The mesoporous luminescent materials with streamline shape (as ellipsoids) as biological probes can be importantly and potentially used in biology and medicine fields. The ellipsoidal mesoporous SBA-15 silica with a tunable aspect ratio were synthesized by changing the ethanol amount in the synthesis solution. Hexagonal ordered mesoporous Eu3+-doped yttrium vanadate (YVO4:Eu3+) ellipsoids were successfully synthesized through the nanocasting route with a Y(NO3)3/Eu(NO3)3/NH4VO3/HNO3/ethanol solution as a guest unit and mesoporous SBA-15 silica ellipsoids as the hard template host, and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, low-temperature N2 adsorption and photo-luminescence (PL) spectra. The prepared mesoporous YVO4:Eu3+ ellipsoids possess larger surface area and pore volume, uniform pore size, and exhibits strong red emission at 618 nm excited by UV light. When the concentration of Eu3+ dopant is 5 mol.% (Y/Eu = 95/5), the highest PL intensity can be reached.