Growth Of Lentil Research Articles

Drought Stress in Lentil (Lens culinaris, Medik) and Approaches for Its Management

Lentil plays an important role for food and nutritional security. It is a sustainable source of protein, zinc, iron, prebiotic carbohydrates, and diverse health-promoting nutrients. This crop is widely cultivated in semi-arid marginal areas and exposed to various environmental stressors. Drought stress is the major abiotic stress that causes serious effects on lentil growth and development. Thus, it is imperative to set up innovative and sustainable solutions to reduce the adverse effects of drought on lentil crop. In this review, the agro-morphological, physiological, and biochemical effects of drought on lentil were highlighted. Furthermore, breeding and agronomic interventions to improve lentil performance in drought-prone environments were also discussed. Overall, drought disturbs lentil germination, photosynthesis, water relations, shoot and root growth, thereby reducing final yield. Conventional breeding programs have identified several sources of drought tolerance; however, modern biotechnological tools could be adopted to decipher the genetic architecture of drought tolerance in lentil to accelerate the genetic progress. Cost-affordable and eco-friendly agronomic practices may also contribute to minimize the negative consequences of drought stress. Smart exploitation of breeding approaches and agronomic practices could help overcome drought, improve lentil productivity, and increase the profitability of farmers in dry areas.

Response of N P S doses and urea foliar spray on lentil under guava (Psidium guajava) + lentil (Lens culinaris) based agri-horti system

An experiment was conducted at research farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Barkachha, Mirzapur situated in eastern Uttar Pradesh during winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 with the objective to study the response of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur doses and urea foliar spray on lentil growth attributes, yield attributes, yield and economics under guava + lentil based agri-horti system. Results revealed that the higher growth, yield attributes, yield, net monetory returns and benefit-cost ratio were recorded under N23.5+P60+S40 which was at par with N20+P50+S30. In case of varied doses of foliar spray of urea, foliar spray of 2% urea at pre-flowering stage fb 2% urea at pod initiation stage recorded significantly higher growth, yield, yield attributes and economics which was at par with foliar spray of 2% urea spray at pre-flowering stage. Moreover, between the sowing of the lentils and the harvest, the guava's growth attributes were also increased. Therefore, under rainfed conditions of Vidhyan region of eastern Uttar Pradesh, application of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur @20, 50 and 30 kg/ha as basal application along with foliar application (spray) of 2% urea at pre-flowering stage (45 DAS) to lentil crop was found to be better option for higher profitability under guava plantation.

Treatment with atypical rhizobia, Pararhizobium giardinii and Ochrobactrum sp. modulate the rhizospheric bacterial community, and enhances Lens culinaris growth in fallow-soil

Diazotrophic nodule isolates are acknowledged promoters of plant growth and rhizospheric community. Consequently, in the lentil agroecosystem, inoculation of atypical rhizobial isolates could be a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers for fallow land usage optimization. The aim of this study is to evaluate and select the rhizobial isolates of lentil nodules with plant-growth-promoting (PGP) attributes and to elucidate their application in rice-fallow soil for determining the growth of lentils and its impact on the rhizospheric bacterial community. Lentil’s nodule isolates were identified and screened for their PGP attributes, biofilm, exopolysaccharide (EPS) formation, and early plant growth promotion. The pot experiment with the selected atypical rhizobial isolates Pararhizobium giardinii (P1) and Ochrobactrum sp. (42S) significantly enhanced germination, vigour index, nodule formation (P1 60%, 42S 42% increase), nodule fresh weight, shoot length (65% P1 & 35% 42S), and chlorophyll content as compared to the uninoculated control treatment. The genes for nitrogen fixation nifH and nifK were detected in both isolates. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed successful root and nodule colonization by both isolates, while Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) displayed nitrogen-fixing zones within root nodules. Proteobacteria predominated in the lentil rhizosphere of all the treatments. Whereas, application of either P1 or 42S increased Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Bradyrhizobium genra, thus positively modulating rhizospheric community structure. The correlation network analysis revealed an abundance of some interdependent bacterial genera with a possible role in overall plant growth. Functional genes for siderophore biosynthesis and ABC transporter were positively modulated by application of either P1 or 42S. This study showed the significant effect of P. giardinii P1 and Ochrobactrum sp. 42S of L. culinaris on lentil growth, improving fallowsoil health for optimum usage, and modulated rhizospheric community structure which strongly manifest prospects of low-cost, eco-friendly and sustainable biofertilizers.

UAV Image-Based Crop Growth Analysis of 3D-Reconstructed Crop Canopies.

Plant growth rate is an essential phenotypic parameter for quantifying potential crop productivity. Under field conditions, manual measurement of plant growth rate is less accurate in most cases. Image-based high-throughput platforms offer great potential for rapid, non-destructive, and objective estimation of plant growth parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the potential for quantifying plant growth rate using UAV-based (unoccupied aerial vehicle) imagery collected multiple times throughout the growing season. In this study, six diverse lines of lentils were grown in three replicates of 1 m2 microplots with six biomass collection time-points throughout the growing season over five site-years. Aerial imagery was collected simultaneously with each manual measurement of the above-ground biomass time-point and was used to produce two-dimensional orthomosaics and three-dimensional point clouds. Non-linear logistic models were fit to multiple data collection points throughout the growing season. Overall, remotely detected vegetation area and crop volume were found to produce trends comparable to the accumulation of dry weight biomass throughout the growing season. The growth rate and G50 (days to 50% of maximum growth) parameters of the model effectively quantified lentil growth rate indicating significant potential for image-based tools to be used in plant breeding programs. Comparing image-based groundcover and vegetation volume estimates with manually measured above-ground biomass suggested strong correlations. Vegetation area measured from a UAV has utility in quantifying lentil biomass and is indicative of leaf area early in the growing season. For mid- to late-season biomass estimation, plot volume was determined to be a better estimator. Apart from traditional traits, the estimation and analysis of plant parameters not typically collected in traditional breeding programs are possible with image-based methods, and this can create new opportunities to improve breeding efficiency mainly by offering new phenotypes and affecting selection intensity.

Effect of Zn and B on Lentil (Lens culinaris) Growth Characteristics, Yield, and Available Nutrients in the Soil

To assess the effects of Zn and B treatment, a field experiment was carried out during the rabi seasion 2020–21 at the Crop Research Center of the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.). Ten treatments, each with a different combination of control, RDF, Zn, and B, were examined using a randomised block design with three replications. The experimental results revealed that growth attributing traits viz. Plant population (ha-1), Plant height (cm), Number of branches plant-1, Dry matter accumulation (g m-2), Effective nodules (No. plant-1), Nodules dry weight (mg plant-1), yield viz. grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index and Available nutrient in soil N, P, K, Zn, S and B in lentil differed significantly among different treatments. Growth parameters and yield were significantly better in the treatment T10 (RDF + Boron 2 kg ha-1 + Zinc 5 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield was recorded in T10 RDF + Boron 2 kg ha-1 + Zinc 5 kg ha-1 was applied with Zn and B and was statistically at par with T8. From the study it may be concluded that the application of RDF + Boron 2 kg ha-1 + Zinc 5 kg ha-1 with Zn and B (T10) gave best results (Grain yield increased by 26.7%, 25.7%, 21%, 22.9%, 17.2% and 59.1% over T1, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T1, respectively) and proved to be beneficial for rabi lentil followed by RDF + Boron 2 kg ha-1 + Zinc 5 kg ha-1 (T9) also gave better results. Zn and B, together with N, P, K, and S, were used in lentils in a balanced manner to preserve soil fertility while also improving growth characteristics and yield.

Effect of phosphorus and sulphur levels on growth and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

A field experiment was carried for the duration of Rabi 2020-21 at crop research farm of SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.).The soil of experimental site was sandy loam in texture, almost impartial in soil reaction (PH 7.4), specified in randomized block design. It includes of two factors, Phosphorus levels i.e., P1-(30 kg/ ha), P2-(40 kg/ ha), P3-(50 kg/ ha) and Sulphur levels i.e., S1- (15 kg/ ha), S2-(20 kg/ ha), and S3 (25 kg/ ha) which was replicated thrice. Results shown significantly increase in growth parameters viz. , plant height (44.97 cm), number of number of nodules (10.26), dry weight (15.63g), yield attributes viz., number of pods per plant (90.67), number of seeds per pod (1.93), test weight (18.53g) and yield viz., seed yield (1986.66 kg/ ha), straw yield (3450.00 kg/ ha), harvest index (35.98 %).Higher gross returns (? 118536/ha), net returns (? 84360.50) and B:C ratio (2.46) Therefore, concluded that combination of phosphorus 50 kg/ ha + sulphur 25 kg/ ha recorded significantly in all parameters.

Influence of Nitrogen and Sulphur Levels on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris M.)

The field experiment entitled ‘‘Influence of Nitrogen and Sulphur levels on growth and yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris M.)’’ conducted during Rabi 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.2), low in organic carbon (0.22 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (12.3 kg/ha) and available K (235.7 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments which are replicated thrice. The treatments viz; 1: N-10 kg/ha + S-10 kg/ha, 2: N-10 kg/ha + S-20kg/ha, 3: N-10 kg/ha + S-30 kg/ha , 4: N-20 kg/ha + S-10 kg/ha , 5: N-20 kg/ha+ S-20 kg/ha , 6: N-20 kg/ha + S-30 kg/ha , 7: N-30 kg/ha + S-10 kg/ha , 8: N-30 kg/ha + S- 20 kg/ha ,9: N-30 kg/ha + S-30 kg/ha. Treatments consisted of three levels of Nitrogen (10, 20, 30 kg ha-1) and four levels of Sulphur (10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1). The results obtained that application of Nitrogen 30kg/ha along with Sulphur 30kg/ha recorded significantly higher Plant height (42.68cm), Number of nodules/plant (7.33) Plant dry weight (19.30g/plant), Number of Pods/plant (159.42), Number of Seeds/pod (1.80), Seed yield (1719.3kg/ha) and Stover yield (2814 kg\ha) and Harvest Index (37.92%). Higher Gross returns (87684.30 INR/ha), Net return (59773.60 INR/ha) and Benefit cost ratio (2.14) were obtained in the treatment with application of Nitrogen 30kg/ha along with Sulphur 30kg/ha. Sulphur application up to 30 kg ha-1 increased significantly the uptake of N and K by the crop. Protein content in grain increased significantly with the addition of N (30 kg ha-1) and sulphur (30 kg ha-1). Yield of lentil increased linearly with increasing levels of Sulphur. Therefore, it is concluded that the application of Nitrogen 30kg/ha + Sulphur 30kg/ha was more productive and economically feasible.

Impact on plant productivity under low-fertility sandy soil in arid environment by revitalization of lentil roots.

Lentil is one of the essential legume crops, which provides protein for humans and animals. This legume can improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, which is imperative in low-fertility soils. The growth and productivity of lentil could be enhanced through improving nutrition and root revitalization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of root activator (RA) and phosphorus (P) application on morphological, physiological, agronomic, and quality traits of lentil under newly reclaimed low-fertility sandy soil in an arid environment. The RA was applied at four levels of 0 (RA0-untreated control), 1.25 (RA1), 2.5 (RA2), and 3.75 (RA3) l ha–1. RA contained 9% potassium humate, 1,600 ppm indole butyric acid, 200 ppm gibberellic acid, and 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid. The recommended rate of phosphorus (P) fertilization in the newly reclaimed low-fertility sandy soil (75 kg P2O5 ha–1) was applied, and its amount was increased and decreased by 25 kg P2O5 ha–1 vs. non-added control. Thus, P rates were applied at four rates 0 (P0; control), 50 (P1), 75 (P2), and 100 (P3) kg phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) ha–1. Our results revealed that treated lentil plants with the high levels of both treatments (RA3 and P3) exhibited superiority in root measurements (root length, total number of nodules plant−1, number of active nodules plant−1, dry weights of active nodules, and total root), nitrogenase activity, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, yield traits, and seed proteins and carbohydrates. However, the recommended P level (75 kg P2O5 ha–1, P2) under the high level of RA (3.75 l ha–1, RA3) displayed non-significant differences in yield traits (plant height, 1,000-seed weight, seed yield ha–1) and quality traits (protein and carbohydrate) with the high P level (100 kg P2O5 ha–1, P3). Accordingly, its recommended economically and environmentally to use this coapplication of RA3 and P3 in low-fertility soil for better lentil growth, and seed yield and quality.

Influence of Nitrogen and Boron on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of Nitrogen and Boron on growth and yield of Lentil. The treatments consist of nitrogen 10, 20, 30 kg/ha and boron 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 kg/ha. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). Results revealed that the higher plant height (36.40 cm), higher plant dry weight (22.70 g/plant), higher number of pods/plant (174.44), higher number of seeds/pod (1.72), higher seed yield (1.75 t/ha) and higher stover yield (2.67 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Nitrogen 30 kg/ha + Boron 2.0 kg/ha. Higher gross returns (INR 89,059/ha), higher net returns (INR 59,652/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.03) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Nitrogen 30 kg/ha + Boron 2.0 kg/ha).

Influence of Phosphorous and Foliar Spray of Zinc on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris M.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh with the objective to study the Influence of Phosphorus and Foliar Spray of Zinc on Growth and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris M.) Var. KSL-0903 was conducted on Randomized block design comprising of 9 treatments designated as (T1-T9) with different combination of Phosphorus and Foliar Spray of Zinc on which are replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that [Phosphorus 50kg/ha+ Zinc 0.75%] gave the tallest plants (54.53cm), Number of nodules/plant (8.66), Plant dry weight (12.73g), number of pods/plant (163.3), number of seeds/pod (2.00), test weight (25.13g), Seed yield (1.908t/ha), Stover yield (3.534 t/ha). The treatment 9 [Phosphorus 50kg/ha+ Zinc 0.75%] recorded highest net return (66348.30 INR /ha), highest gross return (97308.30 INR/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.14).

Response of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris medik.)

The experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2021-22, Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, to study the response of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris medik.) The treatments consist of nitrogen 10, 20, 30 kg/ha and phosphorus 30, 40, 50 kg/ha. Theresult reported that treatment 9[Nitrogen 30 kg/ha + Phosphorus 50 kg/ha] gave significantly the higher plant height (38.02 cm), number of nodules (37.44), dry weight (13.80 g/plant). It is also observed that the highest grain yield (1.83 t/ha) and the highest stoveryield (2.66t/ha) was obtained with the application of nitrogen 30 kg/ha along with phosphorus 50 kg/ha. The highest gross return (93211 INR/ha), net returns (63830 INR/ha)and B:C ratio (2.17) were also recorded with application of Nitrogen 30kg/ha + Phosphorus 50kg/ha.

Interactive impact of potassium and sulphur to enhance the growth and yield characteristics of lentil (Lens culinaris) genotypes

Potassium and sulphur are macronutrient and important for improving the growth, yield as well as quality of legume species but unfortunately are being fully ignored in the farmer's field for lentil cultivation. Due to their deficiency, yield of lentil crop has decreased up to the marked levels. The performance of five lentil genotypes namely GS-6, GS-10, P-14216, P-14223 and NVUT-E3 was evaluated against different potassium and sulphur levels i.e. K-S = 00-00, K-S = 30-15, K-S = 60-30 kg ha-1 at the experimental fields of Pulse Research Sub-Station, Tandojam. The results indicated a significant (P?0.05) impact of potassium and sulphur on lentil genotypes for all measured traits. The growth and yield traits of all genotypes were enhanced as the potassium and sulphur levels were increased. The highest growth and yield traits were recorded when the plants were treated with K-S = 60-30 kg ha-1. The control plots showed lower performance. Among the genotypes, GS-10 responded well as compared to other genotypes. While the performance of genotype NVUT-E3 was observed lower. It was concluded that potassium and sulphur at the rate of 60-30 kg ha-1 proved best for producing higher yields, while genotype GS-10 exhibited maximum results in all growth and yield traits. Keywords: Interactive impact, Potassium, Sulphur, Lentil Genotypes, Growth, Yield.

Effect of Phosphorous and Boron Levels on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season (2021) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly natural in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.28%), available Nitrogen (225 kg/ha), available Phosphorous (19.50 kg/ha) and available potassium (213.7 kg/ha). The Treatments consisted of 3 levels of Phosphorous (Phosphorous -30 kg/ha), (Phosphorous -45 kg/ha) (Phosphorous -60 kg/ha) and 3 levels of Boron (Boron -1 kg/ha), (Boron -1.5 kg/ha) and (Boron - 2 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments and replicated thrice. The results reported that significantly maximum plant height (53.50 cm), dry weight (8.26 g/plant) and a greater number of nodules (7.80) were found higher with application of treatment 60 kg/ha phosphorous + 2 kg/ha Boron. No. pods/plant (103.70), seeds/pod (2.00), test weight (24.38 g), grain yield (1837.72 kg/ha) and Stover yield (2906.16 kg/ha) were recorded in (treatment-9) that is with 60 kg/ha phosphorous + 2 kg/ha Boron.

​​Effect of Production Components of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under Different Resource Constraints Practices

Background: Lentil occupy a unique place in India’s nutritional food security as it’s a major source of proteins for vegetarians, supply twice protein as compare to rice and wheat. India ranked second in terms of production followed by turkey producing 1.06 million tonnes (Annual Rreport DPB, 2016-17). Still lentil production far from its actual position because of farmer’s negligence in terms of fertilizer, irrigation, weeding, plant protection etc. Based on above mention criteria experiment was conducted to find out the production components for optimization of growth and yield of lentil under resource constraints. Methods: Experiment was conducted during winter season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the District Seed Farm, Kalyani, under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal with a view to identify the most appropriate production components of lentil under resource constraints situation. Result: Fertilizer and weeding components were more noticeable effect on plant height and escaping these two components markedly reduce the plant height in all the growth stages. Skipping of individual component like irrigation only did not vary the dry matter production significantly but when it was combined with fertilizer and weeding components the dry matter production reduced significantly. Among the individual component escaping of fertilizer component greatly reduce the number pods plant-1 followed by weeding and irrigation components. Escaping of irrigation either as single component or in combined with weeding and plant protection did not reduce the 1000 seed weight significantly. Yield reduction was significantly noticed with escaping of production component either in single or in combination. 26-28% of yield reduction was found when component like fertilizer was escaped followed by 25-27% when weeding was escaped from full package. But no significant yield reduction was recorded under the FP-Irrigation and FP-Plant protection. The yield reduction was more pronounced (27-32%) when fertilizer along with weeding components was escaped. Weed growth and density increased with increased the crop age and number of weeds m-2 was found maximum at 45 DAS Highest BCR was found under the treatment FP-(weeding + PP).

Influence of Bio Fertilizers and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

A field experiment was conducted in Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj, (U.P), during the rabi season of 2021-22 with the objective to study the “Influence of bio fertilizers and zinc on growth and yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)”. The soil in the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, pH (7.2), low in organic carbon (0.82%), available N (274.48 kg/ha), available P (26.80 kg/ha) and available K (230.24 kg/ha).The layout of the experiment was done in a Randomized block design with nine treatments which is replicated thrice. The bio fertilizers (Rhizobium, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM)) @ 25 g/kg of seeds and three levels of zinc (4,5,6 kg/ha).Growth and yield parameters namely plant height, number of nodules/plant, dry weight, pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, test weight, seed yield, Stover yield, harvest index were collected from this experiment. Results revealed that significantly higher plant height (35.24 cm), dry weight (25.64), number of nodules (8.33/plant), pods/plant (160.32), seeds/pod (1.89), seed yield (1.79 t/ha), Stover yield (2.60 t/ha) were recorded with treatment combination of Rhizobium at 25 g/kg seeds + Zinc at 6 kg/ha (treatment 3). Maximum gross return (91290.00 INR/ha), net returns (62405.65 INR/ha), and benefit cost (2.16) were obtained highest in the treatment combination of Rhizobium at 25 g/kg seeds + Zinc at 6 kg/ha (treatment 3).

​​Functional Lentil Sprouts Produced under Different Led Light Wavelengths Conditions

Advances in innovative agricultural technology could allow to satisfice the production of fresh foods. The use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) indoor farming production could, modify biological responses increasing the functional value of vegetable food like lentil sprouts, offering higher antioxidants content and to promote the bioavailability of their nutrients. Lentil growth under blue, violet, green, orange and red light in a dark growing chamber. As internal and external controls, seeds were germinated under white and natural (outdoor) light. Morphological, physiological and biochemical variables were evaluated. Green light enlarged the sprouts stem, reduced the biomass and the concentration of chlorophyll. Violet and white lights increased the protein concentration. Blue wavelength increased the seeds germination, concentration of β-carotenes, phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity. The experimental evidence suggest blue LED light could be useful to produce functional lentil sprouts with a high nutritional value.

Effect of Bio-Fertilizers and Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris M.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season (2021-2022) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture. The treatments consisted of Rhizobium 20 g/kg + Sulphur 10 kg/ha, Rhizobium 20 g/kg + Sulphur 20 kg/ha, Rhizobium 20 g/kg + Sulphur 20 kg/ha, PSB 15 g/kg + Sulphur 10 kg/ha, PSB 15 g/kg + Sulphur 20 kg/ha, PSB 15 g/kg + Sulphur 30 kg/ha, VAM 15 g/kg +Sulphur 10 kg/ha, VAM 15 g/kg +Sulphur 20 kg/ha, VAM 15 g/kg +Sulphur 30 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, with 9 treatments replicated thrice. Results revealed that the highest plant height (34.03 cm), number of nodules (11.10), plant dry weight (12.25 g/plant), number of pods per plant (163.1), number of seeds per pod (2.00), test weight (23.95g), seed yield (1.97 t/ha) and stover yield (3.75 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of PSB 15 g/kg + Sulphur 30 kg/ha. Higher gross returns (INR 108455.00/ha), net returns (INR 75505.00/ha) and B:C ratio (2.29) were also recorded with application of PSB 15 g/kg + Sulphur 30 kg/ha.

Effects of Different Concentrations of Dairy Wastewater on Growth, Yield and Protein Quality of Lentils

Effects of Different Concentrations of Dairy Wastewater on Growth, Yield and Protein Quality of Lentils

Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation and Root Stimulator on Growth and Yield of Lentils (Lens Culinais) in Lime Soil

A field experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture / University of Tikrit in the agricultural season 2019, to study the effect of Rhizobium (without and inoculated) and enzyme root Stimulator at three levels (0, 12, 16) L.ha-1 in some traits of growth and yield of lentils and their effect on the root nodes and the number Bacterial cells. The results showed that the Rhizobium pollination led to a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of plants, number of pods, dry weight of pods, 1000 seeds weight (grain yield, number of root nodes, number of bacteria, and nitrogen percentage in the root, and also, the addition of Inicium led to an increase in these studied traits. The interaction between the pollination with Rhizobium and the level of addition of Inicium (16) L.ha-1 gave the highest average of the above traits and the seed yield (593.72) kg.ha-1 and the number of root nodes (8.33) nodes / root / plant and ratio Nitrogen by root is 5.48%.

Effect of High Temperature Stress During the Reproductive Stage on Grain Yield and Nutritional Quality of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus).

High temperature during the reproductive stage limits the growth and development of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). The reproductive and seed filling periods are the most sensitive to heat stress, resulting in limited yield and nutritional quality. Climate change causes frequent incidents of heat stress for global food crop production. This study aimed to assess the impact of high temperature during the reproductive stage of lentil on grain yield, nutritional value, and cooking quality. Thirty-six lentil genotypes were evaluated under controlled conditions for their high temperature response. Genotypic variation was significant (p < 0.001) for all the traits under study. High temperature-induced conditions reduced protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in lentils. Under heat stress conditions, mineral concentrations among lentil genotypes varied from 6.0 to 8.8 mg/100 g for Fe and from 4.9 to 6.6 mg/100 g for Zn. Protein ranged from 21.9 to 24.3 g/100 g. Cooking time was significantly reduced due to high temperature treatment; the range was 3–11 min, while under no stress conditions, cooking time variation was from 5 to 14 min. Phytic acid variation was 0.5–1.2 g/100 g under no stress conditions, while under heat stress conditions, phytic acid ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 g/100 g. All genotypes had highly significant bioavailable Fe and moderately bioavailable Zn under no stress conditions. Whereas under heat stress conditions, Fe and Zn bioavailability was reduced due to increased phytic acid levels. Our results will greatly benefit the development of biofortified lentil cultivars for global breeding programs to generate promising genotypes with low phytic acid and phytic acid/micronutrient ratio to combat micronutrient malnutrition.