Growth Of Lettuce Plants Research Articles

Effect of Plasma Activated Water on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Plant Growth and Seed Germination

Effect of Plasma Activated Water on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Plant Growth and Seed Germination

Pemanfaatan Kombinasi Poc Azolla microphylla dan Ampas Teh Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tanaman Selada (Latuca sativa L) dengan Metode Hidroponik

This research aims to determine the benefits of using a combination of POC A. microphylla and tea dregs on the growth and productivity of lettuce plants using the hydroponic method. The research method used was an experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors including the volume of POC administration consisting of three levels (V1=150 ml, V2=200 ml, and V3=250 ml) and the time interval for POC administration consisting of level prayer (I1=once 3 days, and I2=once 6 days). The research results show that the combination of A. mycrophylla liquid organic fertilizer and tea dregs can effectively increase the growth of lettuce plants using the hydroponic method which includes the parameters of plant height, number of leaves and wet weight of the plant. The most optimal growth of lettuce was in the V2l1 treatment (volume of 200 ml POC given at three-day intervals) with an average plant height of 14.3 cm, an average increase in the number of leaves was 9 and the plant's wet weight was 0. 26 grams. In conclusion, applying liquid organic fertilizer with a combination of A. mycrophylla and tea dregs is effective on the growth of lettuce plants.
 Keywords: Tea Dregs, A. Microphylla, Liquid Organic Fertilizer, Lettuce

Pengaruh berbagai dosis nutrisi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L) pada hidroponik sistem sumbu

The experiment was carried out in the hydroponic hut Wa Adi, Gunungmanik Village, Talaga District, Majalengka Regency, West Java, with an altitude of 700 meters above sea level and a temperature of 20-26°C. The experiment was carried out from February to March 2022. The randomized block design (RBD) consisted of three treatments (t = 3 treatments) and was repeated ten times. Dosage factor (D) consists of three levels: d1 : 3 ml/liter (1.5 ml A + 1.5 ml B/liter), d2: 5 ml/liter (2.5 ml A + 2.5 ml B/liter), and d3: 7 ml/liter (3.5 ml A + 3.5 ml B/liter). Further tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 5% level. Duncan's further test results showed that the administration of various doses of nutrients had a significant effect on plant height at 10 hst, plant height at 20 hst, plant height at 30 hst, number of leaves at 10 hst, number of leaves at 20 hst, leaf width at 20 hst, stover weight, and net weight. Each of the growth and yield components of lettuce plants treated with d2 (5 ml/liter) nutrient doses showed the best results compared to d1 (3 ml/liter) and d3 (7 ml/liter) nutrient doses.

Ruby Nanoparticles for Greenhouse Farming: Synthesis, Features and Application

In this work, we investigated the effect of photoconversion covers based on ruby (chromium-doped alumina (Al2O3:Cr3+)) particles (PCC-R) on the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants. Ruby particles (from 100 nm to 2 μm) were obtained by the sequential application of spall laser ablation and further laser fragmentation. The content of chromium ions relative to aluminum ions in the nanoparticles was 3.3 × 10−3. The covers with different densities of applied ruby particles (2 × 107 m−2 (PCC-R7), 2 × 108 m−2 (PCC-R8), 2 × 109 m−2 (PCC-R9)) were studied in the present work. The PCC-Rs had two wide bands of luminescence excitation. The first one was from 350 nm to 450 nm with a maximum at 405 nm, and the second one was from 500 nm to 600 nm with a peak at 550 nm. Synthesized covers emitted in the range of 650 nm to 750 nm, with a peak at 695 nm. It has been shown that PCC-R8, in contrast to PCC-R7 and PCC-R9, provided an increase in yield by 40% and was characterized by increased water use efficiency during dark respiration and assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants. It is assumed that the observed positive effect of PCC-R8 photoconversion covers is associated with the activation of regulatory mechanisms due to a qualitative change in the light spectrum.

Effects of hypobaria, hyperoxia, and nitrogen form on the growth and nutritional quality of lettuce

The objectives of this research were to investigate the impact of hypobaria, hyperoxia, and nitrogen form on the growth and nutritional quality of plants. Pre-culture 20-day-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Rome) seedlings grew for 25 days under three levels of total atmospheric pressure (101, 54, and 30 kPa), two levels of oxygen partial pressure (21 and 28 kPa), and two forms of nitrogen (NO3N and NH4N). The ratios of NO3N to NH4N included 3: 1, 4: 0, 2: 2, and 0: 4. The nitrogen quantity included two levels, i.e. N1, 0.1 g N kg−1 dry matrix and N2, 0.2 g N kg−1 dry matrix. The growth status of lettuce plants in different treatments differentiated markedly. Regardless of the nitrogen factor, the growth status of lettuce plants treated with total atmospheric pressure/oxygen partial pressure at 54/21 was equivalent to the treatment of 101/21. Under the hypobaric condition (54 kPa), compared with 21 kPa oxygen partial pressure, hyperoxia (28 kPa) significantly inhibited the growth of lettuce plants and the biomass (fresh weight) decreased by 60.9%-69.9% compared with that under 101/21 treatment. At the N1 level, the sequence of the biomass of lettuce plants supplied with different ratios of NO3N to NH4N was 3: 1 > 4: 0 > 2: 2 > 0: 4, and there were higher concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoid of lettuce plants supplied with the higher ratio of NO3 to NH4. At the N2 level, the effects of different ratios of NO3N to NH4N on lettuce plants were similar to those at the N1 level. The high nitrogen (N2) promoted the growth of lettuce plants such as 54/21/N2 treatments. Both form and nitrogen level did not affect the stress resistance of lettuce plants. Hypobaria (54 kPa) increased the contents of N, P, and K and hyperoxia (28 kPa) decreased the content of organic carbon in lettuce plants. The high nitrogen (N2) improved the content of total N and the N uptake. The ratios of NO3N to NH4N were 4: 0 and 3: 1, lettuce could absorb and utilize N effectively. This study demonstrated that hyperoxia (28 kPa) inhibited the growth of lettuce plants under the hypobaric condition (54 kPa), and high level of nitrogen (0.2 g N kg−1 dry matrix) and NO3N: NH4N at 3: 1 markedly enhanced the growth, the contents of mineral elements and the nutritional quality of lettuce plants.

Effect of Different Doses of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.)

Fertilization activities also provide macro and micro-nutrients for plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The role of the three elements is very important and have mutually supporting functions in plant growth and development. This research aims to observe the effect of different doses of liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of lettuce plants. So, we can provide the best advice for fertilizing lettuce plants. Providing liquid organic fertilizer to 20 lettuce plants using 3 doses mixed with 1000 ml of water for each dose, including: (1) 5 ml dose of liquid organic fertilizer + 1000 ml water for five plants, (2) 10 ml dose of liquid organic fertilizer + 1000 ml of water for five plants, (3) Dose of 15 ml of liquid organic fertilizer + 1000 ml of water for five plants, and (4) Use of control on five plants that were not given POC. The results of the research showed that the effect of giving each dose of liquid organic fertilizer, namely 5 ml, 10 ml and 15 ml, showed the highest growth results, namely at a dose of 15 ml and the lowest was obtained in the treatment without liquid organic fertilizer (control).

Enzyme-Based Biostimulants Influence Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Lactuca sativa L.

Biostimulants (BSs) are natural materials (i.e., organic or inorganic compounds, and/or microorganisms) having beneficial effects on plant growth and productivity, and able to improve resilience/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, they represent an innovative alternative to the phyto- and agrochemicals, being environmentally friendly and a valuable tool to cope with extreme climate conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of several biomolecules (i.e., Xylanase, β-Glucosidase, Chitinase, and Tramesan), alone or in combinations, on lettuce plant growth and quality. With this aim, the influence of these biomolecules on biomass, pigment content, and antioxidant properties in treated plants were investigated. Our results showed that Xylanase and, to a lesser extent, β-Glucosidase, have potentially biostimulant activity for lettuce cultivation, positively influencing carotenoids, total polyphenols, and ascorbic acid contents; similar effects were found with respect to antioxidative properties. Furthermore, the effect of the more promising molecules (Xylanase and β-Glucosidase) was also evaluated in kiwifruit cultured cells to test their putative role as sustainable input for plant cell biofactories. The absence of phytotoxic effects of both molecules at low doses (0.1 and 0.01 µM), and the significantly enhanced cell biomass growth, indicates a positive impact on kiwifruit cells.

Far-red light and temperature interactively regulate plant growth and morphology of lettuce and basil

Both the spectral quality of light, particularly the ratio of red (R; 600–700 nm) to far-red light (FR; 700–800 nm), and temperature can regulate phytochrome activities, subsequently influencing plant growth and morphology. However, our understanding of how light quality and temperature interact to control phytochrome-mediated morphological responses is largely limited to hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis seedlings. In this study, we quantified the interactive effects between FR light and temperature on morphological traits of agronomic and horticultural significance in two crops with contrasting morphology and growth habits, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) ‘Rex’ and basil (Ocimum basilicum) ‘Genovese’. Plants were grown under blue (B), green (G), R, and FR LED light with three spectral treatments [B25G25R200 (0%FR), B25G25R175FR25 (10%FR), B25G25R150FR50 (20%FR); the subscript represents photon flux density in μmol m−2 s−1] and five temperature regimes [Day (℃)/Night (℃); 20/20, 24/24, 28/28, 20/28 (–DIF), 28/20 (+DIF); DIF represents differential day/night temperature]. Total photon flux density in each spectral treatment was 250 μmol m−2 s−1 (400–800 nm; 12-h photoperiod). As FR light percentage and temperature increased, leaf length and plant height increased in both species. However, the effects of FR light and temperature were interdependent. Specifically, the stimulative effects of FR light on extension growth generally diminished under warmer temperatures and in the –DIF treatment (20/28 ℃). Total leaf area increased with increasing FR percentage under 20/20 and 24/24 ℃ treatments in both lettuce and basil. However, under 28/28 ℃, increasing the FR percentage from 0% to 20% caused a decrease in lettuce leaf area while having no effect on basil leaf area. Similar to responses in total leaf area, dry biomass significantly increased with increasing FR percentage under cooler temperatures. Under warm temperature of 28/28 ℃, dry biomass decreased with increasing FR percentage in lettuce, whereas no significant difference was observed in basil. Due to the interaction between FR and temperature, phytochrome photoequilibrium (PPE) estimated from photoconversions alone was less predictive of plant morphology under varying temperature conditions. Those results indicate that light spectrum and temperature interactively regulate the activity of phytochromes, plant morphology, and subsequent plant growth in both lettuce and basil, and thus should be co-optimized in controlled environment crop production systems.

The Growth-Inhibitory Effect of Increased Planting Density Can Be Reduced by Abscisic Acid-Degrading Bacteria.

High-density planting can increase crop productivity per unit area of cultivated land. However, the application of this technology is limited by the inhibition of plant growth in the presence of neighbors, which is not only due to their competition for resources but is also caused by growth regulators. Specifically, the abscisic acid (ABA) accumulated in plants under increased density of planting has been shown to inhibit their growth. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that bacteria capable of degrading ABA can reduce the growth inhibitory effect of competition among plants by reducing concentration of this hormone in plants and their environment. Lettuce plants were grown both individually and three per pot; the rhizosphere was inoculated with a strain of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2.4-D capable of degrading ABA. Plant growth was recorded in parallel with immunoassaying ABA concentration in the pots and plants. The presence of neighbors indeed inhibited the growth of non-inoculated lettuce plants. Bacterial inoculation positively affected the growth of grouped plants, reducing the negative effects of competition. The bacteria-induced increase in the mass of competing plants was greater than that in the single ones. ABA concentration was increased by the presence of neighbors both in soil and plant shoots associated with the inhibition of plant growth, but accumulation of this hormone as well as inhibition of the growth of grouped plants was prevented by bacteria. The results confirm the role of ABA in the response of plants to the presence of competitors as well as the possibility of reducing the negative effect of competition on plant productivity with the help of bacteria capable of degrading this hormone.

Effect of planting media and poultry manure fertilizier on Growth And Weight OF Lettuce

Grelen lettluce is a vegeltable plalnt favolred by the peolple of Indolnesia whilch has nutrlitional, provitlamin A, potaslsium, and callcium (Suprliati & Herllina, 2014). Lettluce cultilvation reqluires nutrlients in the folrm of orglanic fertillizers to grlowth and devellopment. Poulltry manlure has the higlhest N, P and K contlent and is availlable molre quickly (Sari et al., 2016). Cocopeat is a planting medium that has very high absorption with a pH 5.0 – 6.8 and good for root growth (Fahmi, 2013). The purpose of this study was to obtain the right compositiovn of growing mediva with poltry manure for optimal growth and yield of green lettuce. The research at the Experimental Garden, Satu Nusa University of Lampung, from January to April 2023. The research method Factorial RAK, Factor 1 was poltry manure, P1 = 5 tons ha-1, P2 = 10 tons ha-1, P3 = 15 tons ha-1. Factor 2 is the composition of the planting,M1 = Soil 100%, M2 = Cocopeat : Soil = 50% : 50%, M3 = Cocopeat : Soil = 75% : 25% and M4 = Soil : Cocopeat = 25% : 75% . The data obtained from the observations were analyzed using the F test of analysis with a level of 5%. If the test results have a significant effect, then proceed with the BNJ with a level of 5%. The results giving a dose of poultry manure 15 tons ha-1 is the best and most optimal fertilizer dose for the growth of green lettuce plants.

The Effect of Application Various Doses of Cow Manure and NPK (16:16:16) on Soil Properties and The Growth of Red Lettuce (Lactuca sativa Var. Acephala)

Red lettuce is one of the horticultural crops that has many benefits and can increase the economic income of farming families. Cultivation of red lettuce plants requires proper maintenance and fertilization to increase the yield of red lettuce plants. To complement nutrients, the addition of organic and NPK fertilizers is required. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of cow manure and NPK fertilizers 16:16:16 on soil properties and the growth of red lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa Var. Acephala). The method used in this research is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment consisting of two factors, namely factor I is cow manure (K) and factor II is Pearl NPK fertilizer (16:16:16) (P). Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that a total of 27 experimental polybags were obtained. The treatment with cow manure 10 tons/ha has the best value of C-organic (3.55%) and porosity (56.76%). The highest weight of wet stems of red lettuce plants was obtained in the treatment of 300 kg/ha NPK fertilizer and 10 tons/ha cow manure at 35.14 grams.

Pemanfaatan Kompos Daun Ketapang Sebagai Sumber Hara Pada Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.) di Tanah Gambut

The potential of ketapang leaves as an organic material for supplying nutrients to lettuce plants through composting is being investigated in this study. The objective is to assess the impact of different dosages of ketapang leaf compost on nutrient content in peat soil and the growth of lettuce plants. The research was conducted between April and June 2020 at the Compost House and Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture. The study utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: 0, 6.5, 13, and 19.5 tons/ha of ketapang leaf compost. Various variables were observed, including the nutrient content of ketapang leaf compost, nutrient content in peat soil after compost application (pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), and lettuce plant growth indicators (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, and wet plant weight). The findings indicated that the ketapang leaf compost met the quality standards outlined by SNI, with the exception of pH. The application of ketapang leaf compost enhanced the availability of nutrients (pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in peat soil and promoted the growth of lettuce plants, as evidenced by improvements in plant height, leaf length, leaf number, leaf width, and wet plant weight. The optimal dosage of ketapang leaf compost for promoting lettuce plant growth was determined to be 6.5 tons/ha

Effect of biofertilizers and rhizospheric bacteria on growth and root ultrastucture of lettuce

Biofertilization is a technique that uses plant and animal wastes to add organic matter and nutrients to the soil. It can also use microorganisms that can metabolize these by-products to facilitate their absorption by the plant roots. In this study, we tested the effects of rhizospheric bacteria inoculation (T1), a combination of rhizospheric bacteria with liquid fertilizer (T2) and uncombined liquid fertilizer (T3), on the growth, nutritional content, root tissue, and root cells of lettuce plants. The results showed significant positive differences in all treatments compared to control plants, in terms of morphological, nutritional, and productivity parameters. The combination of rhizospheric bacteria with liquid SEFEL fertilizer (T2) yielded the best results, showing increased fresh and dry weight, and diameter. There were no differences between treatments for nutritional content, but each treatment outperformed the control by more than 700% for all macronutrients. The best result was phosphorus content for T1, with 1272.22% more than control. Regarding root structure and ultrastructure, there was no variation in tissue organization compared to control plants, but increases in root hairs (T1), development of transfer cells (T2), and secondary growth (T3) were observed. Additionally, colonization of roots by rhizospheric bacteria was confirmed in all three treatments. In conclusion, this study suggests that inoculating with rhizospheric bacteria is a viable and environmentally friendly biofertilization for lettuce plants.

Métodos de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense em alface e rúcula em sistema hidropônico

ABSTRACT: Lettuce and arugula are the most cultivated leafy vegetables in hydroponic systems in the world, and the little information about Azospirillum brasilense effects in research in this system makes it necessary to verify the best method of inoculation of these bacteria. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the beneficial effects of inoculation methods of A. brasilense on plant growth and nutrition of lettuce and arugula grown in the hydroponic system. The study was conducted in a greenhouse with 30% shading. A randomized block design with five replicates in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme was used. Four A. brasilense inoculation methods (non-inoculated, foliar application, nutrient solution, and nutrient solution + foliar application) and two leafy vegetable species - arugula and lettuce - were evaluated. All inoculation methods improved plant height, shoot fresh and dry mass, root fresh and dry mass, fresh leaf yield, leaf chlorophyll index, accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and copper and reduced nitrate accumulation in shoot and root of arugula and lettuce. Inoculation via nutrient solution + foliar application of A. brasilense is the most suitable for hydroponic arugula cultivation because it provides greater fresh leaf yield. All inoculation methods increased leaf yield in hydroponic lettuce. Hydroponic arugula and lettuce plants showed greater accumulation of nutrients and plant growth with less nitrate accumulation in the shoot under inoculation with A. brasilense.

Role of Bacteria-Derived Flavins in Plant Growth Promotion and Phytochemical Accumulation in Leafy Vegetables.

Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 bacteria secretes a considerable amount of flavins (FLs) and can form a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legumes. This strain is also associated with non-legume plants. However, its role in plant growth promotion (PGP) of non-legumes is not well understood. The present study evaluated the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) plants inoculated with S. meliloti 1021 (FL+) and its mutant 1021ΔribBA, with a limited ability to secrete FLs (FL-). The results from this study indicated that inoculation with 1021 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the lengths and surface areas of the roots and hypocotyls of the seedlings compared to 1021ΔribBA. The kale and lettuce seedlings recorded 19% and 14% increases in total root length, respectively, following inoculation with 1021 compared to 1021ΔribBA. A greenhouse study showed that plant growth, photosynthetic rate, and yield were improved by 1021 inoculation. Moreover, chlorophylls a and b, and total carotenoids were more significantly (p < 0.05) increased in kale plants associated with 1021 than non-inoculated plants. In kale, total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 6% and 23%, respectively, and in lettuce, the increments were 102% and 57%, respectively, following 1021 inoculation. Overall, bacterial-derived FLs enhanced kale and lettuce plant growth, physiological indices, and yield. Future investigation will use proteomic approaches combined with plant physiological responses to better understand host-plant responses to bacteria-derived FLs.

Effect of foliar application of nanoparticles on growth, physiology, and antioxidant enzyme activities of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants under cadmium toxicity.

Nanotechnology has attracted the interest of scientists due to its wide range of application specifically in agriculture. Nanoparticles (NPs) may act as a promising materials to alleviate cadmium (Cd) stress in plants. This study aims to assess the impact of multiple nanoparticles including nSiO2 (50mg L-1:100mg L-1), nTiO2 (20mg L-1:60mg L-1), nZnO (50mg L-1:100mg L-1), nFe3O4 (100mg L-1:200mg L-1), nCuO (50mg L-1:100mg L-1), and nCeO2 (50mg L-1:100mg L-1) in combination with CdCl2 (5µM) to mitigate Cd toxicity in lettuce through foliar application in hydroponic solution. Current findings indicate that foliar application of nSiL + Cd (50mg L-1), nZnL + Cd (50mg L-1), and nTiL + Cd (20mg L-1) is more effective in improving growth, biomass, root architecture, and elevated photosynthetic efficiency, which might be attributed to the increasing uptake of essential micronutrient (K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn) under Cd stress. Similarly, treatment with nanoparticles leads to reduced accumulation of ROS and MDA in lettuce, while enhancing the SOD, POD, CAT, and APX activities. The results showed that nanoparticles have high tolerance against Cd as depicted by the inhibition in Cd accumulation by 3.2-58% and 10-72% in roots as well as edible parts of lettuce, respectively. In addition, Cd alone reduces the morphological traits, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthetic activity, while increasing the ROS, MDA, and Cd accumulation in lettuce. This comprehensive study suggests the role of nanoparticles in reducing Cd toxicity in lettuce, signifying their importance as stress mitigation agents. However, long-term pot, priming, and field trials are needed to identify the optimal nanoparticle for the lettuce under variable environmental conditions.

Effect of Dopamine on Growth, Some Biochemical Attributes, and the Yield of Crisphead Lettuce under Nitrogen Deficiency

Nitrogen (N) represents the most important nutrient for plant growth and productivity, but extreme and ineffective usage of N fertilizer results in boosted plant production expenditures and environmental contamination. For the world’s sustainable food production and environmental profits, there has been increased research interest in reducing the use of N fertilization along with improving plant N deficiency (ND) tolerance. Dopamine (DA), a potential antioxidant, mediates several physio-biochemical processes in plants under normal or stressful conditions. However, their roles in increasing ND tolerance in crisphead lettuce are not well-documented. We investigate the role of DA concentration (0.50 and 100 µM) on the growth and yield of crisphead lettuce plants under ND. Under normal conditions (100% recommended N fertilizer dose), DA (50 and 100 μM) application significantly enhanced growth, chlorophyll concentration, N%, antioxidant enzymes activity, as well as yield and its components, decreased nitrate accumulation and oxidative biomarkers compared to untreated plants (0 μM DA). ND significantly decreased plant growth and yield attributes as well as evoked oxidative impairment and nitrate accumulation as compared to 100% recommended N fertilizer dose in the absence of DA. However, within ND conditions, the application of DA concentrations significantly mitigated ND-induced oxidative burst and improved plant growth, chlorophyll concentration, N%, nitrate concentration, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solid, vitamin C, dry matter %, and total sugars, over 0 μM DA treated plants. Current findings highlighted that exogenous application of 100 μM DA could reinforce the crisphead lettuce plant’s resilience to ND by minimizing reactive oxygen species accumulation and promoting enzymatic antioxidants alongside growth, yield, and quality improvement. The beneficial effects of DA in lessening ND’s drastic impacts on crisphead lettuce resulted from upregulating antioxidant enzyme activity, impairment of oxidative biomarkers, and maintaining chlorophyll levels. The current findings open pioneering prospects to reduce nitrogen fertilization by DA application without any drastic effect on plant productivity. But further research is needed to fully understand DA effects and their mechanisms in inducing ND tolerance in different plant species, including crisphead lettuce.

Biofertilizers Improve the Plant Growth, Yield, and Mineral Concentration of Lettuce and Broccoli

Biofertilizers and organic fertilizers are eco-friendly treatments that reduce the consumption and problems associated with chemical fertilizers. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of biofertilizers and organic fertilizers on reducing consumption and improving the effectiveness of chemical fertilizer treatments by comparing the growth parameters, yield, quality criteria, and nutrient concentration in lettuce and broccoli grown under greenhouse conditions. The biofertilizer (BM-MegaFlu®) comprised Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pantoea agglomerans bacteria. The experiment consisted of six treatments comprising (1) biofertilizer (BF), (2) chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer (CF + BF), (3) chemical fertilizer (CF), (4) CF (1/2 dose) + BF, (5) CF (1/3 dose) + BF, and (6) organic fertilizer (OF + BF). BF did not adversely affect the head height and root collar diameter of lettuce; on the contrary, it showed non-significant differences with CF + BF, BF, CF (1/2) + BF, and CF (1/3) + BF treatments and CF alone. The highest total and marketable yields were obtained from CF + BF, CF, CF (1/2) + BF treatments in lettuce. The total yield was the highest in the CF + BF, CF, CF (1/2) + BF, and CF (1/3) + BF treatments in broccoli. In conclusion, the biofertilizer had a supportive effect on the use of chemical fertilizers in lettuce and broccoli production, especially the CF (1/2) + BF treatment in lettuce. The CF (1/2) + BF and CF (1/3) + BF treatments in broccoli showed similar yields to CF. In both crops, BF could provide 50% chemical fertilizer savings.

Effect of Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Pineapple Peel Waste on Growth and Production of Red Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa)

This study aims to determine the effect of giving the optimal concentration of pineapple peel liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and production of red lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa)". This research was conducted in Modong Village, Tulangan Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency and continued at the Agrotechnology Laboratory of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo University. The research was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023. This study uses a Randomized Group Design (RGD) with a single factor, namely the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer application of pineapple peel waste. The concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple peel waste were 100 cc/l; 150 cc/l; 200 cc/l; 250 cc/l; 300 cc/l; 350 cc/l; 400 cc/l. The data obtained were processed using ANOVA, if there is a difference between treatments then it will be followed by 5% tukey test. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, root length, and harvest index. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of liquid organic fertilizer pineapple peel waste significantly affects the observation variables of plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight and root length. While it is not significantly different on the observation variable of harvest index. The optimal application of liquid organic fertilizer pineapple peel waste is with a concentration of 250 cc/l (N4).

Farklı Putresin ve Salisilik Asit Uygulamalarının Tuzlu Şartlarda Marulun (Lactuca sativa L.) Çimlenme, Bitki Gelişimi, Kalite Özellikleri ve Besin Elementi İçeriği Üzerine Etkileri

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of putrescine and salicylic acid applications at different doses on germination, plant growth, quality properties and nutrient contents of lettuce under saline conditions.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In the study carried out in climatic chamber conditions, a total of 15 different applications using two different salt levels (100 and 200 mM), two different putrescine doses (0.5 and 1.0 mM) and two different salicylic acid doses (0.5 and 1.0 mM) were investigated. The effects of putrescine and salicylic acid separately and together with salt were examined.&#x0D; Results: According to the findings obtained from the research, it was detected that salinity negatively affected the germination, plant growth, quality properties and nutrient contents of lettuce. In general, it was determined that putrescine applications under saline conditions increased germination and plant growth parameters and significantly reduced the negative effects of salt stress. Furthermore, it was found that the 1.0 mM Putrescine+200 mM NaCl application, in which salt and putrescine were used together, increased germination rate by 75.57%, plant height by 42.49%, plant fresh weight by 58.89% and number of marketable leaves by 43.20% compared to the 200 mM NaCl application.&#x0D; Conclusion: It was concluded that 0.5 mM Putrescine+100 mM NaCl, 1.0 mM Putrescine+100 mM NaCl and 1.0 mM Putrescine+200 mM NaCl applications were the most effective applications against salt stress in lettuce among the applications examined in the study, and these applications could be recommended as an alternative application method for lettuce cultivation in areas with salinity problems.