Population Growth Research Articles

Research on the Driving Factors and Prediction Model of Urban Underground Space Demand in China

The development and utilization of urban underground space (UUS) have emerged as critical strategies to address the challenges posed by urban population growth and land resource depletion. Accurate prediction of UUS demand serves as the cornerstone for scientifically planning underground space and promoting sustainable urban development. In this study, statistical analysis methods were used to investigate the relationship between potential driving factors and UUS demand based on collected data from 16 cities in China. The identification of primary driving factors involves correlation, path, and determination coefficient analyses. Subsequently, univariate regression, multiple linear regression, and LASSO regression methods are employed to construct prediction models for UUS demand. Additionally, the link between historical data and UUS demand in each city was studied separately. The findings reveal that GDP per km2 and GDP per capita comprehensively capture the influence of urban population, economy, and transportation on UUS demand. Notably, GDP per km2 makes the most significant contribution to the proposed regression models, followed by GDP per capita. The application of LASSO regression proves effective in selecting potential factors while maximizing data utilization, presenting itself as a valuable auxiliary tool for UUS planning.

Feasibility Assessment of a Small-Scale Agrivoltaics-Based Desalination Plant with Flywheel Energy Storage—Case Study: Namibia

As climate change and population growth threaten rural communities, especially in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa, rural electrification becomes crucial to addressing water and food security within the energy-water-food nexus. This study explores social innovation in microgrid projects, focusing on integrating micro-agrovoltaics (APV) with flywheel energy storage systems (FSSs) and small-scale water desalination and purification plants. Employing a mixed-methods approach to assess the economic viability of FSS and APV-powered desalination, we believe that social innovation could serve as a significant tool for rural development, requiring collaboration between governments, the private sector, and nonprofit organizations. While FSS technology for microgrids has not been entirely developed, it holds promise as an alternative energy storage solution. Our capital budgeting analysis, presented within the context of social innovation, reveals positive Net Present Values (NPV) and a short payback period over the project’s 20-year lifespan.

Developing meaningful water-energy-food-environment (WEFE) nexus indicators with stakeholders: An Upper White Nile case study

The Upper White Nile (UWN) basin plays a critical role in supporting essential ecosystem services and the livelihoods of millions of people in East Africa. The basin has been exposed to tremendous environmental pressures following high population growth, urbanisation, and land use change, all of which are compounded by the threats posed by climate change and insufficient financial and human resources. The water-energy-food-environment (WEFE) nexus provides a framework to assess solution options towards sustainable development by minimising the trade-offs between water, energy, and food resources. However, the majority of existing WEFE nexus indicators and tools tend to be developed without consideration of practitioners at the local level, thus constraining the practical application within real-world contexts. To try to address this gap and operationalise the WEFE nexus, we examined how local stakeholders frame the most pressing WEFE nexus challenges within the UWN basin, how these can be represented as indicators, and how existing WEFE nexus modelling tools could address this. The findings highlight the importance of declining water quality and aquatic ecosystem health as a result of deforestation and increasing agricultural intensity, with stakeholders expressing concerns for the uncertain impacts from climate change. Furthermore, a review of current WEFE nexus modelling tools reveals how they tend to be insufficient in addressing the most pressing environmental challenges within the basin, with a significant gap regarding the inclusion of water quality and aquatic ecosystem indicators. Subsequently, these findings are combined in order to guide the development of WEFE nexus indicators that have the potential to spatially model the trade-offs within the WEFE nexus in the UWN basin under climate change scenarios. This work provides an example of how incorporating local stakeholder's values and concerns can contribute to the development of meaningful indicators, that are fit-for-purpose and respond to the actual local needs.

Population growth of two limno-terrestrial Antarctic microinvertebrates in different aqueous soil media.

Terrestrial microinvertebrates provide important carbon and nutrient cycling roles in soil environments, particularly in Antarctica where larger macroinvertebrates are absent. The environmental preferences and ecology of rotifers and tardigrades in terrestrial environments, including in Antarctica, are not as well understood as their temperate aquatic counterparts. Developing laboratory cultures is critical to provide adequate numbers of individuals for controlled laboratory experimentation. In this study, we explore aspects of optimising laboratory culturing for two terrestrially sourced Antarctic microinvertebrates, a rotifer (Habrotrocha sp.) and a tardigrade (Acutuncus antarcticus). We tested a soil elutriate and a balanced salt solution (BSS) to determine their suitability as culturingmedia. Substantial population growth of rotifers and tardigrades was observed in both media, with mean rotifer population size increasing from 5 to 448 ± 95 (soil elutriate) and 274 ± 78 (BSS) individuals over 60days and mean tardigrade population size increasing from 5 to 187 ± 65 (soil elutriate) and 138 ± 37 (BSS) over 160days. We also tested for optimal dilution of soil elutriate in rotifer cultures, with 20-80% dilutions producing the largest population growth with the least variation in the 40% dilution after 36days. Culturing methods developed in this study are recommended for use with Antarctica microinvertebrates and may be suitable for similar limno-terrestrial microinvertebrates from other regions.

A socio-historical study of the emergence of celebrity culture in Iran: causes and roots

ABSTRACT This research provides a socio-historical analysis of the emergence of celebrity culture in Iran, covering the period from 1817 to 1961. The historical period is divided into four periods: During the first period (1817–1925), communication technologies were introduced to the country mainly through the Qajar kings’ intermediation. In the second period (1925–1941), Reza Shah improved the infrastructure of the country and initiated institutionalisation and legislation processes. In the third period (1941–1951), which coincided with Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi’s reign, the first Iranian celebrities emerged. The fourth period (1951–1961) witnessed a significant increase in cultural intermediaries and certain social changes, leading to the emergence of Iranian celebrity culture in the mid-1950s. While Iranian celebrity culture was influenced by global trends such as population growth, urbanisation, economic growth, inequality, commodification, and consumerism, the impact of local patterns and perceptions cannot be ignored. In contrast to Western societies, the rise of celebrity culture in Iran was facilitated by an anti-democratic coup in 1953, and the secularisation process in this country was not the result of gradual changes in societal values, beliefs, or attitudes. Rather, it was a political project imposed from the top down by a military ruler.

Contribution of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Rwanda (1992-2022)

This study examines the impact of changes in population size on economic growth in Rwanda between 1992 and 2022. The research methodology involves the use of secondary data from World Bank development indicators. The key variables analysed include population size, gross capital formation expenditure, and gross domestic product growth rate. A multivariate time series analysis was used to examine the impact of population on economic growth in this study. Diagnostic tests were conducted, and the results indicated that the model was sound. The variables were not significantly affected by heteroskedasticity and serial correlation problems. During the unit root test, it was found that all variables were stationary at the level using intercept and trend. This led to the use of the Ordinary Least Square model. The findings reveal a complex relationship between population dynamics, gross capital formation, and economic growth in Rwanda. The R-squared value was found to be close to one, indicating that population growth and gross capital formation explain economic growth to the greatest extent. The findings from the study showed that population has negative relationship with economic growth. Gross capital formation also plays a crucial role in driving economic growth by facilitating investment activities across different sectors.

Roe Deer, Lithuania’s Smallest and Most Abundant Cervid

A review of 113 scientific and other publications on the smallest and most abundant deer in Lithuania, the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), is presented, along with an analysis based on compound annual population growth rates of population numbers, hunting bags, and roadkill. This review covers the species’ history in the country from the last glaciation onwards, the changes in numbers from 1934 to 2023, hunting bag changes from 1965 to 2022, roadkill numbers from 2002 to 2022, data on roe deer reproduction, habitat selection, genetic diversity, pathogens, and damage to forest stands. It also provides an overview of species management and selection for trophies. Despite the exponential increase in roe deer numbers since 1990 and the dominance of this species in roadkill, even on urban roads, the number and density of animals and the damage they cause to forest stands are relatively low compared to other European countries. Within the observed period, drops in numbers were related to harsh winters in 1969/1970 and 1995/1996. Poaching, especially coinciding with weakened enforcement during the period of political–economic transition in the early 1990s, has also had a negative impact on population numbers, as have recent increases in the number of large predators. Population growth over the recent period does not correlate with hunting mortality, which has remained stable at an average of 16.9% since 2002.

Investigation on the Willingness and Influencing Factors of Digital Reciprocity among Digital Natives

With the development of China's internet industry and the emergence of new technologies, digital services have been widely utilized, altering production and lifestyles while enhancing societal efficiency. However, the rapid growth of the elderly population has highlighted the issue of the digital divide. To address this challenge, it is crucial to enhance the digital skills of the elderly. The "Digital Feedback" initiative relies on the assistance of young people, who provide solutions, share knowledge, and impart skills to promote the widespread adoption of digital technology among the elderly, thereby reducing the digital divide. By investigating and analyzing the willingness of digital natives to engage in digital feedback, practical references are provided to improve the digital literacy of the elderly and enhance their quality of life. This investigation, combining previous research and semi-structured interviews, employs the UTAUT model and introduces three new variables— "self-efficacy," "intergenerational relationships," and "risk perception"—to construct a model influencing the willingness to engage in digital feedback. A questionnaire was designed for digital natives in Zhejiang Province, and 470 valid responses were collected. Through statistical software analysis, pathways to enhance willingness for digital feedback are proposed, along with suggestions for optimizing solutions to the digital divide among the elderly in the future.

Impacts of renewable and disaggregated non-renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in GCC countries: A STIRPAT model analysis

This research investigates the effects of renewable (REC) and disaggregated non-renewable energy consumption (coal, oil, and natural gas) on CO2 emissions (CO2) in GCC countries, employing the STIRPAT model. The research also compares the impact of various non-renewable energy (NREC) sources to identify their contributions to CO2 emissions. Demographic factors like population and economic growth are considered main determinants of CO2. Panel data econometric methods are used, including diagnostic tests and unit root tests, to found long-run relationships among the variables. The study reveals significant positive associations between coal, natural gas, oil consumption and CO2, with oil having the highest impact. Conversely, REC shows a significant negative correlation with CO2. Economic growth and population are also linked to increased CO2. The findings emphasize the need for strategies promoting renewable energy usage, energy efficiency, public transportation, carbon pricing, and research in green technologies to alleviate CO2 and enhance sustainable development in the GCC countries.

A framework for multi-risk assessment in a historical area of Lisbon

Historic areas have faced escalating risks due to population growth, urbanization, climate change, and increasing public awareness. Existing risk assessment methods often focus on individual hazards, necessitating a more integrated approach. This research introduces a comprehensive multi-risk model to assess the potential impacts of rainfall and earthquakes on Lisbon's historic city centre. The model considers key risk components – hazard, exposure, and vulnerability – providing a detailed evaluation. Pluvial flood hazards for different return periods were analysed using a proper hydrological model, and seismic hazards were estimated based on PGA values (0.035g–0.25g) with a 10 % exceedance probability over 50 years. Concerning the exposure, the paper integrates spatial distribution data acquired through satellite remote sensing and GIS tools, along with census data. Vulnerability assessments for ordinary unreinforced masonry buildings (URM) used the Risk-UE method and flood stage-damage curves. The results obtained through a multi-exposure and multi-vulnerability framework provide insight into the expected building losses: for a 475/500-year return period, the estimated losses are approximately 1150 M€ for earthquakes and 22 M€ for floods. The higher losses for earthquakes are attributed to structural damage, whereas flood losses are predominantly associated with indirect impacts and loss of contents. This study marks a novelty in the application of risk assessment methodologies in Portugal addressing multiple hazards and highlights the protection of the built environment to mitigate economic and human losses. The paper serves as a starting point for further assessments, offering an overview of the influence of multiple risks on urban settings.

Implementation Of Green Economy In Apartment Building In Surabaya

Approach to urban green economy to apartment buildings. Surabaya is the largestmetropolitan city in East Java Province and the capital of the province. By population, it isthe second largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta. According to data from the Surabaya CityCentral Statistics Office (BPS), Surabaya's population is currently growing rapidly, and isexpected to have more than 2 million residents by 2021. With faster population growth, theactivity population also becomes more productive. Aside from growing populationactivities, the need for housing is also growing and is becoming a problem, especially inurban areas. The high cost of land and the shrinking number of vacant lots make it hard forimmigrants and local communities to buy houses or land in Surabaya. Therefore, a verticalhousing concept or apartment is needed to solve the expensive and difficult problem ofempty land in Surabaya. The concept of green city development emerged as a result of thisproblem. A network or system of urban green building uses nature to reduce or cope withurban issues and climate change.

Performance Evaluation and Cycle Time Optimization of Vapor-Compression/Adsorption Cascade Refrigeration Systems

The reliance on more sustainable refrigeration systems with less electricity consumption attracts a lot of attention as the demand for refrigeration increases due to population growth and global warming threats. This study examines the use of a cascade vapor-compression/adsorption refrigeration system in hot weather, focusing on condensing temperatures of 50, 55, and 60 °C, whereas an air-cooled condenser is in use due to practical considerations. A fully coupled transient model is developed using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the integrated system, considering the practical limitations of the vapor compression system (VCS) and the dynamic nature of the adsorption system (ADS). The model combines a lumped model for the ADS with the manufacturer’s data for a VCS compressor at different condensing and evaporating temperatures. It was found that the VCS is more sensitive to the change in the ADS’s condensing temperature, since when the temperature is raised from 50 °C to 60 °C, the VCS’s COP decreases by 29.5%, while the ADS’s COP decreases by 7.55%. Furthermore, the cycle time of ADS plays an important role in providing the cooling requirements for the bottoming cycle (VCS), and it can be optimized to maximize the energy conversion efficiency of the VCS. At optimum cycle time and compared to the conventional VCS, the cascade system can boost the cooling capacity of the VCS by 18.2%, lower the compressor power by 63.2%, and greatly enhance the COP by 221%. These results indicate that the application of the cascade VCS/ADS in such severe conditions is a more sustainable and energy-efficient solution to meet the growing need for refrigeration.

Hydrogeochemical characterization and water quality evaluation for drinking and irrigation purposes of coastal aquifers of Middle Andaman

A comprehensive study to characterize the hydrogeochemistry of the region and the impact of saltwater intrusion on groundwater was conducted along the eastern coast of Middle Andaman of Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands. The escalating population growth and intensified tourism activities have resulted in the over-extraction of groundwater. Seismic activities led to the opening of lineaments to the sea and the dissolution of limestone in the influence of seawater. 24 groundwater samples and 1 reference sample from sea were taken from various locations of middle Andaman. The analysis involved the determination of major cations, anions, and heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy (ICP), spectrophotometry, and flame photometry. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction analysis, binary diagrams, Chloro-alkaline indices (CAI), Gibbs Plot, correlation matrix, Piper plot, Chadha’s plot and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to the major ions data indicated rock-water interactions, strong correlations among alkali and alkaline earth metals, and interactions between seawater and carbonate minerals respectively. The water quality index indicated “very poor to unsuitable for drinking purposes” in 24% of the samples. Additionally, indices for irrigation suitability; total hardness (TH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) were found to be detrimental for irrigation in 80%, 08%, and 12% of the water samples, respectively. These results highlight the importance of implementing effective water resource management techniques, such as groundwater extraction rates, adopting appropriate water treatment technologies to mitigate the adverse impacts of heavy metals, saltwater intrusion and maintain water quality for human consumption and agricultural use in the region.

The Influence of Labor and Population Growth on Economic Growth in Indonesia the Year 2017 – 2022

Purpose:This research aims to complement the shortcomings of previous research, which discusses differences in views regarding the impact of Labor and Population Growth on Economic Growth. This research focuses on the population experiencing unemployment as a labor and population growth marker, which influences economic growth in Indonesia. The research aims to understand the impact of Labor and Population Growth on Economic Growth in Indonesia over six years, namely from 2017 to 2022.Methodology:The research method used is panel data regression, which involves collecting data regarding labor, population growth and economic growth from 2017 to 2022 via internet sources.Findings:The research results, using panel data regression analysis and hypothesis testing (t-test and R2 determination test), show that the labor variable (X1) is not significant and hurts economic growth (Y) in the 2017 – 2022 period, while the population growth variable (X2) has a significant and negative effect on economic growth (Y) in the same period.Implication:The labor variable (X1) is stated to have a negative and insignificant influence on economic growth (Y) in 2017 - 2022. The population growth variable (X2) is stated to have a significant and negative influence on economic growth (Y) in 2017 - 2022.

Factors affecting the demographic situation in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District

Subject. The article considers the multifactorial regression modeling and evaluation of indicators affecting the improvement of demographic situation in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. Objectives. The aim is to identify factors influencing the population growth in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. Methods. The study employs theoretical, descriptive, comparative, and statistical methods, demographic analysis, and multivariate regression modeling. Results. We found that the demographic situation in the Central, Northwestern, Southern, North Caucasian, and Ural Federal Districts is generally stabilizing. The situation is extremely negative in the Volga, Siberian, and Far Eastern federal districts. The spatial regression modeling identified 13 out of 47 factors that affect the population growth of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. The development of small business contributes to solving socio-economic problems and has a positive impact on living standards. The number of single-industry towns located in the said Federal District has a positive effect on population growth. Conclusions. There is a decrease in the population in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. The development of small and medium-sized businesses is good for demographic situation. This is confirmed by positive correlation of the number of small and medium-sized enterprises and their average number with the population of the region. The number of single-industry towns has a positive effect on population growth. Mining and processing enterprises have a negative environmental impact, however, they are not negative indicators that affect the deterioration of the demographic situation.

URBANIZATION IN INDIA: AN EVALUATION FROM ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES

Urbanization is a process taking place globally intertwined with economic development. Urbanization is a process that leads to the growth of cities due to industrialization and economic development, and that leads to urban- specific changes in specialization, labor division and human behaviors. Urbanization refers to general increase in population and the amount of industrialization of a settlement. The population is growing at the rate of about 17 million annually which means a staggering 45,000 births per day and 31 births per minutes. If the current trend continues, by the year 2050, India would have 1620 million populations. It includes increase in the number and extent of cities. It symbolizes the movement of people from rural to urban areas. Urbanization happens because of the increase in the extent and density of urban areas. The most emerging issues are climate changes, freshwater scarcity, deforestation, and fresh water pollution and population growth. Although it is impossible to restrict urbanization it has to be ensured that urbanization proceeds in the right path causing minimum impact on environment. KEYWORDS: Urbanization, Environmental, Growth, scarcity, deforestation

Techno-economic assessment of hydrogen-based energy storage systems in determining the optimal configuration of the nuclear-renewable hybrid energy system

Population growth and economic development have significantly increased global energy demand. Hence, it has raised concerns about the increase in the consumption of fossil fuels and climate change. The present work introduced a new approach to using carbon-free energy sources, such as nuclear and renewable, to meet energy demand. The idea of using the Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy System (N-R HES) is suggested as a leading solution that couples a nuclear power plant with renewable energy and hydrogen-based storage systems. For this purpose, using a meta-heuristic method based on Newton's laws, the configuration of the N-R HES is optimized from an economic and reliability point of view. The optimal system is selected from among six cases with different subsystems such as wind turbine, photovoltaic panel, nuclear reactor, electrolysis, fuel cell, and hydrogen storage tank. Furthermore, the performance of hydrogen-based energy storage systems such as high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) and low-temperature electrolysis (LTE) is evaluated from technical and economic aspects. The results of this work showed that using nuclear energy to supply the base load increases the reliability of the system and reduces the loss of power supply probability to zero. More than 70 % of the power is produced by nuclear reactors, which includes more than 80 % of the system costs. The key findings showed that despite HTE's higher efficiency, using LTE as a storage system in N-R HES is more cost-effective. Finally, due to recent developments and the safer design of nuclear reactors, they can play an important role in combination with renewable energies to support carbon-free energy sectors, especially in remote areas, for decades to come.

Correlation Analysis Between National Fertility Rate and Socioeconomic Development: A Study Based on Birth Rates in China

China's declining fertility rate poses significant challenges to social and economic development. The deceleration in population growth, potentially leading to negative growth, has diverse implications. Socially, an aging population strains the social security system, escalating demands for healthcare and pensions, while insufficient supply may compromise social welfare. The labor market is also affected, as an aging populace may cause labor shortages and increased labor costs, impacting economic development. Economically, the fertility rate decline hampers economic growth by slowing down population and economic scale expansion. Adjustments to the labor market and industrial structure may induce short-term economic fluctuations and unemployment issues, negatively impacting the social economy. Addressing falling fertility rates requires government intervention. Strengthening the social security system is crucial to meet challenges posed by an aging population. Additionally, policies encouraging fertility are essential, involving support for healthcare, education, and childcare services. Human resource development must be emphasized to enhance workforce skills, adapting to labor market changes and economic needs. In conclusion, China's declining fertility rate profoundly influences social and economic development. Government measures are imperative to ensure sustainable and healthy socio-economic growth.

Gum karaya polymer-based biodegradable silver nanocomposite hydrogel through green approach for photocatalytic dye degradation and antimicrobial activity

The rise in industrialization and population growth has elevated water pollution to a critical environmental concern. This study introduces a novel polymer-mediated silver nanocomposite hydrogel for antibacterial activity and photocatalytic dye degradation for environmental remediation. In this study, silver nanocomposite hydrogels were developed using Karaya gum (KG), acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide (NI), and 2-Bismethacryloyloxy ethyl phosphate (BMEP) as a crosslinker through a radical polymerization process. These hydrogels were utilized as templates for the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles by employing an aqueous Canthium leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Various analytical methods, including FTIR, UV–Vis, XPS, FESEM, EDX, XRD, AFM, and HRTEM, are characterized by the green synthesized KG-NIB-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel. Evaluation of the KG-NIB-Ag hydrogel involved examining its chemical composition, morphology, size, crystallinity, surface properties, bandgap, and chemical purity. TEM analysis validated an average crystallite size 33.2 nm. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of the green-synthesized KG-NIB-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel was utilized to examine the degradation of Congo red dye under visible light irradiation. The findings of this study demonstrate that the degradation efficiency of CR reached approximately 73.25 % within 90 min, with a corresponding kinetic rate constant of 0.032 min−1. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of the Ag nanocomposite hydrogel was evaluated against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The disc diffusion method was employed to assess its antibacterial activity, and the diameter of the inhibition zones was measured. This study introduces an innovative and influential strategy for environmental remediation, emphasizing the potential of KG-NIB-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel in tackling ecological challenges associated with wastewater treatment across various industries.

Time Aware Long Short-Term Memory and Kronecker Gated Intelligent Transportation for Smart Car Parking

Technology desires to improve quality of life and impart citizen’s health as well as happiness. The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) refers to smart world where prevailing objects are said to be embedded and hence interact with each other (i.e., between objects and human beings) to achieve an objective. In the period of IoT as well as smart city, there is requirement for Intelligent Transport System-based (ITS) ingenious smart parking or car parking space prediction (CPSP) for more feasible cities. With the increase in population and mushroom growth in vehicles are bringing about several distinct economic as well as environmental issues. One of pivotal ones is optimal parking space identification. To address on this problem, in this work, Time-aware Long Short-Term Memory and Kronecker product Gated Recurrent Unit (TLSTM-KGRU) for smart parking in internet of transportation things is proposed. The TLSTM-KGRU method is split into two sections. In the first section, smart parking occupancy is derived using Time-aware Long Short-Term Memory (Time-aware LSTM) for Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre car parking sensor dataset. Following which the resultant smart car occupancy results are subjected to Linear Interpolations and Kronecker product Gated Recurrent Unit for predicting smart parking. When compared against other predictive methods such as SGRU-LSTM and CPSP using DELM, our experimental outcomes denote that TLSTM-KGRU method has improved performance for smart parking occupancy forecast as it not only enhances sensitivity and specificity but also reduces prediction time with minimum delay.