Growth Of Provenances Research Articles

Growth and adaptability of provenances and progenies of Pinus maximinoi H.E.Moore in northern Mozambique

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and adaptability of Pinus maximinoi provenances and progenies and to estimate the genetic variation that could be exploited in feature improvement (e.g. breeding studies). Data from this study are from a 12-year P. maximinoi trial established by the Florestas do Niassa Lda, (an afforestation company), with four provenances and nineteen progenies, in the Chimbonila district, northern Mozambique. The field trial was set up in a randomised block design with four repetitions and six plant linear plots. At two, four and eight years of age, performance in total height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and survival were analysed. The results at eight years of age showed no significant variation between provenances for all variables analysed. Our selection criteria detected 45% of the best performing progenies mostly from Yuscaran and San Jeronimo. Most of the nine progenies classified as best, based on predicted additive genetic effect and genetic gain, belonged to Yuscaran and Tatumbla. On the other hand, most of the progenies at the level of the 17 best-classified individuals were from San Jeronimo, which we suggest can be used for future breeding projects in northern Mozambique.

Short-term responses of growth and leaf physiology of the sclerophyllous Cryptocarya alba (Molina) seed sources to water restriction

ABSTRACT There are concerns about the vulnerability of some dominant sclerophyllous species in Mediterranean zones to water restriction, especially at outplanting, and much of the efforts for active restoration are on identifying proper seed sources. This study aimed to determine the short-term responses of growth, biomass partitioning, and leaf-physiological traits of Cryptocarya alba provenances to water restriction in nursery conditions. Three seed sources from xeric sites (northern distribution) and one from a more mesic site (southern distribution) were subjected to water restriction for three months and then evaluated in increments in root collar diameter and height, biomass components (leaves, shoots, roots), gas-exchange and fluorescence parameters, and carbon (Δ13) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic ratios. Water restriction decreased growth and leaf biomass as a short-term response, but this effect was not expressed in stem and root biomass. Similarly, water restriction decreased the photosynthetic rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs), and maximum efficiency of PSII. Moreover, water restriction also increased the intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEint), but it had no effect on Δ13 or δ18O. Seed sources did not differ in any traits except in stem and total biomass. The results did not confirm a better performance of seed sources from xeric than mesic origin sites to water restriction.

ProvLink-IoT: A novel provenance model for Link-Layer Forensics in IoT networks

Provenance has been instrumental in networked systems to solve issues related to data trustworthiness, network diagnostics, security, and forensic analysis. Existing provenance based solutions for the Internet of Things (IoT) are either device-centric or platform-centric, which address only application layer attacks. Whereas any stealthy attacks performed at MAC, network, and other sub-layers which alter the behavior of IoT devices often go undetected. Provenance based forensic solutions offer effective mechanisms for investigating link and network layer attacks in IoT networks. Realizing this potential, we propose ProvLink-IoT, a novel provenance model for link-layer forensic analysis in IoT networks. ProvLink-IoT employs PROV-DM and PROV-TEMPLATE standards to model the provenance of the network. Provenance graphs are generated under both benign and attack scenarios based on the provenance logs and network traffic collected from the network. ProvLink-IoT is implemented in a simulated environment with a case study on the 6TiSCH protocol stack. We implemented three link-layer attacks on TSCH and the 6top layers of the 6TiSCH network to study their impact and perform forensic analysis. Link-IoT, a comprehensive link-layer dataset, is generated from the network provenance, which can be used in the further incident and forensic analysis. The performance impact of ProvLink-IoT on IoT network is analyzed in terms of provenance growth rate and storage overhead. Experimental results showed the efficacy of the proposed solution in correlating evidence during incident analysis and its relevance to real-time scenarios.

Provenance tests of Pinus sylvestris L.: Estimation at the age of the half-rotation period

The study of geographical crops is relevant because they are one of the reliable tools for identifying possible scenarios for the response of forest woody plant species to climate change. The purpose of the study of geographical crops of Scots pine established in 1981 in the Kyiv Oblast was to compare the growth and productivity of provenances in different age periods, determine the optimal time for early and final diagnosis of their ranking, and model the relationship between the growth and survivability indicators of provenances with climatic and other environmental variables at the age of 21, 32, and 37 years. The ANOVA method established a statistically significant influence of the geographical origin of seeds on the growth of geographical crops. At the age of 37, the capacity for survival varies from 25% (Lviv provenance) to 36.2% (Chernihiv provenance). At this age, populations from Lviv, Kyiv, and Cherkasy oblasts are characterised by the highest height. According to the intensity of radial growth, these same provenances are distinguished, as well as variants from Volyn and Luhansk. In terms of the stock of stem wood, the best is provenance from the Chernihiv Oblast. Stabilisation of the ranks of provenances in terms of survivability, growth, and productivity is observed only after 21 years. It is assumed that the most accurate assessment of the growth and condition of Scots pine provenances can be obtained at an age that corresponds to a third or a half of the age of the main felling. The trend of clinal variability in the survival of provenances and the average diameter of their trunks along the geographical (latitudinal) and ecological (temperature) gradients is revealed. The study results can be used to update the current forest-seed zoning of Ukraine

Douglas-fir Exhibits High Growth Performance and Survival in Southern Chile

Abstract We evaluated the potential of 19 provenances of the coastal variety of Douglas-fir for commercial plantation development in Southern Chile. Seedlings from 668 families were planted in two trials differing in site preparation and previous land use conditions. Height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), stem volume index (VOL), and survival (SUR) were measured on all trees at the age of 10 years. Provenances from west of the Cascade Crest in Washington and Oregon performed the best at both sites, whereas provenances from east of the Cascade Crest were among the worst. Differences among provenances were not large and average H, DBH, VOL, and SUR across all provenances were 7.3 m, 11.9 cm, 0.06 m3, and 82%, respectively. The results indicate good potential of the species at sites in Southern Chile characterized by high levels of precipitation. Seed sources from coastal Washington and Oregon could provide appropriate planting material under current climate conditions. Study Implications: This study examined the performance in growth and survival of different provenances of Douglas-fir with the intention to inform foresters which are the most appropriate provenances for planting activities. The provenances tested had an average survival of 82%. Provenances originating from west of the Cascade Crest in Washington and Oregon were the best performing provenances in the study area and can be used as planting material for the establishment of large-scale plantations.

Jane C. Milosch and Nick Pearce, eds. Collecting and Provenance: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Provenance Research Initiative, 2019. Paperback. $75.00. (ISBN: 9781538127568).

Jane Milosch and Nick Pearce’s standalone 2019 Collecting and Provenance: A Multidisciplinary Approach packs a lot into a relatively compact package while leaving plenty of room for additional work and encouraging the growth of provenance as an interdisciplinary field of study. The compilation takes the form of twenty-eight chapters spread over four parts, best read with time allotted for contemplation between the parts. Bookended by methodologies and ethical questions, this is a dense but approachable interdisciplinary work with broad appeal.

SWOT Analysis: Growth of E-commerce Within the Context of Digital Economy

E-commerce industry within the international scope, a proven growth hot spot that drives exports and consumption, is considered a key topic in current cross-border trade research. Nowadays, the rising significance of cross-border e-commerce, the problems that are tackled by the industry, and the development path have been explained and explained from multiple perspectives and dimensions. However, it is worth noting that there have been a variety of new opportunities and obstacles leading to the growth of cross-border e-commerce since the digital economy has grown and the pandemic has become more common. Accordingly, this work integrates the data and policy documents of the development of the e-commerce industry across the geographical scope in the context of the current scenario, conducts a SWOT analysis, and then explores the potential for growth of international e-commerce within the framework of the digital economy. Finally, realistic suggestions are proposed, which will inevitably serve as reference material for the development of the e-commerce industry across the world hence taking advantage of the opportunities and navigating obstacles.

Crystal growth inhibition by impurity stoppers, now

Impurities and intentionally introduced additives can exert significant influence on crystal growth, and they can play a critical role in crystallization processes. Additives can inhibit growth by binding to the edge of advancing steps. So-called “stopper” mechanisms, described by Cabrera-Vermilyea and Bliznakov, are regarded as the most effective mode of inhibition. Growth inhibition kinetic data, however, often do not fit these models, prompting the use of various corrections and numerical simulations. In this perspective, we briefly describe approaches to more accurate modeling of kinetic data that reveal the limits of accurate and quantitative agreement with the aforementioned models. Kinetic data for crystal growth on the {0001} faces of L-cystine single crystals in the presence of the dimethylester of L-cystine, a proven growth inhibitor described as a “molecular imposter” or “tailor-made additive,” is simulated using a numerical model that incorporates chaotic distribution of stoppers over the crystal surface. A related analysis is included for potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Study on the Growth of Falcataria moluccana at 14-Month-Old and the Productivity Rice Plant (Oryza sativa) IPB 3S in Agroforestry System

Agroforestry is a forestry and agriculture plant utilization system using sustainable land management to gain more products. Falcataria moluccana is a forestry plant that has been cultivated mostly in an agroforestry system by the Indonesian people, particularly on Java Island. Appropriate F. moluccana species selection and planting space in an agroforestry system are expected to improve plant growth and suppress the damage level that occurred in F. moluccana. The agroforestry system with F. moluccana and rice plant (Oryza sativa) is one of the alternative ways to support the national food needs. This study aimed to analyze the growth of various provenances of F. moluccana at the age of 14 months and analyze the productivity of IPB 3S rice in two planting spaces of F. moluccana. This study used a completely randomized two-factorial design, with the first factor being the provenance of F. moluccana, i.e., Solomon F1, Solomon F2, and local Kendal, and the F. moluccana spacing of 1.5 m x 3.0 m and 1.5 m x 1.5 m was the second factor. The F. moluccana growth parameters, rice plant growth parameters, and rice plant productivity in agroforestry systems were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). If a significant effect on each parameter at a 5% confidence level occurred, the parameters were further analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The study found that provenance had no significant effect on the growth of 14-month-old F. moluccana. The results also showed that the growth of 14-month-old Solomon F2 had a relatively higher value on the parameters of height and diameter. The highest productivity of IPB 3S rice was found in the local F. moluccana shade at a spacing of 1.5 m x 1.5 m, reaching 0.201 tons/ha. The highest rice productivity was due to the magnitude of the light intensity received by rice of 5414.30 lux.

Responses to subtropical climate in radial growth and wood density of Chinese fir provenances, southern China

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) is a native tree species endemic to China and produces timber with high economic value. It is essential to select a provenance with more optimal adaptability to counteract the potential adverse effects of climate change. However, only a few dendroecology analyses of the variation in Chinese fir provenance climate response have been performed. Therefore, we obtained radial growth (tree ring width, earlywood width and latewood width) and wood density (earlywood density, latewood density, minimum density and maximum density) chronologies for 52 Chinese fir provenances grown in a common garden plantation in southern China. Tree-ring analysis methods (dendrochronology) were used to quantify the influence of climate on radial growth and wood densities of the Chinese fir provenances over a 32-year period (1981–2013). The results showed that the mean values of ring widths and wood densities were significantly related to latitude and longitude at the seed-source origin, respectively. Our study also confirmed that tree ring width is primarily sensitive to summer temperature, whereas parameter maximum density contains the strongest climate signal about spring precipitation. Along with a positive effect of warm winter (December and January) on radial growths, high temperatures in summer (July to September) had a negative effect on tree ring widths. Furthermore, the maximum density chronologies shared a significant negative response to the current April precipitation. However, our findings demonstrate that there is the greatest differentiation among Chinese fir provenances in the strength of the correlations between climate variables (temperature and precipitation) and tree ring indices. Based on responses to temperature and precipitation, Chinese fir provenances from the continuous China distribution range can be divided into several geographic groups along a longitudinal and latitudinal gradient. In general, our results suggest that in developing models to predict the response of Chinese fir to changing climate, it is necessary to include intraspecific differentiation in acclimation and adaptation to environmental factors.

Sino-orbital gas gangrene – A guest unknown

Orbital cellulitis is a dreaded entity that can lead to an array of complications from visual loss to cavernous sinus involvement. Paranasal sinus (PNS) infection and trauma are the most common etiology. We report a case series of three patients who were victims of landslide and developed orbital cellulitis. Facial edema, proptosis, central retinal artery occlusion and hyperdense foci in the orbit, and PNS with proven growth of Clostridium perfringes were the common features in all these patients. Natural calamity leading to this fulminant infection led to mortality of all three patients. This is the first case series of sino-orbital gas gangrene in victims of heavy rainfall causing landslide.

Climate response of radial growth and early selection of Larix olgensis at four trials in northeast China

The objective of this study was to evaluate the age trends of genetic variation in radial growth of different provenances and growth-climate relationship in different locations. Tree-ring cores of 10 L. olgensis provenances were sampled from four representative trials with different climatic conditions in 2019. The results of ANOVA show that significant differences for DBH at different ages were detected among provenances within sites, except for 10, 11, 37, and 38 years at LS. The phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation in different sites were generally decreased with age. Although there were large fluctuations for provenance repeatability at different ages across sites, they all belonged to high repeatability. Age-age correlations show that the early selection for DBH could be made at the age of 10 years at the semi-arid area in Heilongjiang province and the southeast slope of Xiaoxing'an Mountains, while the ages for early selection at the southeastern slope of Daxing'an Mountains and the western slope of Zhangguangcai Mountain were 13 and 12 years old, respectively. The results of growth-climate relationships showed that temperature and precipitation played key roles in the radial growth of larch at each site. In the semi-arid area in Heilongjiang province, radial growth showed significant correlations with August temperature (positive) of the current year, and with previous May temperature (negative) and November temperature (positive), and previous December precipitation (positive). The current June temperature (negative) and precipitation (positive) were important factors affecting the radial growth at the southeastern slope of Daxing'an Mountains. July temperature of the current year had a negative relationship with larch growth at the southeast slope of Xiaoxing'an Mountains, while there were no significant correlations between radial growth and climatic factors at the western slope of Zhangguangcai Mountain. The results reported in this study provide a valuable insight about early selection for different sites and can serve as a reference for future breeding and improvement research.

An evaluation of an agroforestry system with 2-year-old sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and shade-tolerant upland rice

Abstract. Tsaniya SH, Wijayanto N, Wirnas D. 2022. An evaluation of an agroforestry system with 2-year-old sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and shade-tolerant upland rice. Biodiversitas 23: 1159-1166. Sengon is tree species that is often cultivated with upland rice in agroforestry systems. The main obstacle of rice development in agroforestry systems are competition between plants for sunlight and nutrients. 2-year-old sengon has a wider canopy and longer roots, increasing competition between sengon and rice. Planting upland rice in this condition requires strategies, such as selecting shade-tolerant rice varieties and rice plantations inside bamboo. This study aimed to evaluate the agroforestry system of sengon and shade-tolerant upland rice when the sengon plants were two years old and evaluate the effectiveness of using bamboo to reduce the competition between sengon and upland rice. This research was conducted from November 2020 to April 2021 in the Cikabayan Forest, IPB University, Bogor, West Java. This study one-factor completely randomized design to analyze the growth of sengon provenances and a three-factor completely randomized design with three replications to analyze the growth and yield of rice. The first factor was the cultivation system (Solomon F1 agroforestry, Solomon F2 agroforestry, local sengon agroforestry, and rice monoculture), the second factor was the planting method (using bamboo and without bamboo), and the third factor was rice varieties (Rindang 1 Agritan and Rindang 2 Agritan). The results showed that Solomon and local sengon in this study had a growth that was not significantly different and had low diversity. The results also showed that 2-year-old sengon spacing 3 m x 1.5 m caused great shade and high competition, leading to low rice yields.

Growth stability of four drought resistant plant species in different regions

There are abundant germplasm resources of drought resistant trees in China. It is difficult for foresters to evaluate and screen excellent germplasm that is suitable for various drought adverse circumstances. In this study, four tree species from different provenances, namely Amygdalus davi-diana, Prunus sibirica, Salix gordejevii, and Caryopteris mongolica, were used as test materials. Four soil regions, namely Dalad Banner, Siziwang Banner, Kouhezi town and Liujiazi town of Kulun Banner in the Central and Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as multi-point experiment sites to analyze the growth and physiological status of different tree species and provenances. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model was used to evaluate the regional adaptability and stability of the germplasm. The growth and physiological indices of four tree species differed between provenances and locations. Soil conditions (potassium content, nitrogen content, and pH) and climate conditions (annual average temperature, precipitation, and potential evaportranspiration) in different locations all influenced the growth of different provenance species. Concerning tree species, S. gordejevii and C. mongolica are more adapted to the sandy loam and chestnut soil of Dalad Banner and Siziwang Banner. A. davidiana and P. sibirica L. are more adapted to the loess and aeolian sandy soil of Kouhezi town and Liujiazi town. Concerning tree provenances, A. davidiana of Tuzuo, P. sibirica of Ningcheng and Yuanzhou, S. gordejevii of Lanqi, and C. mongolica of Jingbian displayed higher regional stability and better growth adaptability, indicating their suitability for afforestation in similar areas.

Performance and genetic diversity of 23 provenances of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) after 25 years of growth in South Korea

Growth traits and genetic diversity of 23 provenances of Quercus rubra introduced from North America were analyzed in a provenance trial established with a randomized block design in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, South Korea in 1993. Growth variables and survival at age 25 were compared with results from early stages. Height, DBH, volume and stem straightness of Q. rubra was better than those of the domestic oak (Quercus accutissima). Growth of the Dunham Island provenance from New York was the best among the 23 provenances that of the Eagle River provenance from Wisconsin was poorest. Survival rate at age 25 was on average 52%. The longitude of seed origin and growth of provenance were consistently significantly negatively correlated at all ages. Growth of coastal provenances was superior to that of the inland provenances, which were separated by the Appalachian Mountains. Genetic diversity and genetic distance among the provenances were evaluated using microsatellite markers. The allelic frequencies showed high polymorphism in 10 microsatellite loci, and 292 alleles were found. Of 10 loci, two were commonly found in the 23 provenances. The mean allelic diversity and heterozygosity observed among the provenances were similar to those from the native populations of Q. rubra in North America. Nei′s genetic distance among the 23 was estimated and showed that a clear trend between geographic and genetic distances, indicating that some provenances have high genetic diversity with superior growth performance.

Growth of provenances of Cryptocarya alba during water stress and after re–watering in the nursery

ABSTRACT: Intensification of drought in Mediterranean–type climates has limited seedling establishment. The knowledge of the ecology of selected species and its intraspecific variation to water stress at the seedling stage should be considered in order to overcome limitations. We investigated variations in growth, survival, and leaf–level physiology in four provenances of the endemic Cryptocarya alba (Mol.) during water stress and after re–watering. Seedlings were cultured in the nursery during 23 months and then subjected to two watering treatments based on soil water content (well–watered and water restriction, 0.38 and 0.17 cm3 cm−3, respectively) for 45 days. At the end of the watering treatments, seedling growth, above– and belowground biomass, survival, and leaf gas exchange were measured. Right after the watering treatments, the surviving seedlings were submitted to a recovery period of 21 days, in which all seedlings were re–watered at 0.38 cm3 cm−3 of soil water content and measured for leaf gas exchange. Provenances differed in growth and biomass allocation. Unlike growth and biomass, interaction between provenance and watering treatments was found for photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency of northern provenances, exhibiting the highest performance under water restriction. However, most variations observed occurred before the re–watering period and only a few occurred after this period. The four provenances under study exhibited similar photosynthesis and stomatal conductance after re–watering. Our study demonstrated phenotypic variation of C. alba and the capability of the species to withstand and recover from water stress.

Variation in seedling budburst phenology and structural traits among southwestern ponderosa pine provenances

We used a common garden study to investigate genetic variation in spring budburst phenology, growth, and structural traits of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm.) seedlings from 10 provenances of different elevations in Arizona and New Mexico, United States. Seedlings were grown with ample resources for two growing seasons in a greenhouse in northern Arizona. Budburst date was measured at the onset of the second growing season; seedling growth, biomass, biomass ratios (shoot:root ratio, root mass ratio, stem mass ratio, and leaf mass ratio), and specific leaf area were measured at the end of the second season. Low-elevation provenances (<2000 m) had earlier budburst and lower specific leaf area than middle- (2000–2500 m) and high-elevation (>2500 m) provenances. Height, leaf length, biomass, and biomass ratios were similar for elevational groups. Total biomass was positively correlated (r = 0.824) with provenance mean annual precipitation. Shoot:root ratio was positively correlated (r = 0.652) with longitude. Results suggest adaptation of low-elevation provenances to warm spring temperatures (early budburst) and aridity (low specific leaf area), inherently faster growth of provenances from wet locations, and greater allocation to shoots in eastern provenances. Such information about geographic patterns of genetic variation may be useful for selecting seed sources for planting in a changing climate.

State-of-the-Art Pediatric Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: a Literature Review.

ObjectiveTo examine the results of various myocardial revascularization techniques in pediatric patients to better understand the strategies for surgical treatment of coronary artery pathologies.MethodsWe analyzed 61 publications dedicated to the indications, methods, and results of coronary bypass surgery in children. Due to the small size of this cohort, case reports are also included in our review.ResultsThe main indications for coronary bypass grafting in children are Kawasaki disease, myocardial revascularization as a necessary procedure during the congenital cardiac surgery, to manage intraoperative iatrogenic damage to coronary arteries, and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The use of internal thoracic arteries as conduits for coronary bypass grafting in children with Kawasaki disease showed significantly better results in long-term functionality compared to autovenous conduits (87% and 44%, respectively, P<0.001). Acute and late coronary events after arterial switch operation for the transposition of the great arteries, anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, and left main coronary artery atresia are the main congenital heart diseases where surgical correction involves interventions on the coronary arteries.ConclusionThe internal thoracic artery is a reliable and durable conduit that demonstrates proven growth potential in children.

Genetic Parameter Estimates and Genotype × Environment Interactions of Growth and Quality Traits for Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don in Four Provenance-family Trials in Southern China

Betula alnoides is a valuable timber species with wide ecological adaptability in Southeast Asia and southern China. There are more than 150,000 ha of B. alnoides plantations in China until now. However, heavy differentiation in growth and quality traits with low productivity are usually seen in the practice. Elite germplasm are thus urgently needed for this species. Here growth and quality traits for 199 families of 25 provenances were assessed at four sites when 10–15 years old to estimate genetic parameters and reveal genotype by environment (G × E) interaction, and screen out superior provenances and families for plantation forestry of B. alnoides. The growth and quality performances of provenances varied with sites. Significant site, provenance, family and provenance-site effects were revealed for most growth and quality traits, while significant family-site effects were only observed in crown width (CW) and crown shape (CS), inferring that there existed significant G × E interaction. The provenance repeatability ( h p 2 ) and family heritability ( h f 2 ) of all tested traits ranged from 0.026 to 0.636 and 0.148 to 0.578, respectively. Stem volume showed the highest genetic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV, PCV) among all traits at each site. The diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), height to live crown base (HCB) and CW were strongly correlated with other traits, and were also under relatively higher genetic control and had stronger discriminating ability on genotype differences. Through biplot analyses of main genotypic effect and G × E interaction (GGE) for these traits, five provenances and 20 families were screened out with selection ratio of 20 % and 10% at provenance and family level, respectively. The genetic and realized gains at provenance level ranged from 0.25% to 2.01% and 2.43% to 14.84%, and those at family level ranged from 0.85% to 21.22% and 5.76% to 36.71%, respectively. The findings lay a foundation for subsequent study on genetic improvement and breeding of this species, and application of the superior provenances and families will greatly increase the productivity of its plantations in practice.

Variation in carbon concentrations and allocations among Larix olgensis populations growing in three field environments

Key messageVariation in carbon concentration amongLarix olgensisA. Henry provenances and tree tissues was significant, suggesting importance of such variation to carbon stock calculation. Provenance variation in carbon allocation was only significant in allocations to some tissues, including stem wood, and was strongly site-specific. Some allocation patterns correlated significantly with provenance growth and were related to geographic/climatic variables at the provenance origins.ContextUnderstanding variation in carbon concentrations and allocations to tree tissues among genetic entries is important for assessing carbon sequestration and understanding differential growth rates among the entries. However, this topic is poorly understood, in particular for mature trees in field conditions.AimsThe study aims to assess genetic variation in C concentrations and allocations to tree tissues and further to link the variation to tree growth and to assess their adaptive nature.MethodsIn 2011, carbon concentrations and allocations to tree tissues (stem wood, stem bark, branches, foliage, and root components) were measured on 31-year-old trees of ten Larix olgensis A. Henry provenances growing at three sites located in northeast China: CuoHai Forest Farm (CH), LiangShui Forest Farm (LS), and MaoErShān Forest Farm (MES). Variation in carbon allocation was analyzed using allometric methods.ResultsVariation in C concentration among tree tissues and among provenances was significant and site-specific. The cross-tissue variation in concentration was driven primarily by high concentration in branches and leaves and low concentration in stem wood and coarse roots. Differences between the minimum and maximum provenance means reached 1% at the tree level. Provenance variation was only significant in allocations to stem wood, branches, and fine roots and was strongly site-specific. Provenance variation in stem wood allocation was independent of provenance growth rate. Some allocation patterns correlated significantly with provenance growth; the faster-growing provenances allocated more to branches and less to fine roots at the LS site, but an opposite pattern was true at MES site. Most significant allocation traits were related to geographic/climatic variables at the provenance origins, but the driving factors varied with site.ConclusionProvenance variation in C concentration and allocation existed for L. olgensis but was strongly site-specific. Similarly, relationships of provenance variation in C allocation with provenance growth and their adaptive nature varied greatly with site. Our results will be of interest to ecologists and tree breeders studying dynamics of plantations in terms of climate change.