Surge In Growth Research Articles

Geographic Mobility and Consumer Financial Health: Evidence from Oil Production Boom Towns

One way a household might handle financial distress is to relocate to another area that offers greater income opportunities. This article examines the impact of geographic mobility on consumer finances by focusing on the residents of "boom towns"—areas that saw a surge of growth in oil-drilling activity around 2010 and a bust thereafter. We find that residents who move after the bust experience stronger consumer financial health than residents who stay put.

Macroeconomic uncertainty and “global” economic performance

PurposeThis study aims to explore potential paradigm shift in how “global economies” react to adverse macroeconomic conditions from key dominant economies such as the US and the Chinese economies. This is done by examining how economic activities within key economies around the world react to, or are impacted by, modeled adverse macroeconomic condition emanating from the Chinese and the US economies.Design/methodology/approachTo verify potential paradigm shift in how external macroeconomic uncertainty impacts “global” industrial productivity and overall gross domestic product (GDP) growth within selected economies, this study opts for seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model. Adoption of this method has been influenced by the potential for correlated error terms between modeled adverse macroeconomic condition, industrial productivity and GDP growth variables being tested in a two-equation system.FindingsEmpirical results based on SUR analysis find no evidence of this potential paradigm shift within the time frame examined in the study. Estimated results suggest that notwithstanding the recent growth surge of the Chinese economy, macroeconomic happenings within the US economy still exert significantly more influence on key economies around the world. For instance, this study finds that macroeconomic uncertainty associated with the US economy significantly constrains both industrial productivity and overall GDP growth within most of the economies tested, whereas the same condition emanating from the Chinese economy seems to rather have a weak positive impact on the same macroeconomic variables.Research limitations/implicationsResearch results are strictly limited to the focus time frame for this study; it is likely that expanded data involving more years beyond what was analyzed in this study could yield different results.Originality/valueThis study is an original research based on data from a reputable US federal institution.

School Psychology in New Brunswick in 2016

School psychology in New Brunswick experienced a surge of growth and development in the early part of the 21st century; however, dwindling numbers and recent government initiatives are presenting serious challenges to our ability to continue to provide the quality tiered services that we want to offer to the school community.

The health impacts of traffic-related exposures in urban areas: Understanding real effects, underlying driving forces and co-producing future directions

The world is currently witnessing its largest surge of urban growth in human history; a trend that draws attention to the need to understand and address health impacts of urban living. Whilst transport is instrumental in this urbanisation wave, it also has significant positive and negative impacts on population health, which are disproportionately distributed. In this paper, we bring together expertise in transport engineering, transport and urban planning, research and strategic management, epidemiology and health impact assessment in an exercise to scope and discuss the health impacts of transport in urban areas. Adopting a cross-disciplinary, co-production approach, we explore the key driving forces behind the current state of urban mobility and outline recommendations for practices that could facilitate positioning health at the core of transport design, planning and policy. Current knowledge on the health-related impacts of urban transport shows that motor vehicle traffic is causing significant premature mortality and morbidity through motor vehicle crashes, physical inactivity and traffic-related environmental exposures including increases in air pollution, noise and temperature levels, as well as reductions in green space. Trends of rapid and car-centred urbanisation, mass motorisation and a tendency of policy to favour car mobility and undervalue health in the transport and development agenda has both led to, and exacerbated the negative health impacts of the transport systems. Simultaneously, we also argue that the benefits of new transport schemes on the economy are emphasised whilst the range and severity of identified health impacts associated with transport are often downplayed. We conclude the paper by outlining stakeholders’ recommendations for the adoption of a cross-disciplinary co-production approach that takes a health-aware perspective and has the potential to promote a paradigm shift in transport practices.

Mycotoxin Analysis Using Imprinted Materials Technology: Recent Developments

Molecular imprinting technology is an attractive, cost-effective, and robust alternative to address the limitations of highly selective natural receptors, such as antibodies and aptamers. The field of molecular imprinting has seen a recent surge in growth, and several commercially available products are of great interest for sample cleanup to improve mycotoxin analysis. Current research trends are in specific applications of imprinting technology for small-molecule sensing and chromatographic cleanup procedures in new commodities. The choice of components and imprinting template are critical factors for mycotoxin recovery or detection optimization. Template mimics offer a means to reduce toxic exposure during polymer synthesis and address issues of leaching template from the imprinted polymer. Recent reports of molecularly imprinted polymers for aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, fusaric acid, citrinin, patulin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin are reviewed.

Determinants of the Recent Growth Surge in Africa : What Changed since mid - 1990 s ?

Growth performance of African countries since their independence in the late 1950s until mid-1990s is qualified by many scholars as a tragedy. Geography, ethnic fractionalization, conflicts and wars, bad policies, predatory elites, and many other phenomena were the factors presumed to explain the poor or catastrophic growth performance of the bulk of African countries. Fortunately, a revival of the economic growth in the majority of African countries is observed since mid-1990s. Identification of the factors that are instrumental of this growth’s surge is of prime importance for policy makers. It is so because growth is the condition, even not sufficient one, to poverty reduction and improvement of standards of life in Africa. In spite of the structural differences between African countries, many factors affect their economies in the same manner. One major result of our paper is that contrary to what is the common belief in the 1970s, 1980s and the first half of the 1990s, investment was positively linked to growth in African countries in the period 2000-2009.

Unexpected effects of sublethal doses of insecticide on the peripheral olfactory response and sexual behavior in a pest insect.

Pesticides have long been used as the main solution to limit agricultural pests, but their widespread use resulted in chronic or diffuse environmental pollutions, development of insect resistances, and biodiversity reduction. The effects of low residual doses of these chemical products on organisms that affect both targeted species (crop pests) but also beneficial insects became a major concern, particularly because low doses of pesticides can induce unexpected positive--also called hermetic--effects on insects, leading to surges in pest population growth at greater rate than what would have been observed without pesticide application. The present study aimed to examine the effects of sublethal doses of deltamethrin, one of the most used synthetic pyrethroids, known to present a residual activity and persistence in the environment, on the peripheral olfactory system and sexual behavior of a major pest insect, the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. We highlighted here a hormetic effect of sublethal dose of deltamethrin on the male responses to sex pheromone, without any modification of their response to host-plant odorants. We also identified several antennal actors potentially involved in this hormetic effect and in the antennal detoxification or antennal stress response of/to deltamethrin exposure.

Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Insecticides have long been used as the main method in limiting agricultural pests, but their widespread use has resulted in environmental pollution, development of resistances, and biodiversity reduction. The effects of insecticides at low residual doses on both the targeted crop pest species and beneficial insects have become a major concern. In particular, these low doses can induce unexpected positive (hormetic) effects on pest insects, such as surges in population growth exceeding what would have been observed without pesticide application. Methomyl and chlorpyrifos are two insecticides commonly used to control the population levels of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a major pest moth. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of sublethal doses of these two pesticides, known to present a residual activity and persistence in the environment, on the moth physiology. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that sublethal doses of methomyl and chlorpyrifos have a systemic effect on the treated insects. We also demonstrated a behavioral disruption of S. littoralis larvae exposed to sublethal doses of methomyl, whereas no effects were observed for the same doses of chlorpyrifos. Interestingly, we highlighted that sublethal doses of both pesticides did not induce a change in acetylcholinesterase activity in head of exposed larvae.

Assessing relationships between red spruce radial growth and pollution critical load exceedance values

Acidic sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition depletes cations such as calcium (Ca) from forest soils and has been linked to increases in foliar winter injury that led to the decline of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in the northeastern United States. We used results from a 30m resolution steady-state S and N critical load exceedance model for New England to better understand the spatial connections between Ca depletion and red spruce productivity. Atmospheric deposition and other inputs were estimated for a 5-year period (1984–1988) in order to smooth year-to-year variations in climate and patterns of atmospheric transport. Deposition levels prior to the reductions that followed the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act were used because tree health and productivity declines were expected to be most responsive to high acid loading. We examined how radial growth (basal area increment) of 441 dominant and co-dominant red spruce trees from 37 sites across Vermont and New Hampshire was related to modeled estimates of S and N critical load exceedance. We assessed growth using statistical models with exceedance as a source of variation, but which also included “year” and “elevation class” (to help account for climatic variability) and interactions among factors. As expected, yearly climate-related sources of variation accounted for most of the differences in growth. However, exceedance was significantly and negatively associated with mean growth for the study period (1951–2010) overall, and particularly for the 1980s and 2000s – periods of numerous and/or severe foliar winter injury events. Because high winter injury reflects the convergence of predisposing (cation depletion) and inciting (weather) factors, exceedance alone appears insufficient to define associated patterns of growth reduction. Significant interactions indicated that exceedance had little influence on growth at low elevations (where intrinsic conditions for growth were generally good) or high elevations (where growth was uniformly poor), whereas exceedance was significantly associated with reduced growth at mid elevations over long periods of time. Exceedance was also linked to reduced growth rebounds following a region-wide foliar winter injury event in 2003. Overall, our analyses suggest that modeled S and N critical load exceedance can help account for red spruce growth and rebound from injury in the field. Interestingly, recent growth for red spruce is above average for the 20th to 21st century dendrochronological record – indicating that the factors shaping growth may be changing. The influence of reduced pollution inputs on this recent growth surge is under investigation.

Financial Integration and China's Global Impact

Product and financial market integration determine the global implications of China’s recent growth surge and its on-going transition from export led growth. These alter China’s structural imbalance (its excess product supply and excess saving), which in turn shifts the international terms of trade, changing asset yields causing deflationary and then inflationary pressures abroad. The effects are here quantified using a global macro model with national portfolio rebalancing, in which asset differentiation is used to index financial integration. The growth surge is found to have conferred on the advanced economies gains in their terms of trade, incompletely offset by structural unemployment. By contrast, the global effects of the transition are shown to reverse some of these impacts and to be amplified by further financial integration, particularly for the US.

Critical Assessment of Development State as a Model For Growth and Development

The growth surge produced by East Asian newly industrialised nations since 1970s has been a central theme of research and debate amongst many social scientists and policy makers. From an “institutionalist” perspective, the idea of “development state” was theorised to explain this “East Asian miracle”. However, it is noted that growth trajectory of many East Asian countries has produced contrasting realities; countries like Hong Kong, Malaysia and Indonesia are facing protests and people’s agitations in favour of participatory and corruption free development. It is assessed that these pro-democracy agitations hit at innate weaknesses of development states and mark a paradigm shift in how “development” is defined and what is perceived of it. In this paper, an attempt is made to understand the theoretical construct of development state, trace reasons for the rise of East Asia as its ideal example and most prominently, to critically assess development states.The paper is broadly divided into four sections: in Section 1, a basic outline of post World War II theories of development is presented; Section 2 deals with the theory of a “development state” and its rise in East Asia; Section 3 provides a critique of the development state as a model of growth as well as development; and lastly; Section 4 is dedicated to finding reasons as to why and how the dramatic growth story of East Asia was written primarily under dictatorial regimes. Further, the paper tries to communicate the need for reinvention of the “development” paradigm in the democracy-deficient East Asia. I conclude that East Asia has to reconcile the perceived antagonism between democracy and development noted in development states, possibly under the motto of “democracy as development”.

Forecasting the Land Price Using Statistical and Neural Network Software

Abstract This paper focuses on the modelling and forecasting of land price in Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) in the state of Tamilnadu, India using multiple regression and neural network techniques. Thirteen locations spread over CMA are selected at random as study areas. The monthly average values of the selected factors from the year 1997 to 2011 are considered to develop the models. Both multiple regression and neural network models are validated with the market price in the year 2012 and 2013. After validation the models are used to forecast the land price in CMA for the years 2014 and 2015. Both the models are found to be well fit for the trend of land price; however the model using neural network shows better accuracy. A careful examination of the results of forecasting bring to lime light the surge in growth of land prices in the southern and western parts of CMA.

Early diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis on magnetic resonance imaging: A case report with review of literature

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a common hip condition occurring in adolescents, with a prevalence of 10 cases per 100,000 children. It usually affects younger age group from 10 to 17 years. The condition is usually found to be coexistent with various other conditions such as obesity, growth surges, and endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, growth hormone supplementation, hypogonadism, and pan-hypopituitarism. Patients present with limping and a poorly localized pain in the hip, groin, thigh, or knee. Diagnosis of the condition is often delayed due to its nonassociation with trauma and hence increases the chances of developing various complications such as avascular necrosis, chondrolysis and deformity. Majority of researches of SCFE are from Europe and North America, while studies in Asian populations are rare. Delay in diagnosis of SCFE is usually due to patients presenting with knee pain. Imaging can thus aid in early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the disease, which in turn reduces incidence of deformity and disability in the affected children. Bilateral hip radiography - anteroposterior and frog's-leg lateral views and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the radiological techniques that help in early diagnosis. MRI detects early physeal changes of both preslip and SCFE even when radiographs and computed tomography are normal. MRI should be routinely used to diagnose early SCFE in preslip stage to avoid further complications.

Real exchange rate determination and the China puzzle

Traditionally, real exchange rates are seen to be influenced in the long run by forces that return economies to purchasing power parity and by differences in productivity growth across sectors and across regions, as per the Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis (BSH). However, minor and realistic relaxations of the assumptions underlying the BSH greatly generalise the set of possible influences over real exchange rates. This paper surveys the literature on real exchange rate determination, investigates short‐run behaviour, and addresses puzzles over the trends in China's real exchange rate. While China was widely expected to appreciate against the advanced economies following its first growth surge in the mid‐1990s, it actually depreciated slightly until the early 2000s. Then, after 2005, its rate of appreciation was more rapid than expected. These puzzles are resolved by accounting for the effects of the trade liberalisations associated with World Trade Organization accession, China's excess saving, and the tightening of rural labour markets.

The state and innovation policy in Africa

This paper examines the role of African states in the process of industrialisation. It sets out to examine the nexus of state capacity, innovation policy and the dynamics of development. The methodology is largely qualitative through which a historical narrative of governmental investments in large industries most of which failed is related. While we attribute much of industrial failure to a ‘weak’ state, we recognise the difficulty involved in of the process of technological learning to industrialise in an environment of underdevelopment. The paper recognises state capacity building as a complex multi-level undertaking that must put collaborative learning as a central plank of development. The country encountered a process of industrialisation that is complex because states need to provide coordination among very many disparate actors using a bureaucratic outfit that was short on the fundamentals of science technology and industrialisation processes. We recommend a regime of sustained state capacity building whereby the Nigerian state and by extension other countries, continuously learn from its past shortcomings while learning to coordinate all the critical actors to take advantage of the prospective growth surge across African countries.

Growth without finance, finance without growth

The international comparative evidence on the nexus between finance and growth is ambiguous, owing to the many difficulties in isolating finance, separating its growth effect from that of the other factors. To overcome this problem, we study the effects of financial development on growth from 1960 to 2010 in one country—Italy. Thus, we have the same political, legal and regulatory framework but also sharply differing development conditions between regions. After World War II, Italy achieved an “economic miracle” similar to what China and India are now experiencing, followed by a lengthy phase of decline. Accordingly, we can distinguish the effect of financial development on growth from other potential causal factors while also considering regions with sharply different economic conditions. Our results show that from 1960 to 1980, when the Italian “economic miracle” was still under way, finance played no significant role in favouring the surge in economic growth, which most likely depended on internal consumption. Between 1980 and 2010, by contrast, the great expansion of Italian financial markets and institutions did have a positive effect on regional economic performance, but overall growth rates were nevertheless low. Although our empirical evidence supports the view that finance is more important for growth in less highly developed regions, it also shows that financial development has not helped to overcome the Italian economic divide.

Inequality in Emerging Countries

In the last three decades, emerging countries have experienced a significant rise in growth, and thus in their real income per capita. After almost two centuries of ‘great divergence’ (Pomeranz, 2000; Pritchett, 1997) characterized by growth rates significantly higher in the North (developed countries) than in the South (developing countries), this surge in growth within a majority of less developed countries could open a new era of ‘great convergence’ on the World stage. Nevertheless, this has not coincided with a decrease in within-country inequalities. The increase in income inequality in the North is now well documented and it has been analysed in Chapter 1. In the South, the variations in within-country income inequality appear rather diverse (Wood, 1997).

Panhypopituitarism due to craniopharyngioma with bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Craniopharyngiomas are rare primary intracranial tumors. Despite their benign histological appearance, they are often associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The typical manifestations upon diagnosis are headache, visual impairment, polyuria/polydypsia, growth retardation, disturbance of pubertal development, and significant weight gain. The treatment options include radical surgery or radiotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common adolescent hip disorder. SCFE occurs when the capital femoral epiphysis displaces posteriorly on the femoral neck at the level of the physis. The etiology of SCFE is thought to be multifactorial and may include obesity, growth surges, and less common endocrine disorders. The related endocrine disorders include hypothyroidism, growth hormone supplementation, hypogonadism, and panhypopituitarism. Reported herein is a case of panhypopituitarism caused by craniopharyngioma combined with SCFE.

Regional Disparities Across Indian States: Are the Trends Reversing?

Regional Disparities Across Indian States: Are the Trends Reversing? Ross Stewart, Carlos Moslares Abstract India has experienced consecutive decadal accelerations in aggregate growth rates, beginning in the 1980s, furthered by deregulatory policies resultant from the 1991 financial crisis, and continuing through the 2000s. This surge in economic growth has brought about significant prosperity for some states, while leaving other states nearly unchanged. Our research endeavours to document the regional disparities of growth across a sample of the 16 most economically prominent states from 1980-2010. The results indicate a lack of both ß and s convergence, along with a pronounced increase in the Theil index. Given the consistent results obtained from our analysis, we conclude that the growth experience has indeed been imbalanced. A continuation of the documented unbalanced regional growth could compromise national progress. Specifically, lack of convergence and heightened regional inequality could sabotage the great strides towards development achieved by India through deregulatory reform and liberalization policies, begun in the 1980s, although most notably undertaken after the financial crisis of 1991. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jeds.v2n3a7

Are We Undercounting Reallocationns Contribution to Growth?

There has been a strong surge in aggregate productivity growth in India since 1990, following significant economic reforms. Three recent studies have used two distinct methodologies to decompose the sources of growth, and all conclude that it has been driven by within-plant increases in technical eciency and not between-plant reallocation of inputs. Given the nature of the reforms, where many barriers to input reallocation were removed, this finding has surprised researchers and been dubbed “India’s Mysterious Manufacturing Miracle.” In this paper, we show that the methodologies used may artificially understate the extent of reallocation. One approach, using growth in value added, counts all reallocation growth arising from the movement of intermediate inputs as technical eciency growth. The second approach, using the OlleyPakes decomposition, uses estimates of plant-level total factor productivity (TFP) as a proxy for the marginal product of inputs. However, in equilibrium, TFP and the marginal product of inputs are unrelated. Using microdata on manufacturing from five countries ‐ India, the U.S., Chile, Colombia, and Slovenia ‐ we show that both approaches significantly understate the true role of reallocation in economic growth. In particular, reallocation of materials is responsible for over half of aggregate Indian manufacturing productivity growth since 2000, substantially larger than either the contribution of primary inputs or the change in the covariance of productivity and size. Some of the research in this paper was conducted while the second and fourth authors were Special Sworn Status researchers of the U.S. Census Bureau at the Minnesota Census Research Data Center and the Triangle Census Research Data Center, respectively, and some of the research was conducted while the fourth author was an employee of Census Bureau. The third author thanks the National Science Foundation for a generous graduate research fellowship. Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau. All results have been reviewed to ensure that no confidential information is disclosed.