Growth Performance Of Carp Research Articles

Polymorphism analysis of the intron one of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor gene (IGF2R) in FFRC strain common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and its relationship with growth performance.

The insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor gene (IGF2R) encodes a transmembrane protein receptor and acts to sequester and degrade excess circulating insulin-like growth factor 2, which is critical for normal mammalian growth and development. Thus, IGF2R may serve as a candidate gene underlying growth trait in the common carp. In this study, we isolated the intron one of common carp IGF2R and detected the diversity in 3 continuous generations of FFRC strain common carp. A total of 8 loci were detected within this region, which were named in accordance with their location (i.e., Loc84, Loc106, Loc119, Loc130, Loc145, Loc163, Loc167, and Loc265). Loc106, Loc119, and Loc145 were moderately polymorphic; while Loc84, Loc130, Loc163, Loc167, and Loc265 exhibited slight level of polymorphism. However, significant differences between polymorphism information content values were not observed among the different generations. For Loc145, all generations deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The total number of significant linkage disequilibria for all generations equaled 40. Among them, 4 pairs were detected in each population, while 8 pairs were found in the 2nd and 3rd generations. For Loc130, the G/T genotype exhibited higher body weight when compared to that of the G/G genotype. The frequency of the homozygous G/G genotype reached 87.96%; thus, we can improve FFRC strain common carp growth performance by increasing the percentage of the G/T genotype within a breeding population. Therefore, the G/T genotype could be used as a molecular marker for superior growth traits.

The Efficacy of Chromium as a Growth Enhancer for Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio L): An Integrated Study Using Biochemical, Genetic, and Histological Responses

A growth trial was conducted on juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) for 8 weeks to compare the efficacy of three chromium (Cr) compounds (Cr chloride, Cr picolinate, and Cr yeast) at a level 0.5 mg/kg as a potential growth enhancer. In addition, a high level of Cr (2.0 mg/kg) as Cr chloride has also been added in parallel for comparison. All Cr fortified diets at a level 0.5 mg/kg produced superior growth for carp compared to the control group and the group fed the high level of Cr chloride (2.0 mg/kg). Metabolic indicators measured included two of the key liver enzymes (hexokinase, HK) and (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD) activity. The results validated the positive effect of Cr at a level 0.5 mg/kg on enzyme activity and carbohydrate utilization producing significantly better growth performance for mirror carp. The study also included measurement of DNA strand breaks in the erythrocytes using the comet assay which revealed significantly (P < 0.05) increased DNA damage in fish fed on high level of Cr chloride (2.0 mg/kg) but the other treatments were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the control groups. The concentration of Cr in the liver, gut, and whole fish tissues increased with increasing dietary Cr supplementation. Overall, Cr supplementation at a level 0.5 mg/kg from different sources may affect growth performance in carp by activation of some key liver enzymes (HK and G6PD).

Dietary glutamine supplementation improves structure and function of intestine of juvenile Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary glutamine supplementation on juvenile Jian carp growth performance, structure and function of intestine. Six experimental diets supplemented 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0% l-glutamine were fed to three-replicate groups of fish (mean weight: 7.78 ± 0.02 g) for 80 days. Glutamine supplementation improved weight gain, feed intake, gain:feed ratio, intestinal weight, fold height and digestive enzyme activities ( P < 0.05). These results provide an experimental basis for use of glutamine in improving growth performance, intestinal structure and function of juvenile Jian carp.

Growth Performance of Carps in Pen Culture in A Floodplain Wetland of West Bengal

Pen culture experiments with Indian major carps {Cat la cat la, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) were carried out in a floodplain wetland (Mathura beel) in North 24-Parganas district of West Bengal to standardize the stocking density vis-a-vis growth performance. The stocking densities evaluated were 10,000,20,000 and 30,000 nos/ha with two replications for each. The productions obtained from the pens have been estimated as 2857.5, 2637.6 and 2606.2 kg/ha, respectively at three stocking densities. Most essential ecological components like physico-chemical parameters, plankton, benthos, periphyton and macrophytic fauna were estimated at regular intervals. Stocking density of 10,000 nos/ha with a mortality rate of 10% yielded best results in fish harvest. Average size of the fishes was 400 g for C. catla, 300 g for L. rohita and 225 g for C. mrigala in 150 days of culture period. Increase in stocking densities probably resulted in the crowding and increase of mortality rate between 30% and 37%. Higher stocking density reduced the growth rate and the net yield.

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth Performance of Carps in Earthen Ponds through Polyculture System

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food-producing sector in the World and has exhibited continuous improving in total production throughout the recent decades. A carp polyculture experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth performance of major carps in semi-intensive fish culture system. Two earthen ponds located at Kadirganj of Boalia thana under Rajshahi district of Bangladesh were selected to study the effect of fertilizer (organic as cowdung and in-organic as triple super phosphate) in supplemented ponds on the growth of carps. Pond -01 was fertilized with cowdung and TSP at the rate of 1728 and 20 kg/h respectively, at 10-day intervals. Pond -02 was without fertilizer. Each pond was stocked with 30% Labeo rohita, 20% Catla catla, 15% Cirrhinus mrigala, 15% Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and 20% Cyprinus carpio with a total stocking density of 10000/ha. Both ponds were supplemented with mustard oil cake, rice bran and maize bran at the rate of 2.5 kg/ha for each, given for a period of six months as daily basis. The net fish production was found to be 2605 and 1795 kg/ha/year in pond -01 and pond -02, respectively. The results showed that fish production was significantly higher in pond -01 than pond -02 (P&lt;0.05). Pond -01 showed 1.45 times greater fish production than that of pond -02. The results of this study provided invaluable information for the sustainable aquaculture, as well as providing an important baseline for future studies within Bangladesh and surrounding developing countries.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5727