Guava Fruit Research Articles

Pre-storage melatonin treatment maintains cell membrane integrity, reduces fruit browning and decay incidence in guava (Psidium guajava)

An experiments were conducted during 2021–22 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the impact of melatonin (MT) on key characteristics of guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Barafkhana). Guava fruits were treated with different MT concentrations (200, 400, 600 and 800 μM) and stored at 10±1°C with 85–90% RH. The research revealed that treating with 600 μM MT notably decreased polyphenoloxidase activity by 57%, leading to delayed peel browning and also suppressed polygalacturonase (PG) activity by approximately 45% and pectine methylesterase activity by about 73%, resulting in higher firmness (5.33 N). Following a 20-days period of cold storage, significant reductions in electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide accumulation and lipoxygenase activity were observed, thereby preserving cell membrane integrity. Additionally, MT stimulated the antioxidant defense system, boosted proline content accumulation, and enhanced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. Together, these effects contributed to enhanced resistance against postharvest fungal decay (8.75%). In conclusion, MT at a concentration of 600 μM proves to be an effective postharvest treatment for maintaining texture, reducing fruit decay and extending the shelf-life of guava during cold storage.

Assessment of foliar application of nutrients on yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava)

Present study was carried out during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2020–2022 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to assess the effect of foliar application of nutrients on the yield and quality aspects of rainy season guava (Psidium guajava L.). Experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) comprised of 4 different foliar applications of zinc sulphate, viz. ZnSO4 @0% (Control); ZnSO4 @0.3%; ZnSO4 @0.6%; ZnSO4 @0.9%; and 4 foliar applications of potassium sulphate, viz. K2SO4 @0% (Control); K2SO4 @1.0%; K2SO4 @1.5%; and K2SO4 @2.0, and replicated thrice. However, foliar application of ZnSO4 @0.9% was found to be the best treatment in improving the fruit yield (46.2 kg/plant), fruit weight (135.2 g), fruit length (6.10 cm) and fruit breadth (5.64 cm) of rainy season guava (cv. L-49). Similarly, ZnSO4 @0.6% was found best for increasing the TSS (total soluble solids) (10.6 B) and ascorbic acid content (187.4 mg/100 g pulp). On the other hand, K2SO4 @2.0% increased the fruit yield (45.4 kg/plant), fruit weight (135.2 g) and ascorbic acid content (190.3 mg/100 g pulp) of guava fruit. The maximum N, P, K and Zn content for nutrient analysis in leaf was noted under foliar application of ZnSO4 @0.9% and K2SO4 @2.0%. The maximum N and Zn content in fruit was observed due to application of ZnSO4 @0.9% and maximum P and K content was observed with treatment ZnSO4 @0.6%. Similarly, K2SO4 @2.0% increased the N, P, K and Zn content of guava fruit.

Molecular Mechanisms of Increased Platelets: An In Silico of the Active Compounds in Psidium guajava

Dengue virus infection causes thrombocytopenia. Psidium guajava is widely used by people to increase platelet counts. This research aims to analyze in silico the molecular mechanisms of compounds in guava fruit in increasing platelets. The compounds in guava fruit were taken from Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, which include secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and fatty acids. Target proteins were predicted using PharmMapper. Protein interaction networks were created using STRING, visualized, and analyzed using Cytoscape. Potential target proteins were identified by topology, modularity, functional, and KEGG pathway analysis. Degree and betweenness centrality are parameters in topological analysis and the cluster with the highest score is selected as the functional module. The results showed that MAPK1, MAPK14, and AKT1 are involved in many inflammatory pathways, and MMP9 is a target protein directly involved in increasing vascular permeability. The compounds arjunolic acid, farnesene, beta-carotene, and alpha-linolenic acid inhibit MAPK1, citral, ellagic acid, palmitic acid, and oleanolic acid inhibit MAPK14, guaijaverin, pantothenic acid, and citric acid inhibit AKT1, guaijaverin and pantothenic acid inhibit MMP9. It was concluded that the bioactive compounds in guava fruit play a role in increasing platelets by inhibiting the MAPK, PI3K-Akt pathways, and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, thereby inhibiting or reducing the production and expression of inflammatory mediators and vascular permeability.

Edible Medicinal Guava Fruit (Psidium guajava L.) Are a Source of Anti-Biofilm Compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Psidium guajava is one of the most common edible medicinal plants frequently used in Malagasy traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal infections. In order to evaluate their probable antibacterial activities, three organic extracts (successive extractions by hexane, dichloromethane, and ethanol) of ripe guava fruits were assessed for their bactericidal and anti-virulence properties against P. aeruginosa PAO1. Although these three extracts have shown no direct antibacterial activity (MIC of 1000 µg/mL) and, at the non-bactericidal concentration of 100 µg/mL, no impact on the production of major P. aeruginosa PAO1 virulence factors (pyocyanin and rhamnolipids), the hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed significant anti-biofilm properties and the dichloromethane extract disrupted the P. aeruginosa PAO1 swarming motility. Bioguided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract led to the isolation and identification of lycopene and β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside as major anti-biofilm compounds. Interestingly, both compounds disrupt P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation and maintenance with IC50 of 1383 µM and 131 µM, respectively. More interestingly, both compounds displayed a synergistic effect with tobramycin with a two-fold increase in its effectiveness in killing biofilm-encapsulated P. aeruginosa PAO1. The present study validates the traditional uses of this edible medicinal plant, indicating the therapeutic effectiveness of guava fruits plausibly through the presence of these tri- and tetraterpenoids, which deserve to be tested against pathogens generally implicated in diarrhea.

Identity, Pathogenicity, and Genetic Diversity of Lasiodiplodia Species Associated with Stem-End Rot of Avocado in China.

Stem-end rot (SER) causes brown necrotic lesions in the pulp near the base of the fruit pedicel and is one of the most devastating postharvest diseases of avocados in all avocado-growing regions of the world. China's avocado industry is growing very rapidly, and the planting area is expanding, but little is known about the pathogens and genetic diversity of avocado SER. To determine the causal agents of SER, avocado fruits were sampled from the main avocado-producing areas in China during 2020 and 2021. Fungal isolates were obtained from SER symptomatic avocado fruits and identified by morphology combined with phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), and β-tubulin (TUB2) gene sequences. All 101 isolates belonged to Lasiodiplodia spp.; four Lasiodiplodia species were identified, namely, L. pseudotheobromae (59.41%), L. theobromae (24.75%), L. mahajangana (7.92%), and L. euphorbiaceicola (1.98%); and six others are classified as Lasiodiplodia sp. (5.94%). There were only slight morphological differences in colonies and conidia of these four species of Lasiodiplodia. The pathogenicity tests showed symptoms of SER, and 92.08% of the isolates exhibited a high level of virulence on avocado (disease index >70), related to the disease severity on avocado fruits. All tested isolates grew well under the temperature ranging from 23 to 33°C. There was a significant difference in mycelial growth between the four species of Lasiodiplodia after treatment with high or low temperatures. The growth of L. pseudotheobromae was the fastest at 13 to 18°C but was the lowest at 38°C (P < 0.05). The red pigment could be produced by all tested isolates after culturing for 7 days at 38°C. The mycelial growth rate was the fastest on PDA medium, and the slowest on the OMA medium but promoted spore formation (P < 0.05). In addition, the genetic diversity of pathogenic Lasiodiplodia species associated with SER collected from avocado, mango, guava, and soursop fruits was determined. A total of 74 isolates were clustered into four main ISSR groups by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean analysis, and the classification of this group was related to the host. Extensive diversity was detected in the Lasiodiplodia populations. The diverse geographical origins and host species significantly influenced the population differentiation, and most of the genetic variation occurred within populations (P < 0.001). This is the first study to identify the major pathogens of avocado SER in China, survey their occurrence and pathogenicity, and include a comparative analysis of genetic diversity with Lasiodiplodia spp. causing SER on other fruit hosts. Collectively, the Lasiodiplodia species complex affecting avocado showed high pathogenicity and diversity, while L. pseudotheobromae was the most frequently isolated species in China. The results of this study provide insights into the aspects of the epidemic of SER disease caused by Lasiodiplodia species, which will help in developing strategies for the management and control of SER in avocado.

Prevention of Anemia with Iron in Adolescent Girls

This study looked at whether iron supplementation has a role in keeping teenage girls from becoming anemic. Anemia is characterized by a reduction in hemoglobin levels, erythrocyte count, and hematocrit, which impairs the ability of circulating hemoglobin levels and erythrocytes to supply oxygen to bodily tissues. Anemia affects 50–80% of people worldwide. Anemia is more common in teenage girls (15–19 years old) than it is in fertile women (26.9%). Adolescent females are highly susceptible to anemia, which a number of reasons, such as inadequate iron intake, menstruation, and food, can cause. The body needs iron, a micronutrient, to produce hemoglobin. The literature review research technique starts with topic selection and moves on to keyword analysis, with the two keywords being iron and anemia. From 2017 to 2021, articles can be found using Indonesian through the following e-resource databases: Perpusnas, PMC, Ebsco, ProQuest, Mendelay, and Google Scholar. Thirty-four journals were excluded, leaving 111 journals for assessment. The results indicated that iron tablets were utilized in five articles, while additional guava fruit juice, vitamin C, folic acid, and protein were used in two articles. One study indicated that tempeh could raise adolescent girls' hemoglobin levels before and after the intervention, helping prevent anemia. The efficacious delivery of iron can effectively avert anemia. One way to lower the prevalence of anemia is to prevent it by eating foods high in iron and administering blood-added tablets (TTD).

A literature review on various agents which can be used as a mouthwash for effective oral care

There are various types of mouthwashes available in the market, which contains different types of ingredients in it, which are active and inactive in nature. A mouthwash can perform various functions like, it can provide an antimicrobial activity, can be used as a topical anti-inflammatory agent, as a topical analgesic and most commonly and importantly for the prevention of the occurrence of the caries in the oral cavity. Mouthwashes are the most common types of agents, which came in direct contact with the oral mucous membrane and can be absorbed directly into the blood stream. Different agents which can be used in the preparation of the oral mouthwashes are chlorhexidine, benzydamine hydrochloride, cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium benzoate, triclosan, oxygenating agents, sodium bicarbonate, alcohol, while on the other side the main content of the poly herbal mouth washes are clove, peppermint, green tea, ajwain, neem, tulsi and leaf of guava fruit. Usually, most therapeutic oral rinses or natural mouth rinses usually does not contain any alcohol or sugar or any type of artificial sweetener in it.

Guava fruit disease identification based on improved convolutional neural network

Guava fruit cultivation is crucial for Asian economic development, with Indonesia producing 449,970 metric tons between 2022 and 2023. However, technology-based approaches can detect disease symptoms, enhancing production and mitigating economic losses by enhancing quality. In this paper, we introduce an accurate guava fruit disease detection (GFDI) system. It contains the generation of appropriate diseased images and the development of a novel improved convolutional neural network (improved-CNN) that is built depending on the principles of AlexNet. Also, several preprocessing techniques have been used, including data augmentation, contrast enhancement, image resizing, and dataset splitting. The proposed improved-CNN model is trained to identify three common guava fruit diseases using a dataset of 612 images. The experimental findings indicate that the proposed improved-CNN model achieve accuracy 98% for trains and 93% for tests using 0.001 learning rate, the model parameters are decreased by 50,106,831 compared with traditional AlexNet model. The findings of the investigation indicate that the deep learning model improves the accuracy and convergence rate for guava fruit disease prevention.

White guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice ameliorated the number of spermatogenic cells in rats (Rattus Novergicus) exposed to lead acetate

White guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice ameliorated the number of spermatogenic cells in rats (Rattus Novergicus) exposed to lead acetate

Mapping of Leading Fruit Commodities in Malang District

Indonesia's economic development process is significantly influenced by the agricultural sector. The horticulture subsector is a promising industry that significantly contributes to economic development. Fruit commodities have become increasingly essential in the horticulture subsector and are in high demand by the community. This implies that the classification of a commodity as either basic or superior within the fruit sector is mostly determined by its fruit production. Conversely, commodities with lower fruit production are classified as non-base or non-primed within the sector. The objective of this study is to examine the fruit commodities that form the primary sector in Malang Regency, as well as analyse the fruit commodities that do not form the primary sector in Malang Regency. The employed data analysis method is descriptive quantitative. The findings of this study indicate that the primary or dominant fruit commodities in Malang Regency include apples, duku/langsat fruit, bananas, and salak fruit. The non-primary or non-dominant fruit commodities in Malang Regency include avocados, grapes, star fruit, durian fruit, guava fruit, large orange fruit, Siamese orange fruit, mango fruit, mangosteen fruit, passion fruit, jackfruit, pineapple, papaya, rambutan, sapodilla, soursop, and breadfruit.

Impact of foliar spray of nano-Zn and nano-Cu on biochemical characteristics of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda

Foliar spraying of nanoparticles (NPs) improves the absorption of plant nutrient application compared to traditional soil–root application, and it also enhances the yield and quality of fruits. The present study aimed to evaluate the qualitative effects of foliar sprays of two concentrations of nano-zinc and nano-copper (40 ppm, 60 ppm; 20 ppm, 30 ppm respectively), in comparison to ZnSo4 (recommended by, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana) and control (foliar spray of water) on the guava crop (var. Allahabad Safeda). The experiment was conducted at Lovely Professional University Research farm, Phagwara, Jalandhar (Punjab) by applying a simple randomized block design, with ten treatments applied as T1: control, T2: nano-Zn1, T3: nano-Zn2, T4: nano-Cu1, T5: nano-Cu2, T6: nano-Zn1+ nano-Cu1, T7: nano-Zn1+ nano-Cu2, T8: nano-Zn2 + nano-Cu1, T9: nano-Zn2 + nano-Cu2, T10: ZnSO4 (PAU recommendation) in three replications. The treatments were sprayed two times, first at the flowering stage and second when the fruit reached pea size. The nutrient spray increases the concentration of nutrients in the leaves while also affecting the biochemical parameters. The performance for total soluble solids (9.89°B), total sugars (8.74%), titratable acidity (0.98%), antioxidants (7.49%), firmness (5.71kg/cm2), non-reducing sugars (3.32%), Vitamin-C (268.90mg/100g pulp), pectin content (2.13%), reducing sugars (5.46%), and TSS/acid ratio (10.06) was superior with the application of nano-Zn2 + nano-Cu2 (T9). The application of nano-micronutrients (zinc and copper) in combination is favorable for the quality of guava fruit (Allahabad Safeda).

Unravelling Post-harvest Ripening Metabolomics of a New White Variety Guava Fruit (Cv Arka Mridula) with Special Emphasis on Phenolics and Corresponding Antioxidants.

The phenolic, antioxidant and metabolic profiling of a new white variety guava fruit Arka Mridula (AM) was performed during its storage at theroom temperature (28 ± 2 °C). The comparative profiles were generated at three ripening stages (pre-ripe, ripe and over-ripe) of the fruit. Generally, a steady decrease of the phenolic and antioxidant content from the pre-ripe to the ripe stage and a subsequent increase from the ripe to over-ripe stage was observed. Further, a powerful correlation between the phenolic content and antioxidant principles was noted through the principal component analysis. We could identify 53 compounds for the hydro-methanolic fruit extract through LC and GC-MS aided metabolic analysis, and the identified compounds were dominated by phenolics (~ 44%). The statistical analysis revealed that phytochemicals catechin, myricitrin, myricetin, kaempferol glycosides and n-hexadecanoic acid contributed significantly towards the ripening process of AM, during the storage. The present study is expected to provide important insight into the ripening biochemistry of AM. Subsequently, it may help in the future development of metabolically stable guava cultivars with extended post-harvest shelf life.

Optimized chitosan edible coating for guava and its characterization

Using the Response surface methodology (RSM), the impact of composite edible films (chitosan, tween 80) on the shelf life of guava (Psidium guajava) kept at temperature 20 ± 2 °C and 55 ± 2 % relative humidity (RH) was assessed. To determine the best possible combination, a total of 13 edible coating formulations including tween 80 (0–2 % w/v) and chitosan (0.5–2.5 %, w/v) were examined. Quality criteria such as physiological loss in weight, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity and titratable acidity of the edible coated guava were selected as response variables for optimization. It was shown that the concentration of chitosan and tween 80 in the formulation had the greatest impact on the response variables. The most effective edible coating for guava fruit was discovered to consist of chitosan 2.50 % and Tween 80 2 %; the predicted values of the response variables were ascorbic acid 232.79 mg/100 g, firmness 14.87 N, total soluble solids 5.07 °B, titratable acidity 5.75 %, and physiological weight loss 3.11 %. This study suggests that chitosan coating effectively prolongs the quality attributes of guava fruits after harvesting due to maintain firmness, ascorbic acid, and minimum loss in weight during storage. In conclusion, the innovative application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in this study has unveiled a powerful strategy for optimizing composite edible films, specifically chitosan and Tween 80, to significantly enhance the shelf life of guava fruits. Through meticulous exploration of 13 coating formulations, our findings underscore the pivotal role of chitosan and Tween 80 concentrations in influencing key quality parameters, including physiological loss in weight, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, and titratable acidity.

Comparative Mitogenomics Analysis Revealed Evolutionary Divergence among Neopestalotiopsis Species Complex (Fungi: Xylariales).

The genus Neopestalotiopsis consists of obligate parasites that cause ring spot, scab, and leaf blight diseases in higher plant species. We assembled the three complete mitogenomes for the guava fruit ring spot pathogen, Neopestalotiopsis cubana. The mitogenomes are circular, with sizes of 38,666 bp, 33,846 bp, and 32,593 bp. The comparative analyses with Pestalotiopsis fici showed that N. cubana differs greatly from it in the length of the mitogenomes and the number of introns. Moreover, they showed significant differences in the gene content and tRNAs. The two genera showed little difference in gene skewness and codon preference for core protein-coding genes (PCGs). We compared gene sequencing in the mitogenomes of the order Xylariales and found large-scale gene rearrangement events, such as gene translocations and the duplication of tRNAs. N. cubana shows a unique evolutionary position in the phylum Ascomycota constructed in phylogenetic analyses. We also found a more concentrated distribution of evolutionary pressures on the PCGs of Neopestalotiopsis in the phylum Ascomycota and that they are under little selective pressure compared to other species and are subjected to purifying selection. This study explores the evolutionary dynamics of the mitogenomes of Neopestalotiopsis and provides important support for genetic and taxonomic studies.

Postharvest Physiology and Handling of Guava Fruit.

Guavas are typical tropical fruit with high nutritional and commercial value. Because of their thin skin and high metabolic rate, guavas are highly susceptible to water loss, physical damage, and spoilage, severely limiting their shelf-life. Guavas can typically only be stored for approximately one week at room temperature, making transportation, storage, and handling difficult, resulting in low profit margins in the industry. This review focuses on the physiological and biochemical changes and their molecular mechanisms which occur in postharvest guavas, and summarizes the various management strategies for extending the shelf-life of these sensitive fruits by means of physical and chemical preservation and their combinations. This review also suggests future directions and reference ideas for the development of safe and efficient shelf-life extension techniques.

Effect of freeze drying on alpha glucosidase, angiotensin (ACE) inhibition, and nutritional properties of Lactococcus lactis-fermented guava fruit powder

Effect of freeze drying on alpha glucosidase, angiotensin (ACE) inhibition, and nutritional properties of Lactococcus lactis-fermented guava fruit powder

An assessment of the guava fruit squash’s quality in combination with papaya and herbs

An assessment of the guava fruit squash’s quality in combination with papaya and herbs

Attractancy of a Sesquiterpene, β-caryophyllene to Males of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae).

The recent discovery of a sesquiterpene, β-caryophyllene (CP) as a male attractant of the guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) prompted investigations into the attractancy of CP to the Oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis (Hendel). This is because males of both species of fruit flies are attracted to, and feed on a phenylpropanoid compound, methyl eugenol (ME). Although CP was a more potent attractant than ME for B. correcta, it is not known if males of B. dorsalis are also attracted to CP. The possible attraction of B. dorsalis to CP as a sesquiterpene may indicate its wide host range through its attraction to different groups of plant volatiles i.e., phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes. In this paper, we report that males of B. dorsalis were also attracted to, and feed on CP. Subsequently, we conducted a probit regression analysis to determine the quantal response of sexually mature male flies that were attracted to CP in cage bioassays. Therefore, as a measure of male B. dorsalis' sensitivity of CP, the median dose of CP required to elicit a positive response in 50% of the tested B. dorsalis population (ED50) was calculated as 3.7mg. This value was over 10,000x higher than known ED50 of B. dorsalis' male attraction ME (between 171 and 268 ng). We propose that the attraction of male B. dorsalis flies to CP was much weaker than to ME. Further, we suggest that in any fruit fly surveillance and monitoring programme, application of lures must consider the specificity and potency of each compound to target fruit fly species. The probit regression analysis of male fly quantal response to lure offers such information.

Species Composition of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Selected Fruit Crops in Northeastern Ethiopia

A study was conducted to characterize the species composition of fruit flies in South Wollo and North Wollo administrative zones of northeastern Ethiopia. Fruit flies were collected using two methods: rearing from infested mango, guava, and sweet orange fruits and trapping the adults with male lures and food-based attractants. Three fruit fly species were recovered from the fruits collected: Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis cosyra, and Ceratitis capitata; in addition to these species, Ceratitis fasciventris was trapped. Bactrocera dorsalis was the most abundant species and accounted for 97.9 and 78.89% of the total trapped and emerged adults, respectively. The number of B. dorsalis and C. capitata showed a significant difference among trapping locations and attractants. The highest number of B. dorsalis was trapped with methyl eugenol at Kalu (722.2 flies per trap per week). Among the indigenous fruit fly species, C. capitata was higher at Habru which was guava and coffee-dominated habitat, whereas C. cosyra was relatively higher at Kobo which is mango dominated. More adults were trapped in male lure traps (97.03%) than in food-based attractants (2.97%). Hence, fruit fly management should focus on guava and mango crops which host all the fruit fly species, including the dominant B. dorsalis.

Aplikasi Konsentrasi ZPT GA3 yang Berbeda untuk Peningkatan Kuantitas dan Kualitas Buah Jambu Air Madu Deli Hijau (Syzygium aqueum)

This study aims to determine the best concentration of ZPT GA3 to increase the quantity and quality of green deli honey water guava fruit. This research was carried out in Pancakarya Village, Ajung District, Jember Regency which was carried out from December 2021 to February 2022, with an altitude of 50 m above sea level. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK), with 5 different spraying treatments, repeated 5 times, a total of 25 research objects. The treatment studied was the concentration of GA3 (P) namely: P0 = Control, P1 = Concentration of 5 ppm , P2 = Concentration of 10 ppm, P3 = Concentration of 15 ppm, P4 = Concentration of 20 ppm. The data collected was analyzed by variance (Anova), if it was significantly different, it was continued with the BNT test at the 5% level using SPSS 20 For Windows. In determining the fruit to be sprayed using a random system. The results showed that the concentration of ZPT GA3 in the P4 treatment (concentration 20 ppm) gave optimal results for the sugar content of the fruit. GA3 concentration treatment gave results that were not significantly different for the parameters of fruit length, fruit diameter, number of perdompol fruit, fruit perdompol weight and unit weight of fruit.