Growth Performance Of Catfish Research Articles

Comparative analysis of growth and health of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed with different starch diets

This study evaluated the effects of potato, wheat, rice, and corn starch on growth performance, blood parameters, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidative response, and gut microbiota of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. A control diet (a commercial fish diet) and four different starch (potato, PO; wheat, WH; corn, CO; rice, RC) formulations were fed to African catfish with average weight of 10.5g (n = 30) for eight weeks. The experiment was conducted in triplicates. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance of African catfish fed with potato starch (PO) was significantly higher than other treatment groups. Furthermore, this group recorded significant and lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to other groups. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in all tested hematological parameters and antioxidative response between the groups. Digestive enzyme activities in the fish intestines, including amylase, lipase, and protease, were significantly higher in African catfish fed with the PO diet. In addition, this group demonstrated substantially lower viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) than other groups, indicating that the fish has more meat on its body. The PO diet group also recorded significantly higher Akkermansia muciniphila, a good gut microbiota. Therefore, the PO diet potentially improves African catfish's growth performance and health status.

Effect of probiotics addition on artificial feed for catfish growth

The research aimed to investigate the impact of probiotics supplementation in artificial feed on the growth of catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Catfish farming is a vital component of aquaculture, and optimizing feed formulations can enhance both the economic and environmental sustainability of the industry. In this study, probiotics were incorporated into the catfish feed to assess their potential benefits on growth performance. A fully randomized design was employed, encompassing four distinct treatment groups denoted as follows: P0, representing the control group without any treatment; P1, involving the incorporation of 2 cc/kg of probiotic into the feed; P2, entailing the inclusion of 4 cc/kg of probiotic in the feed; and P3, comprising the use of 6 cc/kg of probiotic in the feed. Data analysis was conducted using analysis of variance with a confidence level set at 5%. The growth parameters, including weight gain, length increase, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were monitored over 2 months. The results revealed a significant improvement in the growth performance of catfish in the probiotics-supplemented group compared to the control group. Catfish fed with probiotics exhibited a higher average weight gain and increased length, indicating better growth.

Reuse of wastewaters from slaughterhouse and palm oil mill: Influence on the growth performance of catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>)

<abstract> <p>Integrating fish farming with wastewater recycling can improve fish farming programs, ensuring environmental sustainability while improving cost of fish farming. This study examines the influence of wastewaters from slaughterhouses and palm oil mils on the growth performance of catfish. Artificial ponds created with transparent buckets, where the fingerlings were grown for six weeks, contained each wastewater type comprising 30%, 40% and 50% wastewater, the rest being tap water. Tap water was used as the control. Live body weight, weight gain, live length and gain in length of fish were used to monitor fish growth performance on a weekly basis. Pond temperature and pH were also monitored weekly. The physicochemical parameters of the water in the ponds were above the standards required for fishponds. There was no significant difference between the growth performance parameters in the control and other treatments during the entire period of study. There was also a strong correlation (r ≈ 1) between the growth performance and the duration of study for all the treatments, indicating the fish could survive in the ponds for as long as necessary. Highest live weight of 14 g in T3R1, 13.33 g for control, 12 g for T2R1 and T4R1 were obtained. Highest live length values of 13.70, 13.50, 13.30, 13.20, 13.10 cm were obtained for T3R2, T3R3, T2R2, control and T2R3 respectively. Temperature in the adapted ponds ranged from 24–28 ℃, and pH raged from 6–8. A low mortality rate of 4.16% (4 deaths) was obtained in the case of T3R3 only for the first week, but there no other mortality in other treatments throughout the period of the study. Results obtained show that wastewaters from slaughterhouses and palm oil mills can effectively be used to grow fish, reducing cost of fish farming and ensuring environmental sustainability from dumping of the wastewaters.</p> </abstract>

Evaluation of fermented rice bran to replace soybean meal in the diet of Clarias sp. fingerling

Rice bran is being fermented using Aspergillus niger in order to increase its usage as a raw material for the catfish diet. This research aims to evaluate the potentials of rice bran fermented with A. niger to replace soybean meal in catfish Clarias sp diet. There were two research stages, first the fermentation test of A. niger on rice bran that used a completely randomized factorial design consisting of 2 factors, namely the dose of A. niger (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/100 g) and incubation time (0. 24 and 48 hours). Secondly, the substitution test of soybean meal with fermented rice bran on five different of substitution levels (0, 15, 20, 35, and 40%) in the catfish diet. The results showed that the fermentation of A. niger of 2 % with an incubation period of 24 hours in rice bran resulted in the smallest crude fiber and fraction content, and increased protein and amino acid including serine, threonine, alanine, methionine, isoleucine, and lysine. The specific growth rate in the substitution treatment of 0-20% was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of 35-40%. There was also no difference (P>0.05) in the growth performance of catfish in the 0 to 20% substitution treatment. Also, replacing soybean meal with fermented rice bran up to 20% did not have a negative effect on the growth performance of catfish. It was concluded that fermented rice bran could be used as raw material for catfish.

Application of Dry Probiotic Rabal to Increase Growth Performance of Catfish (Clarias sp.)

Catfish have become an important contributor to fish production in Indonesia. Catfish consumption in Indonesia always increases every year. To meet the demand for catfish consumption, it was carried out with an intensive aquaculture system. However, the high cost of feed has been identified as a significant constraint in catfish farming. Efforts to increase catfish growth are needed to reduce feed costs, one of the efforts is by probiotic supplementation through the feed. This study was carried out to determine the best dose of probiotic rabal dried addition to increasing catfish growth. The experiment used four treatments and three replications. Probiotic rabal dried doses: 0% of feed (A)/feed (control), 5% of feed (B), 10% of feed (C), and (D) 15% of were used as treatment. The feed was given ad-satiation with a frequency of feeding three times a day. Observations were made for 45 days. The results indicated that the B treatment of 5% of feed gave the best absolute weight growth and feed conversion ratio. While catfish fish survival rate was not significantly different on all treatments.

The Influence of Feeding Combination Silkworm (Tubifex sp.) with Commercial Feed on Growth Performance of Catfish (Clarias sp.)

This study aims to determine the growth of catfish (Clarias sp.) Seeds by giving a combination of silkworms (Tubifex sp.) and commercial feed. This research was conducted in August - October 2020 in the fish farming group of PT ASABRI, West Ilir II Palembang, South Sumatera. The treatments used in this study were 100% silkworm (control) feeding and a combination of feed treatment consisting of 75% commercial feed and 25% silkworms. Parameters include absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, feed efficiency, survival, and water quality. The results obtained from this study indicate that combination feeding (P1) obtained better results than the control (P0) with absolute weight growth data of 8.38 g, absolute length 7.39 cm, feed efficiency 56.38% and survival 87.50%.Keywords: catfish, commercial feed, combination, growth silkworm

Effect on growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles Fed Fermented Mango Seed Kernel Diet at Different Inclusion Level

The main objective of this research was in the utilization of agro-wastes from fruit processing and consumption. This waste has resulted to environmental nuisance and the need for incorporation into aquaculture feed as energy source is inevitable. The utilization of waste from fruit processing can be used to reduce the cost of feed production. This research utilized fermented Mango Seed Kernel Meal (MSKM) as a replacement for maize in the diets of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. A 40% isonitrogenous diet was formulated ât inclusion levels of T1 (0%), T2 (25%), T3 (50%), T4 (75%), and T5 (100%) MSKM and fed at 3% body weight. One hundred and fifty (150) Clarias geriepinus juveniles average, the weight of 10.00g±0.14 were randomly allocated to Treatments in plastic tanks (49x33.5x33.5cm) at 10 fish per treatment/tank in triplicate. Mean Weight Gain (MWG) was highest in T1 (756.37±13.61g) and significantly differs (P<0.05) from other treatments. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was highest in T4 (1.46±0.18g) and lowest in T1 (0.99±0.01g). Specific Growth Rate (SGR) was significantly different in T4 when compared to other treatments. Feed intake and feed cost decreased with the inclusion level of MSKM while net profit was not significantly different (P>0.05) in T1 and T3. Profit index and net profit were significantly compared in T2, T3, and T5. The diet showed no implication on fish survival. In conclusion, the growth performance of Catfish could be improved by substituting MSKM at 50% level without implication on cultured fish.

The Effect of Biofloc with the Addition of Different Commercial Probiotics in Catfish (Clarias sp.)

Catfish was one of the most popular consumption fish in Indonesia. Increasing the production of catfish farming by means of super intensive cultivation has a negative impact on the quality of the aquaculture environment which in turn can have an impact on fish health. Biofloc technology was an alternative that can be done to solve the problem of aquaculture waste. In fact, it could provide more benefits because besides being able to reduce inorganic nitrogen waste  also provide additional feed for cultured fish so that it can increase growth and feed efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the growth performance of catfish (Clariassp.) In biofloc-based super intensive cultivation with the addition of different commercial probiotics. This research will be conducted for 5 months. The research was conducted in an aquarium in the form of an aquarium measuring 90 × 40 × 50 cm filled with 100 L. The treatment given was the addition of commercial probiotics in the culture medium with the biofloc system and fermented pellet feed with various commercial probiotics, namely commercial probiotic I, commercial probiotic II. , commercial probiotic III, positive control (biofloc culture media and without the addition of commercial probiotics), and negative control (without biofloc). Each treatment was repeated three times. Specific data growth, survival (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and quality were statistical analysis with one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the best growth performance of catfish using the biofloc culture system produced in this study was shown in PK3 treatment with a survival rate of 93.33%, a specific growth rate of 6.60, and a feed conversion ratio of 0.92.ÂÂ

The effect of AB Mix nutrition on growth performance of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivated in aquaponic systems

Catfish farming is growing rapidly because the cultivation and marketing technology is relatively easy for the community to master, and the required business capital is relatively small. Pond water waste originating from fish metabolism and dissolved food waste is toxic to fish. One of the efforts that can be done is fish farming that is integrated with plants through an aquaponics system. Research to determine the effect of AB Mix addition on the growth of African catfish and lettuce cultivated by the aquaponics system. The research method used was an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and three replications. The addition of AB mixed nutrition did not differ in the growing significance of catfish and lettuce. However, the increase in growth occurred with an increasing dosage of AB mix with the best treatment with AB Mix 3 mL L-1. This treatment resulted in absolute growth in fish of 20.52 g and 4.62 g of watercress. The use of a dosage of AB mix higher than 3 mL L-1 may result in better growth.

The Effect of Papain Enzymes and Probiotic Addition on Feed Towards The Catfish Growth Performance, Feed Utilization Efficiency and Survival Rate in Biofloc Techniques

The success of catfish farming (Clarias sp.) is influenced by feed and water quality. The low feed utilization results in high feed production costs. Alternative use of feed using the enzyme papain and probiotics, the papain enzyme is able to hydrolyze proteins into peptides to increase the utilization of protein in feed by the body. In addition, increased digestibility is done by the addition of probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyses sp., Azotobacter sp., Streptomyces sp., Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp. into food that can increase feed digestibility and nutrient absorption. Water quality is one of the factors that caused a low survival rate of fish. Biofloc technology utilizes microbial activity that can convert organic waste intensively to form a flock that used by fish as a food source. This study aims to examine the effect of papain and probiotics enzyme addition in feed towards the growth, efficiency of feed utilization and survival rate of catfish using biofloc techniques. The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by five treatments using biofloc maintenance media and five treatments using non-biofloc, each repeated three times. This research used catfish with a density of 1 head /L kept for 4 weeks as a test animal, treatment P0 (test feed 0.0 gr / kg papain enzyme and 0 mL probiotics), P1 (test feed 0.25 gr / kg papain enzyme and 1 mL probiotic), P2 (Test feed 0.25 gr / kg papain enzyme and 2 mL probiotics), P3 (Test feed 0.5 gr / kg papain enzyme and 1 mL probiotic), P4 (Test feed 0.5 gr / kg of papain enzyme and 2 mL probiotics). The results showed that the addition of the papain and probiotics enzyme in feed with the best dosage was P2 with biofloc maintenance media that gave a real effect (P <0.05) on the efficiency of feed utilization and survival, but had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on growth of catfish (Clarias sp.). Water quality in the maintenance media is in a decent range for the maintenance of test fish.

Preliminary Study of Various Intervals and Administration of Feed Enriched with Turmeric and Garlic on the Growth Performance of Catfish

As a food ingredient, turmeric curcumin increases appetite and increases the effectiveness of digestive organs function, while garlic increases fish growth. The combination of the two ingredients is believed to increase growth and survival rate of catfish. This study aimed to determine growth performance, Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Survival Rate (SR) of catfish seeds in high density fish farming based on biofloc, and supplemented with turmeric and garlic for feed. The research methodology was a complete randomized design, and treated with T1: turmeric and garlic given once a week; T2: turmeric and garlic were given twice a week, and T3: turmeric and garlic were given three times a week. Fish weight was recorded every week, then data were analyzed for fish growth using regression. The study was conducted in 4 weeks. The results showed that the best weight growth performance was obtained at T1 with the regression equation YT1 = −1.07 + 17.92. This equation provides predictions that fish harvesting can be carried out within 6 weeks, with the average weight of fish measured at 100 grams and FCR = 0.91 ± 0.016 and SR = 88.45 ± 8.89%.

Bacillus velezensis AP193 exerts probiotic effects in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and reduces aquaculture pond eutrophication

Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) is an economically important farmed fish particularly in the southeastern United States. Aquaculture sustainability is threatened by disease pressure and the eutrophic conditions resulted from intensive fish farming. Previous research identified Bacillus velezensis strains that reduced mortality due to bacterial pathogens when used as a feed amendment. This study was conducted to determine the effects of B. velezensis-amended feed on catfish growth performance, pond water quality, and on the microbiomes in fish intestines and pond water. B. velezensis AP193 was evaluated in a ten-week pond trial, with four replicate ponds per probiotic treatment or control group. Feed amended with B. velezensis AP193 induced a 40.4% or 32.6% increase in growth relative to control feed in fingerling catfish that originated from aquaria or raceways, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the catfish intestinal microbiota or the pond microbiota due to probiotic-amended feed. The water quality was improved in ponds in which fish were fed with the probiotic-amended feed, as significant reductions were found in total phosphorus (19%), total nitrogen (43%) and nitrate (75%). These data suggest that B. velezensis AP193 can promote catfish growth and improve pond water quality when used as a feed amendment.

Growth Performance of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Biofloc-Based Super Intensive Culture Added with Bacillus sp.

Growth Performance of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Biofloc-Based Super Intensive Culture Added with Bacillus sp.

Effect of Prebiotic in Commercial Feed on the Growth of Catfish (Pangasius sp.)

A prebiotic is a non-digestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth or the activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon. This research aimed to determine the effect of commercial feed containing prebiotics on the growth of catfish (Pangasius sp .). The experiment were done with four treatments and three replicates, namely control A (0% prebiotic), B (1% prebiotic), C (2% prebiotic), D (3% prebiotic). The treatment with the addition of 1% prebiotic can improve number of bacteria populations, protein retention, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rates, feed efficiency and survival rate higher than the other treatments with the value of each 9.25 ± 0.09 b %, 15.65 ± 3.83 b %, 112.68 ± 25.22 b %, 1.52 ± 0.16 c %, 31.55 ± 5.1 b % and 93.33 ± 6.67%.. Therefore, the addition of 1% prebiotic can promote the growth performance of catfish.

The Use of Phytase Enzyme to Increase Phosphorus Bioavailability of the Diets and Growth Performance of Catfish (Clarias sp)

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary phytase supplementation on phosphorus (P) bioavailability of the diets and growth performance of catfish (Clarias sp) as well as P loading. Four experimental diets were used in this experiment. Diet (A), as a control, was supplemented with inorganic P; diet (B) supplemented with phytase, without inorganic P; diet (C ) supplemented with phytase and citric acid, without inorganic P; and diet (D) without phytase and inorganic P. Phytase was added to the diet at 50 mg/100 g soy bean meal and pollard. Ten fishes with initial body weight of 6.3 ± 0.05 g distributed into an aquarium. Fish fed on the diets for 60 days, there time daily, at satiation. Results indicated that P digestibility increased from 68.55% to 86.1% by the addition of phytase. P digestibility in diet B and C was higher than diet A and D. Daily growth rate of fish from diet B and C were significantly higher than that of diet D, but similar with diet A. Food conversion ratio (FCR) of fish from diet A, B, and C was better than diet D. P concentration in the whole body, bone, and plasma, of fish from diet A,B, and C was higher than diet D, but the Ca and Zn concentration in the whole body, bone, plasma was the same in all treatments. P loading by fish fed diet with phytase ware 58% lower than that of the fish fed control diet. Keyword: Clarias sp, phytase, phosphorus, bioavailability

Replacement of dietary fish oil with palm fatty acid distillate elevates tocopherol and tocotrienol concentrations and increases oxidative stability in the muscle of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of substituting fish oil with palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product from crude palm oil refining, on growth, feed utilization, vitamin E deposition, and oxidative stability in the muscles of African catfish. Five isonitrogenous, isoenergetic, and isolipidic (10%) practical diets were formulated to contain 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% substitution of fish oil with PFAD. Growth of African catfish was significantly ( P<0.05) better in fish fed the 25% PFAD diet compared to fish fed the control diet, with fish oil as the sole lipid source. Higher levels of dietary PFAD supplementation did not cause further improvement in growth performance of catfish. Muscle concentrations of α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, and γ-tocotrienol increased linearly in response to increasing dietary concentrations originating from the added PFAD. α-Tocopherol constituted 68.5–80.2% of the vitamin E composition of catfish muscle, with total tocotrienols maintaining an equilibrium of 13.4–26.7% irrespective of dietary composition. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations in the muscles of catfish decreased significantly with increasing levels of dietary PFAD. The present study showed that the use of PFAD in catfish diets could offer protection against lipid peroxidation in muscles that would translate to longer shelf-life for seafood products. In fish meal-based diets for African catfish, PFAD can totally replace added fish oil. The use of PFAD is a practical and cost-effective way to produce high-energy diets without the damaging side effects of increased lipid radicals.