Growth Time Research Articles

Nanostructured Channel for Improving Emission Efficiency of Hybrid Light-Emitting Field-Effect Transistors.

We report on the mechanism of enhancing the luminance and external quantum efficiency (EQE) by developing nanostructured channels in hybrid (organic/inorganic) light-emitting transistors (HLETs) that combine a solution-processed oxide and a polymer heterostructure. The heterostructure comprised two parts: (i) the zinc tin oxide/zinc oxide (ZTO/ZnO), with and without ZnO nanowires (NWs) grown on the top of the ZTO/ZnO stack, as the charge transport layer and (ii) a polymer Super Yellow (SY, also known as PDY-132) layer as the light-emitting layer. Device characterization shows that using NWs significantly improves luminance and EQE (≈1.1% @ 5000 cd m-2) compared to previously reported similar HLET devices that show EQE < 1%. The size and shape of the NWs were controlled through solution concentration and growth time, which also render NWs to have higher crystallinity. Notably, the size of the NWs was found to provide higher escape efficiency for emitted photons while offering lower contact resistance for charge injection, which resulted in the improved optical performance of HLETs. These results represent a significant step forward in enabling efficient and all-solution-processed HLET technology for lighting and display applications.

Experiences and Unmet Needs of Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of a Brain Tumor (Aged 15–39 Years)

Background Brain tumors account for 15% of all adolescent and young adult cancers, and survivors are at risk of ongoing late effects that can severely impact their ability to reach independence. Despite follow-up initiatives advocating a personalized approach, survivors continue to experience ongoing sequelae. A better understanding of the survivorship experience is required to ensure services are able to deliver personalized support. Objective The aim of this systematic search and meta-ethnography was to identify and synthesize qualitative studies to better understand the experiences, perspectives, and needs of adolescent and young adult brain tumor survivors. Methods Five databases were searched using predefined criteria, studies were independently screened by two researchers, and those meeting inclusion criteria were synthesized. Results Twenty-seven studies were synthesized, generating 2 main themes, each with subthemes: (1) individual factors impacting resilience, namely, positive coping styles, managing emotions, and family functioning, and (2) cancer-related factors that challenge the individual, namely, living with societal expectations and barriers to coping. Conclusion The conceptual framework illustrates the challenges and resilience of survivors along the continuum from adolescence to adulthood, reflecting the needs of this age group in 1 model, despite it being a time of rapid growth. The lack of awareness of potential physical and emotional late effects challenges individual resilience, which is further challenged when significant milestones cannot be reached. Implications for Practice There is a role for follow-up services to identify and address unmet needs, provide better information to equip survivors to manage late effects, and support families, particularly those who underwent more intensive treatment.

Robust Synthesis of Large‐Area PtSe2 Microbelts by Step‐Induced Separation Growth on Au(001) Substrate for The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

AbstractPlatinum selenide (PtSe2), an emerging 2D material, has attracted extensive attention owing to its wide‐tunable bandgap and ultrahigh conductivity for potential applications in optoelectronic and energy devices. However, the preparation of atomically thin PtSe2 remains a big challenge due to its large formation energy. Herein, the robust synthesis of large‐area ultrathin PtSe2 microbelts via a step‐induced separation growth strategy on Au(001) substrate is demonstrated. Thanks to the high controllability of this approach, the continuous modulation of the thickness of PtSe2 microbelts from monolayer to bulk is realized and the sample coverage from ≈5% to ≈100% by coordinately tuning the growth temperature and time. Theory calculations indicate that the significant reduction of formation energy of PtSe2 nucleation at the Au steps, along with the high‐efficiency separation‐supply of Pt precursor, are responsible for the robust synthesis of PtSe2. Owing to the rich‐edges with abundant active sites and metallic conduction features of ultrathin PtSe2 microbelt, it can act as an excellent electrocatalyst, featured with a record high hydrogen evolution reaction efficiency (Tafel slope: 37 mV dec−1). This work provides new insights into the highly efficient synthesis of large‐scale 2D materials for exploring their unique physics and fascinating applications.

Plasmonic filter paper for preconcentration, separation and SERS detection harmful chemicals in chili product by fluid flow

We proposed a triple functional SERS substrate by immobilized Ag nanoparticles on the surface of filter paper. The high dense Ag nanoparticles were distributed on the SERS substrate via in-situ growth process. By optimizing the parameter in preparation process, the optimal filter paper SERS substrate was fabricated by using 30 mM of AgNO3 with 20 S growth time. Due to capillary-effect wicking of cellulose fiber, the paper SERS substrate provide simple, fast and pump-free function for transferring analyte onto sharp tip through development of fluid. The fluid flow also brings target concentrate effect within the tip area. Furthermore, the separation feasibility was obtained during the development process of fluid. The preconcentrated effects not only enhanced the SERS signal of analyte, but also improve the fluorescence visible effect. The filter paper SERS substrate was successfully used for separating, concentrating and detecting Sudan dye from chili product, the detection limit could achieve 10−6 M. This study developed a portable, cost-effective and eco-friendly SERS substrate for separating and detecting trace chemical in food.

P-Type LaCuOS films grown by PLD using a quaternary target fabricated by a two-step solid-state reaction/sulfurization process

A LaCuOS target was obtained through a two-step route: first, the synthesis of the CuLaO2 compound by solid-state reaction, and subsequently its sulfurization under a sulfur atmosphere. The LaCuOS powder was used to deposition films by pulsed laser deposition at different growth times: 10, 15, 20, and 25 min. The films were deposited in vacuum at a substrate temperature of 400 °C and a wavelength of 266 nm. The structural characterization showed that the dislocation density and stress in LaCuOS films increase as the deposition time increases. The LaCuOS films exhibit optical transmittance of 52–81 % in the visible region. Electrical measurements indicate high values of hole mobility and carrier densities up to 1019 cm−3, with a p-type electrical conductivity of 0.74 S/cm; these properties suggest that LaCuOS films have the potential to be integrated as transparent material in devices.

Facile preparation of Ni@C/hierarchically porous carbon nanocomposites with excellent electrochemical performance from Ni-MOF/porous polymers

High performance supercapacitors are significant for the practical application of the novel renewable energies. Comparisons suggest that hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) is a fairly promising type for application since it combines high power density and high energy density. In this study, hierarchically porous carbons (HPCs) supported Ni@C nanoparticles (Ni@C/HPCs) were obtained by pyrolyzing the precursors of Ni-based MOF/porous polymers (Ni-MOF/polyHIPEs) which were prepared by high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) polymerization followed with solvothermal Ni-MOF growing. The composition and morphology of the Ni@C/HPCs can be controlled by changing the growth time of Ni-MOF. The optimized sample Ni@C/HPC-15 demonstrates a high specific capacity of 215.0 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a high rate performance of 82.3% when the current density increases from 1 A g−1 to 10 A g−1. Furthermore, Ni@C/HPC//HPC HSC was assembled and achieved an energy density of 40.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 747.2 W kg−1. In particular, the assembled HSC exhibited a remarkable initial capacitance retention of 86.3% after 5000 cycles at 6 A g−1. The reported convenient method may provide inspiration in the preparation and optimization of HPC-based electrode materials with satisfactory performances for energy storage.

Boosting Conductive Loss and Magnetic Coupling Based on "Size Modulation Engineering" toward Lower-Frequency Microwave Absorption.

The rational design of absorber size is a promising strategy for obtaining excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. However, achieving controllable tuning of the material size through simple methods is challenging and the associated EMW attenuation mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the sizes of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are successfully tailored by changing the growth time and the molar ratio of iron (Fe)/organic ligands. The lateral and verticallengths of MOFs vary in the range of 200nm to 2µm and 100nm to 1µm, respectively. Both experiments and simulations confirm that the decrease of MOF size favors the formation of more conductive networks, which is beneficial for improving the conductivity loss. Meanwhile, the micromagnetic simulation reveals that the magnetic coupling can be effectively enhanced by the decrease of MOF size, which is conducive to the improvement of magnetic loss, especially in low-frequency range. The reflection loss of Fe-based MOFs with optimized size reaches -46.4dB at 6.2GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.1GHz. This work illustrates the important role of size effect in EMW dissipation and provides an effective strategy for enhancing the low-frequency EMW absorption performance.

Study of Thermal Requirements for the Development of Two-Spotted Mites Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acariformes: Tetranychidae), Reared on Castor Leaves (Ricinus communis L.) Under Laboratory Conditions

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acariformes: Tetranychidae) is an important pest affecting several important oil crops in Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum temperature and calculate the necessary heat units for the time of development of the duration of these mites stages. The application was carried out in incubators with different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 +2 °C), relative humidity (50-60 +5%) and light: 8: 16 hours dark period on the lower surface of the grown castor leaves. newly. The results showed that the development time of the egg incubation, the larval stage, the first nymphal(protonymph) stage (active + quiescence), and the second nymphal (deutonymph) stage (active + quiescence) at temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C. It decreased gradually with increasing temperature. Moreover, the egg incubation period was 8.533 and 2.067 days, the larval stage (active + quiescence) 5.821 and 1.298 days, the first nymph (protonymph) (active + quiescence) 5.521 and 1.309 days, and the second nymph (deutonymph) (active + quiescence) 5.417 and 1.150. days to the effect of 15 and 35 degrees Celsius. In addition, the development time from egg to adult was 24.972 and 5.833 days at 15 and 35 °C, respectively. The temperature threshold was 9.763, 10.693, 9.543, 10.314, and 9.957 degrees Celsius, respectively. Finally, the accumulated heat units required for the growth time of each mite cycle differed according to the different temperature threshold and growth time and the mite could not grow and develop at 10 and 40 °C.

Modern Forms of Occupational Health and Safety Training as a Factor Influencing the Development of Safe and Health-Promoting Behavior Among Employees

Abstract In times of strong economic growth, one of the elements of a company's competitiveness is innovation. It determines a company's development and its success. Appropriate innovation management within a company is determined by specific activities in the areas of research, planning, implementation, diffusion and control. Innovation can relate to products, processes, organization and marketing. In the area of occupational health and safety, there are many innovations that improve the quality and productivity of work and have an impact on occupational health and safety. This paper presents the results of a study conducted using a survey of companies that use modern forms in the area of training to improve safety in their companies. The survey was conducted at the end of 2022 in 25 SME companies in the Silesian Voivodeship. The results of the survey were compared with trends in Poland and worldwide, based on publicly available reports and communications. The aim of the article is to highlight the level of training related to occupational health and safety and the demand for innovative forms of such training. Health and safety training is the cornerstone of creating safe work awareness in employees. Surveys of Polish companies indicate major problems in this area. According to Polish employees, training is boring, overloaded with theory and rarely deals with the practical side of work. This paper identifies modern forms of health and safety training and assesses the impact on safe employee behavior in the workplace. The results confirmed that there is a great need for modern training methods to improve the level of occupational safety in enterprises.

Deposition of diamond films by microwave plasma CVD on 4H-SiC substrates

Diamond films were deposited on 4H-SiC substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The substrate pretreatment method of electrostatic adsorption of seed crystals by nanodiamond suspensions was used, and the nucleation density of diamond on the substrate surface reached 1010/cm2 compared with ultrasonic seed crystals of diamond micro-powder suspensions, and continuous dense diamond films were formed in a shorter growth time. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the changes of diamond grain morphology and quality with methane concentration, deposition time and substrate temperature during the growth process. The experimental results show that the methane concentration, deposition time and substrate temperature are the key factors affecting the grain shape and quality of diamond. And the best quality of diamond film is obtained at 850 °C substrate temperature.

Older adults deserve better in society

This article provides a developmental perspective of late life, a time of growth in some areas and decline in others. In contrast to younger adults, who go through a process of expansion, productivity, and mastery, older adults increasingly experience reduced rather than expanded choices and capabilities, including many losses and a heightened awareness of death. However, they have distinct opportunities to sustain a balanced relational involve- ment (including interpersonal and group attachment), grow as a person, and achieve a sense of self-continuity and ego-integrity. This article aims to encourage healthcare professionals (including attachment-based and relational psychotherapists), and the public by and large, to reflect upon and overcome their own internalised prejudices towards old age, as well as to become more familiar with the developmental tasks of this stage in the life cycle, including life review processes. It also aims to inspire older adults to live as healthily as possible all the way to the very end.

Synthesis of Zn2SnO4 particles and the influence of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of Zn2SnO4 films deposited by spraying nanoinks

This work presents the results of the study of structural, substructural and optical properties of Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles (NPs) and films. NPs synthesized by the hydrothermal method during 28 h were chosen to form a nanoink from which films were obtained by spraying the solution it on glass substrates. Obtained Zn2SnO4 films were annealed in Argon atmosphere at Ta = (250–500) °C for 30 min and 60 min to remove organic impurities and optimize the film's physical properties. Since the choice of mineralizer determines a number of important characteristics of nanoparticles, a comprehensive study of the obtained samples grown using KOH as a mineralizer was conducted. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, high-resolution transmission (HRTEM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy, Raman and optical spectroscopy. Analysis of morphology showed that synthesized films have a [220] growth texture with inverse spinel structure and consist of NPs, the size of which increases with the annealing temperature (Ta). It was identified that the size of the coherent scattering domain (CSD) in the sample increases with increasing Ta, while the level of microdeformations decreases. Raman spectra showed F2g(2), F2g(3) and A1g modes corresponding to the structure of inverse spinel Zn2SnO4. It is found, that the optical bandgap Eg of NPs decreases from 4.02 eV to 3.85 eV with an increase in growth time. On another hand, the optical bandgap Eg of films decreases with an increase in annealing temperature, Ta, from 4.04 eV to 3.63 eV.

Efficacy Evaluation of a Tetracyclic Triterpene Compound Targeting Multiple Apoptosis Proteins for the Development of a Multiple Myeloma Treatment

Introduction:Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic cancer that originates in plasma cells and occurs primarily in older patients over 60. This study screened for hit compounds for MM treatments targeting mitochondria and apoptosis proteins. Further, non-clinical testing, including molecular docking analysis, was performed. Methods: Based on our previous studies, candidate compounds targeting mitochondria were screened (www.medchemexpress.com). The killing effect of the compounds on MM cell lines (RPMI8226, IM9, and U266) was examined using a sulforhodamine B assay. Apoptosis mechanisms were investigated in vitro. Complex immunocompromised mice were established by injecting RPMI8226-RFP-FLuc cells through the tail vein. Efficacy of the KBB-N2 activity was assessed following intraperitoneal (15 or 30 mg/kg/day) and tail vein (7 mg/kg/day) infusions for three days a week at daily intervals. Toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and molecular docking analyses were performed according to the established protocols. Results: The hit compound, KBB-N2, a tetracyclic triterpene, was identified as an MM-targeted compound with cytotoxic effects. The primary mechanism of action of KBB-N2 in MM cells was inhibiting the activity of the mitochondrial electron transport (ETC) complex, resulting in the generation of excess intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to tumor cell death by ROS-mediated apoptosis. In addition, exposure to KBB-N2 inhibited the activity of catalase, a powerful antioxidant enzyme in MM cells. Severe suppression of normal hematopoietic stem cell function was observed with lenalidomide administration at a concentration of 25 μM. However, this toxicity was not observed when KBB-N2 was administered at doses up to 60 μM. KBB-N2 activity involves PARP cleavage and caspase activation in the apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, KBB-N2 inhibited cell growth and exerted cytotoxicity. KBB-N2 induced apoptosis by activating the P53 apoptosis pathway in MM cells. In vivo, all untreated tumor-bearing mice showed rapid tumor growth and severe plasmacytomas, which led to death within seven weeks. Mice treated with KBB-N2 had significantly inhibited tumor growth and longer survival times. The molecular docking assay revealed the optimal docking conformation binding energy of KBB-N2 with docking scores (kcal/M) of -7.3 and -9.8 for ETC complexes I and III, respectively. Conclusions: The triterpene compound, KBB-N2, was identified as a hit compound and may act as a targeted agent for MM treatment. The antimyeloma activity of KBB-N2 involves interference with the ETC complex and leads to MM cell death.

Growth kinetics of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus casei in liquid culture medium containing as prebiotics inulin or fructose.

Predictive microbiology is a tool that allows us to evaluate the behavior of the concentration of biomass and estimated cells under extrinsic conditions, providing scientific and industrial benefits. In the present study, the growth of L. lactis and L. casei combined with inulin and fructose was modeled using the Gompertz sigmoidal growth functions and plotted using data obtained from batch culture in relation to biomass and cell concentration expressed as estimates in ln N (OD600nm and cells mL-1 ) as a function of time. The results of the kinetic modeling indicated that (T1) A1B1 = L. lactis + fructose and (T4) A2B2 = L. casei + inulin presented the best function coefficients and best fits in most cases compared to the rest. The specific growth rate of the maximum acceleration was from 0.364 to 0.473 h-1 and 0.100 to 0.129 h-1 , the concentration of bacterial cells (A) was from 0.556 to 0.713 and 0.425 to 0.548 respectively and the time where (μ) occurred with a greater magnitude (L) fluctuated between 0.854 and 0.802 and when this time in (L) is very fast, it presents values of ≤0.072 to ≤0.092. Its coefficient of determination and/or multiple regression (R2 ) obtained in the two adjustments was 0.97. It was possible to predict the influence of the carbon source on the behavior of maximum growth rates, higher consumption due to nutrient affinity and shorter growth time. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Comparative Assessment of Nutritional Metabolites in Yellow Soybeans at Different Growth Years and Their Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Properties

With regard to obtaining valuable information on the development of new breeding lines and functional agents, the present study was the first to demonstrate variations in nutritional metabolites and biological properties in yellow soybeans at three growth years. Three metabolites (fatty acid, amino acid, isoflavone) exhibited significant differences between cultivars and growth years; specifically, linoleic acid, glutamic acid, and malonylgenistin displayed the highest average contents at 38.7 mg/g, 59.9 mg/100 g, and 992.6 μg/g, exhibiting predominant changes in the range of 21.6–61.2 mg/g, 34.3–113.3 mg/100 g, and 455.8–1778.9 μg/g, respectively. Moreover, the biofunctional effects differed remarkably in the order ABTS &gt; α-glucosidase &gt; DPPH at 500 μg/mL (50% methanol extracts). The TPC, TFC, DNA protection, and FRAP ratios also showed remarkable changes in cultivars across growth times. Interestingly, the Daepung cultivar may be considered an alternative source for the development of new soybeans and nutraceutical foods due to its high metabolites (average contents, fatty acid: 80.8 mg/g; amino acid: 353.8 mg/100 g; isoflavone: 4048.2 μg/g) and excellent beneficial activities (75.1% ABTS, 52.5% DPPH, 100% DNA protection, 73.1% α-glucosidase, 1.54 OD593 nm FRAP at 500 μg/mL). Our observations may contribute to providing valuable information on the relationship between metabolites and the biological properties of yellow soybeans.

Implementation Model of Character Education Values in the Islamic Boarding School System

School is a time of character growth, which greatly determines a person's moral and intellectual foundations throughout his life. To build students' personalities, education must have a mission that shapes students' personalities. Character education basically focuses on building students who are cultured and dignified. All characters can change, and education is needed to change character. Using qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. Basically, the results of the research show that both Islamic boarding schools both implement the character education values ​​proclaimed by the Ministry of National Education, namely values ​​originating from religion, which in this case is Islam, Pancasila, culture, which are in accordance with the objectives of national education, namely: ( 1). Religious, (2). Honestly, (3). Tolerance, (4). Discipline, (5). Hard work, (6). Creative, (7). Independent, (8). Democratic, (9). Curiosity, (10). National spirit, (11). Love of the homeland, (12). Appreciating achievements, (13). Friendly/communicative, (14). Love peace, (15). Likes to read, (16). Care for the environment, (17). Social care, and (18). Responsibility. Supporting factors in implementing the character education model are: The presence of parental participation, Motivation, Leadership, and commitment to cooperation between the Islamic boarding school and parents, while the inhibiting factors in implementing the character education model are: Still minimal attention from parents, Insufficient environment. support, and limited supervision from teachers, caregivers and parents.

Sustainable permeable biobarriers for atrazine removal in packed bed biofilm reactors

The synergy between two supported bacterial biofilms of S. equisimilis and P. putida and a sustainable biocarrier (raw pine) was studied, working both as biobarriers for the treatment of water contaminated with atrazine. Firstly, the effects of ATZ exposure on bacterial growth were evaluated, with Gram-positive S. equisimilis being a more tolerant bacterium to higher amounts of the herbicide. The bioremoval of ATZ by S. equisimilis concentrated biomass was then assessed, reaching around 83.5% after 15 days due to the potential degradation by the biomass and biosorption by the solids, with overlapping of both mechanisms. The optimization of bacterial biofilm attachment onto raw pine prior to bioremoval assays in lab-scale packed bed biofilm reactors was performed by varying initial biomass concentration, inocula growth time and hydrodynamic conditions. Lastly, the optimized biosystems were tested as sustainable remediation designs to treat water contaminated with the selected herbicide. Results reveal an added beneficial effect towards the bioremoval of atrazine using supported biofilms onto raw pine, reaching 90.42% and 79.71% by S. equisimilis and P. putida biofilms, respectively, over 58.31% increase when compared to sorption on fixed bed of pine. The coupling of biosorption/biodegradation favors the bioremoval process significantly.

Two-phase flow in a supersonic separator for carbon capture

This work investigates a possible approach of carbon capture and two-phase flow involved. The nonequilibrium condensation, high velocity flow and shock wave in decarbonization process are described by a mathematical model. The separator is optimized through the calculations. The results show that the nonequilibrium state makes CO2 in flue gas condense spontaneously, and the system does not transfer to the equilibrium state instantly when condensation nuclei appear, but gradually turn to the equilibrium state after nucleation rate reaches the maximum. The separator with a larger separation angle is the first to condense, and the liquefied CO2 content is higher, while separator with a smaller angle produces larger droplets. Reducing the contraction ratio makes the shock wave move to the exit, and obtain higher liquid content and larger droplets. In practice, increasing the separation section length equates to a longer droplet growth time, which facilitates carbon liquefaction and separation.

Fractional Factorial Design to Evaluate the Synthesis and Electrochemical Transfer Parameters of h-BN Coatings

In this study, we present a fractional factorial design approach for exploring the effects and interactions of key synthesis and electrochemical transfer parameters on the roughness and wettability of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) coatings, due to their essential role in biofilm formation. The studied parameters for the synthesis process include precursor mass, growth time, and substrate conditioning, whereas for the transfer process, applied voltage and aqueous medium concentration were studied. Through this polynomial model, we confirmed the strong influence of precursor mass and medium concentration parameters on h-BN surface roughness and its resulting antibiofilm properties.

Rapid Dust Growth during Hydrodynamic Clumping due to Streaming Instability

Streaming instability is considered to be one of the dominant processes in promoting planetesimal formation by the gravitational collapse of dust clumps. The development of streaming instability is expected to form dust clumps in which the local dust density is strongly enhanced and even greater than the Roche density. The resulting clumps can collapse to form planetesimals. Recent simulations showed that such strong clumping occurs in a wider parameter space than previously expected. However, the indicated timescale for strong clumping can be on the order of tens to hundreds of Keplerian periods. In this paper, we estimate the growth time of dust grains during the pre-clumping phase. We find that the dust growth proceeds considerably before the strong clumping because even the moderate clumping due to streaming instability increases the local dust-to-gas ratio to ≳10. Depending on the sound speed, the dust collision velocity can be kept below ∼1 m s−1 once sufficiently strong dust clumping occurs. Thus, even silicate grains might have the potential to grow safely toward the size whose Stokes number is unity during the clumping. Our results demonstrate the importance of local dust coagulation during dust clumping due to streaming instability.