Growth Performance Of Broiler Chickens Research Articles

MicroRNA expression and oxidative stress markers in pectoral muscle of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with phytobiotics composition

Phytobiotic compositions are commercially used in broiler production, mostly to improve general health and the production parameters. Moreover, some of their active substances may change the expression of miRNA in different tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the phytobiotic composition (PBC) containing white mustard, calamus, turmeric, and common ivy on production parameters, oxidative stress markers and expression of selected miRNAs in pectoral muscle of broiler chickens. The experiment was performed on broiler chickens fed the control diet (without PBC), and a diet supplemented with 60 or 100 mg/kg of PBC for 35 days. After the experiment, samples (blood and muscle) were collected for analyses. The analyzed production parameters included: feed conversion ratio, feed intake and body weight. There was no effect on growth performance of broiler chickens but feeding diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg phytobiotics significantly increased the expression of miR-30a-5p, miR-181a-5p, and miR-206, and decreased that of miR-99a-5p, miR-133a-5p, miR-142-5p, and miR-222 in pectoral muscle of chickens. The addition of 100 mg/kg phytobiotics significantly increased miR-99a-5p and miR-181a-5p expression, and caused down-regulation of the expression of miR-26a-5p and miR-30a-5p. Chickens fed diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg PBC had lower level of lipid peroxidation products in blood, while in the muscle tissue it was higher in birds fed a diet with the addition of 60 mg/kg as compared to the control group. The results suggest that this unique composition of phytobiotics does not affect productive traits but can change expression of miRNAs that are crucial for muscle physiology and pathology in broiler chickens. This additive may also protect against the oxidative stress but the effect is dose dependent.

Golden mussel shell (<i>Limnoperna fortunei</i>) flour contaminated with cadmium as a calcium source for broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of golden mussel flour (GMSF) contaminated with increasing rates of cadmium (Cd) as a replacement for limestone as a Ca source, in broiler chicken feed from 14 to 42 days of age. A total of 60 animals were assigned to four treatments (inclusion rates of Cd: 6.94, 14.55, 22.40, and 30.00 mg Cd kg-¹) with five replications in a completely randomized design. At 42 d, blood samples were collected to evaluate serum concentrations of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin, Ca, P, and Cd. After slaughter, tissues were collected to evaluate Cd concentration in bone parameters. Growth performance of broiler chickens and Cd content in the breast meat were not affected by the inclusion rates of Cd in the GMSF. However, there was an effect of Cd in GMSF on the concentration of Cd in the skin, liver, bones, feathers, and serum; ALT; and total bilirubin. Bone flexibility had a quadratic response to increasing inclusion rates of GMSF; serum Ca concentration increased linearly and there was no effect on serum P concentration. Concentrations of Cd in GMSF above 20 mg kg-¹ caused high Cd contamination in broiler tissues. Therefore, it was concluded that Cd concentrations above 6.94 mg kg-¹ in broiler diets caused high Cd concentrations in meat and organs that are above those permitted for human consumption

Phytosome-conjugated carvacrol: A novel approach for improving growth performance, intestinal morphology and economics of production in Broiler Chicken

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. However, considering problems associated with the solubility and bioavailability of polyphenolic compounds, the study was planned to find out the effect of the novel feed-grade delivery system, phytosomes for conjugation of plant-derived polyphenolic compound carvacrol on the growth performance of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted, on 240 broiler chicks for a period of 6 weeks. The chicks were divided into 4 groups having 4 replicates of 15 birds each. The birds in the control group (T0) offered a standard diet as per BIS (2007) specification. Group T1 received a standard diet supplemented with Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD) antibiotic at standard dose and group T2 received a standard diet supplemented with carvacrol essential oil @100 mg/kg feed. Group T3 received a standard diet supplemented with phytosome-conjugated carvacrol essential oil (carvacrol @16.6%) @100 mg/kg feed. The performance of all the treatment groups was assessed with respect to the different performance parameters. The supplementation of phytosome-conjugated carvacrol essential oil (carvacrol @16.6%) @ 100 mg/kg feed was found beneficial in terms of growth performance, feed efficiency, and intestinal morphometry. In terms of economics of broiler production, the results revealed that the addition of phytosome- conjugated carvacrol essential oil and carvacrol essential oil in diets was found beneficial in reducing the cost of broiler production, thereby enhancing the margin of profit in broiler production and fetching higher net profit than the control group.

Growth performance, carcass, and meat quality traits in broiler chickens reared on plastic-grid flooring, wood shavings, and zeolite-supplemented wood shavings.

This study aimed to assess the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality traits of broiler chickens raised on plastic-grid floors, traditional wood shavings, and wood shavings enriched with zeolite. The experimental design included the allocation of 504-day-old chicks to three different bedding materials, namely wood shavings, plastic-grid floors, and zeolite litter, each with four replications (42 birds per replicate). The chicks were individually weighed at birth and grouped according to their average body weights. An experiment involving 504 chicks was conducted, with each replicate consisting of 42 male chicks of similar body weight. At the end of the experiment, a total of 120 chickens were slaughtered with 10 chickens selected from each replicate for processing carcass and meat quality traits. The effects of different bedding materials on mortality (P = 0.812), body weight (P = 0.565), and body weight gain (P = 0.569) were not significant. The ANOVA test was conducted to compare the main effects of performance, carcass, and meat quality characteristics. The feed intake was significantly affected in the 2nd, and 3rd weeks (P = 0.001; 0.023); in addition, the feed conversion ratio was significant in the 2nd, 4th, and overall period (P = 0.003; P = 0.026; P = 0.038) by the bedding materials. The breast yield (P = 0.001), thigh yield (P = 0.028), and wing yield (P = 0.023) were significant. The type of bedding material used in broiler production significantly influenced the pH24 (P = 0.030), L* (P = 0.037), a* (P = 0.000), and CL (P = 0.028). It was concluded that both a plastic-grid floor and zeolite supplementation to wood shaving litter did not significantly affect overall growth performance in broiler chickens. However, the plastic-grid floor showed superior effects on breast meat yield and quality characteristics, particularly reducing cooking loss, when compared to zeolite supplementation in wood shaving litter. The plastic-grid floor led to a slight increase in the feed conversion ratio. Consequently, adopting a plastic grid floor emerges as a viable alternative to traditional wood shavings in broiler farming.

The amino acid pattern and dynamics of body protein, body fat deposition in male and female broilers under different temperatures

The present study was conducted 1) to investigate the effects of gender and temperature on growth performance in broiler chickens and 2) to establish body protein and fat deposition curves and amino acid patterns for broilers of both genders at different ambient temperatures. A total of 432 1-day-old (d) Arbor Acres chickens with a male/female ratio of 1:1 were randomly divided into the following 4 treatment groups: the male thermoneutral group, the female thermoneutral group, the male heat stress group, and the female heat stress group. The chickens in the thermoneutral groups were kept at a comfortable temperature from 1 to 42 d, while chickens in the heat stress groups were kept at a comfortable temperature from 1 to 28 d and at a high ambient temperature from d 29 to 42. The body composition retention data were obtained by comparative slaughter method, and the models were constructed by the Gompertz model. The results revealed significant variation in body protein content (BPC) and body fat deposition efficiency (BFE) between both genders and the 2 temperatures. Moreover, a noteworthy interaction between gender and temperature was observed in terms of the BPC and protein deposition efficiency (BPE). The following equations for body protein and body fat deposition in the thermoneutral groups were obtained: Body protein weight of male broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body protein weight of female broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body fat weight of male broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body fat weight of female broilers: [Formula: see text] . Where t means age (d). The following equations for body protein and body fat deposition in the heat stress groups were obtained: Body protein weight of male broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body protein weight of female broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body fat weight of male broilers: [Formula: see text] ; Body fat weight of female broilers: [Formula: see text] . Where t means age (d). In addition, no significant difference in amino acid content was found between different genders and temperatures. The amino acid pattern could be divided into 2 stages: 0 to 14 d and 15 to 42 d. Our equations and patterns enable a deeper understanding of the nutritional requirements in broiler chickens under various temperature conditions. This enables researchers to develop more accurate feeding programs to fulfill the growth and health requirements of broiler chickens.

Effects of fermented palm kernel cake in acidic and basic solutions on the performance of broiler chickens

Palm kernel meal is a by-product used very sparingly in poultry feed, due to its low nutritional value and gravelly appearance which could be improved by physical or chemical treatments. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of palm-kernel meal fermentation period on its nutritional value and growth performances of broiler chickens. The treatment consisted of fermenting palm kernel meal in a solution of humic acid (HA) or limestone, for 0, 2, 4 and 6 days. A control ration without palm kernel meal (R0) was compared to rations containing 15% unfermented palm kernel cake (R0+) and 15% fermented palm kernel cake in humic acid and limestone solutions. Each experimental ration was randomly assigned to 8 chicks in 4 experimental units of 02 chicks each, repeated 4 times per a 2×3 factorial design (2 fermentation modes and 3 fermentation period). The main results showed that fat content (13.04%) and metabolizable energy (5314 Kcal/kg DM) of palm kernel meal were higher when fermented in humic acid for 6 days. Fermentation in the basic solution for the same period (6 days) increased protein (13.52%) and cellulose (24.21%) contents. Whatever the fermentation mode, the digestive utilization coefficient of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude cellulose increased with the fermentation period. Fermentation mode and period had no significant effect on growth performance. However, growth characteristics tended to improve with fermentation period. In conclusion, fermentation of palm kernel in humic acid and limestone solutions improved significantly (P<0.05) the digestibility of all feed components, enabling chickens to take advantage of the nutrients for better growth performances.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Arginine on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

The purpose of this research added arginine to increase the growth of broiler chickens in Nangarhar University, Agriculture research farm in Afghanistan, study discovered Over 96 one-day broiler chickens in 42 days based on the record of their daily behaviors, Hence, record of the chickens have divided into Four groups, each group being divided into three replications. Each replication of each group consisted of eight chickens, the first group was control and the other three were treatment groups, such as, in T1 group (0.1%) on the arginine Dose given, the second T2 group 0.2% arginine was added to the Dose, and T3 group added arginine (0.3%) through the factor of FCR such as Weight gain, feed intake. Nevertheless, by statistical analysis, that Null hypothesis is fail to rejected, p-value is greater than 0.05 means there is no significant change amongst with the experimental groups in the first three weeks and also in the control group as well as at the fourth, fifth, and sixth weeks, P value is less than 0.05, hence Null hypothesis is rejected (Type 1error), there is a significant difference between the treatment groups and the control group. Furthermore, all group feed conversion ratio (H0) is rejected. Study emphasized that’s adding 0.3 per cent of arginine to daily diet chickens increase weight by less consumed feed as well reduce of mortality rate. According to this study, it is recommended that 0.3% arginine should be added to the chicken diet after the third week, to gain more weight by consuming a small amount of diet.

Spirulina platensis as a growth booster for broiler; Insights into their nutritional, molecular, immunohistopathological, and microbiota modulating effects

BackgroundThe present study is designed to assess the effect of adding various doses of Spirulina platensis (SP) on broiler chicken growth performance, gut health, antioxidant biomarkers, cecal microbiota, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 240 male Cobb 500 broiler chicks (1 day old) were placed into four groups (sixty birds/group), then each group was further divided into three replicates of 20 chickens each for 35 days. Birds were allocated as follows; the 1st group (G1), the control group, fed on basal diet, the 2nd group (G2): basal diet plus SP (0.1%), the 3rd group (G3): basal diet plus SP (0.3%), and the 4th group (G4): basal diet plus SP (0.5%).ResultsThroughout the trial (d 1 to 35), SP fortification significantly increased body weight growth (BWG) and feed conversion rate (FCR) (P < 0.05). Bursa considerably increased among the immunological organs in the Spirulina-supplemented groups. Within SP-supplemented groups, there was a substantial increase in catalase activity, blood total antioxidant capacity, jejunal superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity (P < 0.05). Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), one of the gut barrier health biomarkers, significantly increased in the SP-supplemented groups but the IL-1β gene did not significantly differ across the groups (P < 0.05). Different organs in the control group showed histopathological changes, while the SP-supplemented chicken showed fewer or no signs of these lesions. The control group had higher levels of iNOS expression in the gut than the SP-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). Cecal Lactobacillus count significantly elevated with increasing the rate of SP inclusion rate (p < 0.05). ConclusionSupplementing broiler diets with SP, particularly at 0.5%, can improve productivity and profitability by promoting weight increase, feed utilization, antioxidant status, immunity, and gastrointestinal health.

Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation to a Low-Protein Diet on the Growth Performance and Protein Metabolism-related Factors in Broiler Chicks.

A low-protein (LP) diet may alleviate the environmental impact of chicken meat production by reducing nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions. Thus, this study investigated the effect of a 15% reduced protein diet with or without amino acid (AA) supplementation on the growth performance of broiler chicks from 10 to 35 days of age and the underlying mechanism for loss of skeletal muscle mass. Thirty-six male broiler chicks were allocated to three experimental groups based on body weight: control, LP, and essential AA-supplemented LP (LP+AA). The body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and weight of breast muscles and legs significantly decreased only in the LP group at the end of the feeding period. Plasma uric acid levels were significantly lower in the LP+AA group than those of the other groups. In the LP group, mRNA levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 isoform B were significantly higher in the pectoralis major, whereas those of atrogin-1, muscle RING-finger protein-1, and myoblast determination protein 1 were significantly higher in the biceps femoris compared to those in the control group. There were no significant differences in insulin-like growth factor 1 mRNA levels in the liver or skeletal muscle between groups. These findings suggested that supplementation with essential AAs ameliorated the impaired effects of an LP diet on growth performance in broiler chicks, and that the transcriptional changes in proteolytic genes in skeletal muscles might be related to the impaired effects of the LP diet.

Economic Evaluation of Using Azolla on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens: Gene Expression Impact

Economic Evaluation of Using Azolla on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens: Gene Expression Impact

Effects of Supplemental Glutamine and Lysine on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

Effects of Supplemental Glutamine and Lysine on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

Oxidative status, immune response and growth performance of broiler chickens treated with different multi-strain probiotics

Oxidative status, immune response and growth performance of broiler chickens treated with different multi-strain probiotics

Impact of Supplementation of Poultry Feed with Locally Characterized Recombinant Thermostable Xylanase on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chicks

Impact of Supplementation of Poultry Feed with Locally Characterized Recombinant Thermostable Xylanase on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chicks

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND OXIDATIVE STATUS OF BROILER CHICKS FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH LYSOLECITHIN

Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental lysolecithin at different levels on the growth performance of broiler chicks. One hundred and eighty (180) day-old broiler chicks were used for the study. The birds were randomly allotted to five treatment groups of 36 birds each, and assigned to five treatments using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were as follows: Treatment 1,0g lysolecithin; Treatment 2, 100g lysolecithin/100kg of feed; Treatment 3, 200g lysolecithin/100kg of feed; Treatment 4, 300g lysolecithin/100kg of feed and Treatment 5, 400g lysolecithin/100kg of feed. Each treatment was replicated 3 times with 12 birds per replicate. Feed and water were provided to the birds ad libitum. Results showed that there were significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) among the dietary treatments in final body weight, total weight gain and average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, Feed Conversion Ratio FCR, Protein Efficiency Ratio PER and feed cost per kg gain values of the broiler chicks. Birds fed diets containing lysolecithin had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher final body weight, total weight gain and daily weight gain values than those fed the control diet (diet containing 0% lysolecithin). Birds in treatment 2 (diet containing 100g of lysolecithin /100kg of diet) had the highest average daily feed intake value. Birds fed diets containing lysolecithin had similar FCR values and these were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower than the FCR value of birds fed the control diet. Birds fed diets containing lysolecithin had similar PER values and these were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher than the PER value of birds fed the control diet. Birds fed diets containing lysolecithin had similar feed cost per kg gain values and these were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower than the feed cost per kg gain value of birds fed the control diet. It was concluded that the inclusion of lysolecithin as a feed additive in the diet of starter broiler birds improved feed efficiency, growth performance and reduced feed cost per kg weight gain of birds.

Growth performance of broiler chickens of turmeric (Curcuma longa) turmeric aqueous extract

The effects of Turmeric Powder extract (TPE) on the growth performance of broiler chicken were evaluated in the 5-week study. On 240-day-old chicks weighing 40.9g, levels were supplemented with turmeric powder extracts (TPE) in the water of broiler chicken. In conclusion, there was increased final live weight and weight gain, a better feed conversion ratio (FRC), and body and feed intake with the highest TPE on water. The serum metabolites were not affected by the level of TP in the diets. It was concluded that levels supplemented with turmeric powder Extracts (TPE) in the water of broiler chicken appear to act as a growth promoter with no adverse effect on health status. Keywords: turmeric; broiler; growth performance.

The Effect of Partial Replacement of Yellow Corn by Iraqi Rice Bran Treated with multi-enzymes on the Broiler Performance

Until recently, the central objective of poultry feed formulation was to supply common feedstuff such as corn. Today, the search for sustainable alternatives to traditional feed elements is a primary goal to reduce feed costs. This study was carried out to explore the production performance of the Rice bran in the feeding of broiler Ross 308 chicken. One hundred eighty chicks were fed with Rice bran diets treated with multi-enzyme as a partial replacement (10%) of Yellow Corn. Chicks were distributed into four treatment groups as follows: (L0) control (45% yellow corn), L1, L2 and L3 (10% Rice bran and 35% yellow corn). Rice bran was treated with different amounts of multi-enzymes: 500, 750, and 1000mg of Labazyme\kg diet, respectively. The results showed a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the marketing live body weight and total weight gain for broilers fed with 10% Rice bran and 35% yellow corn. The accumulative feed consumption and conversion ratio were unaffected (no significant difference at P≤0.05) when the Rice bran was treated with 1000 mg of Labazyme\kg diet. This present study concludes that a diet with 10% Rice bran and 35% yellow corn hurts the growth performance of broiler chicken. However, the breeding cost of broiler Ross 308 chicken was reduced when the Rice bran was treated with 1000 mg/kg multi-enzymes (L3 group). There were no effects on the mortality rate of all experimental groups. Keyword: Broiler, Labazyme, Performance, Rice bran, Ross 308.

Effects of Graded Levels of Typha angustifolia Rhizomes on Intestinal Microflora, Immune System, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

Introduction: The ability of growth-promoting antibiotics to accumulate in livestock products such as meat, eggs, and milk, and the antibiotic resistance conferred on bacteria has prompted researchers to turn to phyto-additives. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of Typha angustifolia rhizome powder as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chicken. Materials and methods: For this purpose, 512 one-day-old chickens of the Cobb500 strain were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design of 8 treatments of 16 chicks replicated four times. Experimental rations consisted of incorporating into a control ration 1 g of Doxycycline® (0+), and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g of Typha angustifolia /kg of feed, respectively. Results: The main results revealed that feed intake was not significantly affected by the different treatments. Over the study period, supplementing chicken with 6 g of T. angustifolia/kg increased live weight and weight gain by about 6.72% and 6.82%, respectively, compared to the negative control. Similarly, this phyto-additive, at the incorporation rate of 6 g/kg, decreased the chicken feed conversion ratio by 12.83% compared to the control without additives. The 6 g of Typha angustifolia/kg of feed induced a significant increase in the weight, length, and density of the intestine as compared to the negative control ration. This phyto-additive, whatever the rate, significantly increased the number of lactic acid bacteria, and the digestibility of crude protein and dietary fiber compared to the negative control. Apart from the serum concentration of total cholesterol and high-density cholesterol, which increased significantly with 1 g of Typha angustifolia compared to the negative control, all the haemato-biochemical parameters were not significantly affected by this phyto-additive, whatever the incorporation rate. Conclusion: In the condition of the present study, it was concluded that 6 g of Typha angustifolia/kg of feed can be used as a substitute for antibiotics growth promoters in animal feed.

Evaluation the effect of antibiotics and probiotics supplementation in feed on broilers chicken immunity status

Antibiotics and probiotics play important roles in the feed of broiler chickens. Antibiotics are commonly used in poultry production to prevent and treat bacterial infections, promote growth, and improve feed efficiency. Evaluation of antibiotic and Probiotic effects on growth performance, cecal microbiota, and immune response of broilers were studied. 150 one-day-old male chickens were allocated to five treatments (six replicates of 5 birds per treatment). The chicken challenged was infected with Salmonella Pullorum per os twice at 7 and 8 day-aged.The results of this study suggest that the addition of Brevibacillus laterosporus texasporus culture at a dosage of 100 mg/kg in feed can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens that have been challenged by Salmonella infection. Considering the development of immune organs in broilers, the shift away from AGPs toward probiotics is evident. Probiotics, by fostering a healthier gut environment and supporting gut-associated immune responses, offer a more targeted and sustainable approach to enhancing immune organ development.

Effect of the inclusion of Ganoderma spp. on gut morphometry and growth performance of broiler chickens

Effect of the inclusion of Ganoderma spp. on gut morphometry and growth performance of broiler chickens

Growth Performance of Broiler Chicken Fed with Mung Bean Sprouts as Feed Ration

In the Philippines, organic farming is greatly promoted by the government. Producing an organic product is safer and more secure compared to the use of synthetic materials. In this study, mung bean sprout was used as a complement on a feed ration for the growth of broilers and its effect on feed conversion ratio. The growth of the broiler chicken is a significant factor in consumers' satisfaction. The study was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The birds were randomly distributed, into four (4) treatments and replicated three (3) times, with four (4) birds in for every replication. The different treatments were used in this study, as follows: Treatment 1 - 100% Commercial feeds + 0% fresh mung beans sprouts; Treatment 2 - 100% Commercial feeds + 5% fresh mung beans sprouts; Treatment 3 - 100% Commercial feeds + 10% fresh mung beans sprouts; and Treatment 4 - 100% Commercial feeds + 15% fresh mung beans sprouts. Overall results revealed that, Treatment 4 (100% Commercial feeds plus 15% fresh mung bean sprouts) has the highest body weight gain of 548.67 grams and the lowest feed conversion ratio of 1.74, revealing significant effects after 28 days of feeding broiler chickens with mung sprouts complimented feed ration.