Growth Of Mungbean Research Articles

Cellulose Hydrogel and Its Impact on Mung Bean Growth

Cellulose hydrogels were prepared from commercial cellulose using NaOH/urea and LiCl/DMAc methods. For NaOH/urea method, alkali hydrates (OH-(H2O)x), urea hydrates (urea(H2O)y), and water were adsorbed into cellulose fiber to break hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules yielding HG_Urea. For LiCl/DMAc method, the Lithium-DMAc complexes, [Li(DMAc)n]+Cl-, were seeped into cellulose fibers and the hydrogen bonds between the fibers were substituted by O-H…Cl-[Li(DMAc)n]+ bonds to produce transparent cellulose gel, HGL. Both freeze-dried hydrogels show the characteristics of cellulose vibrational modes and nano-sized fibrous SEM images. For water retention study, there was no significant difference when different amounts of HG_Urea were being used. Covering mung bean seeds directly helps improve the growth of roots, leaves and stems by 410, 28 and 27%, respectively. HGL and HGL in water were also tested on the germination of the mung bean seeds. As compared with HGL, the average lengths of roots, stems and leaves of mung bean on HGL-water were increased by 82, 32 and 14%, respectively

Inhibitory Effect of Cadmium on the Growth of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) and the Removal by Chelating Agent

This research studied the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). The mung bean was cultured in a Hoagland solution containing different concentrations of Cd (0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/L) for 5 days. The result showed a significant decrease in the lengths of the roots and shoots of mung bean that was grown in cadmium solution. This effect was proportional to the concentrations of Cd. To assess cell death in the root of mung bean, Evan’ s blue staining technique was used in this study. The results showed that the concentrations of Evan's blue dye taken up by Cd-exposed mung beans at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/L were 1.5612 ± 0.5417, 6.8641 ± 1.7447, and 8.0850 ± 2.6336 mg/L, respectively. A concentration-dependent increase of dead cellswas found in the Cd-treated group, mostly at the root cap zone. With respect to this result, the level of dead cells that was stained with Evan’s blue dye could be used as a biomarker to indicate cadmium contamination in water. Furthermore, the effects of chelating agents (EDTA) on cadmium removal were also studied. The results showed the possibility of using EDTA as a cadmium treatment agent and promoted plant growth in cadmium contamination areas.

Impact of Organic Nutrient Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Mungbean

A multilocation field experiment was conducted during kharif season (July–September) of 2019 in mungbean under organic nutrient management at Agriculture Research Sub-Station, Sumerpur, Pali and Adaptive Trial Centre, Sumerpur, Pali, Rajasthan, India. The nine organic nutrient management practices viz. T1- Farmyard manure (FYM) as per soil health card @ 10 t ha-1, T2- Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, T3- T1+Vermiwash @ 10% at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), T4- T2+Vermiwash @ 10% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T5- T1+Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T6- T2+Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T7- T1+Panchgavya @ 6% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, T8- T2+Panchgavya @ 6% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS and T9- Control in three replications in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The higher values of growth attributes like number of leaves, number of branches, height and leaf area per plant were recorded by treatment vermicompost as per soil health card+Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) which was found significantly superior over the other treatments at both the places. It was found that Panchgavya @ 4% at 15, 30 and 45 DAS along with vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 obtained higher SPAD value (39.51), seed yield (908 kg ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (B:C ratio) under organic farming during kharif season at both the places.

Effect of zinc nanoparticles on the growth and biofortification capability of mungbean (Vigna radiata) seedlings.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11756-022-01269-3.

Toxicity Test of Copper (Cu) and Chromium (Cr) on the Growth of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Sprouts

Industries that are growing rapidly contribute a big role in environmental pollution, one of which is the production of heavy metal waste. One example of heavy metals that are toxic when present in large quantities is Copper (Cu) and Chromium (Cr). The purpose of this experiment is to test the toxicity of the two types of heavy metals Cu and Cr against the seed growth of the Vigna radiata L. plant, find out the type of metal that gives the highest percentage of inhibition to the growth of V. radiata L., and find out the relationship between the two types of heavy metals. The method to determine the level of toxicity and the relationship between the two metals can be known by toxicity tests which include preliminary tests, actual tests and mixed tests on the seeds of V. radiata L. while data analysis is carried out by linear regression and the data is presented in the form of tables and graphs. Preliminary test to determine the ideal range of toxicity concentrations to be continued with the actual test with the addition of Cu and Cr metal toxins to the seeds of V. radiata L. The results of the study on the actual test showed that the IC50 of Cu metal was 127.4 ppm while the IC50 of Cr metal was 615.23 ppm with Cu metal having a more significant negative impact than Cr. In the mixed test, it showed that Cu metal IC50 was 247.5 ppm while Cr metal IC50 was 579.85 ppm with the highest inhibition value at Cu:Cr concentration of 90:10. The toxicant relationship of Cu and Cr based on the additive index is the additive (value S = 0).

Curative effect of vitamin C and brassinolide on growth of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek) under salinity stress

أجريت تجربة حقلية خلال موسم النمو 2018 لدراسة تأثير إضافة فيتامين ج على الأوراق بتركيز 0 و 60 و 120 ملجم لتر بالإضافة إلى براسينوليد 0،2 و 4 ملجم لتر على معاملات النمو الخضري للعقار. تعرضت نباتات الفاصوليا لضغط الملح (كلوريد الصوديوم) عند أربعة مستويات (0.9.5.5 و 10 و 15 ديسيبل متر مكعب). أجريت التجربة في تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (R.C.B.D) بثلاثة مكررات وتمت مقارنة الوسائل عند أقل فرق معنوي (LSD) باحتمال 0.05. أشارت النتائج إلى أن مستويات الإجهاد الملحي من 0.9 إلى 15 ديسيبل مري -1 خفضت بشكل ملحوظ متوسط ​​معاملات النمو الخضري (طول النبات ، مساحة الورقة ، الوزن الجاف ومحتوى الكلوروفيل). علاوة على ذلك ، أدى استخدام فيتامين C و brassinolide إلى زيادة معنوية في متوسط ​​مؤشرات النمو الخضري أعلاه ، كما قلل من التأثير الضار لإجهاد الملح خاصة 120 مجم / لتر فيتامين سي و 4 مجم / لتر براسينوليد.

Effects of inorganic and organic fertilizer with phosphorous supplementation in the growth and yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) & soil properties

Effects of inorganic and organic fertilizer with phosphorous supplementation in the growth and yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) & soil properties

Deciphering the Role of Silver Nanoemulsion as a Promising Nanofertilizer and Nanofungicide for Improved Mungbean Growth

Deciphering the Role of Silver Nanoemulsion as a Promising Nanofertilizer and Nanofungicide for Improved Mungbean Growth

Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater by red mud-modified biochar and its potential application

A large amount of wastewater containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and fluorine produces in the production of phosphate fertilizer. In this study, to simultaneously recover nitrogen and phosphorus from phosphorus-containing wastewater and realize the resource utilization of red mud and rape straw, red mud-modified rape straw biochar (RM/RSBC) was prepared by facile one step, and the physicochemical properties were characterized by Zeta potential, SEM-EDS, BET specific surface area (SSA), FTIR, XRD, and XPS. The adsorption performance and mechanisms of ammonium and phosphate onto RM/RSBC were explored through static, fixed-bed column adsorption, and practical wastewater experiments. The results showed that pH = 3.0 and 8.0 were favorable for the removal of phosphate and ammonium, respectively. The main adsorption mechanisms of ammonium and phosphate were the interaction between ammonium and surface functional groups and surface precipitation, respectively. The removal efficiencies of ammonium and phosphate by fixed-bed column adsorption mainly depended on the addition amount of RM/RSBC, the concentration of ammonium and phosphate, and the flow rate. The results of the germination experiment showed that adding > 0.5 wt% of RM/RSBC loaded with ammonium and phosphate promoted the growth of mung beans. This study shows that RM/RSBC can not only recover ammonium and phosphate in wastewater, but also realize the resource utilization of red mud and rape straw.

Growth Performance and Metabolic Changes in Susceptible Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] during Interaction with Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma virens

Background: Mung bean is susceptible to Rhizoctonia solani infection. Applications of beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma are promising for controlling pathogens and promoting plant growth. Methods: This study investigated growth performance and metabolic changes in mung bean seedlings during interaction with R. solani and Trichoderma virens using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Result: Mung bean infected by R. solani caused root rot and wilting. T. virens treatment reduced the disease severity in infected seedlings and promoted mung bean growth. Seventy-eight metabolites were identified in root extracts and dominated by sugars and fatty acids. The sugars, fatty acids and organic acids were significant metabolite groups that changed in response to pathogen infection and/or T. virens treatment. Five metabolic pathways particularly pyruvate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, sulfur metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis altered significantly based on a metabolic pathway analysis. Acetic acid and aconitine had important roles in mung bean response to R. solani infection and/or T. virens treatment.

Selenium nanoparticles reduce Ce accumulation in grains and ameliorate yield attributes in mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to CeO2

Exposure of crops to CeO2 nanoparticles (nCeO2) in agricultural environments impact crop quality and human health. In this regard, the effects of selenium nanoparticles (nSe) on the yield and quality of Vigna radiata (L.) exposed to nCeO2 were investigated. The experiment was carried out as a factorial with two factors: NPs (nCeO2, and nSe) as factor one and concentrations as factor two [(0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L nCeO2; 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L nSe)]. Nanoparticles were foliar applied to 45-day old mung bean shoot in two steps and one-week interval. At 250–1000 mg/L, nCeO2 increased P, protein and Ce accumulation in grain. Additionally, at 1000 mg/L, the nCeO2, significantly decreased seed number, yield, Fe, and Zn storage in seeds. Conversely, at 25 and 50 mg/L, nSe stimulated the growth and yield of mung bean, and significantly increased P, Fe, Zn, and Se in seeds, but reduced the protein content in seeds. The Se25+Ce250 and Se50+Ce250 significantly increased pod number, seed number, grain weight, yield, Fe, Zn and Se storage in grains. In contrast, the Ce accumulation in seeds decreased in all combination treatments (nCeO2 + nSe) compared to their respective single nCeO2 treatments. Moreover, in the plants exposed to high nCeO2 concentrations, nSe application resulted in undamaged vacuoles, less starch granules' accumulation, significant yield improvement, and elevated Fe, Se, and Zn in seeds. Data suggest that selenium nanoparticles prevent nCeO2 stress in mung bean and improve grain production and quality.

GAMMA IRRADIATION INDUCED CLASTOGENIC ABNORMALITIES IN Vigna radiata

Gamma irradiation is an effective and widely used method in the agricultural sector to alter the traits of plants especially for commercialization purposes and as a mitigation measure to ensure food security in the future. Vigna radiata (mung bean) is one of the most important legume crops in Asian countries that is not fully exploited. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on the cytology and growth of mung beans. The mung bean seeds were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation; 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 Gy. The increasing dose of gamma irradiation caused an insignificant decrease (p>0.05) in the mitotic index of V. radiata meristematic cells. However, a significant increase at p<0.05 in the percentage of clastogenic chromosomal aberration was observed in the meristematic cells of plants irradiated at 800 and 1000 Gy. The survival percentage, plant height, and root length were inversely proportional to the percentage of chromosomal aberration and clastogenic abnormalities when the irradiation dose exceeded the LD50 (752.50 Gy). In conclusion, gamma rays greatly induced clastogenic abnormalities which have varying impacts on the cytology and growth of V. radiata plants.

Development and characterization of hybrid liquid fertilizer from celery and cucumber wastes

Agriculture is one of the most important sectors in Malaysia. Since huge amount of vegetable wastes gives negative impacts towards the environment, they can be used to produce hybrid liquid fertilizer to facilitate the growth of the plant. Hybrid liquid fertilizer is a fertilizer that is made from addition of ammonia to fermented liquid from the fermentation of vegetable wastes and brown sugar. The objectives of this study are to produce hybrid liquid fertilizer as a growth booster from fermentation, to characterize the developed hybrid liquid fertilizer, and to analyze the effect of hybrid liquid fertilizer on the growth of mung beans. The hybrid liquid fertilizer obtained was used to analyze the nutrients content by using ICP-MS. pH of the hybrid liquid fertilizers were also tested. The result showed that the pH decreases as days of fermentation increases due to the production of acids. In ICP-MS analysis, potassium content in the samples increases with increasing days of fermentation. The same trend goes for phosphorous except for the hybrid liquid fertilizer of cucumber with 4 g of ammonia. Hybrid liquid fertilizer of celery with 2 g of ammonia at 7 days fermentation showed to be the most suitable to be used for the growth of plant as it produced the best results for the height of mung bean plant, the length of the leaves and the width of the leaves.

Foliar application Effect of Salicylic Acid and Drought Stress on Growth and Yield of Mung bean (Vigna radiata )

This study was conducted to investigate the mitigation of drought stress by foliar application of salicylic acid in mung bean (Vigna radita). Treatments comprised of three drought stress which are  control treatment without drought stress , drought stress at %50 flowering stage  and drought stress at %50 pod formation stages and foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) in three concentrations which are 50 ppm, 100ppm,150 ppm at two times, first spray after 30 days second spray after 40 days of sowing. Irrigation missing at flowering stage, affected less the growth and yield as compared with irrigation missing at both flowering and pod formation stage. The results showed that most of treatments were affected significantly on yield and yield components, the data represented highest values of control treatments (number of pod, weight 100 seeds, biological yield, harvest index)    (19.88 pod.-1, 5.21 g, 9, 28 ton.ha-1, 7.13%) respectively, and the value of the same traits reduced in drought at %50 flowering stage to   (18.71 pod.-1, 4.58 g, 8.43ton.ha-1, 4.44%) respectively. Also, the results indicated that the higher concentrations (150 ppm) of salicylic acid caused significant increase in value of (seed yield, weight 100 seeds, and harvest index). Although water deficit stress has hampered the yield and yield components of mungbean .Exogenous application of salicylic acid mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress significantly.

Effects of Cold Plasma Treatment on Physical Modification and Endogenous Hormone Regulation in Enhancing Seed Germination and Radicle Growth of Mung Bean

This study investigated the effects of plasma duration and different reactive species ratios of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment on both physical and endogenous hormone changes in enhancing the germination and growth of mung bean seeds. Seed germination and sprout stem length were significantly enhanced after plasma treatment. The germination rate increased eleven times after 12 h, while the radicles’ length increased ~3 times after 96 h with optimal plasma treatment parameters. SEM images showed that the plasmas directly induced gradual changes in the seed coating, including deformed and shrunken epidermis, and cracks with sizes varying from 0.2 to 1.5 µm after 4 min of plasma treatment. Water contact angle was reduced from 73° with untreated seed to almost 0° with 4 min treated seed. These effects could lead to better water absorption on the surface of treated seeds. We found that a plasma energy dosage of 0.08 Wh per seed and NO concentration between 20–95 ppm were the optimal enhancement conditions. We also showed that, for the first time, through delicate extraction, separation, and quantification processes, NO-induced upregulation of the natural growth hormone gibberellic acid could be the dominant phytochemistry pathway responsible for the enhancement effect.

Reduction in the Allelopathic Potential of Conocarpus erectus L. through Vermicomposting

The utilization of vermi-technology to reduce allelopathic effects is a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally appropriate alternative to traditional chemical and mechanical methods. The current investigation was an effort to obtain vermicompost from C. erectus and its binary combination with soil and farmyard manure (FYM) using E. foetida. The pH, EC, organic carbon, macro and micro-nutrients, CO2 emission, the average growth rate of the worms, number of worms, number of cocoons, and weight gained by earthworms were analyzed by standard methods. The present study also investigated the effect of produced vermicompost on the growth and yield of mung beans (Vigna radiata L). The maximum reduction in soil pH was observed (6.47) in vermicompost of C. erectus leaves, among other treatments. The highest N (1.86%), P (0.15%), and K (0.41%) contents were found in the vermicompost of C. erectus leaves + FYM. Similarly, the maximum plant height (36.00 cm) was achieved in vermicompost of C. erectus leaves + FYM compared to other treatments. The highest SPAD value was observed (56.37) when the soil was treated with vermicompost (C. erectus leaves + FYM) @ 5 t ha−1, followed by the treatment where vermicompost (C. erectus leaves + soil) @ 8 t ha−1 was applied. The soil amendment of vermicompost (C. erectus leaves + FYM) @ 5 t ha−1 showed competitive results (in terms of the growth and yield parameters of mung beans) compared to other types of vermicompost and C. erectus biomass. This study has the potential to reduce the phytotoxicity of C. erectus biomass and transform it into a potent organic fertilizer through vermicomposting.

Quantifying physiological determinants of potential yield in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

A comprehensive understanding of key drivers of grain yield is essential to identify opportunities to improve productivity in mungbean ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). The objective of this study was to assess and quantify physiological factors underpinning yield of mungbean grown in non-water-limiting conditions. Two field experiments, employing three genotypes (Jade-AU, Opal-AU and Satin II) and four canopy density treatments were conducted in the summer growing season (Jan-Mar) of 2019 and 2020 at Gatton campus, The University of Queensland, Australia. Crop leaf area dynamics, radiation interception, extinction coefficient ( k ), radiation use efficiency (RUE), total dry matter (TDM) (above ground dry matter) and grain yield (GY) were measured. Leaf area index (LAI), influenced by the canopy density treatments, was the key driver of differences in radiation interception. The variation in intercepted radiation resulted in differences in TDM and GY across canopy density treatments. Genotypes did not differ significantly and partitioned more than 90% of TDM to pod development. The radiation extinction coefficient, k , was stable and estimated to be 0.68, while average RUE was calculated as 1.3 g MJ -1 . Variations in GY were strongly associated with grain number, which was related to intercepted radiation per unit of accumulated temperature around flowering. Using this quantification of the physiology of crop growth and yield in mungbean to form a simple crop model, simulations suggested that median potential yields of 1.88–2.48 tonnes ha −1 were possible in NE Australian production environments, with greater yield associated with spring sowing. Understanding the physiological basis of the very low RUE in mungbean was considered a key avenue to improve potential yield. This study has provided a quantitative framework for potential yield that will enable more comprehensive modelling of crop adaptation in mungbean. • This study highlights the importance of identifying key physiological determinants of yield for increasing productivity in mungbean. • Leaf area index differences in response to varying canopy density treatments was the key driver of differences in radiation interception and biomass. • Radiation use efficiency for current commercial mungbean was found to be 1.3 g MJ −1 . • Intercepted radiation per unit of accumulated temperature between flowering and maturity was significantly associated with grain number. • Simulations of potential yield indicated 2.5 tonnes ha −1 was attainable in NE Australia and higher yield occurred in spring planting.

Retraction: The impact of boron seed priming on seedling establishment, growth, and grain biofortification of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in yermosols.

Retraction: The impact of boron seed priming on seedling establishment, growth, and grain biofortification of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in yermosols.

EFFECT OF PRIMARY NUTRIENT (NPK) RATES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata) AT BATIAGHATA UPAZILA IN KHULNA

The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of primary nutrients (NPK) on growth, yield and yield attributes of mungbean. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and consisted of four level of primary nutrients (N:P:K) viz. F *0 = no NPK added, F1 = 8:10:12 kg ha-1, F2 = 16:20:24 kg ha-1 and F3 = 24:30:36 kg ha[1]1 of N:P:K. Increasing the levels of primary nutrients significantly influence the growth, yield and yield attributes of mungbean except stover yield and harvest index. The highest plant height, number of pod plant-1, weight of seed plant-1 and seed yield were obtained from 16:20:24 kg N:P:K ha-1 whereas 24:30:36 kg N:P:K ha-1 produced the highest number of leaf plant-1, number of branch plant-1, seed pod-1, weight of seed pod-1 and 1000-seed weight. Increased rate of nutrients increased the pod plant-1, seed weight pod-1 and seed yield up to N:P:K @ 16:20:24 kg ha-1 and then declined. From the results of this study it could be suggested that application of primary nutrients (N:P:K) @ 16:20:24 kg ha-1 optimum for BARI mung-6 at Batiaghata upazila in Khulna district of southwestern Bangladesh

PENGARUH KONDISI LENGAS TANAH DAN MEDIA TUMBUH YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KACANG HIJAU (VIGNA RADIATA L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of soil moisture conditions and different growing media on the growth and production of mung bean (vigna radiata L.). The method used in this research is an experimental method by experimenting with planting in pots in a plastic house. The experiment was carried out in a green house that was prepared on farmer's land, Mataram District, East Pagutan Village, Karang Buaya Village. The experiment was planned for 4 months. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design by arranging the treatment in a factorial manner, which consisted of 2 treatment factors as follows: origin of the growing medium (entisols) (M), with 3 levels as follows: M1 = growing medium from Sayong village, M2 = medium growing from Kuripan village and M3 = growing medium from Bayan. Moisture content with 2 treatment levels of water supply, namely: C1 = water supply 100% moisture content. . C2 = 50% moisture content of water, thus 6 treatment combinations were obtained and each treatment combination was repeated three times, so 18 experimental pots were obtained.The results showed that the best growth of mung bean on growing media was from Kuripan with 100% moisture content, while at 50% moisture content from Bayan. The highest yield of green beans in growing media was from Bayan at 100% soil moisture, while 50% moisture content in growing media from Saiyong.