sharpness, lesion conspicuity, and overall image quality (eg, overall image quality 4.6 ± 0.7 vs 4.4 ± 0.7, P = 0.004) compared with T2S. DWIBG demonstrated improved image quality in all categories compared with DWIS (eg, overall image quality 4.5 ± 0.5 vs 4.3 ± 0.5, P = 0.005) and less artifacts (4.1 ± 0.5 vs 3.8 ± 0.7, P = 0.007). Scan times of T2BG (286 ± 23 vs 345 ± 68 seconds, P < 0.001) and DWIBG (160 ± 4 vs 252 ± 70 seconds, P < 0.001) were reduced by 17% and 37%, respectively. aSNR and apparent contrast-to-noise ratio (eg, aSNR: 23.45 ± 11.31 [T2BG] vs 25.84 ± 10.76 [T2S]; P = 0.079) were similar for both sequences for both approaches. Conclusions Active BG for respiratory-triggered liver T2w and DWI sequences led to significant reduction of breathing artifacts, improved image quality, and shorter scan time compared with standard acquisitions.

The Application of Traditional Chinese Auspicious Animal Patterns in Commercial Poster Illustration

Traditional Chinese auspicious animal patterns are significant symbols of Chinese culture, carrying profound historical and cultural connotations. In the context of globalization and digitalization, how to innovatively apply traditional patterns to modern commercial poster illustrations has become an important topic in the cultural and creative industries. This study focuses on traditional Chinese auspicious animal patterns, exploring their application strategies and practical approaches in commercial poster illustrations. Through literature review, case analysis, and comparative analysis, this paper examines the cultural and artistic characteristics of traditional patterns, combined with the visual language and communication functions of commercial poster illustrations. It proposes application strategies such as aligning pattern selection with themes, integrating traditional designs with modern aesthetics, unifying color schemes with brand identity, and enhancing composition for visual impact. By analyzing typical domestic and international cases, the study summarizes successful experiences and shortcomings, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the modern application of traditional patterns. The research demonstrates that incorporating traditional Chinese auspicious animal patterns into commercial poster illustrations not only inherits and promotes traditional culture but also enhances the cultural value and market competitiveness of designs, injecting new vitality into the sustainable development of the cultural and creative industries.

Second-Order Cone Programming Based Covariance Control and Applications in Terminal Flight Guidance

Second-Order Cone Programming Based Covariance Control and Applications in Terminal Flight Guidance

The recent advance and prospect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.

Chemotherapies are commonly used in cancer therapy, their applications are limited to low specificity, severe adverse reactions, and long-term medication-induced drug resistance. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP)inhibitors are a novel class of antitumor drugs developed to solve these intractable problems based on the mechanism of DNA damage repair, which have been widely applied in the treatment of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and other cancers through inducing synthetic lethal effect and trapping PARP-DNAcomplex in BRCA gene mutated cancer cells. In recent years, PARP inhibitors have been widely used in combination with various first-line chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors to expand the scope of clinical application. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying the drug resistance to PARP inhibitors, including the restoration of homologous recombination, stabilization of DNA replication forks, overexpression of drug efflux protein, and epigenetic modifications pose great challenges and desirability in the development of novel PARP inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the mechanism, structure-activity relationship, and multidrug resistance associated with the representative PARP inhibitors. Furthermore, we aim to provide insights into the development prospects and emerging trends to offer guidance for the clinical application and inspiration for the development of novel PARP inhibitors and degraders.

To what extent can the drilling process affect the drilling performance in Al‐mesh/GFRE hybrid composites?

AbstractA critical step in the bolted connection assembly of hybrid composites is drilling. Drilling effectiveness is influenced by the interaction between the structural constitution of the composite and the type of the drilling process. The performance of traditional (TD) and abrasive water jet (AWJ) drilling of glass fiber (GF) and hybrid glass fiber/aluminum‐mesh composites with two distinct Al patterns (AGF: with Al at the surface layer and GFA: with Al in the center) has been examined, with a focus on drilling performance. Delamination (), out of roundness (), Bearing strength (), and taper angle () are the quality criteria. The experimental studies were conducted under controlled parameters for TD (feed rate, speed and point angle) and for AWJ (water pressure, stand‐off distance and traverse speed) utilizing Taguchi L9 OA. TD method produced superior performance, with decrease of 10.75%, improved by 84.26%, and increased by 20.14%. While AWJD provides minimal thermal impacts, it produces increased and more variations in hole geometry owing to its sensitivity to specimen structures and processing parameters. The outcomes provided guidance for applications in aerospace and manufacturing, indicating that optimized TD is better suited for applications requiring high hole quality, and cost‐effectiveness.Highlights A comparative study of traditional and non‐traditional drilling processes. AWJD produces larger , less precise, and is affected by material properties. The TD showed compatibility for uses needing superior performance and quality.

Stimuli-Induced Instabilities and Bifurcations of Responsive Polymeric Materials: A Review on Analytical and Numerical Studies

Responsive polymeric materials have attracted extensive research attention due to their capabilities in response to external stimuli such as electric field, magnetic field, temperature, pH, light, and chemicals while maintaining their unique features. However, with the existence of external stimuli, such materials are also susceptible to stimuli-induced instabilities and bifurcations that limit the functionalities of their applications. This paper aims to provide an overview on the state of the art of analytical and numerical methodologies for characterizing those stimuli-induced behaviors, including incremental approach, finite element method, and tension field theory. The general formulations and simulation procedures adopted in the analysis techniques are briefly introduced, and the advantages and limitations of each method are identified. Some research gaps and prospective directions are also discussed, which is expected to provide guidance for better design and applications of responsive polymeric materials in future studies.

Unlocking the Potential of Keratin: A Comprehensive Exploration from Extraction and Structural Properties to Cross-Disciplinary Applications.

The rapid expansion of the livestock and poultry industry has led to a considerable increase in slaughter byproducts; however, exploring their potential applications still needs to be improved. These underutilized byproducts, which include nails, hides, skins, and bones, represent a significant loss of valuable biological resources. Among these materials, keratin has garnered considerable attention due to its unique properties as a natural biopolymer. Keratin exhibits outstanding mechanical properties and biocompatibility and has attracted increasing attention for its recovery and conversion into relevant application materials. However, natural keratin typically has a high sulfur content, complex 3D structure, and abundant hydrogen and disulfide bonds, which cause challenges in application. Current extraction for keratin includes physical, chemical, biological, and hybrid approaches. Combining multiple methods synergistically enhances protein extraction efficiency and purity, and facilitates the exploration of structure and functional properties. This review encompasses the structural characteristics, properties, extraction methods, and research progress related to keratin. The preparation and application of keratin composite materials in different forms, such as fibers, films, hydrogels, and scaffolds, are illustrated. Applications in several fields, including biomedicine, flexible electronic components, environmental materials and food packaging are discussed. Hopefully, this paper will provide a comprehensive understanding and guidance for further development and application of keratin materials.

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist vs. placebo in a patient with end-stage kidney disease under renal replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The number of patients living with chronic kidney diseases is increasing, and so are the patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT). While there is a common understanding that these patients face higher risks of fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) have been an essential pillar in managing heart failure, their use in this subset of patients have been overshadowed due to concerns of hyperkalemia. ESRD patients under RRT have often been excluded from landmark trials. This meta-analysis was conducted based on the PRISMA guideline after registering the protocol with PROSPERO (CRD42024499835). A database search included articles until April 2024 and relevant data extracted from the included studies. Analysis was done using RevMan web (version 5.4). A total of 15 studies among 1086 studies were included in the final analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed MRA significantly reduced all-cause mortality (OR 0.35, CI 0.23- 0.54) and cardio-vascular mortality (OR 0.37, 0.21-0.65). With some possible increase in the risk of hyperkalemia (OR 1.56, CI 1.01-2.42), with no discernible difference in the occurrence of stroke (OR 0.57, CI 0.25-1.28) or MI (OR 0.63, CI 0.08-4.72). The utilization of MRA in patients with ESRD under dialysis is linked to improved mortality outcomes, albeit with slight concerns for hyperkalemia. While current evidence leans towards MRA usage, prospective randomized controlled trials involving a broader patient cohort are essential to establish robust guidance for MRA application in this subset of patients.

A Novel Magnetic Flux Leakage Method Incorporating TMR Sensors for Detecting Zinc Dross Defects on the Surface of Hot-Dip Galvanized Sheets

Surface quality control of hot-dip galvanized sheets is a critical research topic in the metallurgical industry. Zinc dross, the most common surface defect in the hot-dip galvanizing process, significantly affects the sheet’s service performance. In this manuscript, a novel magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection method was proposed to detect zinc dross defects on the surface of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets. Instead of using exciting coils in traditional methods, a tiny permanent magnet with a millimeter magnitude was employed to reduce the size and weight of the equipment. Additionally, a high-precision tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor with a sensitivity of 300 mV/V/Oe was selected to achieve higher detection accuracy. The experimental setup was established, and the x-axis direction (sample movement direction) was determined as the best measurement axis by vector analysis through experiments and numerical simulation. The detection results indicate that this novel MFL detection method could detect industrial zinc dross with an equivalent size of 400 μm, with high signal repeatability and signal-to-noise ratio. In the range of 0–1200 mm/s, the detection speed has almost no effect on the measurement signal, which indicates that this novel method has higher adaptability to various conditions. The multi-path scanning method with a single probe was used to simulate the array measurement to detect a rectangular area of 30 × 60 mm. Ten zinc dross defects were detected across eight measurement paths with 4 mm intervals, and the positions of these zinc dross defects were successfully reconstructed. The research results indicate that this novel MFL detection method is simple and feasible. Furthermore, the implementation of array measurements provides valuable guidance for subsequent in-depth research and potential industrial applications in the future.

Energy harvesting of a metamaterial beam with acoustic black holes

Abstract This paper proposed an improved metamaterial piezoelectric beam with the acoustic black holes (ABHs) for low-frequency energy harvesting. The ABHs are embedded in the local resonant beams distributed on both sides of the primary beam. Piezoelectric plates are attached to the ABHs, leveraging the energy-focusing effect to enhance the energy harvesting performance. Finite element simulation results indicate that the energy harvesting electrical energy has improved by 6.92 times compared to the traditional metamaterial resonant beam without ABHs. Parameter analysis indicates that increasing the number of local resonators and extending the length of the piezoelectric patches can further enhance energy harvesting performance. However, reducing the truncation thickness of the ABH boosts energy harvesting but compromises structural strength. Extending the ABH length and increasing load resistance within the appropriate range are conducive to energy harvesting. Besides, the optimal load resistance varies with frequency. These findings provide useful guidance for future applications of improved metamaterial beam.

ANALISA TITIK LAMPU RUANG TAMU DAN RUANG KELUARGA RUMAH TYPE 90 M2

This research aims to analyze the lighting needs for the living room and family room in a 90 m² house. Using a quantitative descriptive method, the findings showed that optimal lighting in the living room requires two 11-watt light points for a 7.05 m² area, while the family room needs four light points for an 11.4 m² area. Efficient lighting can be achieved through the use of LED lights, ensuring even light distribution based on the visual needs of the space. Recommendations should be validated to ensure compliance with SNI standards and visual comfort. The research provides useful guidance for the effective application of artificial lighting in 90 m² houses

An investigation of scouring mechanism and equilibrium state by the submerged jet using synthesized oblique velocity

This paper uses a numerical simulation method based on synthesized oblique velocity to simulate the process of submerged oblique jet scouring of the sand bed. The concept of the initial scouring equilibrium state is introduced, and curves showing the variation of scour hole depth over time at varying angles are fitted based on experimental data. This enables predicting the scour hole depth at any point during the scouring process and the time required to reach the initial scouring equilibrium state. An ultrasonic displacement sensor was used to measure the depth and width of the scour holes accurately. The evolution of the scour holes formed by the submerged oblique jet on the sand bed was systematically studied within the range of oblique angles from θ = 30°–80°. The flow structure during the scouring process and its interaction with sediment movement were further revealed through numerical simulations. The synthesized oblique velocity method effectively addresses the complexity of simulating the oblique jet. This provides a new approach to investigating the submerged oblique jet scouring of the sand bed. The findings of this study offer valuable guidance for practical applications, such as underwater equipment cleaning and deep-sea dredging.

Insight into gain and transient response characteristics of AlGaN/GaN hetero-junction based UV photodetectors: Case study on the role of incident light intensity

Gain and response speed are two key performance parameters for high sensitivity photodetectors (PDs). However, the effect of incident light intensity on gain and transient response properties of AlGaN/GaN hetero-junction based PDs are still not fully understood. Here, we design and fabricate an AlGaN/GaN hetero-junction based ultraviolet (UV) PD with interdigitated electrodes formed by a conductive two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel, which exhibits a low dark current of 2.92 × 10−11 A and a high responsivity of 3060 A/W at 10 V bias. The high-gain AlGaN/GaN 2DEG PD has a similar working mechanism to those of traditional phototransistors, but its device architecture is evidently simplified. By investigating the variation of gain and transient response characteristics of the 2DEG PD as a function of incident UV light intensity, it has been concluded that the gain of the PD in a low-light intensity region is dominated by hole accumulation-induced electron escape from the 2DEG, while in a high-light intensity region, the gain is dominated by photoconductivity effect and limited by carrier recombination. This study provides guidance for future practical applications of AlGaN/GaN-based PDs in complex UV illumination environments.

Top of cement influence on APB mitigation in high pressure and high temperature oil wells

This work presents a study on the influence of Top of Cement (TOC) in mitigating Annular Pressure Build-Up (APB) in wells subjected to high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions. Oil and gas exploration in HPHT wells poses significant engineering challenges, including an increased occurrence of APB. Under extreme circumstances, APB can compromise casing integrity, leading to oil leakage into the marine environment and jeopardizing safety and operational continuity. The objective of this study is to comprehend how TOC height influences APB behavior. Additionally, in cases where the cement top does not cover the previous casing shoe (open shoe), the study examines how fluid leak-off affects APB response. The methodology consists of four main stages: i) literature review on characterizing and modeling APB in HPHT wells; ii) implementation of a semi-analytical model proposed in the literature to calculate APB considering cement effects and formation leak-off; iii) modeling scenarios with varying TOC heights; and iv) analyzing results to observe the relationship between APB, TOC heights and casing safety factors. These results are compared with those from widely used commercial software in the industry. The results obtained with the implemented model demonstrate that positioning the TOC below the previous casing shoe effectively reduces APB. However, caution is warranted when reducing TOC height, as it is crucial for wellbore stability. Thus, this study contributes to developing a methodology for evaluating the impact of TOC height and leak-off on APB, providing guidance for future research and practical applications in the industry, and enhancing safety and operational efficiency in HPHT wells.

Comprehensive model for multi-fracture localization based on water hammer signals: Evaluation and field application

Determining fracture locations in hydraulic fracturing is essential for diagnostic purposes. Water hammer waves generated during pump shut-in in hydraulic fracturing create pressure fluctuations as they pass through fractures. The pressure signals collected at the wellhead contain valuable information about subsurface fracture positions. This study, based on the water hammer equation, establishes an internal flow model within pipelines, considering both the pump shut-in process and subsurface fracture boundary conditions (fracture permeability, fracture storage, and fracture inertia effects). The method of characteristics (MOC) is employed for numerical discretization to simulate the wellhead pressure fluctuations during pump shut-in. A novel fracture localization method is proposed, combining comprehensive filtering, cepstral analysis, and velocity conversion. Comprehensive filtering effectively removes various noises present in the collected signals. Subsequently, cepstral analysis identifies negative peaks in the cepstral domain generated by pulse functions at fracture locations. This information is then used to determine the propagation time of pressure waves from fractures to the wellhead, which is converted to depth by wave velocity. Through numerical simulations and field experiments, the method's effectiveness is validated, demonstrating its capability to efficiently filter out signal noise, identify cepstral negative peaks from pulse functions at fractures, and provide precise inversion of fracture locations. This method holds significant guidance for practical field applications.

Research progress on mechanisms and pharmacokinetics of ligustilide in treatment of locomotor system diseases

Ligustilide, a phthalide compound extracted from Umbelliferae plants such as Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong, has been proven to possess various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-ischemic stroke injury, and anti-Alzheimer's disease properties. In recent years, it has shown great potential, particularly in the treatment of locomotor system diseases. Studies have shown that ligustilide has significant therapeutic effects on various locomotor system diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, femoral head necrosis, osteosarcoma, and muscle aging and injury. Its mechanisms of action include enhancing the differentiation ability of osteoblasts(OBs), inhibiting the formation ability of osteoclasts(OCs), downregulating inflammatory factors, promoting the synthesis of extracellular matrix(ECM), improving local blood supply to the femoral head, balancing lipid metabolism, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells, inducing cell cycle arrest, enhancing glucose utilization in skeletal muscle, and regulating autophagy and apoptosis. However, its clinical application is severely limited by drawbacks such as structural instability, poor water solubility, and low bioavailability. Currently, formulation techniques such as dripping pills, micropills, inclusion complexes, and liposomes are being used to improve its stability and water solubility, thereby enhancing its therapeutic efficacy. This article summarized the effects, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetics of ligustilide monomers and preparations in the treatment of locomotor system diseases in China and abroad in recent years, aiming to provide reference and guidance for further development and application of ligustilide in this field.

A State‐of‐the‐Art Review of Through‐Silicon Vias : Filling Materials, Filling Processes, Performance, and Integration

Through‐silicon via (TSV) technology realizes high‐density interconnections within and between different dies (chips) by vertically drilling holes in silicon and filling them with various conductive materials. It is an effective way to achieve miniaturization, lightweight, and multi‐functionality in post‐Moore microelectronics. In this review, the process optimization in TSV preparation, various filling techniques, and different filler materials are comprehensively summarized and discussed. It also delves into the characterization and reliability analysis of TSV performance under multi‐physical fields of mechanical, thermal, and electrical. Moreover, the review explores the challenges and solutions for TSVs in regards of integration/packaging and cost aspects. This review can be used to understand the latest research progresses and applications of TSVs, and provide reference and guidance for future research and applications for advanced TSV technology.

Effect of polyacrylate polymer on the mechanical and water retention properties of cemented soil: A multiscale investigation

Granitic residual soils (GRS) occupy substantial deposits in many regions but exhibit deficiencies restricting direct engineering applications. This study investigated polyacrylate (PA) polymer treatment to enhance the mechanical and hydrological properties of GRS. Triaxial tests evaluated the effects of PA content (0–3 %) on shear strength parameters under varied confining pressures. Soil-water retention characteristics were determined using pressure plate and filter paper methods. Microstructural analyses via scanning electron microscopy and pore attribute quantification furnished insights. Results showed PA increased peak deviator stress and cohesion in a content-sensitive manner up to an optimum 2 % dosage. A modified Duncan-Chang model accurately described the nonlinear stress-strain behavior. PA amplified water retention across the entire suction domain by elevating the air entry value attributed to microstructural changes. Morphological analyses indicated PA formed binding membranes consolidating particles with redistributed pore attributes towards stabler, load-resisting configurations. Quantitative links validated hypothesized mechanisms whereby optimized pore architectures directly translated bulk fabric cohesion and friction enhancement. Multi-scale evidence synthesized a self-consistent microscopic mechanism of PA-mediated pore network reconstitution systematically strengthening the granular framework. This study demonstrated polyacrylate modification optimizes key engineering properties of naturally deficient GRS, offering design guidance for sustainable geotechnical applications exploiting abundant residual soil resources.