Insurgent Activity Research Articles

Rhythmanalysis and the emergence of public space: the case of University Avenue in Saint Paul following the George Floyd uprising

ABSTRACT Scholars of public space continue to debate its role as a setting for social and cultural activities, on the one hand, and for democratic processes, on the other. Public space is conceptualized in these discussions either as an already-made container for social interaction or a site created through insurgent activities. This paper offers an alternative starting point for the study of public space. Instead of approaching public space as a container for social interaction built by institutions, this paper conceptualizes public space as emerging through collective, public-minded activity, which has a limited duration. While such activity may appear through antagonistic politics claiming a right to the city, for example, it also takes shape through grassroots activities for collaborative placemaking and collective care. The paper elaborates on this conceptualization through a case study applying rhythmanalysis perspectives to analyze how ordinary spaces in the city of Saint Paul, Minnesota, emerged as public spaces in June 2020 through collective social action following the murder of George Floyd. The paper concludes that conceptualizing public space as a spatially- and temporally-ordered event advances inquiry into how public spaces support democratic ways of life.

CAUSES AND EFFECT OF COMMUNITY INSTABILITY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE PEOPLES OF BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

This paper examines the causes and implications of Boko Haram insurgency on socio-economic activities of the people’s of Borno State, Nigeria. Available factors advanced in the process of the study helped understand what motivating people to join the Boko Haram sect in Borno State and other states of the North-eastern region of Nigeria. It is no longer a news that Boko Haram in the waves of their insurgency in Borno State recorded a killing of thousands of innocent’s people, while destroyed and burnt down government and public properties and infrastructures worth Billions of Naira. Besides, the Boko Haram continued indiscriminate attacks pushed millions of people to internally displaced persons camps and forced thousands of business men and women to abandon their businesses thereby created an unprecedented joblessness, hunger and abject poverty in Maiduguri Borno State. However, it is evident that schools of all level were temporarily closed in the mid of the insurgency for certain period, while public health centres were equally closed in some local government areas due to the pressure of the Boko Haram indiscriminate attacks and killings. All efforts by the security agents to cease the Boko Haram insurgency activities failed to yield positive result. However, little or no attention has been given to the negative consequences of the Boko Haram insurgency on socio-economic activities of the people of Borno State. Its against this backdrop, this paper is intended to study the implications of the Boko Haram insurgency activities on socio-economic activities of the peoples of Borno State. Five objectives, two hypotheses were raised to answer the study questions to comprehend the work. A qualitative research design is adopted using primary and secondary sources of data collection method to generates and adequate information on what influenced the peoples to pledges allegiance to Boko Haram sect, and to what extent the Boko Haram insurgency activities affected the peoples socio-economic activities. A purposive sampling technique is used to select the study respondents. The study target population was drawn from two senatorial districts of Borno State. Borno Central Senatorial District and Northern Borno Senatorial District respectively. Four local government areas were chosen from the two senatorial zones, two each, these are Maiduguri Metropolis, Bama LGA, Kukawa LGA and Mobbar LGA. A sampling size of 379 respondents were selected, 95 respondents from each of the four local government areas chosen. A descriptive statistic, mean and standard deviation as adopted using upper and lower limits of decision rate of 3.0 mean coupled with 5 Likert scale method were utilized to analyze the data and interpret the results. The results of the study revealed that the community instability caused by Boko Haram insurgency in Borno State has posed a serious threat to all sectors of human endeavors, includes, education, healthcare, agriculture and specifically paralyzed the socio-economic activities of the peoples of Borno State. The paper concluded that the damages have been done to almost all the sectors of human endeavors by the activities of Boko Haram insurgency hence the need for investing efforts to revive the areas affected, such as education, healthcare delivery, agriculture and so on. However, this paper is equally recommended that the local governments, state and federal government as well as national and international non-governmental organization and philanthropist should as a matter of urgency join hands together and assist the victims of the Boko Haram insurgency displaced from their business activities and ensuring that all affected sectors of human endeavor are effectively functioning. It is also recommended that government should come up with plan to regulates the affairs of both Islamic and Christianity to avoid radicalization of our growing youth in the future.

Challenges and Security Risks in the Red Sea: Impact of Houthi Attacks on Maritime Traffic

This study examines the significant impact of Houthi insurgent activities on maritime traffic within the strategic Red Sea and Suez Canal routes, essential conduits for global trade. It explores the correlation between regional instability, exemplified by Houthi actions from 19 November 2023 to 5 February 2024, and changes in maritime traffic patterns and operational efficiency. This study seeks to answer a critical question in transport geography: how does regional instability, exemplified by Houthi insurgent activities, affect the maritime traffic patterns and operational efficiency of the Red Sea and Suez Canal? Using descriptive statistics, qualitative analysis, and geospatial methods, this research highlights recent trends in maritime traffic and incidents, revealing spatial and geopolitical challenges in this crucial trade route. The findings indicate a notable decline in maritime activity in the Gulf of Aden and Suez Canal due to security concerns from Houthi attacks, prompting a significant shift to alternative routes, particularly around the Cape of Good Hope. This shift underscores the broader implications of regional instability on global trade and the importance of maintaining an uninterrupted maritime flow. This study also emphasizes the economic ramifications, such as increased operational costs and freight rates due to longer transit times and enhanced security measures. This research concludes with a call for improved maritime security protocols and international cooperation to protect these strategic maritime pathways. It contributes to the discourse on transport geography by quantifying the direct impacts of regional conflicts on maritime logistics and proposing strategies for future resilience, highlighting the interconnected nature of global trade and security and the need for collective action against evolving geopolitical challenges.

Muster Rolls of the Edgbaston Garrison 1644–1646

ABSTRACT Colonel John ‘Tinker’ Fox, governor of the Edgbaston garrison, has been studied by several historians in recent years, overturning the older view that he was a radical or an independent force. This edition of the surviving muster rolls of the garrison looks at how a small body of men on the periphery of Parliamentarian territory was organised and equipped from local resources. The muster rolls show that Fox’s unit was improvised and poorly armed, but it was still capable of effective mounted guerrilla actions against their Royalist counterparts, and sometimes operated in the mainstream of military operations in the English Midlands.

The post-independence Nigerian environment and economic development: An historical survey

Environment plays a vital role in shaping and determining the level of progress achievable by man, both individually and collectively in various fields of endeavour. Man, and his environment are inseparably bound together, as the environment provides him the platform for the expression and demonstration of his inherent potentials and skills as a gregarious and productive organism. Without environment, there will be no life because it is the environment that sustains life. Human environment should therefore be made conducive, enabling and salubrious for the sustenance of life and diverse activities. Thus, this paper begins, by a somber glance at the post – independence since 1960; effects of good environment on productivity and economic development, and the crushing influence of harsh environment on Nigerian economy. The paper concludes by highlighting an economic development-friendly environment as a must for our 21st century Nigeria. The paper employed participatory observation and historical methods in other to achieve its objectives. The paper recommends, among others, that the government should promptly and urgently rid our environment of the activities of insurgents, bandits, terrorist herdsmen, unknown gunmen, kidnappers, and criminals which constitute serious threats to life sustenance, peace, social stability, and economic development.

The Pinnacle Impacts Of The Community Policing As A Pillar In Sustaining Global Peace

The community policing is the measures and actions taken by a variety of institutions and groups both formal and non-formal in the society to regulate social relations and practices in order to secure the safety of members of communal state as well as conformity to the norms and values of the society in questions mostly through shaming theory school of thought, the pre-colonial, the colonial period and the post-colonial eras each of which have represented various policing realities in Nigeria. Each of the periods captures the unique contemporaneous social relations and perceived crime reality. The quest to maintain law and order and enforce the rules of the government has led to the emergence of different policing styles in Nigeria. Though the people had their own unique and informal means of maintain value and order embedded in the culture and traditions of various indigenous and ethnic status. To attain global peace community policing needs global in-looks. Community policing will enhance global peace by militating against all odds from the grassroots’ criminal ventures such as rumors/hate speech, wars, kidnapping, physical/sphere assaults, rape, terrorism, insurgent activities, ritualist, bribing/corruption practices, school dropout, civil unrest, erosions, addiction/ substance usage, riots, human trafficking, prostitution, lesbianism, gay marriage, religion bigotry, malpractice of all kinds, fraudsters’, molestation of any such, fake news, environmental pollution, militancy, agitator, banditry, cultism, stealing, assassination, Ponzi scheme, coup junta and units of others contemporary global issues.

Uloga autoritarnog fuhimorističkog režima u Peruu u suzbijanju delovanja levičarskih gerilskih grupa Sendero Luminoso i Revolucionarni pokret Tupak Amaru

The subject of this research is the analysis of the role played by the Fujimorist regime in Peru, i.e. the rule of Alberto Fujimori in that Latin American country from 1990 to 2000, in suppressing the activities of the left-wing, i.e. Marxist-Leninist guerrilla groups Sendero Luminoso and the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement which represented the main security threat in the observed area from the 1980s to 2000. The basic assumption is that the Fujimorist regime, due to its authoritarian character, had greater success in the fight against Sendero Luminoso and Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement than was the case with the democratic regime before it, primarily due to the greater use of violence and brutal methods of suppressing guerrilla activity. The results of the research showed that it was in the period of the 1990s that the greatest successes of the state in the fight against the observed guerrilla groups were achieved, as evidenced, among other things, by the arrest of Sendero Luminoso leader Abimael Guzmán in 1992 and the complete neutralization of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement in 1997. The conclusion of the research is that the observed case is another indicator that authoritarian regimes, more prone to violence and less interested in human rights and freedoms, tend to solve security problems more quickly and efficiently, such as the activities of guerrilla groups, but also that security risks related to the activities of Sendero Luminoso in Peru still exist, although they are much smaller than before the 2000s. In the research, we used the historical method, the case study method and comparative analysis.

Rustling and Human Security in Nigeria - An Analysis of Ecowas Response

This study analyses ECOWAS response to rustling and human security in Nigeria. The central theme of the argument in the study is that rustling poses a significant threat to human security in Nigeria. This implies that diaries and beef consumption are altered by the activities of rustlers, insurgents, terrorists, kidnappers, and bandits. This, in turn, also poses a significant risk to animal life, human security, and food security in Nigeria. Thus, in line with mainstream submissions in the extant literature, the study’s findings indicate that rustling threatens human and food security in Nigeria. To address these security issues, the study recommends that the government should come out with a new dimension to national security, secure the national borders by documenting and using forensic technology to record the details of people and commercial trade activities at the wall, and also seek sub-regional cooperation with ECOWAS member states.

Distance, detachment, and division: a response to “Midnight’s victims”

ABSTRACT This response to Derek Gregory’s essay “Midnight’s victims” focuses on ordinariness and the everyday to address the ways in which ordinary and everyday activities were continually misread and misunderstood by the US through foundational practices of distance and detachment over the course of the nearly 20-year occupation. The geopolitical entanglements of the US in Afghanistan, such as weaponising and demarcating gender roles and relations for geopolitical purposes and the ineffectiveness of revenge as a driver of intervention, are identified as other aspects of US failures that require further scrutiny. Additionally, distance and detachment were endemic to the quantitative assessments, such as sorting combatants from civilians or applying the military principle of proportionality, and the subsequent faulty identification of, and decisions to kill, civilians incorrectly suspected of insurgent activity.

Boko Haram and Geo-Politics of Forced Migration in Nigeria

Migration is currently perceived as an epitome of globalization and a measuring gauge of global geopolitical mobility. In recent years, Nigeria has been faced with a series of migratory crises such as insurgency and conflict, forcing large numbers of people to flee from their various residential origins to neighboring countries as refugees and asylum seekers or within their country as Internally Displaced Persons. This study therefore explores the types and causes of forced migration due to the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria. The research engages the use of content analysis to examine relevant secondary data on Boko Haram insurgent activities and the geopolitics of forced migration in Nigeria. It is reported that from the total number of 2.1 million forced migrants in Nigeria as of May 2017, 9.7% are refugees in neighboring countries while others are spatially distributed in different states around the country as internally displaced persons. The study revealed that more than 97% of the internally displaced persons migrated due to the Boko Haram insurgent activities from the northeastern part of the country. It concluded that the migratory crises in Nigeria is predominantly caused by the activities of the Boko Haram insurgent group that subsequently forced the people to flee their origin because of fear for their lives coupled with the risk of persecution and the destruction of lives and properties. The study among other things recommended the beefing up of government’s efforts to tackle insecurity as its primary responsibility to save lives and property.

Expanding polio surveillance reach beyond vaccination reach in Borno State, Nigeria: The contribution of community informants from insecure areas engaged to conduct polio surveillance in security compromised areas, 2018–2019

IntroductionBorno state in north-eastern Nigeria is the epicentre of the >10 years’ insurgency activities that have affected the region since 2009, resulting in the destruction of health facilities, killing of health workers, massive population displacement and lack of access to populations to provide health services. This article demonstrates how the involvement of community informants from insecure areas (CIIA) to conduct polio surveillance in security-challenged settlements of Borno state contributed to the expansion of polio surveillance reach beyond polio vaccination reach. MethodIn each of the 19 security compromised Local Government areas (LGAs) with community informants from insecure areas, Android phones enabled with Vaccination Tracking System (VTS) technology and Open Data Kit (ODK) mobile application were provided to capture geo-coordinates as evidence (geo evidence) for polio surveillance activity conducted. These geo evidence captured were uploaded and mapped to show insecure settlements reached with polio surveillance and those yet to be reached. ResultsA total of 3183 security compromised settlements were reached for polio surveillance between March 2018 and October 2019 with valid geo evidence, 542 of these security-compromised settlements had not been previously reached by any other intervention for polio surveillance or polio vaccination. ConclusionThe capturing of geo-coordinates as a proxy indicator of polio surveillance activity conducted by informants provided significant evidence of settlements reached for sustained polio surveillance even when a case of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) had not been reported from these settlements. Using the geo evidence captured by CIIA in insecure settlements, we have demonstrated the expansion of polio surveillance reach beyond polio vaccination reach in Borno state.

Коммунистические партии Кубы и Венесуэлы в 1960-1970-е гг.: сложный путь от единства … к единству

The article analyzes the evolution of complicated relations between the Communist Party of Venezuela and the Communist Party of Cuba in the 60s and 70s of XX century. Both Communist Parties originally were very close and had aided to each other during both the Venezuelan and Cuban revolutions of 1958-1959. After the triumph of Castroist forces in Cuba, the Venezuelan leftists tried to repeat the successes ob-tained by Cuban Rebels in Venezuelan soil and started full-scale rural and urban guerrilla. However, the failure of this armed struggle not on-ly led the PCV to abandon the guerrilla activities, but also initiated a serie of energic debates between Cuban and Venezuelan communista. Based on the documents of the International Department of the CC of the CPSU kept in Moscow (in the RGANI archive), the published memoirs, the international communist hemerography, as also publica-tions by the Cuban and Soviet media, the authors try to recover a little-known aspects of the history of the Communist Party of Venezuela in the past centurу.

Descriptive representation and conflict reduction: Evidence from India’s Maoist rebellion

Can greater inclusion in democracy for historically disadvantaged groups reduce rebel violence? Democracy-building is a common tool in counterinsurgencies and post-conflict states, yet existing scholarship has faced obstacles in measuring the independent effect of democratic reforms. We evaluate whether quotas for Scheduled Tribes in local councils reduced rebel violence in Chhattisgarh, an Indian state featuring high-intensity Maoist insurgent activity. These quotas did not originate as a counterinsurgency technique, but instead as an effort to address the longstanding political marginalization of India’s Scheduled Tribes. We employ a geographic regression discontinuity design to study the wartime effects of quotas implemented in Chhattisgarh, finding that reservations reduced Maoist violence in the state. Exploratory analyses of mechanisms suggest that reservations reduced violence by bringing local elected officials closer to state security forces, providing a windfall of valuable information to counterinsurgents. Our study shows that institutional engineering, like reforms to create more inclusive representative democracy, can shape the trajectory of insurgent violence. Institutional engineering creating more inclusive representative democracy during an ongoing conflict can affect the political economy of information sharing in civil war and, ultimately, affect the trajectory of insurgent violence.

Security Challenges and the Proliferation of Small & Light Arms in Nigeria: Implication for National Development

It is apt to note that the central impediment to sustainable peace and security is the constant and continued proliferation of small and light weapons (SALW). The escalation of these arms contributed/became a threat to peace and tranquillity in Nigeria and precipitated inter-ethnic conflicts leading to an insurgency on a light scale. The paper aims to examine the continued proliferation of small and light arms and the challenges to national security with particular reference to Nigeria and the sources. The study employed descriptive as its methodology anchored on the frustration framework within the secondary data source. The study unveils that arms proliferation is centred on the porosity of the Nigerian borders. This development contributes in no small measures precipitated security challenges. The paper concludes as part of its recommendations that governments should strengthen the security activities at the Nigerian border and train personnel on border-related issues. The paper concludes as a matter of urgency government should embark on the gainful employment of youths to subdue the activities of insurgents and terrorist attacks in the six (6) geopolitical zones of Nigeria.

Maternal health services available to pregnant women and nursing mothers domiciled in the internally displaced persons' camp

BACKGROUND:Insurgent activities have displaced lots of people and compelled them to flee or leave their towns and home, making women vulnerable to morbidity and mortality. Assessing maternal health services available to pregnant women and nursing mothers in internally displaced camps can help improve their health status and reduce maternal and neonatal death.AIMS:This study aimed to assess maternal health services available and their associated factors among pregnant women and nursing mothers in an internally displaced person's camp.DESIGN:A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used for this study.METHODS:The availability sampling technique was adopted to recruit women who have assessed maternal health services in the camp. A self-structured questionnaire was utilized as the research instrument and the data were presented using descriptive statistics.RESULTS:A mean age of the respondents was 32 ± 7.18. The majority are multigravida (53.8%), with four (7.7%) having their first baby in the health facility available in the camp and the maternal health services available seem to be adequate for now, but the country may soon run out of space, because of the constant increase in the number of displaced persons.CONCLUSION:To further improve services, the study recommends that government should intervene in the funding of maternal health-care services, proper documentation of mortality rate in the camp and make an ambulance available for emergency cases.

Effects of Insurgent Activities on Post Primary Education in Borno State Nigeria

The study was on effect of insurgent activities on post primary schools in Borno state. Two objectives with two corresponding research questions and hypotheses guided the conduct of the study. Relevant literatures relating to the research questions with empirical related studies on insurgent activities were reviewed. The study adopted the Powell and Abraham theory as its theoretical framework. The survey research was employed as the design for the study. The population consist of 25,915 subjects comprising of students, teachers and school administrators from two (North & South) education zones. Four (400) hundred respondents were sampled randomly out of those population through Yamani formula. A semi structured instrument was developed by the researcher and validated by experts in educational administration and planning. The instrument was pilot tested to establish its reliability which was found to be 0.74. The instrument was then administered by the researcher with the help of two trained research assistants. The instrument was collected and analysed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, mean () and the standard deviation (SD) was employed in testing the three research questions while the z-test was employed in testing all the three null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study revealed that the causes of insurgency on post primary schools are known in Borno state, insurgency have devastating effects on students, teachers and educational administrators. The study therefore recommends among others that government should ensure equity and transparency in the distribution of resources and maintain fairness and justice in resolving conflicts and workshops on security and conflict resolution be organised for teachers, school administrators, and host communities and government should use poverty alleviation programmes to reduce unemployment crisis.

PUBLISHING AND PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES OF THE OUN IN THE EDUCATIONAL AREA OF WESTERN UKRAINE (1944–1953)

The journalistic activity of the Ukrainian nationalist clandestine in the field of education in the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR in the postwar period is analyzed. On the basis of archival documents and modern historiography, the main methods and means of implementing the ideological influence of the OUN on local youth and the pedagogical intelligentsia have been determined. The goal is to make a general review of propaganda literature for young people and materials of a pedagogical and educational nature that were distributed by the nationalist clandestine. Accordingly, the task is to determine the educational and moral foundations of insurgent literature for schoolchildren and students. In the course of the study, it was substantiated that an important component of the confrontation between the Ukrainian national liberation movement and the Stalinist regime was the educational area, and the influence on the intelligentsia and the youth largely ensured control over the entire society. It was determined that the ideological activity of the rebels in Western Ukraine had significant support and understanding from the local population. On the basis of the source material, it is shown that the publishing activity of the Ukrainian liberation movement was diverse in terms of forms, topics, and goals. In order to satisfy the intellectual needs of the youth, the underground published works on history, philosophy, literature, geography and economics. The reaction of the Soviet leadership to the publishing activities of the national forces in the educational sphere and the methods of their countermeasures, which were mainly of a repressive nature, are highlighted. It was established that the agitational and propagandistic influence of the OUN in the educational area of the Western Ukrainian region significantly complicated the establishment of Soviet power here and the spread of the communist worldview. Along with the armed struggle, the ideological, educational and publishing activities of the Ukrainian insurgents contributed to the preservation and development of the national-state idea in Ukrainian society. Keywords: educational area, OUN, ideology, propaganda, clandestine literature, Soviet power, western regions of the Ukrainian SSR.

Analysis of the Russian-Chechen conflict from a military perspective

The Russian-Chechen conflict burst out on September 6th, 1991, when the Chechen Republic proclaimed its independence from the Russian Federation. This action of the Chechens was not recognized by the authorities in Moscow, as it violated the provisions of the Russian Federation’s Constitution. Chechen leader Dudaev took a number of political and social decisions that were not well received by Russia. He dissolved the Chechen Parliament and banned any opposition to its authority. In addition, a series of persecutions began against Russians living in Chechnya. Dudaev created paramilitary groups and hired mercenaries devoted only to him. The Moscow government refused to recognize Dudaev's regime. The leaders of Chechnya refused to sign the Russian Federation Treaty, which displeased the Russians. Under these conditions, in December 1994, the Russian Army entered Chechnya to oust Dudaev. A bloody war followed, culminating in the fight between the Russians and Chechens for the capital of Chechnya, Groznya, but also with guerrilla actions carried out by Chechen paramilitary groups in the mountainous and hard-to-reach areas of their country. A peace treaty was finally signed in May 1997. Nevertheless, this proved to be short-lived, as tensions between Russia and Chechnya flared up again in August 1999, when armed groups of Chechens attacked villages in the Republic of Dagestan. Under these conditions, Vladimir Putin threatened with a new military intervention in Chechnya, which materialized in September 1999. Heavy fighting took place, ending with the Russian troops occupying the main cities in Chechnya. In spite of this, the Chechens did not surrender. They briefly seized some cities and committed numerous terrorist attacks during 2000. The forceful intervention of the Russian security forces and the elimination of the paramilitary groups’ leaders led to the gradual de-escalation of the conflict. In 2009, the Russian leader Medvedev declared that in Chechnya "life has normalized to some extent" (Chechnya profile - Timeline 2018).

In the Name of Poppy: Eradication and Counterinsurgency in Southern Mexico

This paper seeks to demonstrate that, in Mexico, the policy of eradication of poppy crops has not only been motivated by its official reason, the anti-drug fight, but also been instrumentalized for the militarization of certain regions for counterinsurgent purposes, that is, to deal with guerrilla activity. Of an empirical nature, this demonstration is based on a mixed methodology, both quantitative and qualitative, as well as on two case studies: the municipalities of Atoyac and Ayutla in the southern state of Guerrero. The main finding of the investigation lies in an anomalous concentration of eradication tasks by the army in both municipalities in the late 1990s and early 2000s, despite relatively marginal drug production. This contradiction finds an explanation beyond the poppy, in the emergence there of two new guerrillas, around the massacres of Aguas Blancas (1995) and El Charco (1998), respectively.

Частини особливого призначення в боротьбі з повстанським рухом на Волині

Метою статті є висвітлення створення радянською владою Частин особливого призначення на Волині. Визначення їх ролі в боротьбі з місцевим повстанським рухом та осередками підпільних антибільшовицьких організацій регіону. Методологія. При написанні статті використані базові принципи історичного пізнання: історизму, науковості, об’єктивності. Конкретні пошукові завдання дослідження вирішувались засобами проблемно-хронологічного (оптимальне залучення тематичної літературно-джерельної бази); історико-порівняльного (аналіз різних джерел та формування відповідних положень й висновків дослідження); критичного аналізу (критичне ставлення до різних джерел) методів. Наукова новизна полягає у комплексному дослідженні генези створення та діяльності Частин особливого призначення на Волині, їх участі в боротьбі з повстанським рухом регіону на основі неопублікованих джерел. Введено до наукового обігу і проаналізовано новий джерельний матеріал, зокрема архівні документи, важливі для розкриття проблеми. Висновки. Новостворені підрозділи ЧОН Волині активно були включені в боротьбу з повстанським рухом ще на етапі свого формування. Восени 1921 р., готуючись до Другого зимового походу влада застосувала їх для оборони основних міст на маршрутах руху повстанських груп Юрія Тютюнника. Після поразки цього походу повстанський рух регіону дещо пішов на спад. Новою загрозою для радянської влади стала підпільна антибільшовицька організація ­– Волинська повстанська армія. Участь у її ліквідації також взяли підрозділи ЧОН. Після цього повстанську діяльність продовжували лише окремі керівники і відділи. Значно активізувались кримінальні елементи. В таких умовах потреба в існуванні великих підрозділів ЧОН відпала, їх функції успішно виконували правоохоронні органи. Тому влітку 1924 р. почалось їхнє розформовування.