Growth Of Seaweed Research Articles

Under pressure: inhibited sporophyte growth of the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae)

Seaweed aquaculture, which takes place mostly in Asia, is a lucrative industry that is valued > US $9 billion. However, technological modifications are needed to ensure economic viability and growth of the seaweed aquaculture industry throughout Europe. While current research is investigating the use of certain mechanised processes in seaweed aquaculture, the impact of pressurised spraying of macroalgal cultures on subsequent growth remains unknown. Here, we aimed to determine the efficacy of a future mechanised seeding procedure by investigating how differing pressure treatments impact upon the growth and percentage cover of zoospores seeded onto twine in the hatchery, using the kelp Saccharina latissima as a model species. Zoospore solutions were subjected to pressures of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 bar, before being seeded on hatchery twine and left to grow for 7 weeks. We demonstrate that both percentage cover and sporophyte lengths for S. latissima are significantly reduced by ~ 22% and ~ 61%, respectively, when juvenile zoospores are subjected to increasing pressure from 1 to 5 bar. This indicates that minimal pressure in the use of mechanised hatchery techniques is optimal for growth of seaweed.

High Salinity Intensive Seaweed Growth Rate in Aquaponic Systems

Aquaponics is a closed recirculating aquaculture method combined with hydroponics. This method is very alternative for raising fish while growing plants in specially designed media. The mechanism obtained is very effective and efficient, plants can utilize fish waste as nutrients for plant growth. Poisonous fish waste in ponds can be reduced by plants as nutrients for organic substances. This can enhance profitable bio-integrated food production systems. Plants will serve as vegetation filters. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aquaponic treatment in high-salinity water by observing the growth in three species of seaweed namely Gracilaria sp., Sargassum sp., and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The research design used the LSD method and was carried out for 63 days. Data analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) then continued with the test Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The research method involved making aquaponic media including preparing containers for seaweed cultivation and fish and shrimp farming, observing seaweed growth rates, and measuring water quality. Aquaponic treatment can increase the growth rate of intensively cultivated seaweed. The results showed the best weight growth rate in the aquaponic treatment of Gracilaria sp. with a value of 12.33 grams than Kappaphycus alvarezii 11.33 grams and Sargassum sp. 10.83 grams.

Effects of wave exposure and habitat fragmentation on growth and grazing of rocky shore seaweeds: a mesocosm experiment

Seaweeds are foundation species on rocky shores that are exposed to a series of stressors. These include wave exposure, desiccation, grazing, and human activities, with habitat fragmentation as a common result. As part of climate and biodiversity changes, we are expecting increased winds and more frequent storm events, warmer climate, and trophic downgrading of ecosystems, causing overgrazing events. Here, we present the results from a two-factorial mesocosm experiment on the relationship between wave exposure, habitat fragmentation and growth (branching and tip elongation) of Fucus vesiculosus in the intertidal and upper subtidal. We found that intertidal seaweeds branched significantly more at low than high wave exposure. There was no effect of habitat fragmentation on branching, and no effects on tip growth from either wave exposure or habitat fragmentation. The experiment suffered greatly from uncontrolled grazing. Gastropod coverage was higher inside seaweed patches than in the seaweed free areas between and outside of the patches. In basins with highly fragmented seaweed patches, we found more gastropods at low than high wave exposure, whereas in basins with low fragmentation we found more gastropods at higher wave exposure. The percent coverage of gastropods in the basins did not seem to impact seaweed growth.

Correlation of Water Quality Parameters on Growth Performance of Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty, 1986) Cultivated with Diagonal Method

Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed is an exported commodity that has economic value and is a leading commodity in aquaculture. The present study aims to analyze the correlation between water quality parameters and the growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed using the diagonal method. A completely randomized design using three treatments and four replications was applied for the experimental design. The research was carried out from May to June 2023 in the waters of Angkue Village, Bone Regency, Indonesia. Treatment in this diagonal model was based on the length of the diagonal rope, namely 2.5 m (treatment 1), 3.5 m (treatment 2), and 4.5 m (treatment 3) of the water depth and seaweed maintained for 42 days at a water depth of five meters. The results showed that the absolute growth of seaweed was 17,537.0 g during the study, with an average of 5845.67 ± 359.34 g. In treatment 1, the absolute growth was 1368.55 ± 5.29 g; in treatment 2, it was 1467.83 ± 4.58 g; and in treatment 3, it was 1547.88 ± 1.24 g, with the highest growth rate and the lowest growth rate in the first week. Water quality parameters all contribute positively to seaweed growth, but those that contribute most strongly to seaweed growth are brightness, phosphate, nitrate, and salinity.

Efek Perbedaan Jenis Rumput Laut Sebagai Agen Fitoremediasi Pada Sistem Budidaya Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) Semi Intensif

The primary sources of organic waste in prawn ponds include feed waste from the farming process as well as ongoing metabolic activity, such as the production of urine and faeces. The increase in organic waste has an impact on reducing the water quality, one of the solutions is by implementing phytoremediation with seaweed. This research aimed to analyzed the growth and ability of seaweed Sargassum sp., Gracillaria sp., and Caulerpa sp. as phytoremediation agents to reduce organic matter in waters. This research was conducted for 68 days and used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment are A Sargassum sp., B Gracillaria sp., C Caulerpa sp. and D control. The results indicated that treatment C tended to decrease total organic matter (TOM) and sediment organic matter by 123.74 mg/l and 1.37%, respectively. The result also revealed that Caulerpa sp. the most effective seaweed to be used as phytoremediation organic materials in tiger shrimp farms compared to the two other seaweed species (i.e., Gracillaria sp. and Sargassum sp.). The growth of seaweed showed that there was a significant difference in specific growth of seaweed. The best specific growth rate value in treatment C was 1.37 ± 0.1%. The results of this study shown that Caulerpa sp. has more effective remediate organic matter and improve seaweed growth than Gracillaria sp. and Sargassum sp.

Self-Powered and Self-Sensing Blue Carbon Ecosystems by Hybrid Fur Triboelectric Nanogenerators (F-TENG)

Seaweeds are critical in the blue carbon ecosystem; however, light limitation is a bottleneck for seaweed farming, especially in turbid waters. Utilizing triboelectric generators (TENG) to provide light for seaweeds is a promising solution for enhancing seaweed growth and increasing their carbon sequestration rate. Here, we develop the hybrid fur TENG (F-TENG) designed with the fur-brush TENG (FB-TENG) and fur-sphere TENG (FS-TENG) to enhance the growth of seaweeds and achieve the self-powered and self-sensing blue carbon ecosystems. The FB-TENG exhibits a multistage step signal response, enabling the determination of the fur brush's relative displacement, which, in turn, reflects the impact of marine flow on the device in the vertical direction. The FS-TENG is employed for marine flow energy harvesting in the horizontal direction to illuminate LED lights and stimulate seaweed growth. The FS-TENG with four power generation units achieves the peak current, transferred charge, and instantaneous output power values of 29.9 μA, 0.66 μC, and 89.3mW, respectively. The seaweed cultivation experiments are conducted to demonstrate the significantly enhanced performance of the self-powered and self-sensing blue carbon ecosystems with respect to the growth of the juvenile seaweed by using the hybrid F-TENG as a self-powered light supply. A remarkable increase is observed in both the average net biomass accumulation and linear growth rate, reaching up to 10.83 ± 0.16% day-1 and 9.12 ± 0.68% day-1, respectively. Eventually, experiments are conducted in a circulating water tank to showcase the remarkable energy harvesting capabilities of the hybrid F-TENG. The reported hybrid F-TENG provides a promising solution for establishing self-powered and self-sensing blue carbon ecosystems.

Seaweed Growth Monitoring with a Low-Cost Vision-Based System.

In this paper, we introduce a method for automated seaweed growth monitoring by combining a low-cost RGB and stereo vision camera. While current vision-based seaweed growth monitoring techniques focus on laboratory measurements or above-ground seaweed, we investigate the feasibility of the underwater imaging of a vertical seaweed farm. We use deep learning-based image segmentation (DeeplabV3+) to determine the size of the seaweed in pixels from recorded RGB images. We convert this pixel size to meters squared by using the distance information from the stereo camera. We demonstrate the performance of our monitoring system using measurements in a seaweed farm in the River Scheldt estuary (in The Netherlands). Notwithstanding the poor visibility of the seaweed in the images, we are able to segment the seaweed with an intersection of the union (IoU) of 0.9, and we reach a repeatability of 6% and a precision of the seaweed size of 18%.

ANALYSIS OF THE OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS OF MEOSBEKWAN ISLAND (RAJA AMPAT DISTRICT) FOR THE SUITABILITY OF SEAWEED CULTIVATION

Seaweed cultivation is an alternative community livelihood that potentially helping to reduce pressure on coral reefs in the area of Raja Ampat Archipelago. This study was aimed to conduct an oceanographic analysis of the waters of Meosbekwan Island (Raja Ampat Regency) for the suitability of seaweed cultivation. Oceanographic data collection was carried out at three points (M1, M2, and M3) on the western side of Meosbekwan Island. Analysis of suitability for aquaculture was initiated with an analysis of key parameters, i.e., depth, protection and shipping traffic. The suitability analysis was followed by an analysis of the oceanographic parameters of the waters by weighting them using a ranking system. Furthermore, the final stage of suitability analysis was to evaluate the feasibility level of seaweed cultivation. The results showed that the depth of the waters on the western side of Meosbekwan Island ranged from 1.3 m – 5.8 m with an average depth of 1.5 m in the south (M1), 2.2 m in the middle (M2), and 3.9 m to the north (M3). Wave height during the study ranged from 0.1 – 0.3 m with an average value of 0.25 m at all points. The velocity of the water currents ranged from 0.08 – 0.25 m/s. The salinity of the waters was relatively homogeneous (30 - 31 o/oo). Water temperature also has small and relatively homogeneous variations with a range of 30 - 31˚C. The brightness of the waters ranged from 2.5 – 3.5 m. The bottom of the waters on the west side of Meosbekwan Island generally consists of coarse sand, rubble, and seagrass vegetation Enhalus acoroides and Cymodocea sp. In general, the oceanographic conditions of the waters are suitable for the life and growth of seaweed. The results of the location suitability evaluation indicated that the waters on the western side of Meosbekwan Island were technically feasible to serve as a location for seaweed cultivation.

Strong seasonal patterns of DOC release by a temperate seaweed community: Implications for the coastal ocean carbon cycle.

Release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by seaweed underpins the microbial food web and is crucial for the coastal ocean carbon cycle. However, we know relatively little of seasonal DOC release patterns in temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Strong seasonal changes in inorganic nitrogen availability, irradiance, and temperature regulate the growth of seaweeds on temperate reefs and influence DOC release. We seasonally surveyed and sampled seaweed at Coal Point, Tasmania, over 1 year. Dominant species with or without carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) were collected for laboratory experiments to determine seasonal rates of DOC release. During spring and summer, substantial DOC release (10.06-33.54 μmol C · g DW-1 · h-1 ) was observed for all species, between 3 and 27 times greater than during autumn and winter. Our results suggest that inorganic carbon (Ci ) uptake strategy does not regulate DOC release. Seasonal patterns of DOC release were likely a result of photosynthetic overflow during periods of high gross photosynthesis indicated by variations in tissue C:N ratios. For each season, we calculated a reef-scale net DOC release for seaweed at Coal Point of 7.84-12.9 g C · m-2 · d-1 in spring and summer, which was ~16 times greater than in autumn and winter (0.2-1.0 g C · m-2 · d-1 ). Phyllospora comosa, which dominated the biomass, contributed the most DOC to the coastal ocean, up to ~14 times more than Ecklonia radiata and the understory assemblage combined. Reef-scale DOC release was driven by seasonal changes in seaweed physiology rather than seaweed biomass.

Large global variations in the carbon dioxide removal potential of seaweed farming due to biophysical constraints

Estimates suggest that over 4 gigatons per year of carbon dioxide (Gt-CO2 year−1) be removed from the atmosphere by 2050 to meet international climate goals. One strategy for carbon dioxide removal is seaweed farming; however its global potential remains highly uncertain. Here, we apply a dynamic seaweed growth model that includes growth-limiting mechanisms, such as nitrate supply, to estimate the global potential yield of four types of seaweed. We estimate that harvesting 1 Gt year−1 of seaweed carbon would require farming over 1 million km2 of the most productive exclusive economic zones, located in the equatorial Pacific; the cultivation area would need to be tripled to attain an additional 1 Gt year−1 of harvested carbon, indicating dramatic reductions in carbon harvest efficiency beyond the most productive waters. Improving the accuracy of annual harvest yield estimates requires better understanding of biophysical constraints such as seaweed loss rates (e.g., infestation, disease, grazing, wave erosion).

Diversity, distribution and seasonal variation of seaweeds in Southwest coast of Peninsular India

Six different research locations around the southwest coasts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala were used for the current investigations on the diversity, distribution, and seasonal fluctuation of seaweeds (India). A total of 73 Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta were recorded under 23 families and 38 genera. The study site Rasthakaadu (53) was with the maximum number of seaweeds followed by Kanniyakumari (51). Out of six study sites, four study sites (Rasthakaadu, Kanniyakumari, Muttom, Kurumpanai) were dominant with Rhodophyta in contrast to the other two study sites (Vallavilai, Vizhinjam) in which Chlorophyta was dominant. Chlorophyta such as Chaetomorpha antannina, C. indica, C. media, Ulva fasciata, U. lactuca, brown seaweeds Sargassum ilicifolium and red seaweed Gracilariopsis longissima were commonly seen in the study area. Chaetomorpha indica (Chlorophyceae) was recorded as the most dominant species in season I, whereas Sargassum ilicifolium (Phaeophyaceae) was considered as the most dominant seaweed taxon in seasons II and III. The seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of seawater had much influence on the growth of seaweeds. Comparing the eastern Coromandel Coast of peninsular India to the western Malabar Coast, it has been found from the current study that the eastern Coromandel Coast was rich in seaweed. Moreover, the study shows that the topography and seasonal change of the physicochemical characteristics of seawater at a given site were the key determinants of seaweed richness. Anthropogenic activities, like Nuclear power plants (Koodankulam), sand mining, construction works, dumping of plastics etc., also affected the potential growth of seaweeds thereby reducing the sustainability of the natural resource.

Solar-enhanced bio-electro-Fenton driven by sediment microbial fuel cell for ametryn degradation in simulated seawater

In marine aquaculture areas, herbicides have been used to inhibit the wild growth of seaweed, which may seriously affect the ecological environment and food safety. Here the commonly applied ametryn was used as the representative pollutant, and solar enhanced bio-electro-Fenton driven in situ by sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) was proposed to degrade ametryn in simulated seawater. SMFC with γ-FeOOH-coated carbon felt cathode was operated under the simulated solar light (γ-FeOOH-SMFC), where two-electron oxygen reduction and activation of H2O2 occurred to promote the production of hydroxyl radicals at the cathode. Hydroxyl radicals, photo-generated holes, and anodic microorganism worked together to degrade ametryn with an initial concentration of 2 mg/L in the self-driven system. The removal efficiency of ametryn in γ-FeOOH-SMFC was 98.7 % during the operation period of 49 days, which was 6 times higher than that under natural degradation condition. When γ-FeOOH-SMFC was in the steady phase, oxidative species were continuously and efficiently generated. The maximum power density (Pmax) of γ-FeOOH-SMFC was 44.6 W/m3. According to the intermediate products of ametryn degradation in γ-FeOOH-SMFC, four possible pathways of ametryn degradation were proposed. This study provides an effective, cost-saving, and in situ treatment for refractory organics in seawater.

Analysis of the growth of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) on the initial weight and different plant distance cultured off the base of waters of lingayan island

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan rumput laut E. cottonii pada bobot awal dan jarak tanam berbeda yang dibudidayakan di lepas dasar perairan. Bibit rumput laut jenis E. cottonii dipelihara selama 42 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Pola Faktorial yang terdiri atas 2 faktor, yaitu faktor J (Jarak Tanam) dan faktor B (Bobot Bibit). Faktor J terdiri atas 3 taraf (20 cm, 30 cm dan 40 cm) dan faktor B terdiri atas 3 taraf (50 g, 75 g, dan 100 g), sehingga diperoleh 27 unit satuan percobaan. Data dianalisis ragam terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji keterpenuhan asumsi dasar analisis ragam, yaitu uji sebaran data Kolmogorov-Smirnov, uji kesamaan ragam perlakuan Bartlett dan uji keaditifan model Metode Tukey dengan menggunakan program aplikasi excel dan Minitab 16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jarak tanam tidak berpengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap perturbing bobot mutlak. Kombinasi perlakuan tertinggi terdapat pada kombinasi jarak tanam 30 cm dengan bobot awal 50 g (J2B3) dan yang terendah terdapat pada kombinasi jarak tanam 30 cm dengan bobot awal 100 g (J2B1). Perbedaan bobot awal (50, 75 dan 100 g) berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap pertumbuhan bobot mutlak. Semakin tinggi bobot awal yang digunakan maka pertumbuhan bobot mutlak E. cottonii semakin meningkat dengan peningkatan bobot rata-rata berkisar 260,34- 435,92 gram.

Diseminasi Pemanfaatan Pupuk Bionik Untuk Perbaikan Performa Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut

Farming seaweed is a significant source of income since it helps coastal communities become more resilient. Due to the simple growing, harvesting, and drying methods, low degree of capital investment, and quick production cycle (1.5 months), seaweed cultivation in Tablolong Village, West Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province is dominated by cultivators from coastal villages. The present issue for farmers of seaweed is the unavailability of seeds, both in terms of quantity and quality. Simple actions such as community service projects (PKM) with a focus on fertilizing activities utilizing bionic fertilizers can be taken to encourage the growth of seaweed. The method used to achieve the target of this PKM program is participatory counseling, dissemination of research results, assistance in seaweed cultivation, and monitoring during seaweed cultivation. In November 2021, PKM operations are conducted in Tablolong Village's coastal region. Through the use of bionic seaweed fertilizer, the activity's aim is to earn the partner group's production rates. After participating in PKM activities, the "Blue Sea" partner group was able to produce Kappaphycus striatum by utilizing bionic fertilizers, where the analysis results showed that the daily growth rate was 3.38% day-1, absolute growth was 176 gr and production was 2,755.62 gr m-1.

PENGEMBANGAN USAHA BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT DI DESA NURUWE KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

This study aims to examine the development of seaweed cultivation in Nuruwe Village, West Seram Regency. Primary data were collected through 4 respondents in the cultivation group with direct interviews and direct field observations of the object under study. Data were analyzed using qualitative analysis methods, namely productivity analysis, growth analysis, income analysis and financial ratios (BEP, ROI, R/C) and development strategy through SWOT and AHP analysis. The results showed that seaweed production was classified as productive, the absolute growth of seaweed had increased, seaweed cultivation was feasible to be developed and the development strategy resulted in 6 priority strategies, namely a). First Priority: Establishment of Seaweed Cultivation Institution b). Second Priority: Improving Cultivation Facilities and Infrastructure c). Third Priority: Water Conservation and Law Enforcement d). Fourth Priority: Seaweed Cultivation Technical Training e). Fifth Priority: Enlarging Cultivation Business f). Sixth Priority: Increased Seaweed Production.

Marine biorefinery: an environmentally sustainable solution to turn marine biomass and processing wastes into value-added products and profits

Marine biorefinery: an environmentally sustainable solution to turn marine biomass and processing wastes into value-added products and profits

Cultivation of seaweed Caulerpa racemosa on a laboratory scale using liquid organic fertilizer

Indonesia is a maritime country that has seaweed natural resources that have the potential to be developed. Several types of seaweed have started to be cultivated by manipulating the cultivation environment such as providing various types of fertilizers to complement nutrient needs. This research was carried out at the Hatchery Laboratory of the Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Malikussaleh University in February –March 2020 which aims to determine the growth rate of Caulerpa racemosa by applying liquid organic fertilizer with different concentrations in the cultivation media. The design used was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely A Control (without giving liquid organic fertilizer), B (giving liquid organic fertilizer with a concentration of 0.22 mL fertilizer/L water), C (giving organic fertilizer). liquid concentration of 0.28 mL of fertilizer/L of water) and D (giving of liquid organic fertilizer with a concentration of 0.34 mL of fertilizer/L of water). The results showed that the application of liquid organic fertilizer had a very significant effect on the length growth rate of seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa). The best growth rate was in treatment D with a length growth rate of 9.2 cm. There was no significant difference between the weight growth rate and the regeneration rate of the thallus. However, based on the growth yield data for all treatments, it can be said that the higher the concentration of liquid fertilizer used, the better the growth of seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa).Keywords: Caulerpa rasemosa; Pertumbuhan; Pupuk cair; Rumput Laut.

The Application of Smart Fish Method Cultivation for Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii to Increase in Production in the Waters of Seribu Island, Indonesia

Cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii with the long line method is not fully effective because in certain seasons of extreme weather its production decreases due to loss of thallus during cultivation. This study aims to determine the performance of Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivation using local seed and tissue culture seeds methods with different spacing. The experimental design used was a factorial completely randomized design, in which there were factor A (different seeds) and factor B (different spacing). Based on the results of the study, the average DGR of K. alvarezii with different seed origins in each treatment at different distances, there was no difference. The results showed that the extreme weather factor of waves affected the growth of seaweed because in the planting season from May to July the waves and waves were very strong. Therefore, the long line cultivation method is not feasible to be applied to improve the performance of seaweed cultivation.

Difference Long Irradiation on The Growth Rate of Kappaphycus Alvarezii

The study aimed to find out the long-standing difference in irradiation to the growth rate of Kappaphycus alvarezii in controlled containers. The method used is experimental. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) using four (4) treatments with 3 repeats, namely the treatment of P1 control (without irradiation), P2 (8 hours of irradiation), P3 (10-hour irradiation), P4 (12-hour irradiation). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a rate of 5% with a confidence interval of 95% and continued with the Duncan test. In this study, the average results of absolute weight and the highest specific daily growth rate at P4 treatment of 25.67±1.53 gr, 3.30±0.06%, followed by P3 treatment 21±2 gr, 3.11±0.09%, P2 treatment 16±1 gr, 2.87±0.06%, and lowest P1 treatment 12.33±2.08 gr, 2.63±0.15%. The average value of light intensity in each treatment is P1 1053±41.00 lux, P2 1256±27.71 lux, P3 1479±0.58 lux, and P4 1668±34.64 lux. Water quality parameters during maintenance are in the normal limit range for seaweed maintenance. D treatment produces the highest growth value this is because the light is an energy source in the process of photosynthesis, in chlorophyll plants, photosynthesis is the main process determining the rate of growth. The quality and amount of light that enters affects the growth of seaweed. This research concluded that the maintenance of Kappaphycus alvarezii in controlled containers with different irradiation had a significant effect on growth. 12 hours irradiation (P4) gave the best growth with an absolute weight of 16.00 g, and a specific growth rate of 4.06% per day and gave the highest chlorophyll-a value of 2.72 mg/l. Meanwhile, the highest phycoerythrin value was found in (P1) without irradiation, which was 4.58 mg/l.

Salinity and temperature profiling for the submarine groundwater discharge simulations: Quantification through heat and solute transport model

Developed coastal regions are the hotspots for contaminated groundwater discharge, affecting sensitive marine ecosystems. The present study aims to identify submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) locations and quantify the contaminant load reaching to the western coast of India (Gujarat coast) using stable isotopes, seepage meter, heat and solute transport model. The coastal aquifers are highly enriched in trace metals due to various active natural processes and anthropogenic activities across the coast. Terrestrial and recirculated SGD was a significant contributor to flow and metal load, which ranged from 1.04 to 181.1 m3.year−1 and 0–77.41 kg.year-1, respectively. The highest estimated SGD in the Gujarat coast was relatively less than the SGD reported in the Bay of Bengal and comparable to the South Chennai coast. The order of metal flux found in the study was Zn > Fe > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Mn, whereas the highest flux of Zn (77.41 kg. year−1) was reported at Fansa beach, which was 7x Fe-flux and 45 x Cr-flux, respectively. Higher micronutrients (Fe and Zn) load in the southern coast leads to increased vulnerability of eutrophication, algal blooms and biotic ligand formation in aquatic species. This enrichment of micronutrients in the coastal ecosystem was evident by the growth of seaweeds on the seabed at SGD identified locations.