Growth Stimulation Research Articles

Transcriptome profiling reveals the impact of various levels of biochar application on the growth of flue-cured tobacco plants

BackgroundBiochar, a carbon-rich source and natural growth stimulant, is usually produced by the pyrolysis of agricultural biomass. It is widely used to enhance plant growth, enzyme activity, and crop productivity. However, there are no conclusive studies on how different levels of biochar application influence these systems.Methods and resultsThe present study elucidated the dose-dependent effects of biochar application on the physiological performance, enzyme activity, and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants via field experiments. In addition, transcriptome analysis was performed on 60-day-old (early growth stage) and 100-day-old (late growth stage) tobacco leaves to determine the changes in transcript levels at the molecular level under various biochar application levels (0, 600, and 1800 kg/ha). The results demonstrated that optimum biochar application enhances plant growth, regulates enzymatic activity, and promotes biomass accumulation in tobacco plants, while higher biochar doses had adverse effects. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 6561 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were up- or down-regulated in the groupwise comparison under different treatments. KEGG pathways analysis demonstrated that carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (ko00710), photosynthesis (ko00195), and starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500) pathways were significantly up-regulated under the optimal biochar dosage (600 kg/ha) and down-regulated under the higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha).ConclusionCollectively, these results indicate that biochar application at an optimal rate (600 kg/ha) could positively affect photosynthesis and carbon fixation, which in turn increased the synthesis and accumulation of sucrose and starch, thus promoting the growth and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants. However, a higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha) disturbs the crucial source-sink balance of organic compounds and inhibits the growth of tobacco plants.

Exploring the destructive synergy between IL-33 and Suilysin hemolysis on blood-brain barrier stability.

Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of eliciting meningitis, presenting significant challenges to both the swine industry and public health. Suilysin (Sly), one of SS2 most potent virulence determinants, releases a surfeit of inflammatory agents following red blood cell lysis. Notably, while current research on Sly role in SS2-induced meningitis predominantly centers on its interaction with the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the repercussions of Sly hemolytic products on BBB function have largely been sidestepped. In this vein, our study delves into the ramifications of Sly-induced hemolysis on BBB integrity. We discern that Sly hemolytic derivatives exacerbate the permeability of Sly-induced in vitro BBB models. Within these Sly hemolytic products, Interleukin-33 (IL-33) disrupts the expression and distribution of Claudin-5 in brain microvascular endothelial cells, facilitating the release of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8), thereby amplifying BBB permeability. Preliminary mechanistic insights suggest that IL-33-driven expression of IL-6 and IL-8 is orchestrated by the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, whereas matrix metalloproteinase 9 mediates IL-33-induced suppression of Claudin-5. To validate these in vitro findings, an SS2-infected mouse model was established, and upon intravenous administration of growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2) antibodies, in vivo results further underscored the pivotal role of the IL-33/ST2 axis during SS2 cerebral invasion. In summation, this study pioneerly illuminates the involvement of Sly hemolytic products in SS2-mediated BBB compromise and spotlights the instrumental role and primary mechanism of IL-33 therein. These insights enrich our comprehension of SS2 meningitis pathogenesis, laying pivotal groundwork for therapeutic advancements against SS2-induced meningitis.IMPORTANCEThe treatment of meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2) has always been a clinical challenge. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which SS2 breaches the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for the development of meningitis therapeutics. Suilysin (Sly) is one of the most important virulence factors of SS2, which can quickly lyse red blood cells and release large amounts of damage-associated molecular patterns, such as hemoglobin, IL-33, cyclophilin A, and so on. However, the impact of these hemolytic products on the function of BBB is unknown and ignored. This study is the first to investigate the effect of Sly hemolytic products on BBB function. The data are crucial for the study of the pathogenesis of SS2 meningitis and can provide an important reference for the development of meningitis therapeutics.

Chelating agent stimulated LDH post-treatment of PEO coated AA2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are well known and broadly investigated on bare aluminum alloys, but not on PEO treated aluminum where source of aluminum ions is restricted. The additions of the chelating agents were tested in this work to stimulate the LDH formation on PEO (plasma electrolytic oxidation) coated aluminum alloy AA2024. 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxipropane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid (DHPTA) was identified as the most effective one among tested additives. Its performance in terms of LDH growth stimulation was investigated. The DHPTA additive provides an increase of the pH of the LDH synthesis compared to previously known methods to achieve hydration of aluminum oxide from PEO as the initial stage of PEO etching, as well as the formation of soluble complex compounds of Zn-DHPTA, necessary for the formation of ZnAl LDH. The process of LDH formation was also followed by intercalation of DHPTA ions into LDH galleries. It was shown that LDH was formed both on the surface and insight the pores of parental PEO coating. Moreover, it imparted lubricating properties to the hybrid coating. Finally, PEO-LDH coating demonstrated higher corrosion resistance and long-term stability comparing to the PEO coated aluminum alloy.

Impact of allelochemicals from shade trees bark on the performance of cocoa seedlings

AbstractShade trees are important in cocoa agroforestry systems; however, they release allelochemicals from various parts that affect understory plants. Unfortunately, information on allelochemicals produced by shade tree bark in cocoa plantation remain scarce. This study investigates the effect of allelochemicals from bark of shade trees on cocoa seedlings growth. The experiment was a 4 × 11 factorial study, and the treatments were four different concentrations from each of the 11 tree species. The treatments were laid out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Data were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days after treatment applications. The tree species alone and bark extract concentrations alone significantly impacted plant height from 90 to 150 days after application. Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth, Celtis mildbraedii Engl., and Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum produced the highest cocoa seedling heights. All concentrations also influenced stem diameter of cocoa seedlings. Albizia ferruginea enhanced stem diameter significantly among tree species and the control. Tree species and bark extract concentrations interacted to increase fresh root weights and dry plant biomass. Albizia ferruginea consistently increased dry plant biomass, while C. mildbraedii produced the highest enhancement for fresh roots. All concentrations enhanced plant biomass, with the 75 mg mL−1 concentration consistently producing the highest plant fresh and dry weights. Albizia ferruginea and C. mildbraedii can be potential tree species in the cocoa agroforestry when 2‐month‐old cocoa seedlings are to be transplanted on the field. Bark extract of 75 mg mL−1 concentration can be used as a growth stimulant on cocoa seedlings.

Sustainable Agriculture: Impact on Public Health and Sustainable Development

Sustainable agriculture involves the use of organic farming technologies, which excludes the use of growth stimulants, hormones and chemical additives in animal feeding as well as fertilisers with pesticides and other hazardous chemicals. Sustainable land management practices are aimed at preserving soils, water resources and biodiversity. They mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preserving natural environments. Organic agriculture produces environmentally friendly food that contains fewer harmful chemicals, potentially reducing the incidence of diet-related disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis (via VOSviewer 1.6.16, Bibliometrix / Biblioshiny App) to explore the sustainable agriculture impact on public health and sustainable development of nations. Applying the Scopus database, 427 relevant papers were reviewed to identify trends, influential works, and key research themes. The analysis reveals that sustainable agricultural practices, which aim to reduce environmental impact, conserve resources and enhance productivity, have gained increasing attention since the mid-1990s. Noteworthy, contributions include fundamental works, influential studies and various UN and WHO publications. The research highlights keywords such as agriculture, public health, nutrition, and food security. Leading countries in this research domain include the USA, China, Canada, India, and the UK, demonstrating extensive international collaboration. The findings underscore the critical role of sustainable agriculture in addressing global challenges, promoting environmental stewardship, and supporting socio-economic progress, which aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The study provides valuable insights into the development of sustainable practices and policies essential for future research and implementation.

Микробная биофортификация злаковых культур: перспективы и текущее развитие

Hidden hunger is a significant social issue in numerous countries worldwide, causing the development of nutrition-related diseases among populations annually. Biofortification offers a sustainable solution as it combines methods of cross-breeding, genetic engineering, agriculture, and microbiology. The authors reviewed international studies in the field of microbial biofortification in order to assess the microbial potential to enh ance the essential element content in grain crops. The review featured relevant scientific articles published by foreign experts in Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar in 1984–2024. The keywords included biofortification, wheat, rice, oats, growth stimulation, antagonism, and phytopathogen. The sources were processed in Zotero and VOSviewer. Nitrogen fixation and nutrient solubilization are the main mechanisms of microbial biofortification. Solubilization occurs as a synthesis of organic and inorganic acids, protons, siderophores, extracellular enzymes, and other secondary metabolites. Microorganisms can improve the expression of plant genes in terms of absorption and nutrient accumulation. They also affect root systems, facilitating the extraction of nutrients from the soil. The authors summarized laboratory and field studies on microbial biofortification of rice, wheat, and barley with iron, selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Biofortified growth-promoting microorganisms are a sustainable, reliable, and cost-effective approach to food security and hidden hunger issues. The review offers relevant information that can be used to develop new microbial preparations for the domestic agriculture.

Pengenalan Tumbuhan Lokal Untuk Kosmetik Kepada Gen Z : Edukasi Formulasi Sediaan Pomade Estrak Daun Meniran ((Phyllanthus Niruri L ) Sebagai Perangsang Penumbuh Rambut

Health Vocational High School is a place of education where students study. Busy student activities can sometimes reduce students' knowledge regarding the use of natural materials. The method applied in community service activities is providing counseling and education in the form of lectures and questions and answers directly by practicing making pomade cosmetics. Students' lack of knowledge regarding the use of natural ingredients from meniran leaves (Phyllanthus niruri L) as the main ingredient in natural pomade cosmetics which functions as a hair growth stimulant. For this reason, students are given education and understanding about the formulation of meniran leaf extract pomade preparations. The aim of holding service activities for students is "Introducing Local Plants for Cosmetics to Gen Z: Education on the Formulation of Meniran Leaf Extract Pomade Preparations as a Hair Growth Stimulator". To provide knowledge and understanding to Dewantara Husada Health Vocational School students regarding the introduction of local plants for cosmetics in the formulation of meniran leaf extract pomade as a hair growth stimulant. The conclusion of this PKM activity was carried out using the lecture and question and answer method, and practice. Based on the high level of participation in this PKM activity, it was classified as very good, participants in the question and answer session were considered to have a special interest in the material

Transformative impact of atmospheric cold plasma on mung bean seeds: Unveiling surface characteristics, physicochemical alterations, and enhanced germination potential

This work investigates the impact of a new geometry Atmospheric Cold-Plasma (ACP) system on mung bean (Vigna radiata) seed germination and seedling growth. Plasma is produced using a bipolar pulse power source, providing superior control of the generated species. A substantial increase in germination rates (86.67%–91.67%) and optimal seedling growth after 40 s of treatment is reported. The functional and morphological features have shown improvements. Plasma treatment significantly increases the specific surface area (7.695 m2/g) and total pore volume (0.007 cc/g) of the seeds compared to the control (2.214 m2/g and 0.001 cc/g, respectively), suggesting potential enhancements in water absorption and nutrient exchange. Radicle growth stimulation is also observed without alterations in the seed’s chemical structure. These findings highlight the potential of the ACP system for enhancing mung bean sprout germination and seedling development, which is helpful for agriculture applications.

Effects of Luhong Yixin Granules on myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats based on TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway

To investigate the effects of Luhong Yixin Granules on myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure and its possible mechanism, a total of 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group, and low-, medium-and high-dose Luhong Yixin Granules groups, with 12 rats in each group. Except for those in the control group, rats in the other groups were induced by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin(DOX) into a rat model. After the Luhong Yixin Granules were dissolved in the same amount of normal saline, they were given by gavage at low, medium and high doses(2.8, 5.6, 11.2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and the control group and the model group were given the same amount of normal saline by gavage for 40 days. After the end of dosing, echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS). Rat body weight(BW) and heart weight(HW) were calculated as HW/BW. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-17(IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), growth stimulation expressed gene 2 protein(ST2), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP), galectin-3(Gal-3) and creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB) in serum. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of myocardial tissue. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7, α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), and collagen Ⅰ(COL-Ⅰ), respectively. RESULTS:: showed that compared with those in the control group, LVEF, LVFS, and HW/BW in the model group were decreased(P<0.05), and the levels of IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β1, ST2, NT-proBNP, Gal-3, and CK-MB were increased(P<0.05). HE staining showed inflammatory changes in myocardial tissue; Masson staining showed decreases in the cross-sectional area and ventricular cavity area of the heart, and myocardial fibrosis of varying degrees(P<0.05). The protein and mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β1, Smad3, α-SMA, and COL-Ⅰ were increased(P<0.05), and the protein and mRNA expression of Smad7 protein was decreased(P<0.01). Compared with those in the model group, LVEF, LVFS and HW/BW of the low-, medium-and high-dose Luhong Yixin Granules groups were increased(P<0.05), and the levels of IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β1, ST2, NT-proBNP, Gal-3 and CK-MB were decreased(P<0.05). HE staining showed gradually reduced inflammatory changes of myocardial tissue, and Masson staining showed increased cross-sectional area and ventricular cavity area of the heart and decreased area of myocardial fibrosis(P<0.05). The protein and mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β1, Smad3, α-SMA, and COL-Ⅰ were decreased(P<0.05), while the protein and mRNA expression levels of Smad7 were increased(P<0.05). Luhong Yixin Granules may be of great value in the treatment of heart failure by regulating the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, inhibiting the expression of inflammation-related proteins, reducing the deposition of extracellular matrix, and alleviating myocardial fibrosis.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF AUXINS ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CHAETOCEROS MUELLERI

Background. The study of microalgae cultivation process is not only related to obtaining a wide range of biologically active substances. With the development of mariculture, some species of microalgae (including Chaetoceros muelleri) are of interest as food for mollusks, arthropods and holothuria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of auxin hormones on quantitative and qualitative parameters Chaetoceros muelleri accumulative cultivation. Materials and methods. The object of research was the culture of microalgae Chaetoceros muelleri. The duration of the experiment was 7 days. Indole-3- butyric and indole-3-acetic acids were used for growth stimulation. The microalgae were cultured in monoculture, under constant conditions. 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 1.0 ×10-5mol phytohormones concentrations were added to the cultivation medium of the experimental groups. The control group was cultured without phytohormones addition. Results. It was shown that indole-3-acetic acid in concentrations from 0.2 to 0.5×10-5 mol had a positive effect on the growth of algal culture. Auxins at optimum concentration had a positive effect on lipid accumulation in the algal culture. It was found that indole-3-butyric acid increased the carbohydrate content in the culture on the 3rd day of culturing Chaetoceros muelleri. At the same time, under the action of indole-3-butyric acid, the highest content of carbohydrates. Conclusion. The obtained data showed that the studied auxins had a positive effect on Chaetoceros muelleri dynamics growth. The possibility of using auxin series phytohormones to stimulate the growth of the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri in an accumulative monoculture has been established by this study.

INFLUENCE OF ULTRAFINE PARTICLES OF SILICON IV OXIDE (SiO2) AND OAK BARK EXTRACT ON BACTERIAL LUMINESCENCE

Background. Phytobiotic additives and ultrafine particles (UFP), especially of metallic nature, are increasingly used in agriculture as fertilizers and components of feed additives. However, there is very little data about the effect of non-metallic UFP. In particular, silicon-containing UFP have shown high efficiency as plant growth stimulators under stress conditions, but whether they can act as antibacterial agents or as protective agents in microbial ecosystems is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the presented work is to evaluate positive and negative reactions of the model luminescent microorganism Escherichia coli K12 TG1 when exposed to suspensions of silicon IV oxide (SiO2) in various concentrations both in pure form and in combination with phytobiotic additive – oak bark extract. Materials and methods. The luminescence intensity of the recombinant strain of Echerichia coli of the natural marine microorganism Photobacterium leiongnathi with cloned luxCDABE-genes under the influence of concentrations (0.5-0.00024 M) of UFP SiO2 and aqueous extract of oak bark (2-1024 multiples) was studied. Results. It was found that UFP in pure form stimulate bacterial luminescence by 252.2 % with respect to the control in the stationary phase of growth at 0.5 mol/L. They also act as protectors of intracellular metabolism, reducing the inhibitory effect of oak bark extract. The latter in pure form suppresses more than 50 % of bacterial luminescence up to 4-fold dilution (12.5 mg/mL), which determines the possibility of its use as an alternative to antibiotic drugs. Conclusion. UFP SiO2 have pronounced protective properties with respect to microbial community.

Перспективы переработки угля с низкой степенью метаморфизма

Introduction. The relevance and significance of this work is due to the fact that the soils of Kazakhstan are about 48% salt marshes. The reasons for their occurrence are different: harsh climatic conditions, the drying Aral Sea, the Baikonur cosmodrome, numerous test sites, etc. With an increased content of water-soluble salts in the root layer of soils, most cultivated plants develop poorly and yield a reduced yield. To solve the above problem, the technology of processing brown coal from the Kiyakty deposit and its substandard part for the production of drugs-growth stimulants for agricultural plants, high-calorie fuel briquettes and coal-alkali reagents is proposed. Materials and methods. Development of technology for the production of a humic preparation from brown coal deposits in Kazakhstan. It is known that these coals are amorphous polymers containing bitumen, humic acids, residual organic substances and moisture. Laboratory experiments were carried out by the method of biotesting according to B.P. Strogonov in glasses with a capacity of 0.5 liters in accordance with the requirements of GOST (GOST 10250–80, GOST 12038–84). The methodology for conducting research on the manufacture of briquettes, carbon-alkali reagents based on the humic acid hypothesis and various local binding materials with the involvement of certified CeLSIM laboratories is substantiated. The most optimal binder is a liquid bardic concentrate. Results. As a result of the application of new methods of pre-sowing treatment of rice seeds with a 2.5 % aqueous solution of the preparation from coal, its yield increased by 9.5–12.1 quintals per 1 ha, or by 33.8–41 % compared with the control. Discussion. The works of a number of foreign and domestic researchers on this topic have proved the possibility of using humic substances from brown coals to obtain organo-mineral fertilizers, and a comparative study of the chemical composition has been conducted. However, according to our technology, it is clear that we do not get fertilizer, but plant growth stimulants. It should be noted that the technology developed by the authors makes it possible to obtain a humic preparation, the use of which on low-yielding soils of Kazakhstan ensures a stable increase in the yield of cereals and legumes. Conclusion. The developed technology for the production of humic preparations for various purposes can be used to increase crop yields on degraded soils, for the bio recultivation of man-made formations, the manufacture of a substrate for greenhouse farms, the production of fuel briquettes and coal-alkali reagents, as well as during the operation of other brown coal deposits of the Republic of Kazakhstan with a high content of humic acids in their composition. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The territory of Kazakhstan is considered to be arid zones of dry steppe soils without rains. In these conditions, agricultural technicians resort to plants of halophyte varieties, therefore, the prospects for using this technology are very large, for example, to suppress dust formation on the surface of tailings ponds with the cultivation of green mass of wild plant varieties. Preparations from brown coals can be used to purify water and wines, leach precious metals, etc.

METHODS OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF METAL NANOPARTICLES, PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION IN CROP PRODUCTION

The main objective of this review is to consider the environmentally ecological synthesis of nanoparticles with the help o f plants and the importance of this approach, application areas. It can be said that metal nanoparticles take place in all spheres of human life, such as food security, medicine, veterinary medicine, agriculture, environmental protection, energy, electronics. Currently, the development of environmentally friendly methods for the chemical and biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a pressing issue attracting significant attention from scientists worldwide. In the biological synthesis of metals, various living organisms, fungi, algae, and plants can be used. And the importance of using these nanoparticles in crop production is still being actively studied. In our work, we reviewed articles by scientists from a number of countries who have widely used this method in various industries. The biocompatibility and stability of metal nanoparticles produced through "green synthesis" have been demonstrated in numerous studies. A thorough literature review also examined the plants used in this synthesis process and the various applications of the synthesized metal nanoparticles based on their properties. Tһe topic of this revew is one of the relevant for Kazakhstan, therefore, the prospects of using metal nanoparticles in agricultural crop production and as growth stimulants and in plant protection are being considered in the country.

Screening for drought-tolerant mungbean root nodule bacteria with multiple plant growth promoting traits in Aridisol

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an economically important legume crop grown across India. The growth and yield of the crop have been declining over the recent years due to climate change which leads to decrease in soil moisture. Applications of drought-tolerant plant growth-promoting (PGP) rhizobial strains have been found to enhance crop productivity under water deficiency. Therefore, the objective of this study was to screen the bacterial strains from the mungbean root nodule that may help in improving the plant growth under drought condition. Bacteria were isolated from mungbean root nodules and screened for in vitro drought-tolerance using different concentrations of PEG 6000 at 10, 20, 30 and 40 %, and temperature-tolerance at 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C. In primary screening, out of 98 root nodule bacterial isolates tested, only 25 % showed drought-tolerance at 40 % polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 while 22 % of bacteria survived at 45 °C. During secondary screening on combined stress-tolerance, only 8 % of isolates showed tolerance of 40 % PEG-6000 at 45 °C. The in vitro drought-tolerance of bacteria varied significantly according to their sampling region/district. Various PGP traits, i.e., nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and production of indole acetic acid, ammonia, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, were analyzed in isolated stress-tolerant bacteria, which may contribute towards stress-tolerance and crop productivity in mungbean. The most promising drought-tolerant nodule bacterial isolates were identified as Rhizobium sp. and Pseudomonas indica, respectively by 16S rRNA sequencing. Moreover, bacterial isolates MuJs52b, MuJs53b, MuJs72a and MuBk32b, which exhibited drought-tolerance of 40 % PEG-6000 and different PGP activities, were used as bioinoculant on mungbean plants grown under moderate to severe drought at 50 and 25 % of field capacity (FC) in pot experiment. Bacteria inoculated plants showed maximum increase in nodule dry weight (56.5 %) and shoot dry weight (87.5 %) per plant even under severe drought at 25 % FC. The results indicated that application of four potential nodule bacterial isolates, which were able to tolerate drought stress of 40 % PEG-6000, and having multiple PGP traits, showed stimulation of the mungbean growth even up to 25 % FC. These plant growth-promoting nodule bacterial strains may be used for the enhancement of mungbean crop productivity under drought stress and could be used as biofertilizer.

The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth and development of Stevia plants cultured in vitro

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is an essential herbal plant used as a sweetener. The demand for stevia is growing due to its low caloric and medicinal value, hence the need for a more thorough investigation of its nutritional and biological properties. Nanoparticles of metal oxides have been found to have broad applications in agriculture for the stimulation of plant growth and development. The study aimed to assess the effect of various zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) concentrations on stevia plants’ quantitative and qualitative traits obtained in in vitro cultures. Micropropagation of two stevia varieties, Candy and Morita, was carried out using explants of shoot tips placed on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm–3 BA and 0.1 mg dm–3 IBA and with ZnONPs at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg dm–3. The obtained results indicated that high concentrations of ZnONPs stimulated the propagation of shoots. On the other hand, they negatively influenced shoot length, root number and length, and the fresh weight of the plantlets. The presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the medium increased the potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc content while decreasing the sodium and iron content in the regenerated stevia plantlets. The total phenolic content in the Candy variety was higher in the treatments with ZnONPs than in the control plants, while it was varied in the Morita variety. In both varieties, total antioxidant content measured by the ABTS method showed significantly higher in the treatments with 20–30 mg dm–3 ZnONPs than in the control. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a + b in the Morita variety was higher in the treatments with 10 and 20 mg dm–3 ZnONPs than in the control. On the other hand, high concentrations of ZnONPs negatively affected the content of carotenoids in both varieties. The study showed that stevia plants obtained in in vitro cultures on control media and media containing ZnONPs had a high content of valuable minerals, phytocompounds with antioxidant properties, and photosynthetic pigments.

Growth and Yield Responses of Bari Sweet Corn-1 (Zea Mays L.) to Naa at Different Nitrogen Levels

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of NAA at varying N-levels on growth and yield responses of BARI Sweet Corn-1 (Zea mays L.). The trial consisted of ten treatments viz. control = without NAA and N fertilizer; RDN (recommended dose of N fertilizer); 25 ppm NAA + RDN; 50 ppm NAA + RDN; 25 ppm NAA + 50% higher RDN; 50 ppm NAA + 50% higher RDN; 25 ppm NAA + 100% higher RDN; 50 ppm NAA + 100% higher RDN; 25 ppm NAA+ 150% higher RDN and 50 ppm NAA + 150% higher RDN. Results showed that application NAA in combination with various nitrogen (N) levels produced better growth than control but with few exceptions. Growth parameters viz. total dry mater (TDM), leaf area (LA), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were recorded maximum from 25 ppm NAA in combination with RDN treatment. Findings revealed that 25 ppm NAA in combination with RDN treatment had also produced higher number of leaves per plant, specific leaf area (SLA), biomass duration (BMD) and absolute growth rate (AGR) than RDN treatment although statistically at par to each other. The maximum number of leaves per plant, shoot-root ratio and SLA although recorded maximum from 25 ppm NAA in combination with 100% higher RDN treatment but statistically similar to rest of the combined treatments. Yield attributes and yield of BARI Sweet Corn-1 showed positive response to NAA at varying N-levels with significant variations in majority of cases. The maximum number of cobs and productive cobs per plant, dry weight of cobs, length of cob, number of seed per row and cob, dry weight of tassel, yield per plant and harvest index were also obtained from 25 ppm NAA in combination with RDN treatment. However, maximum number of cobs and productive cobs per plant were also noted from 25 ppm NAA in combination with 100% higher RDN treatment. Significantly maximum yield per plant (114.41g) obtained from 25 ppm NAA in combination with RDN treatment which was 12.02% higher over RDN treatment. Out of ten treatments, foliar application of 25 ppm NAA in combination with RDN treatment produced better stimulation in growth and yield of BARI Sweet Corn-1. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(2): 337-344, 2024 (June)

Increasing Red Onion Production on a Household Scale Using Coconut Water and NPK as a Growth Stimulant

Red onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a horticultural plant needed by household consumers as a complement to cooking spices and traditional medicines. Shallot production does not meet market demand in Riau, so it is necessary to bring in shallots from other regions. Efforts to increase shallot production continue to be made to meet market demand in Riau. One of the efforts that can be made to increase the production of shallot plants is through the use of natural growth hormones (ZPT). This research aims to determine the respective effects and interactions of giving concentrations of coconut water and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallot production. This research is a factorial experiment prepared using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors, namely the concentration of coconut water and the dose of NPK fertilizer. Factor I: Coconut water concentration which consists of 4 levels, namely: A0 = without coconut water, A1 = 50% coconut water (500 ml coconut water + 500 ml water), A2 = 75% coconut water (750 ml coconut water + 250 ml water) and A3 = 100% coconut water (1000 ml coconut water). Factor II: NPK fertilizer dose consisting of 3 levels, namely: N1 = NPK 125 kg.ha-1, N2 = NPK 250 kg.ha-1, and N3 = NPK 375 kg.ha-1. . Data from the analysis of variance were further tested using Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% level. The research results showed that the combination of coconut water with a concentration of 100% and NPK fertilizer with a dose of 250 kg.ha-1 increase plant height, increase tuber diameter, increase fresh tuber weight per m2 and weight of storable tubers per m2.

Integrated biomarker profiling for enhanced heart failure management: a comprehensive study on the application of chemiluminescence detection of GDF-15 and multi-index models.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) holds promise as a novel marker for heart failure. However, current detection methods fall short of meeting essential clinical requirements. The aim of this investigation was to assess the clinical significance of serum GDF-15 detection through the chemiluminescence method and to enhance its clinical application for predicting and evaluating heart failure in patients. A total of 122 patients were included in the study. Serum GDF-15 levels were assessed using the chemiluminescence method and compared with results for NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Additionally, we conducted an analysis to evaluate the correlation between these indicators and heart failure events. LVEF, ST2, NT-proBNP, and GDF-15 exhibited significant associations with heart failure. In the multivariate proportional hazard analysis, subsequent to adjusting for the effects of other markers, however, only LVEF and GDF-15 retained their associations with heart failure events. Notably, GDF-15 emerged as the exclusive marker suitable for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The chemiluminescence method proved efficient in the rapid and sensitive detection of GDF-15 in patients with heart failure. Additionally, GDF-15 combined with other markers created a robust multi-index model. This model is valuable for heart failure diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, with broad clinical applicability.

Herbal Hair Serum – A Promising Nourishing Agent for the Hair Growth

With their promise of nourishing properties, improved scalp health, and stimulation of hair growth, herbal hair serums have become increasingly popular as natural substitutes for traditional hair care products. An overview of herbal hair serums is given in this abstract, with particular attention to their composition, effectiveness, safety, and possible advantages for hair health to the assertion of reduced hair loss and improved hair growth. Alopecia is a common issue among metropolitan dwellers who are subjected to stress, environmental issues, and other issues. Thus, we deduce from this review paper that alopecia may be effectively treated with numerous herbal remedies without any adverse effects. There are several allopathic medications kinds for treating hair loss, however they all have a lot of adverse effects. The foundation of any medical research is its herb collection. About 80% of residents suggested using herbal medications since they had fewer negative effects and more positive effects than the animal system. Our article shows that herbal hair serum contains a number of vital ingredients that are necessary to maintain the correct operation and self-defense. It also offers excellent protection from extreme heat. Many factors have contributed to the severe hair loss issues that the younger generations are now experiencing. Generally speaking, hair loss is not transient. Known to be the most significant organ in the mammalian system, the hair follicle has a variety of roles in self-defense, extreme temperature protection, and attractiveness and gender differentiation. The younger generations are facing severe hair loss issues as a result of several lifestyle changes, including worry, weariness, and overindulgence in junk food and hair colouring and styling products.t alopecia is the outcome. To encourage the production of new hair and prevention of hair loss, hair roots must be activated which is why many individuals experiencing hair loss are seeking different treatments. The anti-dandruff and hair care properties of Citrus sinensis are employed

Enhancement of wheat growth by plant growth-stimulating bacteria during phytopathogenic inhibition

Triticum spp. is grown widely all over the world, and numerous fungal diseases have a significant impact on the crop yield. Fusarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana are the most prevalent pathogens affecting wheat. In this study, the growth-stimulating bacteria in wheat are identified and their efficacy is examined in stimulating the growth of wheat seedlings under phytopathogenic conditions. In the course of the present investigation, four microorganisms that are resistant to the metabolites Fusarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana were isolated from wheat seeds. These strains were evaluated based on plant growth stimulation indicators, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid (0.4–3.3 mg × mL−1), gibberellic acid (116.9–431.5 μg × mL−1), siderophores (10.2–31.5%), phosphate solubilization (1.7–3.5), zinc solubilization (1.8–3.7), potassium solubilization (1.3–3.0) nitrogen fixation (250.0–840.0 μg × mL−1). In a laboratory experiment, two promising growth-stimulating bacteria that enhance the germination and development of wheat seeds under conditions of phytopathogenic stress were identified. When treated with the microorganisms, wheat seeds show a higher rate of germination, and a significant increase in root length was observed in the seedlings. A field test indicated that the presence of strains of Pantoea ananatis and Bacillus subtilis exerts a favorable effect on the wheat yield.