Growth Of Sesame Research Articles

Хозяйственно ценные признаки коллекционных образцов кунжута в Астраханской области

In 2017–2018, we studied 45 sesame samples from the VIR collection in the experimental fields of the Cis-Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PAFNC RAN). According to temperature indicators, conditions of the years of a research were favorable for the growth and development of sesame. The sum of positive temperatures over the years was equal 3253.8 and 3249.7 °C, respectively. The length of the vegetative period of samples varied from 104 to 133 days. The earliest maturing samples (98–105 days) were KK-80 and 741 from Uzbekistan and K-802 from Tajikistan. As middle-early maturing (106–115 days) 11 samples were characterized, 25 samples were middle maturing (116–125 days), and five samples were late maturing (126–133 days). The most of the samples (33 samples) had seeds of average size (1000 seeds weight of 3.0–3.4 g) at the standard level (3.1 g). By a complex of economically valuable traits we selected 30 samples. The samples KK-883, 291, 171, 265, 468 from Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Tunisia and Malta demonstrated the highest yield (3.0–4.3 t/ha). Very early maturing samples of sesame with high yields are of great interest and can be used in breeding work.

Influence of biochar on growth, yield and quality of summer organic sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and soil properties

A field experiment was conducted on organically managed medium black calcareous clayey soil at Junagadh (Gujarat) during summer season of 2019-20 to study the effect of biochar on growth, yield and quality of summer sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and soil properties. The experimental results revealed that significantly higher values of growth parameters viz., plant height and number of branches per plant and yield attributes viz., number of capsules per plant, length of capsule, seed weight per plant and test weight along with higher seed yield (1741 kg/ha) and stover yield (2123 kg/ha) were recorded with application of enriched biochar 0.25 t/ha + vermicompost 1 t/ha. However, significantly higher nutrient uptake by plant, organic carbon, available N, P, K in soil after harvest along with higher net return (₹ 99142/ha) and B:C ratio (2.69) were also realized with the application of enriched biochar 0.25 t/ha + vermicompost 1 t/ha. Based on the results, it could be concluded that higher production and net returns from sesame along with improved soil fertility can be obtained by the application of microbial consortium enriched biochar 0.25 t/ha + vermicompost 1 t/ha.

Influence of different organic manures on seed and oil yield and economics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019-20 at Farm of Agronomy Section, College of Agriculture, Latur to find out the influence of different organic manures on growth and yield attributes of sesame. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with nine treatments and replicated three times. The treatments were T1-Control, T2-100%N (Urea), T3-75%N (Urea) + 25%N (FYM), T4-75%N (Urea) + 25%N (Vermicompost), T5-75%N (Urea) + 25%N (Poultry manure), T6-75%N (Urea) + 25%N (Neem cake), T7-75%N(Urea) + 25%N (Karanj cake), T8-75%N (Urea) + 25%N (Castor cake) and T9-75%N (Urea) + Azotobactor. Application of 75%N through (Urea) + 25%N through (Poultry manure) (T5) resulted in maximum seed yield (516 kg ha-1), oil content (48.67%) and oil yield (251 kg ha-1). Maximum gross monetary return (₹ 51642 ha-1), net monetary return (₹ 29106 ha-1), cost of cultivation (₹ 22536 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.29) were also obtained due to application of 75%N through (Urea) + 25%N through (Poultry manure) (T5).

Response of soil and foliar application of zinc and iron for increasing growth and yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

A field experiment were conducted during kharif season of 2016 to 2018 to study the response of soil and foliar application of zinc and iron for increasing the growth and yield of sesame at Oilseeds Research Station, MPKV, Jalgaon (MS). The soil of experimental field was vertisoles low in nitrogen (221 kg ha-1) medium in phosphorus (21.60 kg ha-1), rich in potassium (675 kg ha-1), low in zinc (0.5 ppm)andiron (4.3ppm) with alkaline in reaction (pH 8.20). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eleven treatments and three replications viz. T1 - Control (RDF + FYM), T2- T1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1, T3 - T1 + Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % at 30 & 45 DAS, T4 - T1 + T2 + T3, T5 - T1 + Soil application of FeSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1, T6- T1 + Foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5 % at 30 & 45 DAS, T7- T1 + T5 + T6, T8 -T1 + Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 12.5 kg ha-1 + Soil application of FeSO4 @12.5 kg ha-1, T9 - T8 + Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % at 30 & 45 DAS , T10 - T8 + foliar application of FeSO4@ 0.5 % at 30 & 45 DAS, T11- T1 + Sulphur @ 30 kg ha-1 (Elemental sulphur or Gypsum). The pooled results revealed that, in the experiment of zinc and iron application the treatment T10 (T8+Foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% at 30 & 45 DAS) produced the highest seed yield 531 kg ha-1, with the net monetary returns Rs.22,340/- and B:C ratio 2.04 followed by treatment T9 - (T8 + foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 30 & 45 DAS) produced the seed yield 502 kg ha-1, Rs. 20,281/- NMR and 1.96 B:C ratio of sesame.

Studies on relationship between crop growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under different weather conditions

An experiment was conducted on experimental farm Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, during kharif season 2017, entitled “Studies on relationship between crop growth, yield and physical environment within the crop canopy of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under different weather conditions”. An experiment was conducted in randomize block design with six replications. Treatment under study were four sowing dates in kharif season i.e. D1 (23rd MW), D2 (25th MW), D3 (27th MW) and D4 (29th MW), and one variety AKT-64. The results found that all the biometric observations (plant height, No. of leaves, No. of branches and dry matter, days to 50% flowering and days to capsule formation, yield contributing characters such as total number of capsules plant-1, seed yield (kg/ ha-1), straw yield (kg/ ha-1) and biological yield (kg/ ha-1),) were significantly highest yield in sown in D2 (25th MW) followed by D1 (23rd MW).Sowing at D2 (25th MW) found superior over the rest of treatments with production of highest grain yield (440.8 kg /ha-1) followed by sowing in first sowing date D1 (23rd MW) (386.3 kg/ ha-1), third sowing date D3 (27th MW) (317.8 kg/ ha-1) and lowest grain yield was observed in fourth sowing D4 (29th MW) (237.2 kg/ ha-1).

English

English

A review on nutrient management studies on sesame (Sesamum indicum)

Aim of this paper is to review the importance of sesame (Sesamum indicum) crop, production status in country and its’ constraints. Sesame is one of the most important high value oilseed crops contributing high foreign currency. Sesame oil is highly useful edible oil having wider applications. Reports from five years survey indicate that the sesame production was decreased from year by year but productivity increased due to high suitability of crop to environmental conditions. Generally, more than 85% of sesame production comes from Gujarat, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Mostly brown and white colored seeds were grown. Due to presence of high oil content and its suitability to different environmental condition, sesame growth will give high opportunity for India to improve the crop. To increase yield potential, quality and to achieve better profits, crop needs improvement in post-harvest handling, development of high yielding cultivars with better resistance to diseases and pests, development of improved agronomic and managemental practices, with environmental situations for good oil quality in the country.

Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

EFFECTS OF POULTRY MANURE AND WEED CONTROL METHODS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SESAME VARIETIES

Field trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 wet seasons at Federal University Dutse Teaching and Research Farm (Latitude 11 46, 39”N and Longitude 9 20, 30”E) in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria. To evaluate performance of sesame varieties as affected by poultry manure and weed control methods. The treatments consisted of five weed control treatments (pre-emergence application of ButachlorEC50%, hoe weeding at 3WAS +pre-emergence butachlor EC50%, pre-emergence butachlor EC50%+hoe weeding at 3 and 6WAS, hoe weeding @ 3 and 6WAS and weedy check), three level of poultry manure (5, 10, and 15t/ha) and three sesame varieties (Ben 01, Yandev 55 and Ben 04E. The treatments were laid out in split plot design and replicated three times. The results indicated that weed control methods had significant effect (0.05) on the sesame growth and seed yield comparable to hoe weeding control at 3 and 6WAS where plant height number of leaves, capsule number per plant and seed yield of sesame were significant higher with the application of butachlor plus hoe weeding at 3 and 6WAS compared to others weed control methods. Poultry manure application on sesame as 15t/ha gave taller plant height, more number of leaves, higher sesame dry weight, longer capsule length and seed yield of sesame than the other rates while Ben 01(455 and 1043 ) perform better than the others two varieties (Yandev 498, 756 and Ben4E 522 and 765 ) for 2017 and 2018 seasons. In conclusion, 
 
 

Effect of Biochar Application as a Soil Amendment on Growth and Yield of Sesame (Sesamumindicuml.)

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of biochar on growth and yield of sesame. In the experiment, the treatment consisted of three varieties, viz., V1 = BARI Til- 2, V2 = BARI Til-3 and V3 = BARI Til-4, and five levels of biocharviz., B0= control (no biochar application), B1= 2 t ha-1, B2= 4 t ha-1, B3= 6 t ha-1 and B4= 8 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in two factors randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.Variety, application of different levels of biochar and their interaction showed statistically significant variation in plant height, number of leaves plant-1at 55 and 80 DAS and at harvest, capsules plant-1, seeds capsule-1, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, stover yield, biological yield and harvest index.The highest plant height (70.34, 110.95 and 109.84 cm at 55 and 80 DAS and at harvest respectively), number of leaves plant-1 (80.47, 116.70 and 94.54 at 55, 80 DAS and at harvest, respectively), number of branches plant-1 (3.60), capsules plant-1(80.47), number of seeds capsule-1(56.02),seed yield(1.07tha-1)andharvestindex(36.46%)were observed in the variety BARI Til-4 cultivated with the application of biochar @ 6 t ha-1 (V3*B3) and the lowest one was observed in variety BARI Til-2 with no biochar application (V1*B0).Biochar is effective for increasing growth and yield of sesame.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 113-127

Influence of Sea Weeds Extracts on the Growth, Quality and Productivity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) in the Red and Lateritic Belt of West Bengal

Influence of Sea Weeds Extracts on the Growth, Quality and Productivity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) in the Red and Lateritic Belt of West Bengal

Two years of a field study on sesame growth and yield, nutrient uptake by PGP bacteria application and capsule type

A two-year field experiment was conducted to study PGP bacteria on growth and yield productivity of sesame. Factors were control, Nitroxin, Biophosphor, and an equal combination of biofertilizers along with sesame capsule type. 1000-seed weight and oil content increased in the second year, but, seed yield reduced (-12.6 g m2), which represented a negative relationship between seed weight and yield. The effect of year on No. of single and multi-cap node plant−1 was reversed. Seed yield, chlorophyll, protein, and N increased in the multi-cap seed, whereas, 1000-seed weight and seed weight plant−1 was decreased. Maximum yield and yield components were achieved in the second and first year, respectively, along with the multi-cap seed. Nitroxin, after the equal combination, was approximately showed the maximum enhancement of growth and yield productivity of sesame. The most seed yield (4261 k ha−1) was performed in the first year, combined biofertilizers and multi-cap seed, whereas, the highest oil content was gained in the second year and single-cap that it was due to the higher N and P use efficiency in the first year. No. of node plant−1 and capsule No. plant−1 showed the most correlation with the other parameters. Seed yield was correlated with No. of node plant−1 (r = 0.925) and leaf dry weight (r = 0.885). The N and P use efficiency had been higher in the first year, multi-cap, and equal combination. Nitrogen Use efficiency was higher compared to phosphorous. The uptake of N and P by sesame increased with the integrated application of different bacteria.

PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SESAME GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF SALINE WATER APPLICATION

ABSTRACT In semiarid areas, the scarcity of water with low salt concentration associated with irregular precipitation becomes a limiting factor to ensure agricultural production. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and production of sesame genotypes under different strategies of use of saline water. The experiment was conducted under protected environment conditions, using a randomized block design in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, and the treatments consisted of six strategies for the use of saline water in the different stages of plant development (SE = irrigation with low-salinity water throughout the cultivation cycle; VE, FL, FR, VE/FL and VE/FR - respectively, irrigation with high-salinity water at the vegetative stage, flowering, fruiting, vegetative/flowering and vegetative/fruiting) and two sesame genotypes (BRS Seda and BRS Anahí), with 4 replicates. Irrigation with high-salinity water (ECw = 2.7 dS m-1) during the vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages did not compromise sesame production. There were reductions in sesame growth when irrigation with high-salinity water was continuously applied at the vegetative/flowering stages and in sesame production when it was applied during the vegetative/flowering and vegetative/fruiting stages. The greater growth of BRS Seda sesame plants resulted in an increase in the total number of fruits and in the total seed weight.

Identification and in silico evaluation of bHLH genes in the Sesamum indicum genome: Growth regulation and stress dealing specially through the metal ions homeostasis and flavonoid biosynthesis

A multitude of plant developmental processes, metal ion homeostasis, stimuli responses as well as flavonols biosynthesis pathways are regulated by basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. Despite the importance of this gene family, there is no comprehensive study of bHLH genes in the significant oil crop sesame. Here, 130 sesame bHLH genes have been distinguished via a genome-wide analysis, which were grouped into the 21 clades based on the phylogenetic relationships. The 11 duplicated gene pairs were distinguished in the sesame bHLH family, suffering purifying selection. Based on the promoter analysis, 11 and 35 SinbHLHs have been detected to be engaged in the metal ion homeostasis and anthocyanin biosynthesis systems, respectively. According to the proteins interaction, FRU, ILR3, PIF3 and TT8 proteins were detected as the significant interacting bHLHs with the MYB, RGA, CRY1 and bZIP proteins, which can regulate stress coping, iron ion homeostasis and anthocyanin biosynthesis during the sesame life cycle. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed 77 SinbHLH genes that can adjust the sesame growth/development. The stress-induced expression profiling of SinbHLHs also suggested the extensive involvement of these genes during the sesame stimuli coping. Regarding to our assessments, some candidate SinbHLHs were found to be engaged in regulation of the sesame growth and stress tolerance through the metal ions homeostasis and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. A systematic evaluation of the regulatory bHLHs can provide valuable insights into these important biological pathways and may be informative for improvement of the significant oil crop sesame.

Evaluation of Sesame Yield and Yield Component under Different NPS Fertilizer Rates in Western Tigray, Ethiopia

Field experiments were conducted in three sites of Western Tigray, Ethiopia. The experiments aimed at identifying optimum the rate of the newly introduced NPS fertilizer impact with different levels on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of sesame in vertisols of Western Tigray at the Humera station, Banat and Kebabo Kafta Humera and Tsegede Wereda’s. The treatments consisted of six levels of NPS 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1 and one blanket recommendation N and P was applied. The experiment was laid out in an RCBD with three replications. Yield of Sesame and yield related components showed significant difference (p < 0.001) compared to control. Results showed that number of branches plant-1, length of pod bearing zone (cm), plant height (cm), number of capsules plant-1, seeds capsule-1 and seed yield was significant differences at (P< 0.001) Grain yield increases from 444.8 kg ha-1 to 671.9 kg ha-1 as NPS and 444.8 kg ha-1 to 628 kg ha-1 as NP increases from 0 (control) to 100 kg ha-1 NPS and 41 kg N and 46 kg P205 ha-1 respectively. But NPS was not significant with blanket recommendation of N and P (41 kg N and 46 kg P205 ha-1), therefore no need to replace the NP by NPS fertilizer in the study area.

Influence of Organic Manures and Micronutrients Fertilization on the Soil Properties and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Coastal Saline Soil

The light texture coastal saline soils are well known for the deficiency of both macro and micronutrients especially zinc, boron, iron and manganese, etc. The zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) plays an important role in improving the growth, yield and quality of sesame. A field experiment was conducted to find out the influence of organics and micronutrients fertilization on the soil properties and yield of sesame in coastal saline soil. The experiment was carried out in a farmer’s field at Ponnanthittu coastal village, near Chidambaram Taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The Physico- chemical properties and nutrient status of initial soil were: pH- 8.43, EC- 4.25 dS m-1, organic carbon- 2.30 g kg-1 and DTPA Zn – 0.70 mg kg-1 and Mn- 0.96 mg kg-1, respectively. The treatments included were T1 -Control (Recommended dose of NPK), T2 –125% NPK + Composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t ha-1, T3 -T2 + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 soil application (SA), T4 -T2 + MnSO4 @ 5 kg ha-1 (SA), T5 -T2 + (ZnSO4 + MnSO4) SA, T6 -T2 + ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % foliar application (FA),T7 -T2 + MnSO4 (FA), T8 -T2 + (ZnSO4 + MnSO4 )FA, T9 -T2 + ZnSO4 (SA) + ZnSO4 (FA), T10-T2 + MnSO4 (SA) + MnSO4 (FA) and T11-T2 + (ZnSO4 + MnSO4 ) SA + (ZnSO4 + MnSO4 )FA. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications, using sesame variety TMV 7. The results of the study indicated that the combined application of 125 per cent NPK + composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + MnSO4 @ 5 kg ha-1 through soil application along with foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + MnSO4 twice at 0.5 per cent significantly increased the soil nutrient availability, microbial population, enzyme activity and yield of sesame in coastal sandy soil. This treatment recorded the highest sesame seed yield of 815 kg ha-1 and stalk yield of 1805 kg ha-1 as compared 100% recommended NPK alone 421 and 944 kg ha-1 of seed and stalk yield, respectively.

Effect of levels of nitrogen on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars

An experiment was conducted at Central Farm, Farm Management Section of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during March to June 2018 to find out the effect of levels of nitrogen on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars. The experiment comprised five cultivars of sesame viz. BARI Til-3, BARI Til-4, Binatil-1, Binatil-2, Binatil-3 and four levels of nitrogen in the form of urea viz. 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg urea ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth, yield components and yield of sesame were significantly influenced by cultivars, levels of nitrogen and their interaction. At vegetative stage, the tallest plant and highest dry matter were observed in BARI Til-4 at 50 DAS and 70 DAS, respectively. Application of 120 kg urea ha-1 (150 % of recommended dose) produced the tallest plant and highest dry matter at 70 DAS. Interaction of cultivar and level of nitrogen did not exert any significant effect on plant height and dry matter production at different days after sowing. Plant height, number of capsule plant-1, seeds capsule-1, 1000- seed weight, seed yield and biological yield were varied significantly with increasing N level up to 80 kg ha-1 whereas stover yield was increased up to 120 kg N ha-1 but branches plant-1 and harvest index showed non-significant variation. Fron the interaction it is observed that BARI Til-4 with nitrogen 80 kg urea ha-1 gave the highest plant height (80.49 cm), highest number of branches plant-1 (3.20), highest number of capsules plant-1 (35.30), maximum seed yield (2.23 t ha-1) and highest harvest index ( 18.82%). The highest stover yield (10.34 t ha-1) was found in BARI Til-4 fertilized with 120 kg ha-1. Therefore, BARI Til-4 fertilized with 80 kg urea ha-1 was found to be promising practice in respect of growth and yield of sesame.

Effects of spatial arrangement and population density on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in a sesame/maize intercrop

A field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as affected by the row arrangement and population density of maize (Zea mays L.). The full population of sesame in two-row arrangements (1:1) and (2:2) was combined with four population densities of maize viz: 100S:100M; 100S:75M; 100S:50M and 100S:25M (where S and M represented sesame and maize, respectively). Sole crops of sesame and maize at full population were included in the treatments as control. The number of pods per plant (NPP), length of fruit zone (LFZ), and yield of sesame were significantly (P?0.5) influenced by the interactive effect of population ratios and row arrangements. These variables increased as the population of associated maize decreased. All variables measured in maize were influenced by population density and row arrangement except for the number of cobs per plant (NCP), cob length (CL), and cob circumference (CC). Regardless of spatial arrangement and population density, the aggressivity (A) value was positive for sesame and negative for maize. The competitive ratio (CR) values were also higher in sesame than in maize. Land equivalent ratio (LER) and land equivalent coefficient (LEC) values, for all population ratios tested, indicated the intercropping advantage with the highest value recorded at a full population of sesame mixed with fifty percent population of maize in a 2:2-row arrangement and hence, recommended for adoption.

Incidence of sesame phyllody disease in relation to dates of sowing and meteorological parameters and its effect on sesame growth, yield and oil quality

Incidence of sesame phyllody disease in relation to dates of sowing and meteorological parameters and its effect on sesame growth, yield and oil quality

Effect of different weed management practices on growth and yield of summer sesame (<em>Sesamum indicum</em>. L)

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different weed management practices on growth and yield of summer sesame (Sesamum indicum. L) during summer season of 2018 at Agricultural Farm of Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal. Eight weed management treatments namely- pendimethalin 750 g/ha at 1 DAS, butachlor 1000 g/ha at 3 DAS, pendimethalin 750 g/ha at 1 DAS fb 1 HW at 30 DAS, butachlor 1000 g/ha at 3 DAS fb 1 HW at 30 DAS, HW at 15 DAS, HW at 15 and 30 DAS, weed free check and weedy check were laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The result revealed that integration of pendimethalin and butachlor each with one HW at 30 DAS recorded higher growth attributes, yield and yield components than their sole application. Although pendimethalin and butachlor fb one HW at 30 DAS registered higher gross return (₹82,687/ha and ₹76,405/ha, respectively) and net return ((₹56,825/ha and ₹51,067/ha, respectively) but the return per rupee invested was higher in their sole application (3.27 and 3.20, respectively). Based on overall performance, sole application of pendimethalin 750 g/ha at 1 DAS and butachlor 1000 g/ha at 3 DAS may be considered as promising cost-effective herbicides for improvement on seed yield in summer sesame.