Growth Of Tubercle Bacilli Research Articles

The ring method; a method for analyzing the effect of serum on the growth of tubercle bacilli in vitro.

The ring method; a method for analyzing the effect of serum on the growth of tubercle bacilli in vitro.

The possibile role of humoral factors in the enhanced growth of tubercle bacilli in rabbits given cortisone.

The possibile role of humoral factors in the enhanced growth of tubercle bacilli in rabbits given cortisone.

Use of HeLa cells infected with tubercle bacilli for the study of antituberculous drugs.

It has been reported elsewhere that the growth of tubercle bacilli in HeLa cells in monolayer is rapid enough to be readily apparent in a few days (Shepard, 1955). T'he present paper describes a method for the employment of this convenient tissue culture system for the study of anti-tuberculous drugs. Mackaness (1952), AMackaness and Smith (1952), and Suter (1952) have used rabbit and guinea pig macrophages in vitro to measure the activity of anti-tuberculous drugs and have pointed out that some of these drugs are not fully active against intracellular bacilli. Thus, the minimal inhibitory concentration of streptomycin in the macrophage system was 10 to 100 times more than it was in the usual test in bacteriological media, whereas the minimal inhibitory concentration of isoniazid, isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) was the same in the macrophage system as in bacteriological media. This difference between streptomycin and INH was thought to arise from a relative impermeability of the cell membrane to streptomycin, so that the drug had to be present in excessive concentration in the extracellular fluid in order to achieve an adequate level within the cell. In contrast, the cell membrane was thought to be freely permeable to INH so that it was present in the same concentration within the cell as in the surrounding fluid. This conception took origin in the work of Magoffin and Spink (1951) who showed that brucella organisms were able to escape the action of streptomycin in bacteriological media if they were contained in human leucocytes. The factor of apparent permeability of the cell to the drug was taken into account in the experimental arrangement described below by the adoption of two alternative schedules for the administration of the drug. The two schedules were based on the observation that in this system the phago-

The significance of delayed emergence of growth of tubercle bacilli.

The significance of delayed emergence of growth of tubercle bacilli.

The effect of pH of the medium on the growth of tubercle bacilli.

The effect of pH of the medium on the growth of tubercle bacilli.

EFFECTS OF DIGESTED EGG YOLK ON THE GROWTH OF TUBERCLE BACILLI

The use of eggs in solid media for tubercle bacilli have been widespread since the introduction of Dorset's medium in 1902. In the media of Petroff, Petragnani, Loewenstein, and Oka-Katakura eggs especially egg yolks are still one of indispensable components. Neverthless, only a few reports to elucidate constituents of egg yolk which promote the growth of tubercle bacilli have been published. Hirsch (1954) (1) studied on this problem and reported that a growth promoting substance was present in the nonsaponifiable portion of the egg yolk solids soluble in diethyl ether and this substance was identified as cholestrol.We have engaged in the study on effects of digested egg yolk on the growth of tubercle bacilli since 1950, and in 1953 Ishida, one of the present authors, reported in Japanese that digested egg yolk had a remarkably stimulating effect on the growth of tubercle bacilli and the essentials of those growth promoting substances were phospholipids and amino acids.

EFFECTS OF DIGESTED EGG WHITE ON THE GROWTH OF TUBERCLE BACILLI

The beneficial effects of egg yolk on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been widely recognized for a long time. However, as far the effect of egg white is concerned no report has been published.The present paper deals with the addition of digested egg white to the fluid media for tubercle bacilli, and with its effects on the growth of tubercle bacilli.

癩と結核の冤疫学的関連性に就いて

The slightly increased resistance in the mice infected with murine leprosy bacilli against tuberculous infection was verified by the following results.It appears that the mice inoculated with murine leprosy bacilli showed partial immunity of lower grade against infection with virulent tubercle bacilli. Because it was shown that the growth of tubercle bacilli in organs was inhibited in the early stage of the infection, though there was no difference between the survival time of treated mice and that of the controls.When the mice severely infected after intraperitoneal inoculation with murine leprosy bacilli were infected with tubercle bacilli, the latter were slightly more abundant than those of the controls, in culture made from the organs.

Inhibition of growth of tubercle bacilli by ali-esterase inhibitors in various culture media.

The effect of the potent ali-esterase inhibitor E 600 (paraoxon) on the growth of tubercle bacilli is potentiated by the addition of Tween 80 to the medium. This may be due to a change in the permeability of the bacteria for the inhibitor.

The Cream-Egg Medium for Recovery and Enrichment of the Growth of Tubercle Bacilli from Septic Material

The Cream-Egg Medium for Recovery and Enrichment of the Growth of Tubercle Bacilli from Septic Material

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans: a study of growth-promoting factors.

A new growth factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis is described. It is produced by Candida albicans and stimulates the growth of tubercle bacilli of reduced viability or multiplication rate, as this is observed after treatment of the patient by chemotherapeutic or antibiotic agents. A method for the earlier detection of M. tuberculosis growing on Loewenstein's medium is described: Loewenstein's culture media, previously inoculated with the pathological specimen suspected to contain tubercle bacilli, are superinoculated with suspensions of Candida albicans whose dependence upon the presence of tubercle bacilli to grow on this medium has been enhanced. Colonies of Candida albicans will "trace" the presence of M. tuberculosis.

Growth of tubercle bacilli in monocytes from normal and vaccinated rabbits.

Growth of tubercle bacilli in monocytes from normal and vaccinated rabbits.

The growth of tubercle bacilli in silicone coated glass tubes.

The growth of tubercle bacilli in silicone coated glass tubes.

The growth of tubercle bacilli in monocytes from normal and vaccinated rabbits.

The growth of tubercle bacilli in monocytes from normal and vaccinated rabbits.

The effect of ketone compounds on the inhibition of growth of tubercle bacilli by isoniazid in vitro.

The effect of ketone compounds on the inhibition of growth of tubercle bacilli by isoniazid in vitro.

Action of antibiotics on avian tubercle bacilli studied with the electron microscope.

THE method described by Brieger and Cosslett1 of growing tubercle bacilli on the ‘Formvar’ film of a stainless steel electron microscope grid has been modified for use with liquid media. In this form the method has been found suitable for a study of the action of antibiotics upon growing tubercle bacilli. In order to prevent the fluid medium contaminating the inoculated surfaces, the grids are placed in contact with filter paper which rests on a cotton-wool support in a small dish 5 cm. in diameter and 2 cm. deep. The cotton-wool is kept moist by being thoroughly soaked in the medium. One dish can take up to twenty grids. The grids are inoculated with a drop of bacillary suspension using a fine platinum loop. If the drop does not stay on the surface of the grid, it is assumed that the holes in the ‘Formvar’ film are too large and the grid is discarded. The grids on which the drops remain are considered to be inoculated with similar numbers of bacilli. The dishes are incubated at 37.5° C. and grids removed at various intervals for inspection. Each grid is floated on sterile distilled water to remove any medium adhering to the lower surface, fixed by floating on 5 per cent formalin for 30 min., and washed again to remove any excess fixative. Throughout the procedure care is taken that the inoculated surface of the grid remains undisturbed. This is an essential condition for the study of variations in growth-rate.

Tuberculostatic Substances Extracted from Normal Rat Spleen

The existence of a spectrum of natural resistance between various species has been apparent since the earliest investigations on tuberculosis. This spectrum spreads from the susceptible guinea pig to the resistant rat. A possible explanation of resistance to infection may be that the host provides an unfavorable environment for bacterial proliferation. The resistant host may provide an unfavorable medium for growth of tubercle bacilli because of constitutional char-

The failure of chick embryo extract to accelerate the growth of tubercle bacilli.

The failure of chick embryo extract to accelerate the growth of tubercle bacilli.

The growth of tubercle bacilli on fractions of EGG.

4noted that the growth of avian, human, and bovine tubercle bacilli on an egg white medium was extremely poor while acidfast saprophytes grew more profusely. The addition of sufficient egg yolk stimu­ lates growth of the pathogenic species. A crude phosphatide fraction of the yolk contains a growth stimulant, and lecithin also promotes growth. Since egg yolk in itself is a good nutrient for small plants of mammalian tuber­ cle bacilli while egg white is a poor nutrient, it appeared desirable to study the conditions under which the yolk maintains its nutrient properties. It was believed that such a study might lead either to the preservation of the growth-supporting material in the egg medium or to a method of enhancing its effects. It is now known, from observations to be reported shortly, that long incubation-storage of egg yolk medium at 37 C. results in a slow but definite and gradual deteriora­ tion of the nutrient materials which does not occur at refrigerator temperature. Relative dehydration of the medium during incubation does not account for the deleterious influence of incubation at 37 C. upon the nutrient value of egg yolk medium.

The effect of spermine on tubercle bacilli.

A crystalline substance capable of suppressing the growth of a variety of mycobacteria in vitro has been isolated from extracts of tissue in acidified dilute ethanol. This inhibitory material was found to be equally active against virulent, attenuated, and avirulent variants of human and bovine tubercle bacilli, but had little or no effect on saprophytic mycobacteria and on several non-acid-fast microorganisms under the conditions of the test. Its inhibitory activity on the growth of tubercle bacilli was essentially independent of the size of the inoculum within the limits studied. The crystalline material appeared to exert a bactericidal action on the susceptible organisms. Tubercle bacilli maintained in the presence of the agent for 4 days failed to grow when transferred to inhibitor-free media. The findings were not appreciably altered by minor variations in the composition of the medium or by shift in its reaction. When certain preparations of whole serum were used in the medium in place of albumin, no antimycobacterial activity was observed; however, this activity was restored by adding bovine albumin (fraction V) to the media containing whole serum. By chemical purification and analysis, the inhibitory material was identified as spermine, an organic base widely distributed in animal tissues.