Guanidine Carbonate Research Articles

The fertilizer value of some concentrated materials, particularly urea and guanidine and their nitrates and phosphates

A survey of the fertilizer value of certain highly concentrated N and NP materials, particularly salts of urea and of guanidine, which might be used as fertilizers, has been made. The evidence in the literature indicates that whilst guanidine carbonate and nitrate, especially the latter, may under certain conditions be toxic to the growth of certainc plants, under other conditions these guanidine salts have considerable fertilizer value which is, however, less than that of ammonium sulphate. Urea nitrate appears to have about the same value as guanidine nitrate. No reference to experiments with guanidine or urea phosphates could be found. Pot culture experiments were conducted with barley and mustard in acid and neutral soils to study the effects of ammonium, urea and guanidine salts, including their nitrates and phosphates, and of two extremely concentrated materials, phospham (PN2H) and phosphorus nitride (P3N5). The rate of nitrification of ammonium, urea and guanidine nitrogen were also studied in the laboratory.

THE ACTION OF THE BLOOD SERUM OF ANIMALS IN TETANIA PARATHYREOPRIVA ON MOTOR NERVE AND STRIATED MUSCLE

The serum of thyro‐parathyroidectomized dogs and cats produces some increase of excitability in the isolated nerve of the frog, but has no special effect on the contraction of isolated muscle, nor does it cause tremors in the frog's sartorius muscle.The serum of both thyroidectomized and normal dogs and cats has no effect or a very feeble (depressive or excitatory) effect on frog's nerve, thus showing itself much more inert than the serum of thyro‐parathyroidectomized animals. But on muscle the effect is the same in all.A solution of guanidine carbonate above.01 % causes some increase of nervous excitability, approaching that caused by the serum of the thyro‐parathyroidectomized animals. On muscle, guanidine carbonate solutions above .025 % show a depressive effect, while a .001 % solution produced no effect. None of the solutions of guanidine carbonate within the concentration range studied produced any spontaneous twitching in the muscle. It is already known that nerve is affected by a guanidine solution of lower concentration than affects muscles. In these experiments the muscle preparation was not denervated, so that the correct expression would be muscle with its neural elements.These experimental results taken in conjunction with the results of the ivestigations of previous workers on the problem of tetany give reason for supposing that the serum of animals in a condition of tetania parathyreopriva may contain some exciting substance which is present in just sufficient amount to affect the excitability of motor nerves but not of muscles. This conclusion is put forward with reserve, since my experiments on this subject are not yet complete.The similarity in the action on nerve and muscle of guanidine carbonate and or the serum from animals in a condition of tetania parathyreopriva lends support to the experimental conclusions adduced by previous investigators that some guanidine‐like body may be an agent in producing the hyperexcitability of peripheral motor nerves which occurs in the condition of tetany.