Total Energy Consumption Growth Research Articles

Calculation of Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in the Construction Stage of Large Public Buildings and an Analysis of Influencing Factors Based on an Improved STIRPAT Model

Compared to general public and residential buildings, large public buildings are often difficult to construct and have a long construction period, creating greater construction energy consumption and carbon emissions on the one hand, while generating a large amount and many types of difficult-to-track process data on the other. As such, it is difficult to measure carbon emissions and analyze various influencing factors. By realizing the simple calculation of energy consumption and carbon emissions, as well as discerning the degree of influence of various factors based on the results of influencing factors research, it is of considerable practical significance to propose energy savings and emission reductions in a targeted manner. In view of the above, this work aimed to establish a more practical calculation method to measure energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction of large public buildings, as well as to identify the multiple influencing factors related to energy consumption and carbon emissions during the construction process. To demonstrate the practicality of our approach, quantitative calculations are carried out for a new terminal building in a certain place and from the perspective of sustainable urban construction; thus, the driving factors of the traditional STIRPAT model are extended to seven. Based on the calculation results, a modified STIRPAT model is used to analyze the comparative study of impact factors, such as population and construction machinery performance, on energy consumption and carbon emission intensity. The results show the following: (1) The energy consumption value per square meter of this terminal building is 3.43 kgce/m2, and the average carbon emission per square meter is about 13.88 kgCO2/m2, which is much larger than the national average of 6.96 kgCO2/m2, and (2) the type of energy used in the construction process has the greatest degree of influence on energy consumption and carbon emission, and the local GDP, population factor, construction machinery performance specifications, and shift usage also show a positive correlation with the growth of total energy consumption and carbon emissions. Moreover, while the government’s continuous investment in energy conservation and environmental protection has reduced the total energy consumption and carbon emissions in construction, there is still considerable room for improvement. Finally, according to the results, we provide theoretical references and constructive suggestions for the low-carbon construction of large public buildings in the construction stage. Thus, the results of our study will allow policy makers to formulate appropriate policies.

The Impact of Electronic Commerce on China’s Energy Consumption

The rapid development of e-commerce in China in recent years has transformed China’s economic and social production landscape as well as people’s lifestyles. In addition, it has an increasing impact on China’s energy consumption. Based on Melitz [Econometrica, 2003, 71 (6), 1695–1725], this paper introduces the energy efficiency parameters to propose a theoretical analysis model, and performs theoretical and empirical analysis of the impact of e-commerce on China’s energy consumption using panel data at the provincial level in China. This paper suggests that the development of e-commerce can significantly enhance China’s energy output efficiency, reduce energy consumption per unit of GDP, and curb the excessive growth of total energy consumption. Meanwhile, increased investment in energy conservation, technological progress, and optimized energy consumption structure can also help decrease China’s energy consumption per unit of GDP, thus decreasing environmental pollution. Finally, this paper proposes policy suggestions to lower energy consumption per unit of GDP and control the excessive growth of China’s total energy consumption. Compared with existing studies, the main contributions of this paper are as follows. First, because there are only a few studies on e-commerce and energy consumption, this paper further supplements and enriches relevant literature. Second, this paper proposes a theoretical model regarding the impact of e-commerce development on energy consumption, adding a new perspective to research. Third, there is a lack of adequate studies on the development of China’s e-commerce landscape. While using China’s e-commerce development index data at the provincial level, this paper sets up a panel data regression model and performs in-depth analysis of the impact of e-commerce development on China’s energy consumption.

Synergistic effect of carbon ETS and carbon tax under China's peak emission target: A dynamic CGE analysis

Global warming resulting from greenhouse gas emissions poses threats to humankind and has become a worldwide issue. As the top CO2 emitter in the world, China has committed to achieving its carbon emission peak by no later than 2030; in this context, how to best use and apply carbon emission reduction policy is particularly critical. By constructing a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, we first examine a pure ETS included only the electricity sector in 2021, and the eight sectors starting in 2022, considering a declining carbon intensity rate of 4.5% and a higher rate of 4.8%. With the carbon intensity rates of 4.3% and 4.5%, we further evaluate two-hybrid systems of the carbon tax and carbon ETS, where the carbon tax of 10 yuan per ton is the starting levied rate in 2022 and increases at 4 yuan per ton year by year. The results proved that hybrid emission reduction policy can help reach a carbon emissions peak before 2030 and do so at a lower economic cost compared to the effect of pure carbon ETS. Besides, the coordinated use of a carbon tax and a carbon ETS can promote optimization of energy consumption structures and accelerate the decline of energy intensity and carbon intensity; this can contribute to curbing the growth of total energy consumption and total carbon emissions.

Evaluation of Energy Consumption and Countermeasures in Hebei Province under the Background of Double Carbon

Against the background of the strategic guidance of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, regional development has ushered in new opportunities and challenges. As a large energy consuming province, Hebei Province has a strong energy demand with its economic development dominated by heavy industry. Through the analysis of the energy consumption situation in Hebei Province, it can be concluded that Hebei Province presents the characteristics of fast growth of total energy consumption, single structure and over-reliance on coal. Therefore, the optimization of energy structure and the sustainable development of low-carbon economy are particularly important, and the corresponding policy recommendations are presented below.

Research on the coordination of energy in China's economic growth.

This study uses the improved Cobb-Douglas two-factor production function model to explore the potential relationship between economic growth and energy consumption through the multiple co-integration test on the panel data of China from 1985 to 2018. The results show that there is a positive long-term balance between energy consumption and economic growth: economic growth of 1%, total energy consumption growth of 1.53%, which means that economic growth needs higher energy support in the former short term. At the same time, the error correction term will converge energy consumption to a long-term equilibrium state with an adjustment intensity of 134.59%. From the results of variance decomposition, we can also see that as the number of periods increases, the part of real economic growth explained by energy consumption gradually increases.

Spatial Quantitative Analysis of Urban Energy Consumption Based on POI and Night-Time Remote Sensing Data

Climate change has become a major global environmental issue that is widely concerned by countries around the world. It has been a very clear scientific consensus that the global carbon emission has to be cut urgently, facing the global warming and extreme climate. Currently, few studies on the urban energy consumption in total have been performed, especially the quantitative research on the scale of urban blocks, which is actually required by cities, in order to adopt precise control, optimize energy structure and reduce carbon emissions. It is time for joint action of the four sectors to accurately calculate synthesized energy consumption of each region, realize spatial energy consumption visualization, and formulate energy reduction targets and strategies more accurately. This paper has taken Jingmen, a resource-based city, as a case city. It quantitatively analyzed the spatial data affecting carbon emissions in transportation, industry, and construction sectors, respectively and discussed the impact of urbanization and industrialization on urban energy consumption. It is found that the continuous growth of energy consumption in the industrial sector has been the main driving factor for the city’s total energy consumption growth. The energy consumption of Jingmen showed a trend of increase and concentration. The conclusions can fill up the problems that cannot be found in the energy consumption statistics of cities, and propose a more accurate way to reduce energy consumption in Jingmen City, which provide a reference for the green transformation of similar small and medium-sized resource-based cities.

LMDI decomposition analysis of energy consumption of Turkish manufacturing industry: 2005–2014

Decomposition analysis is a proven approach to highlight the trends in energy economics and to clarify the changing factors in energy consumption. In Turkey, industrial sector is one of the major drivers of economy, which accounts for 32% of the final energy consumption. This paper uses the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) to divide the total energy consumption growth of ten Turkish manufacturing industries into activity effect, structure effect, and intensity effect in the period from 2005 to 2014. Manufacturing subsectors consist of (a) food products, beverages, and tobacco, (b) textile and textile products, (c) wood and wood products, (d) pulp, paper, and paper products; publishing and printing, (e) chemicals, chemical products, and man-made fibers, (f) rubber and plastic products, (g) non-metallic mineral products, (h) primary metals, (i) equipment goods, and (j) other manufacturing. Energy consumption of total manufacturing industry rose from 25,013 ktoe to 27,590 ktoe within the period. The subsector (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), and (i) analyses results reveal that the activity effect has significant contribution to energy consumption, while structure and intensity effects are negligible. On the other hand, for the energy-intensive industries, influence of structure and intensity effects has observed simultaneously. The results also show that intensity and activity effects follow similar trends. Energy intensity of manufacturing industry has followed a slightly decreasing route (0.288 ktoe/$2005 in 2005 and 0.219 ktoe/$2005 in 2014) in the period, which is an indicative of contribution of activity changes, energy efficient technologies, and other energy efficiency efforts.

Analysis of the Mechanism of Foreign Trade Affecting Energy Consumption: Based on Chinese City Data

The vigorous development of China’s economy and the rapid growth of foreign trade are inseparable from the huge energy consumption. In this paper, the decomposition analysis method is used to decompose the energy consumption growth of 285 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2004 to 2013 into the scale, composition and technique effects. Based on the decomposition results, the IV method is used to solve the endogenous problem in the impact mechanism of China’s foreign trade on energy consumption growth. It is concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between foreign trade and total energy consumption growth, mainly through positive correlation of the scale effect and negative correlation of the technique effect, and the scale effect plays a leading role, the composition effect is not significant.

Comparative analysis of drivers of energy consumption in China, the USA and India – A perspective from stratified heterogeneity

With the limited amount of resources, developing effective strategies to make full use of them and decrease the energy consumption without too much sacrifice of economic output requires identifying key drivers of energy consumption growth rate as a prerequisite. Meanwhile, as top three consumers of primary energy of the world, China, the United States of America, and India burn over 45% of global fuels in 2016. Conducting an empirically comparative analysis of them can also set up pilot scheme for other economies to develop more efficient strategies for energy consumption. The paper modified the original Geographical Detector model with a different sampling method to detect the key driver of energy consumption growth rate, which filling the gap that there are possible interactions of potential factors. The results show that coal intensity is the biggest driver to change overall energy consumption growth rate in China and India. In comparison, for the United States, the leading drivers of energy use are the factors of individual incomes and oil intensity. In addition, all factors have interactions and enhance each other when influencing total energy consumption growth rate. India has the strongest factor interactions when influencing the energy consumption growth rate among the three economies, all interactions between factors in US is not significant as those in China and India. Besides providing outcomes that can contribute towards developing new strategies to use energy more efficiently, this research offers a pilot example of analyzing energy issues from the perspective of stratified heterogeneity in consideration the characteristic differences of each factor.

Influences Energy Consumption has on Green GDP Growth in China

This paper examines the relationship between China’s total energy consumption growth and GGDP growth based on the data of 1997-2016. With path analysis employed, the direct and indirect influence on GGDP growth rate exerted by several energy consumption ratios as well as the relationship among them is explored. Furtherly, the author determines how much each of these ratios contributes to GGDP. This research suggests that proportion of natural gas consumption and that of other energy consumption are the two major drivers of GGDP growth, while coal and oil consumption proportion inhibits GGDP Growth. Specifically, increasing the proportion of natural gas consumption contributes the most to GGDP growth.

Analysis of energy consumption in Hunan Province (China) using a LMDI method based LEAP model

In order to analyze the factors that affect energy consumption in Hunan Province comprehensively, firstly, this paper used the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and divided the total energy consumption growth of three industries from 2006 to 2015 in Hunan Province into scale effect, structure effect and efficiency effect. Secondly, the long-term energy alternatives planning (LEAP) system was used, and the LEAP-Hunan model with benchmark, scale effect, structure effect, efficiency effect and comprehensive adjustment scenarios was set up to analyze the impacts of the three kinds of effects on the total energy consumption profoundly. LMDI qualitative decomposition results show that the scale effect promotes the rapid growth of energy consumption, and efficiency effect can reduce energy consumption in Hunan Province, while inhibition of the structure effect is not prominent on the growth of energy consumption. The quantitative results of LEAP model are highly consistent with it, whose influence on the structure effect is reasonably extrapolated. This phenomenon shows that the structure effect and efficiency effect will jointly bear the inhibitory effect on the growth of total energy consumption in the future. In addition, the LEAP model has predictions about energy consumption from 2016 to 2040 in Hunan Province.

Impacts of urbanization on renewable energy consumption in China

In this paper, we used the logarithmic mean Divisia index method to investigate the impact of urbanization on renewable energy consumption growth (RECG). The growth in renewable energy consumption is attributed to the urbanization effect, energy mix effect, energy intensity effect, economic effect, and population effect; RECG can be roughly divided into the slow growth stage, the fluctuant growth stage, and the accelerated growth stage. The results showed that the energy mix effect, economic effect, and population effect positively affected RECG. However, a significantly negative relationship was found between energy intensity and RECG. Furthermore, the contribution of urbanization differed in RECG stages, and urbanization contributed more to the total energy consumption growth than to RECG. This study would thus provide policymakers with insights about the link between urbanization and renewable energy consumption.

Study on Index System of Influence Factors on Total Energy Consumption

Controlling total energy consumption reasonably is a vital task for the 12th Five Year Energy Plan. It has important meaning for energy conservation to build the index system of effect factors on total energy consumption. This paper analyses problems in influence and variations of total energy consumption in Henan Province, extract eight indexes which have certain effects, and the data during the period from 1978 to 2004 is analyzed by using principal component regression analysis using SPSS19.0 statistic software. The experimental result reveals that the factors related with economy development are the major driving force of total energy consumption; the increase of secondary industry proportion will lead to a considerable growth in total energy consumption; in addition, total population and urban proportion growth promote the growth of total energy consumption as well.

Interactions among economic activity, energy use, and electricity use

Detailed studies have brought out the close correlation between consumption of energy and gross domestic product. While coal, petroleum, and natural gas have been directly used by industry, electricity has also been developed because it is needed to operate machines, equipment, and appliances. Electric power is essential to the nation's continued economic development. It has been common experience in all countries of the Asia-Pacific region, regardless of level of development, that the rate of growth of electricity consumption exceeds substantially the rate of growth of total energy consumption. Moreover, past energy transitions away from oil in these countries have been achieved mainly through restructuring fuel patterns for power generation. Thus the power sector provides a major vehicle for introducing new energy technologies into practice, manipulating a nation's overall energy strategy, and restructuring its energy supply and import patterns. In the future, the nations of Northeast Asia and the United States shall move from a predominantly oil-based power sector to a predominantly electricity-based economy, and the electric power sector will continue to be an engine of energy transition in the postpetroleum era.