Growth Of Pea Research Articles

Formulating efficient P-rich biobased starter fertilizers: Effects of acidification and pelletizing on fertilizer properties

Animal-derived biowastes can be alternatives to mineral phosphorus fertilizers. However, they typically have lower efficiency and higher transport costs because of their low bulk density. Pelleting can reduce their volume and facilitate their use as placement fertilizers but may also decrease phosphorus availability. This study examined how acidification and pelletizing affect phosphorus availability in biowastes. Digestate solid fraction and meat and bone meal were treated in four ways: (1) untreated (U), (2) acidified (A), (3) untreated pelletized (UP), and (4) acidified pelletized (AP). These treatments were tested in soil incubation and pea growth experiments, with fertilizers placed 5 cm beneath the seeds to evaluate their effectiveness as placement fertilizers. Acidification significantly enhanced the phosphorus solubility of DSF and MBM by approximately 5 and 7 times respectively, while pelletizing acidified materials reduced it. In the incubation experiment, acidified materials in the powdery form showed the highest soil water-extractable phosphorus, with no significant differences among U, UP, and AP ways. In the rhizobox experiment, pelletizing untreated digestate significantly reduced plant dry matter compared to the untreated fibrous form (from 2.0 g to 1.35 g). Acidified and acidified pelletized digestate treatments resulted in the highest shoot dry matter (2.8 g and 2.95 g, respectively), surpassing even triple the amount of superphosphate (2.53 g). For meat and bone meal, the acidified powder led to the highest plant growth (2.0 g), while untreated powder resulted in the lowest amount of plant growth (0.4 g), which was lower than that of the negative control (0.6 g). No significant differences were noted between untreated and acidified pellets. These findings indicate that acidification enhances phosphorus availability in biowastes, while pelletizing reduces it. The acidified pelletized digestate solid fraction has lower volume and higher P use efficiency than its untreated material, showing higher plant growth when compared to mineral P fertilizer.

Effect of integrated plant nutrient supply (IPNS) system on growth, yield attributes and quality parameters of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.) in vertisol

Effect of integrated plant nutrient supply (IPNS) system on growth, yield attributes and quality parameters of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.) in vertisol

Effect of different sowing dates and nipping on growth and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L Millsp.)

Effect of different sowing dates and nipping on growth and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L Millsp.)

Tropospheric ozone pollution: Implication for food security and crop nutrition in South Asia

The study was conducted on ambient ozone (O3), the most phyto-toxic air pollutant, and its effects on the growth and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and peas (Pisum sativaum) grown in Northern Pakistan during the summer and winter of 2018. Okra was subjected to ambient O3 levels ranging from 43 to 63 ppb during the summer, with a mean O3 concentration of 55 ppb, while peas experienced lower winter concentrations of 15–25 ppb, with a mean O3 concentration of 19 ppb. The results indicated significant impacts on the growth and nutritional quality of crops, especially okra. Anti-ozonant ethylene diurea (EDU) was used for soil drenching to protect okra and green peas from O3 damage. Okra showed notable enhancements of 20%, 20%, 29%, and 13% in ash, protein, fiber, and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFE), respectively. Increase in plant height, leaf numbers, pod length, and dry weight was observed in EDU-treated okra plants. Conversely, peas exhibited less variation, although melioration was observed in plant height, pod numbers, length, and weight with EDU treatment. It was concluded that the concentration of ambient O3 in Peshawar is toxic enough to cause significant damage to crop growth and production. The stark difference in O3 impact during different seasons suggests that higher summer concentrations could severely compromise crop quality. This elicits significant concerns regarding food security in South Asia, especially for summer crops that can jeopardize future food security. It is recommended that further research be conducted on the effects of O3 on other regional crops to assess fully its implications for agricultural sustainability in the area.

Effect of bio-fertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Effect of bio-fertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Effect of nutrient and weed management on growth and productivity of field pea [Pisum sativum L. var. arvense

Effect of nutrient and weed management on growth and productivity of field pea [Pisum sativum L. var. arvense

Effect of date of sowing and weed management practices on the growth, yield attributes and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in vertisols of Chhattisgarh

Effect of date of sowing and weed management practices on the growth, yield attributes and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in vertisols of Chhattisgarh

Influence of nano urea on growth, yield and quality of pigeon pea

Influence of nano urea on growth, yield and quality of pigeon pea

Effect of Different Levels of Macronutrients and Rhizobium on Soil Health and Yield Attributes of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

The field experiment was carried out at the central research farm in the Department of Soil Science and Chemistry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Rabi season 2023-24. The soil texture in the experimental region was sandy loam. The design was set up using randomized block design, with two levels of sulphur (50 and 100%), Rhizobium, and NPK (20:60:40) at different levels. The treatment T9 (@100% NPKS +@100% Rhizobium+ 100% Sulphur) gave the best results in terms of plant height, number of pods plant-1, and total Field Pea yield. It also showed a slight decrease in pH, bulk density, and particle density; however, there was a significant increase in pore space, water holding capacity, EC, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as plant growth and yield attributes. There was no discernible difference in the growth and production of Field Pea under control. The use of Biofertilizer, as well as their blend with complete NPK and S, significantly increased the characteristics of growth and total yield attributes of Field Pea.

Influence of nutrient sources on growth and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L. arvense)

A experiment was carried out on Influence of nutrient sources on growth and yield of field pea (PisumSativum L. arvense at Agriculture farm, Department of Agronomy, Mewar University, during Rabi–2022-23, The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising with nine treatments viz., T1-25% RDF + 25% VC + 50% FYM +Rhizobium, T2-25% RDF + 50% VC +25% FYM + Rhizobium, T3- 25% RDF + 75% VC + 0% FYM +Rhizobium, T4- 50% RDF + 0% VC+ 50% FYM + Rhizobium, T5- 50% RDF + 50% VC + 0% FYM+ Rhizobium, T6-50% RDF + 25% VC + 25% FYM+ Rhizobium, T7- 75% RDF + 25% VC + 0% FYM + Rhizobium, T8-75% RDF +0% VC+ 25% FYM + Rhizobium, T9-Control, with three replications. Theminimum days (9.08 days ) was germination of seeds in T8 (75% RDF +25% VC+ 25% FYM + Rhizobium), At 90 days after sowing, the highest plant height (92.83) was measured in T3 (25% RDF + 75% VC + 0% FYM +Rhizobium) treatment, the lowest number of days to first flowering (44.42) was observed in T6- (50% RDF + 25% VC+ 25% FYM + Rhizobium), highest average number of pods per plant (24.75) was designated in T6 (50% RDF + 25% VC + 25% FYM+ Rhizobium), days to pod set of pea.,while the least number of days to pod set (63.67) was identified in T6 (50% RDF + 25% VC+ 25% FYM + Rhizobium). Date collected from T4 (50% RDF + 0% VC+ 50% FYM + Rhizobium) was found to have the longest pods, measuring (7.43 cm) in length, the highest number of seeds per pod (7.33) was found in T8 (75% RDF +0% VC+ 25% FYM + Rhizobium) and a significant variation was observed on seed yield. The maximum yield/plot (5.73) was recorded in T6 (50% RDF + 25% VC + 25% FYM+ Rhizobium).

Economics of Various Treatments of Vermicompost on Growth and Yield Attributes of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Based Intercropping System

Intercropping is an ecologically friendly technique that can increase the sustainability of farming systems, whilst considered as low input systems. An experiment was conducted at the vegetable farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan City, Jhalawar during the rabi season from November, 2022 to April 2023. The experiment comprised fifteen treatment combinations having three levels each of vermicompost (0, 2.5, and 5 ton/ha) and five levels of different intercropping system (Sole Pea, Sole Garlic, Pea + Garlic 1:1, 2:1, 2:2) in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The result of the present investigation showed that the effect of vermicompost and intercropping system on individually and combined had significant effect on the economic related attributes. The interaction effect of the Vermicompost and Intercropping system significantly increased the economic attributes such as maximum gross return (361172 ₹ ha-1), net profit (272244 ₹ ha-1) and B:C ratio (4.06) was recorded under treatment V2I5 (Vermicompost @5ton/ha+ Pea+ Garlic 2:2) as compared to other treatment, respectively. The interaction effect of vermicompost and Intercropping system also significantly increased pea equivalent yield (166.040 q/ha), land equivalent ratio (1.25) under treatment V2I5 (Vermicompost@5ton/ha+ Pea+ Garlic 2:2), respectively.

English

The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural tracts is a serious problem, contributing to soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) depletion. In this regard, the use of chemical fertilizers together with organic amendments is considered as a sustainable approach, which alters SMBC, thereby increasing nutrient availability in soil-plant ecosystems. The present study was thus conducted to examine the effects of various mixes of organic amendments both with and without chemical fertilizers (NPK) on SMBC and pea (Pisum sativum L.) growth. The following eight treatments were established: control, 100% farmyard manure (FYM), 100% compost, 50% compost + 50% FYM, 33% compost + 33% chemical fertilizers (NPK) + 33% FYM, 50% chemical fertilizers + 50% FYM, 50% compost + 50% NPK, and 100% NPK, each with three replications. Results showed that the combination of 33% compost + 33% NPK + 33% FYM (T5) had the most significant impact on plant height, number of leaves, and roots and shoots biomass. Furthermore, the combination of NPK, compost and FYM enhanced the soil organic matter and SMBC, contributing to the increased amounts of available NPK in the soil-plant systems. Based on the results, it has been concluded that 33% compost + 33% NPK, and 33% FYM improves pea productivity due to improved SMBC that contributed to increased nutrient uptake by plants. It has been suggested to the farmers that integrated nutrient management approaches must be adopted for maintaining SMBC and further sustainable crop production.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the SPL transcription factor family and its response to abiotic stress in Pisum sativum L

Squamous promoter binding protein-like (SPL) genes encode plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that play essential roles in modulating plant growth, development, and stress response. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a coarse grain crop of great importance in food production, biodiversity conservation and molecular genetic research, providing genetic information and nutritional resources for improving agricultural production and promoting human health. However, only limited researches on the structure and functions of SPL genes exist in pea (PsSPLs). In this study, we identified 22 PsSPLs and conducted a genome-wide analysis of their physical characteristics, chromosome distribution, gene structure, phylogenetic evolution and gene expression patterns. As a result, the PsSPLs were unevenly distributed on the seven chromosomes of pea and harbored the SBP domain, which is composed of approximately 76 amino acid residues. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PsSPLs clustered into eight subfamilies and showed high homology with SPL genes in soybean. Further analysis showed the presence of segmental duplications in the PsSPLs. The expression patterns of 22 PsSPLs at different tissues, developmental stages and under various stimulus conditions were evaluated by qRT-PCR method. It was found that the expression patterns of PsSPLs from the same subfamily were similar in different tissues, the transcripts of most PsSPLs reached the maximum peak value at 14 days after anthesis in the pod. Abiotic stresses can cause significantly up-regulated PsSPL19 expression with spatiotemporal specificity, in addition, four plant hormones can cause the up-regulated expression of most PsSPLs including PsSPL19 in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, PsSPL19 could be a key candidate gene for signal transduction during pea growth and development, pod formation, abiotic stress and plant hormone response. Our findings should provide insights for the elucidating of development regulation mechanism and breeding for resistance to abiotic stress pea.

Investigating the growth promotion potential of biochar on pea (Pisum sativum) plants under saline conditions

Pea, member of the plant family Leguminosae, play a pivotal role in global food security as essential legumes. However, their production faces challenges stemming from the detrimental impacts of abiotic stressors, leading to a concerning decline in output. Salinity stress is one of the major factors that limiting the growth and productivity of pea. However, biochar amendment in soil has a potential role in alleviating the oxidative damage caused by salinity stress. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential role of biochar amendment in soil that may mitigate the adverse effect of salinity stress on pea. The treatments of this study were, (a) Pea varieties; (i) V1 = Meteor and V2 = Green Grass, Salinity Stress, (b) Control (0 mM) and (ii) Salinity (80 mM) (c) Biochar applications; (i) Control, (ii) 8 g/kg soil (56 g) and (iii) 16 g/kg soil (112 g). Salinity stress demonstrated a considerable reduction in morphological parameters as Shoot and root length decreased by (29% and 47%), fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root by (85, 63%) and (49, 68%), as well as area of leaf reduced by (71%) among both varieties. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid contents decreased under 80 mM salinity up to (41, 63, 55 and 76%) in both varieties as compared to control. Exposure of pea plants to salinity stress increased the oxidative damage by enhancing hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content by (79 and 89%), while amendment of biochar reduced their activities as, (56% and 59%) in both varieties. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) were increased by biochar applications under salinity stress as, (49, 59, and 86%) as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants as, anthocyanin and flavonoids improved by (112 and 67%). Organic osmolytes such as total soluble proteins, sugars, and glycine betaine were increased up to (57, 83, and 140%) by biochar amendment. Among uptake of mineral ions, shoot and root Na+ uptake was greater (144 and 73%) in saline-stressed plants as compared to control, while shoot and root Ca2+ and K+ were greater up to (175, 119%) and (77, 146%) in biochar-treated plants. Overall findings revealed that 16 g/kg soil (112 g) biochar was found to be effective in reducing salinity toxicity by causing reduction in reactive oxygen species and root and shoot Na+ ions uptake and improving growth, physiological and anti-oxidative activities in pea plants (Fig. 1).Figure 1A schematic diagram represents two different mechanisms of pea under salinity stress (control and 80 mM NaCl) with Biochar (8 and 16 g/kg soil).

Pea growth, yield, and quality affected by nitrogen fertilization to previous crop in small grain–pea rotations

AbstractStarter N fertilization at low rates may enhance pea (Pisum sativum L.) performance, but little information exists about the effect of N fertilization rate to previous crop (NRPC) on pea growth, yield, and quality in small grain–pea rotations. We examined the effect of N fertilization rates to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on succeeding pea growth, yield, and quality in barley–pea and spring wheat–pea rotations from 2006 to 2019 in the semiarid environment of US northern Great Plains. We measured pea plant density, straw and grain yields, harvest index, straw N concentration, grain protein concentration, grain test weight, straw and grain N uptake, and N harvest index. In the barley–pea rotation, pea grain yield increased with increased NRPC. Grain test weight was greater without than with NRPC in 2008 and 2009. In the spring wheat–pea rotation, straw yield was greater for 50 than 0 kg N ha−1 of NRPC in 2014, 2018, and 2019. Grain yield and N uptake were greater with than without NRPC in 2014, 2015, and 2019, but grain test weight varied with NRPC and year. Plant density, harvest index, straw N concentration, grain protein concentration, straw N uptake, and N harvest index varied with year in both barley–pea and spring wheat–pea rotations. Nitrogen fertilization to barley or spring wheat can enhance succeeding pea grain yield and N uptake during years with normal growing season precipitation in barley–pea and spring–wheat pea rotations in the semiarid region of the US northern Great Plains.

Effects of zinc nanoparticles and proline on growth, physiological and yield characteristics of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) irrigated with diluted seawater

Effects of zinc nanoparticles and proline on growth, physiological and yield characteristics of pea ( <i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) irrigated with diluted seawater

Microgreen vegetables’ production can be optimized by combining the substrate and nutrient solution in a PFAL

Microgreen vegetables are nowadays a popular crop mainly produced hydroponically in controlled environments. In soilless culture, plants are produced using inert substrates with various properties. Besides, all the macronutrients and trace elements necessary for plant growth and development are provided in the form of a nutrient solution. It is possible to achieve similar yield and product quality of microgreens by using different substrates and reducing the input of nutrients. Our aim was to test the effect of three substrates (peat, coco coir, and cannabis mat) and three nutrient solution strengths (0, 50, and 100 %; NS0, NS50, and NS100) on the growth and quality of mustard, radish, and pea grown as microgreens in a plant factory with artificial lighting. As a general rule, cannabis mat and/or NS0 led to considerably decelerated growth of all microgreens. The antioxidant content including the amount of phenolics showed opposite trends compared to the yield of each microgreen. The hydroponic substrate showed species or variety dependency, especially in the phytochemical compounds. To conclude, treatments including NS100, as well as NS50 with peat showed promising results for high yield, relatively high nutritional value, while also saving the most from the use of fertilizers during microgreen vegetable production.

Effect of different biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of pigeon pea

Effect of different biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of pigeon pea

Effect of organic and inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers on growth and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Effect of organic and inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers on growth and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.)

The effect of cold plasma seed treatments on nodulation and plant growth in pea (Pisum sativum) and lentil (Lens culinaris)

AbstractCold plasma enhances various biological processes in plants. This study assessed the impact of cold plasma seed treatments on nodulation, root, and shoot growth in pea and lentil under controlled environmental conditions. Seeds were treated with cold plasma generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and a pin electrode reactor (PER), with three different exposure durations (3, 6, and 12 min). At 4 weeks, notable enhancements were observed in nodule number and dry weight, root dry weight, length, volume, surface area, and shoot dry weight. The 3‐ and 6‐min exposure using the DBD and the 3‐min exposure using the PER system demonstrated the most significant increases or upward trends in these traits, highlighting the intricate nature of seed–plasma interactions.