GSM Network Research Articles

Voice Quality Evaluation in a Mobile Cellular Network: In Situ Mean Opinion Score Measurements.

This article aims to test, measure and evaluate the quality of voice calls made in a mobile cellular network. A set of drive tests were conducted, during which logs were collected using specialized measurement terminals equipped with a dedicated voice evaluation application. Three different scenarios were considered: the first scenario consisted of a series of mobile-to-mobile calls in a circuit-switched (CS) domain over the GSM network, the second scenario involved similar calls using the VoLTE service in a packet-switched (PS) domain of a 4G network, and the third scenario employed an over-the-top (OTT) media service type via the WhatsApp application in the same PS domain of the 4G network. The measurement results highlight the user experience in each scenario and compare the voice quality evaluated through the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) across the CS and PS domains. The originality of this work consists of in situ measurements performed in Bucharest, Romania, providing detailed, context-specific insights regarding the network performance that can drive local improvements and support policy and investment decisions.

Modern Analysis Design And Implementation Of An (SMS) Application Banking

SMS –Banking is a value-added service solution that allows banked customers to be able to perform certain banking operations related to their account such as balance viewing, transfer, etc. via the mobile network operator's SMS service. The integrated platforms for these services include added values, with one part connected to the mobile network via the SS7 protocol stack and the other end to the IP network. The development of SMS-based mobile applications requires the installation of a text messaging gateway that allows interconnection between the two networks (telecommunications and computer). OZEKI is open source software. It is an SMS gateway that can receive SMS from GSM network and forward them to another network. It supports several types, allowing SMSC to be linked between them or between a GSM network and another network (IP for example). The OZEKI portal therefore makes it possible to set up value-added services. Computer Science has a dynamic computer park that allows them to develop and conduct effective research in Computer Science because information technology makes the fundamental pillar in development for the progress made in the world today as Computer Science Department students have the necessary tools for them to help in their research.

Modern Analysis Design And Implementation Of An (SMS) Application Banking

SMS –Banking is a value-added service solution that allows banked customers to be able to perform certain banking operations related to their account such as balance viewing, transfer, etc. via the mobile network operator's SMS service. The integrated platforms for these services include added values, with one part connected to the mobile network via the SS7 protocol stack and the other end to the IP network. The development of SMS-based mobile applications requires the installation of a text messaging gateway that allows interconnection between the two networks (telecommunications and computer). OZEKI is open source software. It is an SMS gateway that can receive SMS from GSM network and forward them to another network. It supports several types, allowing SMSC to be linked between them or between a GSM network and another network (IP for example). The OZEKI portal therefore makes it possible to set up value-added services. Computer Science has a dynamic computer park that allows them to develop and conduct effective research in Computer Science because information technology makes the fundamental pillar in development for the progress made in the world today as Computer Science Department students have the necessary tools for them to help in their research.

Evaluation of Handoff Drop Call Rate in GSM Network in Delta State with Dynamic Cut off Channel Allocation Scheme

This study aims at evaluating Handoff drop call rate in GSM Network using dynamic Cut off Channel Allocation Scheme by evaluating different Mobile Network Operators, MNOs, and comparing with Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC)’s Key Performance Indicator (KPI). A hybrid handoff algorithm was developed to reduce drop calls, analyze the performance of the hybridized handoff algorithm; and compare the simulated results of the hybridized algorithm with that of the existing Mobile network operators, MNOs. The current handoff failure and drop call rates of the best mobile communication network in Nigeria was evaluated and was discovered that the existing Hand off failure rate HFR per cell was 5% and the drop call rate DCR was 10%. These were above the NCC maximum target of 2%. These defects account for the unacceptable drop call rates experienced and thus negatively impact on the quality of service QoS. An optimal solution was provided by developing an enhanced and highly sensitive handoff algorithm from two different algorithms - the Entire Channel Allocation, and the Fixed Channel Allocation - while putting the Modified Reserved Channel Scheme with Guard Channel, and the Fuzzy handoff initiation method into consideration. A software known as Netbeans 7.2 was interfaced with Octave 5.1.0 and used to simulate the developed algorithm. The programme trial was made to run repeatedly for 1200s. Our simulation results indicated HFR of 3% as against 5% from that of the existing network, and DCR of 6% as against the 10% from the network. In further comparing the existing DCR with that obtained from our simulation, an average of 40% dropped calls reduction was realized. This implied that the algorithm reduced drop calls thereby enhancing connectivity and mobility management through the minimization of handoff failures.

A Real-Time System for Monitoring Vital Signs to Protect Kids' Health

Strengthening healthcare services is the first step to improving children's lives, and improving primary healthcare is a key part of this. Individuals can be involved in their healthcare by using personal health information systems, which provide engaging medical tools to the public. Our goal is to provide a smart system with a GSM network that can fully monitor the health and safety of kindergarten children. This system works using GSM technology, a computer, temperature and heartbeat sensors, and an LCD screen. When the system detects an odd temperature or heart rate, it immediately alerts the parents through the GSM network. Our younger students' health and safety are protected by this reliable method, which works well for kids of all ages and has been thoroughly tested and proven

GSM BASED SMART SWITCH

This review paper delves into the design and im- plementation of GSM-based smart switches, which offer users the ability to remotely control electrical appliances using GSM networks. These devices incorporate a SIM card to facilitate com- munication through SMS commands and phone calls, enabling remote appliance control with ease. The fundamental components of this system include a microcontroller, a GSM module, a relay, and a dedicated power supply. The microcontroller, programmed in the preferred language, plays a crucial role in command processing and relay management. It serves as the system’s central processing unit, orchestrating relay operations to facilitate appliance on/off control. This approach provides users with a cost-effective, efficient, and accessible solution for home automa- tion and appliance management. The practical applications of this technology extend beyond convenience to include enhanced security and energy efficiency. Users can remotely activate or deactivate appliances, including lighting, security gates, and doors. This review paper not only fosters a deeper understanding of electronics and GSM networks but also highlights their potential to contribute to an improved quality of life, making it a subject of great interest within the realm of IoT, home automation, and agriculture firm. Index Terms—Keywords: GSM, SMS Commands, Motor, Smart Switch, Microcontroller.

Continuous Health Monitoring System For Patients Using IoT

Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to monitor health conditions of patients after major surgeries. Information from various sensors is processed by PIC16F877A microcontroller which sends data to GSM Network with the help of IoT module. A relay is used to switch between IoT module and GSM module based on the output voltage of the sensors. The data transmitted from the microcontroller is stored on the cloud for long term storage and access. The address of the webpage used should be configured in the IoT module. Alert signal is sent to caretaker in case of emergency. This system is easy to setup with low power consumption and high performance. This system uses GSM network so can be used even in rural areas where broadband facility is not available.

Research on Road Geological Hazard Risk Assessment Model Based on Computational Deep Learning Algorithm Integrated With GIS

This paper studies the geological disaster emergency command and management system based on geographic information system. This system is for the province, city, county land resources and other aspects of the comprehensive application, the realization of real-time information display, meteorological early warning, group measurement and mass prevention, monitoring and early warning, major disaster management, prevention plan, quick report processing, emergency investigation, emergency disposal, emergency consultation and other functions. Through the GSM network, the monitoring data is sent to the monitoring center through the mobile phone, and then the monitoring center processes, stores, displays and alarms the monitoring data. Finally, B/S structure is used to build a remote Web data service publishing platform, so that it can carry out real-time monitoring at any place, and improve the speed, efficiency and intuition of high-speed slope disaster. It is proved that the method has the advantages of stable operation, accurate data, fast transmission speed and high monitoring accuracy through the practical application of a highway project foundation pit slope monitoring.

Uneven regional distribution earthquake danger zones and of cell towers and cells in Türkiye

Zoning potential danger derived from earthquakes is crucial for the development of policies dealing with the future of the cities. Determination of the potential danger zones regarding earthquakes with the telecommunication infrastructure is crucial for the development of policies dealing with the future of the cities. By utilizing the cartogram mapping technique, this paper aims to display potential earthquake danger zones with the uneven distribution of the cell towers and cells on a population cartogram for Türkiye. This is crucial for the cities regarding the future potential communication crises after disasters. Policymakers should provide and develop well-functioning communication networks (GSM networks) for the organization of aid and search and rescue operations since the collapse of the communication infrastructure renders all post-disaster processes insoluble and dysfunctional.

Building a Low-Cost Lora Gateway based on .Net Core for Fast Development and Easy Integration

In the world of IoT, it is involving many devices, each Node needs to send/receive the data from/to Datacenter. The Lora Gateway is usually used to achieve that communication. There are many ways to implement the Lora Gateway, it may use available Lora Gateway in the market. This method may be faster but need to have an extra fee, especially when many gateways are needed. Another method is by using the available GSM Network Gateway, this may lead fast but require managing Simcard at each Node. Both are less flexible as the data format needs to follow according to the standard of the Gateway which is chosen. Some methods select to build the Lora Gateway by themself, but this requires some development and integration that leads to giving extra time.
 To compensate above problem this project is involved. The aim is to prove, that it is possible to build a Low-Cost Lora Gateway based Time Division with the help of on .Net Core prgramming. As of today .Net Core can run in the Linux OS environment smoothly, hence building Lora Gateway based Time Division using on .Net Core is very possible to be done. By developing for all devices using .Net Core the communication data across the device is easy to achieve. It is because all projects in each device reference the same library that contains the same data entities and services.
 This project proves that building a Low-Cost Lora Gateway based on .Net Core is successfully done. The development and integration are relatively easy and fast. The fee to build the Lora Gateway is less compared to using available Gateway in the market or using GSM Gateway.

Analysis of the Functionality of a Mobile Network of Sensors in a Construction Project Supervision System Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This manuscript presents the results of a project related to the construction and testing of selected devices included in a space inspection and worker supervision system. The most important components of this system are a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles, a docking station for the automatic charging of many drones, monitoring sensors, and user software that integrates all components responsible for mission planning (UAV raids) and measurement data processing. All components were built according to an original solution. The main part of this manuscript is a description of tests used to verify the functionality of a sensor network for monitoring infrastructural elements and moving objects, including people working on a construction project. As part of this research, procedures for testing sensor networks under laboratory and field conditions were developed. The tests performed demonstrated the ability of the MESH network to self-organize depending on the location of the elements in the network. The system that was built ensured the transmission of data from telemetric devices during UAV flights, regardless of the coverage of terrain by other networks, such as Wi-Fi and GSM networks. Data were sent to the end user via a LAN network based on the IP protocol. The maximum range between devices forming the network and the range limitations caused by various terrain obstacles were also determined.

Assessment of Village Readiness for Electronic Citizen Complaint Services (e-AduMas) Using COBIT 4.1

The objective of this study is to investigate the implementation of the electronic community complaint service, known as e-AduMas, in villages utilizing SMS Gateway and GSM network technologies. The research aims to evaluate both the technological readiness of village offices using COBIT 4.1 and the community's acceptance of the e-AduMas system. The study employs a comprehensive research methodology that includes the analysis of community needs, the design of the e-AduMas system, the development of an integrated SMS Gateway application with the village government platform, and field testing involving active participation from the village community. Data will be collected through surveys, interviews, and observations to assess the level of implementation success, user response, and technical feasibility. The anticipated outcomes of this research include practical guidance for other villages looking to construct similar systems to enhance citizen participation in local governance. This study is poised to make a significant contribution to the application of technology in village governance, specifically in the development and utilization of the e-AduMas service. The findings of this research are expected to provide valuable insights for strengthening citizen engagement in local governance through innovative technological solutions.

РАЗРАБОТКА АЛГОРИТМА ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ АППАРАТНОГО МОДУЛЯ СИСТЕМЫ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ ВЕДОМСТВЕННЫХ АЗС

The issue of developing an algorithm for operating the hardware module of the departmental petrol station automa-tion system is considered. The paper gives the development features related to the system hardware implementation, which accounts and controls fuel consumption, analyses fuel level in the tank, provides service only to the authorised users, and also allows controlling the system remotely. The hardware part is implemented as a control terminal. The authors present the main stages of the algorithm development, including the system structure examination, the criteria development, the control scheme determination, the algorithm for operating the petrol station terminal, regulated by the operating mode cycle, taking into account the functional state of the system parameters. When developing the al-gorithm, the structural implementation features of the hardware module are taken into account, the parameters for using the GSM network, the freeRTOS operating system are determined, and the online payment card structure in the MIFARE card format is developed. A development peculiarity is that the developed algorithm for the terminal opera-tion can be adapted to the structure of any automated filling system without modifications.

Experimental Assessment of Electromagnetic Fields Inside a Vehicle for Different Wireless Communication Scenarios: A New Alternative Source of Energy

The search for new energy sources in the 21st century is a crucial topic with an essential economic and societal meaning. Today, energy from electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is considered a promising new energy source for ultra-low-power consumption devices, such as wearable devices and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. The research goal of this study was to experimentally evaluate the electric field (E-field) inside a compact car for several realistic wireless communication scenarios and to explore the possibility of using these EMFs in energy-harvesting applications. For each scenario, we performed measurements of E-fields in an urban area, in two cases: when the car was in an open space without a direct line of sight to a base station, and when the car was in underground parking. The results show that the highest measured value of the electric field appeared during the voice calls via the GSM network. Moreover, the maximum measured values of the electric field during a UMTS, LTE and 5G voice call were five to six times lower than those in the GSM network.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pengamatan Gas Radon Menggunakan Rn53 Stk

Radon (Rn222) is a radioactive element derived from Uranium (U238) which emits alpha particles in its decay process. Detection of radon gas is important because it is not harmful to health. Besides being harmful to health, radon detection is also carried out to determine changes in radon gas related to seismic activity. The Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) conducts observations of radon gas concentrations to determine changes in seismic activity. The design of the radon gas measurement instrument using the RN53 sensor is to monitor radon gas concentrations at the location and can be sent via the GSM network to the Thingspeak platform. The design of this instrument using the RN53 sensor has a correction of -92.90 Bq/m3, so it is necessary to make adjustments as well as calibration and comparisons again. The observations from the system are displayed on the LCD, stored on the microSD, and sent to Thingspeak.

A Real-Time Monitoring System for the Elderly based on the GSM Network

Infectious illnesses are more prevalent and harmful in older adults because to functional, demographic, and immunological changes brought on by aging. Treatment for these disorders is complicated by aging organ systems. Given that many seniors have multiple illnesses and take multiple medications, antimicrobial therapy for them should be carefully chosen to prevent drug interactions and other issues. Thus, it is important to keep an eye on the health of elderly people. In this research, we tracked elderly patients using a clever technique. The device includes a microprocessor, temperature sensor, pulse sensor, LCD display, and GSM module. The temperature and pulse of the elderly are shown on an LCD monitor. The system may notify emergency services if the pulse and temperature data go over the permitted limitations. The method was successfully tested on a large number of elderly persons.

DYNAMIC PRESSURE MONITORING USING A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

This study introduces the build out and implementation of a wireless sensor network that was used to monitor dynamic pressure of water flowing inside a pipe against leak. At 5 chosen points along a prototype water pipeline, pressure sensors (HK1100C) were used to collect pressure data and its voltage data equivalent. Five locally designed and constructed field sensor nodes made up of pressure sensors, Ardiuno boards containing an 8-bit ATmega328P microcontrollers, GSM SIM800L modules, and power sources were used to process and analyze the pressure data such that when the pressure data falls below 9psi, 9.5psi, 10psi, 10.5psi, and 11psi respectively at the 5 chosen points, the information is processed by the Ardiuno boards containing an 8-bit Atmega328P microcontrollers and then passed on to the GSM SIM800L modules of respective field sensor nodes which then transmit these information as radio waves to the master sensor node of the network that has an LCD JHD162 module and a buzzer.. The received radio waves were converted back into electrical signals by the transceiver contained in the GSM SIM800L module of the master sensor node and used to power the LCD and buzzer to indicate ‘low pressure’ and sound an alarm simultaneously. The location of the pressure drop is identified and the cause rectified by trained personnel. SIM cards of chosen GSM networks were inserted into the various GSM SIM800L modules contained in the sensor nodes (fields and master nodes) for communication. Also, an experiential evaluation of the relationship between leaks and pressure variations was carried out at one of the chosen 5 points along the prototype water pipeline.

Artificial Intelligent for Smart home Control Based on GSM Network Application

In our modern science and digital technological revolution, to provide information and services to manage the state of the elements around us, where Eternity is things that unite everything in the world under one infrastructure, including things, people, places and processes. In smart grid operations, we focus on increasing cost and efficiency through load management and control. To regulate all load/power controllers at each end of the customer, this prototype demand-side control system uses a centralized system with a power management module. At each client end, a data entry scheme is used to retransmit load scheduling requests: GSM is used for wireless data transmission between multiple devices. Several loads, an Arduino Uno, relay modules, current sensors, and a target to control four electronic devices or home lighting by sending a message containing a word that is compared to the word written in the code stored in the microcontroller. If the words match, an LED is required on one of the Adriano ports so that each LED represents a specific replacement candidate. We can easily change the word written in the code using the Adriano software. The system is implemented with a high time response, so all readings are updated and appear spontaneously. The developed system should be Efficient, safe and fast. The smart home system must be implemented in real time

Design and Implementation of an Efficient Smart Digital Energy Meter

In this research, the development of digital prepaid energy meters for homes and businesses that use GSM technology is discussed. The reduction of billing cost electricity wastage is the primary goal of prototype development. The GSM module is used to receive short messaging service (SMS) from the user's mobile phone, which automatically enables the controller to take any further action, such as to help the consumer save money by using prepaid energy meter systems offered by power generation and distribution companies. Embedded C is used to integrate the system's microcontroller and GSM network interface. The integration was carried out using Easy EDA software. When the balance on the energy meter falls too low, the system sends the consumer an SMS. Consumer research is then lacking, leaving power without. After getting the SMS command, the Consumer then balances his or her investigation. Therefore, each item facilitates the usage of electrical power in homes and businesses. The prepaid energy meter is then turned ON or OFF by the microcontroller unit, which subsequently automatically controls the electrical power to homes and businesses. In other words, it responds to the message it receives by reading it from the cell phone and controlling the equipment accordingly.

A multi-species evaluation of digital wildlife monitoring using the Sigfox IoT network

Bio-telemetry from small tags attached to animals is one of the principal methods for studying the ecology and behaviour of wildlife. The field has constantly evolved over the last 80 years as technological improvement enabled a diversity of sensors to be integrated into the tags (e.g., GPS, accelerometers, etc.). However, retrieving data from tags on free-ranging animals remains a challenge since satellite and GSM networks are relatively expensive and or power hungry. Recently a new class of low-power communication networks have been developed and deployed worldwide to connect the internet of things (IoT). Here, we evaluated one of these, the Sigfox IoT network, for the potential as a real-time multi-sensor data retrieval and tag commanding system for studying fauna across a diversity of species and ecosystems. We tracked 312 individuals across 30 species (from 25 g bats to 3 t elephants) with seven different device concepts, resulting in more than 177,742 successful transmissions. We found a maximum line of sight communication distance of 280 km (on a flying cape vulture [Gyps coprotheres]), which sets a new documented record for animal-borne digital data transmission using terrestrial infrastructure. The average transmission success rate amounted to 68.3% (SD 22.1) on flying species and 54.1% (SD 27.4) on terrestrial species. In addition to GPS data, we also collected and transmitted data products from accelerometers, barometers, and thermometers. Further, we assessed the performance of Sigfox Atlas Native, a low-power method for positional estimates based on radio signal strengths and found a median accuracy of 12.89 km (MAD 5.17) on animals. We found that robust real-time communication (median message delay of 1.49 s), the extremely small size of the tags (starting at 1.28 g without GPS), and the low power demands (as low as 5.8 µAh per transmitted byte) unlock new possibilities for ecological data collection and global animal observation.