Values Of Growth Parameters Research Articles

Synergistic effects of autochthonous probiotic bacterium and Mentha piperita diets in Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) for enhanced growth and immune response

Two dietary experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of the herb Mentha piperita as a dietary supplement on Catla catla. In Experiment 1, fingerlings (0.45–2.60 g) were fed on diets supplemented with M. piperita at different levels (P1, P2, P3, and P4 at 2, 4, 6, and 8 g Kg−1 of feed) and C1 served as the control with no peppermint supplementation. In Experiment 2, fingerlings (0.40–3.15 g) were fed with diets containing autochthonous probiotic bacteria Bacillus coagulans (3000 colony forming unit g−1) along with M. piperita (PP1-PP4 at 2, 4, 6, and 8 g Kg−1 of feed) and feed C2 served as control containing probiotics but no peppermint. Significantly (P < 0.05) high values of growth parameters, digestive enzyme activities, low reed conservation ratio, low excretion of ammonia, and orthophosphates were observed in fingerlings fed with P3 for Experiment 1 and PP3 for Experiment 2. Hematological counts, phagocytic activity, and respiratory burst activity were also enhanced in fingerlings fed with M. piperita supplementation revealing that dietary administration of peppermint at optimum level can enhance the growth, digestibility, and immunity of C. catla fingerlings; however, incorporation of B. coagulans showed better growth and immunity revealing that synergistic effects of M. piperita and autochthonous probiotic in C. catla diets can lead to its sustainable aquaculture.

Influence of Five Years of Tillage and Poultry Manure Application on Soil Properties and Ginger (Ziginber officinale Roscoe) Productivity

Tillage and use of organic manure are essential agronomic practices that affect soil properties and have a direct impact on soil sustainability and crop productivity. Hence, a five-year (2012 to 2016) field trial was carried at two sites (Owo — site 1 and Uso — site 2), in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria to assess the effect of tillage and poultry manure on soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). The study was a 2 × 5 × 5 factorial experiment with three replicates. The treatments were five tillage methods; zero tillage (ZT), manual ridging (MR), manual mounding (MM), ploughing plus harrowing (P+H), and ploughing plus harrowing twice (P+2H) and five levels of poultry manure (PM) (0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 t ha−1). Soil bulk density (BD) increased, while soil water content (WC) decreased with increase in tillage intensity, whereas soil OM, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg reduced with increase in tillage intensity, thus ZT conserved soil OM and nutrients the most, and increased nutrient uptake. Soil OM and nutrient concentrations was lowest under the P+2H treatment due to leaching, oxidation, and increased biological activity. The ZT, MR, and MM treatments prompted quicker growth and higher rhizome yield. As PM increased from 0 to 20.0 t ha−1 soil BD and WC tend to improve and soil pH, OM, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg increased. The 15.0 t ha−1 PM gave the highest soil K, Ca, and Mg values. Site 1 had significantly higher growth and yield parameters of ginger compared with site 2. Growth and yield parameters of ginger increased with increase in PM level up to 15.0 t ha−1. Among all tillage cum manure treatments, ZT+15.0 t ha−1 PM gave the highest values of growth and yield parameters of ginger.

Evaluation of the natural and artificial regeneration of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. stands in the Forest District Nowa Dęba

Abstract The main purpose of this article was to highlight the potential for enhancing positive silvicultural effects and their dependency on the management method in Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. stands. We therefore assessed the impact of natural and artificial regeneration on vitality and health, compaction, surface coverage and seedlings height. Another important goal was to assess the severity of damage in the selected forest sites. A comparative analysis was carried out based on results from field work conducted in the autumn 2010 in the Forest District Nowa Dęba. As part of this field work, also the breeding quality of the analyzed pine renewals was assessed. The obtained results indicate that natural regeneration of Scots pine under the conditions of a fresh coniferous forest as well as a fresh mixed coniferous forest is the most reasonable management practice. In wet mixed coniferous forests however, the naturally regenerating Scots pine seedlings are of lower silvicultural quality and growth parameter values compared to those in artificially regenerated stands. In fresh mixed broadleaved forests, naturally regenerated Scot pine trees showed slightly lower silvicultural quality and vitality than artificially regenerated trees. Our results indicate furthermore that there are indeed conditions under which the restoration of Scots pine in the Nowa Dęba Forest District using natural regeneration is preferable. We also found that the employed method of renewing has a significant impact on pine growth parameters in the moist mixed coniferous forest habitat. Naturally renewing pines are characterized by a lower overall viability, but at the same time natural regeneration provides a larger number of individuals with the best viability (1st vitality class), which can be a valuable selection basis for trees used in breeding.

Evaluation of maize (Zea mays) cultivars under organic production system in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

Increased awareness of environmental degradation and growing concern of human health has attracted worldwide attention towards organic farming. A field experiment was carried out during kharif of 2013–2014 to identify suitable maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars having high yield potential under organic production system. Twelve released cultivars of maize varied in duration and nitrogen requirement were evaluated. Results revealed that late maturing cultivars PMH-1 and PMH-3 being at par to each other recorded the significantly higher values of growth parameters like plant height, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index; and yield attributes in terms of cobs plant, cob length, cob girth, grain rows/cob, grains/row and test weight, whereas the extra early cultivars like Vivek QPM-9 being at par with Vivek Hybrid-9 registered the lowest values of growth and yield attributes. The late maturing cultivars like PMH-1, PMH-3, Seed tech-2324 and Bio-9681 produced significantly higher grain yield (&gt;5.0 t/ha) and biological yield (&gt;12.5 t/ha). Cultivars PMH-4 among medium maturity group produced comparable yield with late cultivars. Grain yield across the varied duration cultivars had a significant positive correlation with cob length, grains/row and N uptake. As per their maturity class, the extra early and early cultivars commence silking (&lt;50 days) and physiological maturity (&lt;82 days) significantly earlier than medium and late cultivars. Moreover, extra early cultivars (Vivek Hybrid-9 and Vivek QPM-9) recorded significantly higher protein content in grain amongst the cultivars tested. The late cultivars PMH-1 and PMH-3 being at par with each other recorded the highest N, P and K uptake in plants while lowest nutrient uptake was observed in the extra early Vivek QPM-9 and Vivek Hybrid-9. Late cultivar PMH-3 followed by PMH-1 recorded the highest net returns (` 66,759) and B:C ratio (1.79) of organic maize cultivation. Soil fertility status in terms of organic carbon, available P and K could not be influenced significantly, however the available N content was significantly higher under extra early cultivars Vivek QPM-9 (172.1 kg/ha) and Vivek Hybrid-9 (170.3 kg/ha). Thus, it can be concluded that PMH-1 and PMH-3 cultivars of maize are most suitable for growing in north-western plains region of Uttar Pradesh under organic production system.

On unified stability for a class of chemostat model with generic growth rate functions: Maximum yield as control goal

A unified criterion for stability is dealt for a class of chemostat model which includes a generic growth rate function representing substrate, biomass, and product inhibitions. The stability criterion is unified at sense that the growth kinetic rate takes a general form into the vector field and includes both the maintenance coefficient and the death rate parameters. Sufficient conditions are provided for multiplicity of the steady states. In addition, from a local analysis, an expression is proposed as a unified criterion for the local stability and for local bifurcations existence. Hence, a control design relies the unified criterion to account local stability and bifurcation with independence of the specific growth rate governing a chemostat. The criterion is based on partial derivatives which allows us to reduce the calculation needed to determine the equilibrium point stability and the bifurcation points existence. Analytical features of the chemostat were investigated when the maximum of productivity was set as the control objective. Results are illustrated through bifurcation diagrams for the specific growth rate models and parameter values reported in the scientific literature, and with examples for which the maximum of productivity is structurally stable. In this sense, the unified criterion is a tool for the formulation of the extremum seeking problem as well. Finally, some examples for applicability of the results are shown for chemostat that might be governed by different growth rates.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY NANO-ZINC AND NANO-SELENIUM ADDITION ON PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS AT FATTENING PERIOD

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary Nano-zinc (Nano-Zn) and Nano-selenium (Nano-Se) supplementation on growth performance, nutrients utilization, carcass parameters and blood plasma biochemical in growing rabbits. A total of 50, six-week-old New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits of about 815 g l.b.w. were randomly distributed into five equal groups. The control group was fed on a basal diet without any supplement; the second and third groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 30 and 60 mg Nano-Zn/kg, respectively, while the fourth and fifth groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1 and 0.3 mg Nano-Se/kg, respectively during the experimental period (6-12 wks of age).The results revealed that rabbits fed diet supplemented with different Nano-Zn or Nano-Se levels had higher (P>0.05) live body weight at 12 wks than the control. Moreover, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were insignificantly improved comparing with the control group at the whole experimental period (6-12 wks of age), rabbits fed diet supplemented with 60 mg Nano-Zn or 0.3 mg Nano-Se/kg recorded the higher value of different growth parameters. All studied nutrients digestibility and carcass traits were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. No significant differences were observed among experimental rabbit groups in studied plasma parameters by dietary Nano-Zn or Nano-Se supplementation as compared with the control group. Results generally showed that the best results in most studied traits were recorded for dietary 60 mg Nano-zinc or 0.3 mg Nano-selenium / kg diet of growing rabbits during experimental period. Therefore, the addition of 60 mg Nano-Zn or 0.3 mg Nano-Se/kg diet may be an alternative method to maximize the productivity of growing NZW rabbits without adverse effects during fattening period.

Bio-efficacy of Bacillus subtilis against Damping off Disease in Brinjal

Bacillus sp is one of the biocontrol agents are extensively used in management of fungal diseases of crop plants, exhibiting mycoparasitism against a wide range of plant pathogens. In the present investigation Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis was tested against Pythium aphanidermatum under glass house and field conditions. With regard to the germination and seedling growth parameters, the treatment T2 (liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis @10 ml/L) recorded the highest germination percentage (92.59%), shoot length (59.3 cm), root length (24.3 cm), vigor index (7740.52) and yield (22.67 mt/ha). This was followed by the treatments T3, T1 and T4 in the decreasing order of merit. In the biometric observations also, 10 ml/L and 20 ml/L concentration of liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis recorded statistically significant results. Observations on total protein content in brinjal plants treated with different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis revealed that treatment T2 was found best in both field and glass house conditions yielded highest protein as 0.44mg/ml and 0.30mg/ml respectively. The least values of germination, growth parameters, protein content and yield were observed in untreated control.

Influence of Nitrogen Fertilization, Its Time of Application and Intra -Row Spacing on Growth Performance of Extra Early Maize in the Sudan Savanna, Nigeria

A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 dry seasons at Institute for Agricultural Research Farm Kadawa and Zobe Irrigation Fields at to study the influence of intra-row spacing, nitrogen fertilizer and time of its application on the performance of extra early maize. The treatments tested consisted of factorial combinations of three levels of nitrogen (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha), three intra row spacing (15 cm, 25 cm, and 35 cm) and three different times of fertilizer application (at planting+4WAS, 2WAS+4WAS and 2WAS+4WAS+6WAS). The treatments were laid in a split-plot design in four replications with the combination of nitrogen levels and its times of application assigned to the main plot, while intra row spacing assigned to sub-plot. The results of the investigation showed that 25 cm and 35 cm intra row spacing produced the tallest plants, higher number of leaves per plant and number of grains per row at Dutsinma. At Kadawa most of the parameters showed no significant effect on intra row spacing. Nitrogen fertilizer at 120 kg/ha resulted in higher values of growth parameters at both locations. Time of fertilizer application affected growth performance such as plant height, number of leaves per plant and number of days to tasseling and silking at both locations.

Effect of Tuber Soaking Periods with some Activators on Growth and Productivity of Potato

Two field experiments were carried out during 2017 and 2018 summer seasons at private farm in Aga, El-Dakahlia governorate, to investigate the effect of soaking periods of some activators and their interaction on vegetative growth parameters, minerals composition and biochemical parameters in leaves, yield and tuber quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Cara). The experiment was arranged in split plot design in complete blocks randomized. This research included 12 treatments consist of 3 soaking periods of activators (1 hours, 2 hours and 3 hours) and 4 activators i.e., licorice root extract (LRE) at 5 g L-1, zinc (Zn) and boron (B) (100+50) mg L-1, yeast extract at 5 g L-1 in addition control treatment (tap water). Obtained results revealed that soaking tubers pre planting 3 hours gave the highest values of vegetative growth parameters, minerals composition and biochemical parameters in leaves, yield and most tuber quality. All activators significantly enhanced measured parameters compared to the control treatment. LRE at 5 g L-1 gave the maximum values of most vegetative growth parameters, minerals composition and biochemical parameters in leaves, yield and tuber quality. Thus, It can be recommended that soaking tuber pre planting 3 hours with LRE at 5 g L-1 increased potato growth, yield and quality.

GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EGGPLANT AS AFFECTED BY PINK PIGMENTED FACULTATIVE METHYLOTROPHIC BACTERIA

The present study was suggested as an attempt to investigate the effects of Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophic Bacteria (PPFM) dipping and foliar spray on vegetative growth and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Field experiments were carried out during the summer seasons of 2014 and 2015 at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. The vegetative growth of eggplant responded positively to dipping seedlings in PPFM which gave the highest values of growth parameters, i.e. number of leaves per plant, leaf area, nitrogen & potassium concentration in leaf and total protein in fruit, in the two seasons as compared with control (dipping in water). The application of PPFM as foliar spray, increased significantly plant growth (plant length, leaf number, potassium concentration in leaf, vitamin C in fruit and total yield per plant) in the two seasons as compared with the other studied foliar application treatments. The interaction between dipping seedlings in PPFM and PPFM foliar spray with all concentrations gave synergistic effects on growth parameters and yield components of eggplant, during the two growing seasons as compared with either individual foliar application or control plants.

Building bridges between global information systems on marine organisms and ecosystem models

To facilitate the wider implementation of ecosystem modeling platforms and, thereby, to help advance ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) worldwide, tools delivering a large quantity of inputs to ecosystem models are needed. We developed a web application providing OSMOSE ecosystem models with values for trophic, growth and reproduction parameters derived from data from two global information systems (FishBase and SeaLifeBase). Our web application guides the user through simple queries to extract information from FishBase and SeaLifeBase data archives, and it delivers all the configuration files necessary for running an OSMOSE model. Here, we present our web application and demonstrate it for the West Florida Shelf ecosystem. Our software architecture can serve as a basis for designing other advanced web applications using FishBase and SeaLifeBase data in support of EBFM.

Ensemble models for data-poor assessment: accounting for uncertainty in life-history information

AbstractLength measurements from fishery catch can be used in data-limited assessments to estimate important population parameters to guide management, but results are highly sensitive to assumptions about biological information. Ideally, local life history studies inform biological parameters. In the absence of reliable local estimates, scientists and managers face the difficult task of agreeing on fixed values for life-history parameters, often leading to additional uncertainty unquantified in the assessment or indecision defaulting to status-quo management. We propose an ensemble approach for incorporating life history uncertainty into data-limited stock assessments. We develop multivariate distributions of growth, mortality, and maturity parameter values, then use bivariate interpolation and stacking as an ensemble learning algorithm to propagate uncertainty into length-based, data-limited stock assessment models. Simulation testing demonstrated that stacking across life history parameter values leads to improved interval coverage over simple model averaging or assuming the parameter distribution means when the true life-history parameter values are unknown. We then applied the stacking approach for a U.S. Caribbean stock where the Scientific and Statistical Committee did not accept the assessment due to uncertainty in life history parameters. Stacking can better characterize uncertainty in stock status whenever life-history parameters are unknown but likely parameter distributions are available.

EFFECT OF SOME MAJOR ELEMENTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PARAMETERS IN FISH

he present experiment was conducted to determine the optimal source and level of phosphorus supplementation in commercial feeds with the highest growth rate and the lowest releasing in environmental and protect water quality of Nile Juveniles tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were divided into twelve groups (groups) each group was stocked into two aquaria each contains 10 fish. Fish were fed diet contained different levels of phosphorus (0.005, 0.007, 0.009 and 0.011%Kg diet phosphorus) from three different sources of phosphorus (mono calcium phosphate, mono potassium phosphate and mono sodium phosphate) for a period of 12 weeks. Results showed that average daily gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversation ratio were significantly improved at (p) 1.1% dietary phosphorus level with mono sodium phosphate as the source of phosphorus, mono calcium phosphate represented the highest significant (P<0.05) value of growth and blood parameters (Packed cell volume (PCV), Hemoglobein(Hb) ,red blood cell(RBC) and white blood cell(WBC) in Oreochromis niloticus . Concerning levels of phosphorus the result clearly indicated that the 0.9% phosphorus level recorded the significant (P<0.05) highest growth and blood parameters in Oreochromis niloticus. Body composition analysis showed that the whole body protein and ash content were increased linearly but lipid was decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary of phosphorus.

Effect of irrigation, nitrogen levels and methods of fertilizer application on growth, yield and profitability of yard long bean [Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt

A field experiment was conducted during the summer, 2014 at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala to evaluate the influence of irrigation levels, nitrogen stress and method of application of fertilizers on growth and yield of yard long bean. The experiment consisted of four levels of irrigation, two levels of nitrogen and two methods of application. The results indicated that daily irrigation at 10 mm depth and recommended dose of nitrogen (30 kg ha-1) recorded superior values for growth parameters viz., functional leaves per plant and leaf area index The major yield attributes like number of pods per plant and pod yield per plant and total pod yield were not influenced by levels of irrigation and nitrogen indicating that irrigation once in three days at 20 mm depth and nitrogen level of 22.5 kg ha-1 is sufficient for yard long bean. Soil and foliar application of nitrogen and potassium recorded superior growth characters, however, the yield was superior when the recommended dose of nutrients were supplied as soil application. Increasing irrigation interval to three days and imparting N stress did not result in any reduction in gross income and net income while, a higher benefit: cost ratio was noted in irrigation at wider intervals. Soil application of nutrients recorded higher gross income, net income and BCR compared to soil + foliar application.

Age and growth of the axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne, Sparidae), in the central coast of Algeria, Mediterranean Sea

Age and growth of the axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne, Sparidae), in the central coast of Algeria, Mediterranean Sea

Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of rabi onion and its residual effect on succeeding okra crop

The field experiment was conducted to access the effect of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of rabi onion (Allium cepa L.) and its residual effect on succeeding crop okra. The experiment comprised of 36 treatment combinations and replicated three times, was laid out in split-plot design with three fertility levels (0, 75 and 100% of recommended dose of NPKS) and three treatments of organic manures (control, FYM @ 20 t ha−1 and poultry manure @ 5 t ha−1) were applied in main plots. Four bio-fertilizers (No inoculation, PSB inoculation, Azospirillum inoculation and PSB + Azospirillum inoculation) were applied in sub plots. The two year results of the study have clearly showed that application of inorganic fertilizers up to 75% RDF significantly increased all the growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves and chlorophyll content in leaves), yield and yield attributes (bulb diameter, yield of onion and okra). Similarly, application of poultry manure @ 5 t ha−1 significantly increased all the growth parameters, yield and yield attributes of onion. The maximum values for growth parameters, yield and yield attributes achieved on combined inoculation with PSB + Azospirillum. Application of 75 recommended doses of NPKS along with poultry manure @ 5 t ha−1 is better for realizing better bulb diameter and yield of onion. Further it may be concluded that application of 75% RDF of NPKS + 5 t ha−1 poultry manure is worth recommendable for farmers to get significantly better yield, net returns and maximum B: C ratio from onion and its succeeding crop okra by utilizing residual effect of treatment.

Effect of nitrogen doses and inter crops on growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)

A field trial was conducted in 2016-2017 at Vegetable Seed Production Farm, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana in randomized complete block design with three doses of nitrogen (125, 150 and 175 kg/ha) and four summer season vegetables (capsicum, chilli, cucumber and tomato) as intercrops replicated thrice. The maximum plant height (57.11 cm), number of leaves per plant (15.85), leaf size (394.87 cm2), leaf area index (3.39), plant spread (64 cm), head weight (176.72 g), number of axillary sprouts per plant (9.01), weight of axillary sprouts per plant (130.50 g) and total yield (145.47 q/ha) obtained with nitrogen @ 175 kg/ha were statistically at par with nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha. The statistical differences were found to be non-significant in intercropping systems but the sole crop of broccoli showed maximum values for growth and yield parameters. The highest benefit cost ratio (BCR: 3.74) and land equivalent ratio (LER: 1.67) were observed in broccoli + tomato followed by broccoli + chilli.

EFFECT OF SOME IRRIGATION LEVELS AND FOLIAR-SPRAY APPLICATION WITH SOME CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SALVIA HISPANICA IN EGYPT

This study was carried out in two successive seasons (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) at SEKEM company Farm (Bilbase, Sharkya Governorate) on chia (Salvia hispanica) plant which is a new crop introduced lately to Egyptian cultivation as a medicinal plant. The effect of three irrigation levels of different reference evapotranspiration (80, 100 and 120 % ETo) with foliar application of three levels of proline (100, 200 and 300 ppm), salicylic acid (200, 400 and 600 ppm) and putrescine (10, 15 and 20 ppm) in addition to the control treatment (tap water) was investigated on growth and yield of Salvia hispanica cultivated in sandy loam soil with drip irrigation system. The results of the two years experiments indicated that the highest values of plant growth parameters and seeds yield of S. hispanica were obtained from 100 % ETo. While 120 % ETo resulted in the maximum value of roots fresh and dry weights. Foliar-spray application of proline (100 ppm.), salicylic acid (200 ppm) and putrescine (10 ppm) resulted in optimum fresh and dry weights of herbage and roots. Seed yield was higher in plants sprayed with proline (100 ppm) and putrescine (10 ppm), although the differences between them and salicylic acid (200 and 400 ppm) or putrescine (15 ppm) were insignificant in both seasons. This leads us to recommend irrigation of S. hispanica accordingly with 100 % ETo coupled with foliar-spray application of salicylic acid (200 ppm) from the economic point of view.

Types of Shelter and Covering Materials Influencing Growth, Pigment, and Nutrient Concentrations of Baby Rubber Plants (Peperomia obtusifolia)

The cultivation of ornamental plants under different types of shelter and covering materials which reduce light intensity, resulting in morphological and physiological changes, needs to be evaluated before any large-scale use of such types of shelter covers. Baby rubber plants were grown in pots filled with peat under four different shelters and covering materials as follows: MG (multitunnel greenhouse with thermo-reflective aluminised screen), BG (buried solar greenhouse with thermo-reflective aluminised screen), NH (net house covered only with antipest mesh) and NH-AS (net house with antipest mesh and thermo-reflective aluminised screen). At the end of the experiment, the growth parameters and color of leaves, as well as photosynthetic and nutritional parameters, were assessed for each treatment. Baby rubber plants grown under NH-AS showed the highest values for growth parameters. The absence of shading in a net house may result in photoinhibition, reducing the growth and increasing the values of red (R) and blue (B) in leaves, which may be related to the increase of anthocyanin synthesis. The low level of radiation intercepted in the multitunnel and the buried greenhouse increased chlorophyll, N and P leaf concentration, while for K concentration, there was no clear trend and Na and Cl leaf concentration were similar under the different types of shelter. We concluded that the production of baby rubber plants under net house with antipest mesh and thermo-reflective aluminised screen is the best option to maximise the market value of baby rubber plants.

EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND LEAF MINERAL CONTENT OF CHINESE TANGERINE YOUNG TREES BUDDED ON SOME CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS GROWN UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

Wady El Natroun high way (Beer Hooker Area) in a private orchard in a sandy soil under drip irrigation system with saline water. in 2015 and 2016 seasons. Chinese tangerine (Citrus tangerine) transplant were budded on three rootstocks namely sour orange (Citrus aurantum, mion), volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana, Tem) and X639 hybrid between (Cleopatra mandarin × Ponicurus trifoliata) grown under saline conditions to study the effect of foliar application of antioxidants namely ascorbic and salicylic acid on vegetative growth and leaf mineral contents. Results showed that, Volkamer lemon rootstock surpassed sour orange and x639 rootstocks under saline conditions, the highest incremental percentage young tree height, stem diameter, number of leaves per shoot and leaf area were registered by Chinese tangarine scion budded on Volkamer lemon rootstock. Among selected antioxidants ascorbic acid at the concentrations of 800 ppm recorded the highest significant values for vegetative growth parameters and surpassed salicylic acid. Also Chinese mandarin scion budded on volkamer lemon accumulated the highest concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus(P), magnesium(Mg), and chloride (Cl-) and the lowest concentration of sodium (Na+). Chinese mandarin scion budded on sour orange rootstock accumulated the highest concentrations of potassium (K) while Chinese tangerine scion budded on x639 accumulated the highest concentrations of sodium (Na).