Growth Of Peanut Plants Research Articles

Seed treatment with Stimulate® improves the initial development of peanut plants

Seed treatment with biostimulants may be an option to improve the emergence and initial growth of peanut plants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of using doses of Stimulate® in seed treatment on the initial growth of plants of two peanut cultivars grown in a sandy Cerrado soil. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme: two peanut cultivars [IAC Tatu ST (upright growth habit) and Runner IAC 886 (prostrate growth habit)] and four doses of Stimulate® (0; 10; 20; and 30 mL kg-1 of seeds) applied to seed treatment, with three replications. At 21 days after sowing, plant height (PH), main stem diameter (SD), number of lateral branches (NLB), and main root length (RL) were evaluated. Our results showed that peanut cultivars with different growth habits (erect and prostrate) have different responses to the application of Stimulate® doses on plant development, with the IAC Tatu ST cultivar being more responsive to the application of biostimulant. The application of 25 to 30 mL kg–1 of Stimulate® via seed treatment improved initial development of peanut plants grown in sandy soil of the Cerrado Sul-Mato-Grossense under controlled greenhouse conditions.

Effect of Soil pH Variation on Peanut Plant Growth

This research investigates the qualitative effects of soil pH variation on peanut plant growth, aiming to provide insights into the complex interactions between soil properties and plant responses in agricultural ecosystems. Through semi-structured interviews with ten informants, supplemented by insights synthesized from prior research and theoretical frameworks, the study explores perceived relationships, implications for soil health and nutrient availability, challenges, opportunities, and practical implications for peanut production. Key findings highlight the critical influence of soil pH on peanut growth and productivity, with deviations from optimal pH levels affecting nutrient availability, root health, and overall plant vigor. Participants underscore the importance of targeted soil management practices, including lime application, organic matter incorporation, and crop rotation, in optimizing soil pH and supporting resilient peanut production systems. The study identifies challenges in soil pH management, such as limited accessibility of soil testing services and inadequate farmer knowledge, while also highlighting opportunities for innovation and improvement. The insights gleaned from the study contribute to advancing knowledge in agricultural sciences and inform evidence-based soil management practices for sustainable peanut production.

Behavior of Several Peanut Genotypes Under Sunlight and Water Deficit Condition

Drought and shade stress often occur together in peanut plants. Sunlight and water are the main factors that determine the growth of peanut plants. This study aimed to determine the behavior of several peanut genotypes under conditions of sunlight and water deficit. This research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design-Split Plot Design with three replications. The treatments to be tested were double stresses (sun light and water deficit) and no stress (control) factors as the main plot and peanut genotype factors, namely Takar-1, Domba, Bison, G2T5, and G19-UI as subplots. The results showed that the peanut genotypes had different behaviors under double stresses (sunlight and water deficit). Peanut plants under double stress caused a reduction in pod dry weight, number of pods, root dry weight, and chlorophyll-a levels compared to those without stress. Peanut genotype G19-UI resulted in the lowest percentage reduction in pod dry weight and number of pods per plant, namely 58.79% and 43.75% under double stresses, respectively

Growth of Peanut Plants (Arachis Hypogaea) using Paitan Weed Compost Fertilizer (Tithonia Diversifolia) Combined with Buffalo Kohe

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of fertilizer application on the growth of peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea) using compost from paitan weed (Tithonia diversifolia) combined with buffalo kohe and to analyze the concentration of compost from paitan weed (Tithonia diversifolia) combined with buffalo kohe. offers peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea) the best interaction for growth. This research used a single factor Complete Randomized Block Design (RAKL). The concentration of compost fertilizer is the determining factor for paitan (Tithonia diversifolia) combined with buffalo kohe with three replications per experimental unit, with P_0 = 0 kg/m^2 (control), P_1 = 1 kg/m^2, P_2 = 1, 5 kg/m^2, P_3 = 2 kg/m^2, P_4 = 2, 5kg/m^2, and P_5 = 3kg/m^2.

Responses of transcriptome and metabolome in peanut leaves to dibutyl phthalate during whole growth period.

The application of agricultural film mulching technology has significantly contributed to increasing crop yield and income, but the pollution caused by residual film has seriously affected agricultural production and the natural environment. Agricultural film is commonly employed to enhance the yield of peanuts; its use may lead to excessive dibutyl phthalate (DBP) residues in peanut kernels. But, limited investigations have been conducted on the regulatory mechanism of peanut leaves in response to DBP exposure throughout the entire growth period. To bridge this knowledge gap, we investigated the differences in transcriptome and metabolome of peanut leaves under DBP stress. According to visual observations, the results of morphological response showed that the growth of peanut plants was significantly inhibited from seedling to pod stage under DBP treatment. Transcriptomic analysis results showed that the genes AH19G05510 (LRR receptor-like serine threonine-protein kinase) and AH20G31870 (disease resistance), belonging to the FAR1 family and bZIP family respectively, may be key genes involved in the resistance to DBP stress throughout its growth stages. Metabolomic analysis results showed that during the initial stage of DBP stress, the key metabolites in peanut leaves response to stress were carboxylic acids and derivatives, as well as fatty acyls. As peanut growth progressed, flavonoids gradually became more prominent in the resistance to DBP stress. By integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, we have identified that purine metabolism during seedling and flowering stages, as well as the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways during pod and maturity stages, played a crucial role in response to DBP stress. These findings not only provide valuable key gene and metabolic information for studying anti-plasticizer pollution throughout the entire growth period of peanuts, but also offer reference for enhancing crop resistance to plasticizer pollution through genetic modification and metabolic regulation.

Pengaruh Ekstra Lidah Buaya ( Aloe vera) Sebagai ZPT Alami untuk Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea)

Aloe Vera plants (Aloe vera) contain minerals including selenium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and several enzymes of sugar, fatty acids, and also growth hormones, namely auxin and gibberellin. This study was conducted to determine the extra effect of Aloe vera on the growth of peanut plants. The study was conducted by providing treatment in the form of watering peanut plants with Aloe vera solution exta at several different concentrations and controls as a reference. The treatment was carried out for 14 days and observation of the growth of green bean plants was carried out every 3 days. The data obtained were tested using One-Way ANOVA, Then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that peanut plants had significantly different growth in the 10% gel concentration treatment which resulted in the highest plant height, while the number of leaves, leaf area, and stem diameter did not have a significant effect. Keywords: aloe vera, growth, ZPT

Effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on growth and yield of Arachis hypogaea L. in varied soil types

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is widely cultivated both in monoculture and polyculture (usually with corn) on dry land in Madura. Generally, the soil types of Madura are grumusol, regosol, and mediterranean. These three types of soil each have different physical and chemical properties. The effect of the addition of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the three soil types is unknown. The study aimed to determine the response of peanut plant growth due to the addition of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, in three different soil types. The research was conducted in the experimental garden of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. The research design used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of three types of soil, namely regosol, grumosol, and mediteran as well as with and without the addition of P. fluorescens. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, number of pods, pod dry weight, seed weight, above-ground biomass, root dry weight, and plant P content. The treatment did not show a significant effect on the root-canopy ratio and P. fluorescens population parameters.

Pengaruh Pemberian Gelombang Bunyi Jenis Murottal Terhadap Pertumbuhan Batang Dan Daun Pada Pembibitan Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hypogea)

This study aims to determine the effect of murottal type sound waves on stem height, number of leaves and number of stalks on peanut plant growth. Using local peanut seeds with the addition of organic fertilizer, urea fertilizer and without the addition of other nutrients. The peanut seeds were treated with 4000 Hz murottal sound with different exposure times and without murottal sound exposure. Peanut seedlings were observed using a camera to obtain images and using measuring instruments to determine the growth of stems and leaves. The results showed that the difference in the effect of giving sound and without sounding could give a change in the average increase of 6 - 9 cm in stem height, the number of leaves experienced an average increase of 4 leaves while the change in the number of stalks experienced an increase of 1 stalk.

PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KACANG TANAH YANG DIBERI BERBAGAI JENIS DAN TAKARAN PUPUK HIJAU PADA TANAH ULTISOL

This study aims to determine the effect of giving various types, doses of green manure and to determine the treatment that gives the best response on the growth of peanut plants on ultisol soils. This research was carried out at the Experimental Field Laboratory II and the Agrotechnology Laboratory of the UHO Faculty of Agriculture from April 2021 to February 2022. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RAK), namely the type of green manure (H) as the first factor consisting of 3 treatment: gamal leaves (H1), colopogonium (H2) and kirinyuh (H3) and the dose of green manure (T) as the second factor consisting of 4 levels of treatment: control (T0), 7.5 t ha-1 (T1), 15 t ha-1 (T2) and 22.5 t ha-1 (T3). The variables observed included stem diameter, number of leaves and nodules, leaf area, total leaf area, effective nodules, root dry weight and root loss ratio. The results showed that the application of various types and doses of green manure with kirinyuh (H3T3) was able to have a positive effect on increasing the growth of peanut plants grown on ultisol.

Improvement in yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with combination treatments of bio-organic fertilizers

Peanut is a plant food with high economic value because of their nutritional content, especially protein, and high fat. The nut land needs from year to year continue to increase in line with the increase in number population, nutritional needs of the community, food diversification, and increasing feed and food industry capacity. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bio-organic fertilizers in producing local peanuts (Wadaga) from Muna Island, Indonesia. The randomized block design (RBD) was done with 12 bio-organic fertilizer treatments (T1 to T12) based on arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and cow manure fertilizer (CMF). The variables were viz. pod weight, total pod number, filled pod number, percentage of empty pods, seed number, the weight of 100 seeds, dry seed weight, and productivity were observed. The results of the study showed that the highest average pod weight (55.0 g), total pod number (50.3 pods), filled pod number (46.3 pods), and seed number (84.3 seeds) occurred with the treatment of T8: A2B1 ( AMF 10 g per plant + CMF 3 kg per plot). The highest average productivity was obtained with T3: A0B2 (without AMF + CMF 6 kg per plot) as 3.97 tons ha-1. The use of mycorrhizal fungi combined with organic fertilizers can improve the growth of peanut plants which has a positive impact on their production.

Root-associated bacteria Bacillus albus and Bacillus proteolyticus promote the growth of peanut seedlings and protect them from the aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus CDP2

Three isolates of bacteria NNK24, NDP61, and 0405-02, obtained from the surface and the inside of healthy peanut roots, were considered putative epiphytic and endophytic bacteria of peanut plants. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and BLAST search revealed that NNK24, NDP61 belong to Bacillus albus species and 0405-02 belong to Bacillus proteolyticus species. The culture broths of all 3 isolates obtained in the stationary phase showed good antifungal activity, approximately 70%–80% in the in-vitro antagonistic test. Meanwhile, in the in-vivo assay, after 72-hr-incubation of peanut seeds with Aspergillus flavus CDP2 conidia, isolates NNK24 and NDP61 reduced the mold growth from 6.9 log (cfu/g) to 4.5 and 3.9 log (cfu/g), respectively; whereas strain 0405-02 had only a slighter effect on the mold growth. Soaking peanut seeds in bacterial culture broth at 107 cfu/ml for 30 min promoted well seedling growth with the Vigour index (VI) increasing by about 3.6–5.3 times; reduced the Disease severity index (DSI) from 0.59 to 0.18–0.28. At 30 days after planting (DAP) seedlings into the soil, the plant weight and plant length grew approximately by 1.5–1.9 times and 1.4–1.6 times, respectively. Therefore, Bacillus albus NNK24, NDP61 and Bacillus proteolyticus 0405-02 are good candidates for microbial inoculants to promote peanut plant growth and protect them from aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus growth in order to develop sustainable agriculture.

Influence of Cyanobacterial Inoculum on the Growth Features and Yield of Peanut Plants in Sandy Soil

Two field experiments were conducted at the Ismailia Agricultural Research Center Station during the summers of 2021 and 2022 to study the effects of cyanobacterial inoculation (Anabaena oryzae and Nostoc mascarum) on peanut plant growth, yield, and certain soil biological activities under different nitrogen fertilisation ratios and conditions. There are three applications: soil drenching, cyanobacterial seed coating, and foliar spray with cyanobacterial strains.The findings demonstrated that cyanobacteria inoculation of peanut plants generally improved peanut plant growth, resulting in significantly higher peanut and grain yields than uninoculated treatments. When compared to other tested treatments and types of applications, N. mascarum + 75% (N) produced the highest peanut yield and plant characteristics, followed by A. oryzae + 75% (N) in soil drench application. Overall, cyanobacteria increased the amount of N, P, K, and Ca in peanut plants. Cyanobacteria inoculation improved soil fertility by increasing total bacterial and cyanobacterial count (CO2) evolution, and indole acetic acid contents in the peanut rhizosphere. In general, peanut growth in sandy soil conditions can benefit from cyanobacteria inoculation with 75% nitrogen amounts.

Screening, and Optimization of Fermentation Medium to Produce Secondary Metabolites from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, for the Biocontrol of Early Leaf Spot Disease, and Growth Promoting Effects on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

A novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BAM strain, with novel fermentation nutrient mediums and compositions, could produce potent antifungal secondary metabolites, as the existing strains face resistance from fungus pathogens. In the current study, we introduced two novel nutrient mediums for the fermentation process, semolina and peanut root extract, as carbon and nitrogen sources in order to maximize the antifungal effects of B. amyloliquefaciens against Cercaspora arachidichola to control early leaf spot disease in peanuts. Based on a single-factor test and the central composite design of response surface methodology, the optimum fermentation medium for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens antagonistic substance was determined, containing 15 gm/L of semolina flour, 12.5 gm/L of beef extract, and 0.5 gm/L of magnesium sulfate, which inhibited the fungal growth by 91%. In vitro, antagonistic activity showed that the fermentation broth of B. amyloliquefaciens BAM with the optimized medium formulation had an inhibition rate of (92.62 ± 2.07)% on the growth of C. arachidichola. Disease control effects in pot experiments show that the pre-infection spray of B. amyloliquefaciens BAM broth had significant efficiency of (92.00 ± 3.79)% in comparison to post-infection spray. B. amyloliquefaciens BAM broth significantly promoted peanut plant growth and physiological parameters and reduced the biotic stress of C. archidechola. Studies revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens BAM with a novel fermentation formulation could be an ideal biocontrol and biofertilizer agent and help in early disease management of early leaf spots in peanuts.

Impact of Cyanobacterial Inoculant on Growth and Productivity of Peanut Plants in Sandy Soil

During the summer growing seasons of 2021 and 2022, two field experiments were conducted at Ismailia Agricultural Research Center Station(Latitude 30ᵒ 35′ 41.901″ N and Longitude 32ᵒ 16′ 45. 843″E) to study the effect of cyanobacterial inoculation (Anabaena oryzae (A. oryzae) and Nostoc mascarum (N. mascarum)) on peanut yield, quality and certain soil biological activities under various nitrogen fertilization conditions and three types of applications, thefirst treatment was carried out as coating seeds with powder of individual of each cyanobacterial strain and the before planted, second treatment seeds were drenched withsuspension of eachcyanobacterial strain individually andthe last treatment was by foliar doses after 15, 45 and 60 days from seeds planting. Results showed that applying cyanobacteria inoculation to peanut plants generally enhanced peanut plant growth, leading to significantly higher yields of peanut and grains than uninoculated treatments. Treatment of N. mascarum + 75% N recorded the highest peanut yield and plant characteristics followed by N. mascarum+ 75% N in soil drench application compared to other tested treatments and types of applications. Cyanobacteria enhanced the amount of N, P, Kand Ca in peanut plants overall. By increasing the total chlorophyl, carotenoids, dehydrogenase, urease activities and nutrients in the peanut rhizosphere, cyanobacteria inoculation had a favorable impact on soil fertility. In general, cyanobacteria inoculation with 75% nitrogen amounts can benefit under peanut growth in sandy soil conditions.

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS BOKASHI LIMBAH AMPAS TAHU DAN PUPUK FOSFAT

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an agricultural commodity that acts as a protein and vegetable oil source, but in Southeast Sulawesi, its productivity is still relatively low. This study aims to determine the effect of giving bokashi tofu waste and phosphate fertilizer on the growth of peanut plants. The research was conducted at the Experimental Field Laboratory II, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, from June to September 2021. The study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of bokashi tofu waste with four treatment levels, namely 0, 5, 10, and 15 tons per hectare, and phosphate fertilizers with three treatment levels, namely 0, 100, and 200 kg per hectare. The total combination of treatments was 12, with three replications. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance and UJBD. The analysis results showed that the interaction of bokashi with tofu waste and phosphate fertilizer had a significant effect on plant heights 28 and 35 DAP, stem diameter 21 DAP, leaf area 14, 21, and 28 DAP, and root loss ratio. Bokashi tofu waste independently significantly affected plant height, stem diameter 28 DAP, leaf area, and root loss ratio. Phosphate fertilizer independently significantly affected plant height at 28 and 35 DAP, leaf area at 14 and 21 DAP, and root loss ratio. The combination of 15 tons of tofu waste bokashi per hectare and 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer per hectare was the best treatment for increasing the growth of peanut plants.

Pengaruh Berbagai Takaran Pupuk Organik Cair Limbah Tahu dan Urea terhadap Nodulasi, Serapan N, dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving various doses of liquid organic fertilizer of tofu (POC) and urea on nodulation, N uptake and growth of Peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the maximum vegetative phase of the plant. The research method used an experimental method with seven treatments. Each treatment had 3 replications so it consisted of 21 experimental units. The research was conducted April-August 2020 in Dasan Tebu Village, Ombe Baru Village, Kediri District, West Lombok Regency. The treatments used were P0 (without treatment), P1 (50 kg Urea / ha + 10,000 l POC / ha), P2 (50 kg Urea / ha + 15,000 l POC / ha), P3 (50 kg Urea / ha + 20,000 l POC / ha), P4 (100 kg Urea / ha + 10,000 l POC / ha), P5 (100 kg Urea / ha + 15,000 l POC / ha), P6 (100 kg Urea / ha + 20,000 l POC / ha). The parameters tested in this research is the growth of peanut, the total amount root nodules, the wet stover weight of root nodules, the N content of tissue, the plant's wet stover, the plant's dry stover, the N uptake of plants, soil pH and N-available soil. The treatment did not affect the number of nodules, N uptake, plant height, plant wet stover weight and available N-NO3-. However, it has an effect on root nodule wet stover weight, nitrogen on tissue plant, plant dry stover, soil pH, and available N-NH4+.

PENGARUH APLIKASI BOKASHI BERBASIS VEGETASI SEKUNDER DAN KOTORAN SAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) PADA LAHAN SUBOPTIMAL

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a type of secondary crop that has been cultivated for generations in the coastal areas of Muna Island. This study aims to determine the effect of bokashi application based on secondary vegetation and cow dung on peanut growth on sub optimal land. The research has been carried out in Katobu Village, Wadaga District, West Muna Regency. This study used a single factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 levels, namely: no fertilizer (B0), 3 kg per plot (B1), 6 kg per plot (B2), 9 kg per plot (B3), 12 kg per plot (B4), each treatment was repeated three times, so there were 15 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total leaf area and root loss ratio. The results showed that the best treatment was bokashi fertilizer treatment of secondary vegetation and 6 kg cow dung per plot (B2) for the variables of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and total leaf area; Root loss ratio was obtained at 3 kg treatment per plot (B1). The application of bokashi fertilizer based on secondary vegetation and cow dung had an effect on the growth of peanut plants.

Plant Based Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles and its Efficacy on Seed Viability and Seedling Growth in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.)

Nano-fertilizers can easily adsorb into the plant and can increase the reactive points in the plant and hence are treated as an efficient alternative to the conventional fertilizers. Based on this, the present study was intended to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using aqueous root extract of Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. as green reducing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were studied for its effectiveness on enhancement of seed germination and plant growth promotion on peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.). The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by observing colour change in the reaction mixture, which shows characteristic absorption maxima at 340 nm. The SEM and TEM analysis confirmed that the nanoparticles were in monodispersed with spherical to irregular shape with an average particle size of 35 nm. The EDX analysis confirmed that the nanoparticles contain 82.5% copper metal. The synthesized nanoparticles were applied for its seed germination enhancement activity on peanut seeds and results confirms that the nanoparticles were significantly enhances the germination of peanut seeds with decrease in mean germination time. The peanut plant growth also enhances when compared with metal solution treatment and untreated plants. The root length of CuNPs treated plants was observed to be 9.27 ± 0.15 cm, which is significantly more than the untreated (6.40 ± 0.10 cm) as well as treated copper metal (7.13 ± 0.25 cm) plants. The shoot length of 19.13 ± 0.20 cm was observed for nano-treated plants and is greatly enhanced than the untreated (10.30 ± 0.20 cm) and treated copper metal (11.27 ± 0.25 cm) plants. The protease activity on day 5 of the germination study was found to be 0.904 ± 0.004, 0.133 ± 0.002 and 0.095 ± 0.002 units/mL, respectively for the peanut seeds treated with CuNPs, copper metal solution and untreated conditions. The catalase activity at 5th day of seed germination studies the activity was observed to be 45.177 ± 0.192, 23.691 ± 0.074 and 18.331 ± 0.209 units/min/g, respectively for CuNPs treated, copper sulphate treated and untreated pea nut seeds. The water update of the nano treated seeds was observed to be very high along with high quantity of photosynthetic pigments when compared with the other treatments in the study. Based on the results achieved, it can be confirmed that the nano-treatment enhances the seed germination and plant growth promotion on peanut seeds.

Field Application of Trichoderma spp. for Controlling the Root- Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne javanica in Peanut Plants

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of three Trichoderma species, T. harzianum, T. viride and T. virens on root- knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica infecting peanut plants, compared to commercial product Bio-Nematon® (Purpureocillium lilacinum) and chemical nematicide of Oxamyl®. The averages of total microbial soil community, i.e. aerobic bacteria, spore-forming bacteria and fungi in peanut rhizosphere as well as the frequency % of common fungi with different treatments, during growing season, were recorded. Treatments significantly (P=0.05) suppressed J2 in soil and J2, females, galls and egg masses in roots and improved peanut plant growth and yield parameters. At mid-season, Trichoderma spp. had more effective nematicidal effects in reducing nematode parameters than Bio-Nematon® in some cases. The highest percentages reduction in J2 in soil (being 81%) was recorded with T. viride followed T. harzianum (77%) and T. virens (73%), compared to untreated control. At harvest time, T. viride recorded the highest nematode reduction in J2 in soil (68%), but T. harzianum recorded the highest reduction in total developmental stages of nematode (68%), galls (84%) and egg masses (84%), compared to T. viride, T. virens and Bio-Nematon®. The treated soil rhizosphere differed in total microbial counts as well as frequency of common fungi according to the tested treatment that increased total microbial counts. The treatments highly increased the growth and yield criteria of peanut as indicated by fresh & dry weights of plants as well as number & weight of pods and weight of 100 seeds of peanut plants.

The Effect of Top G2 Liquid Organic Fertilizer and SP-36 Fertilizer on Peanut Plant Growth and Yield

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of the administration of Top G2 liquid organic fertilizer and SP-36 fertilizer on peanut crop yields, to know the dose of SP-36 fertilizer and Top G2 liquid organic fertilizer that can produce the best peanut crop results and to know the interaction of liquid organic fertilizer Top G2 and SP-36 fertilizer in improving the yield of peanut crops. The design used in this study is a Randomized Group Design (RGD) factorial pattern. This treatment consists of two factors: First Factor: Concentration of POC Top G2 consisting of OC0: No POC Top G2, OC1: POC Top G2 4 cc ltr air-1petak-1 OC2: POC Top G2 8 cc ltr water-1Swath-1; The second factor: Fertilizer Dose P (SP36) consists of P0: Without SP36 fertilizer; P1: 300 kg ha-1; Q2: 400 kg ha-1. The results showed that the administration of g2 top liquid organic fertilizer with a concentration of 8 cc ltr water-1 produced the highest plant height of 20.75 cm tan-1, the number of leaves 27.36 strands of tan-1, the number of pods 39.89 tan-1 and the harvest index 0.326. The interaction of g2 top liquid organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer increases the weight of dried seeds harvesting crops, i.e. in the treatment of liquid fertilizer concentration top G2 8 cc ltr water-1 plot-1 with a seed weight of 235 g tan-1. Cultivation of peanut crops should use liquid organic fertilizer top G2 concentration eight cc tr water-1 tile-1 and need further research using higher concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer top G2 to see the optimum needs of peanut crops.