Hair Growth Research Articles

Multiple-wavelength radiation promotes hair growth by enhancing the early stages of hair follicle development in human dermal papilla cells and C57BL/6 mice

Multiple-wavelength radiation promotes hair growth by enhancing the early stages of hair follicle development in human dermal papilla cells and C57BL/6 mice

Evaluation of Derma Genie™-H001 as a Functional Cosmetic Ingredient for Hair Loss Improvement: Assessing Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidative, Photoprotective, Antiandrogenic, and Hair Growth-Inductive Effects

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the potential of Derma Genie™-H001 as a functional cosmetic ingredient for alleviating hair loss symptoms by evaluating its impact on anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, photoprotective, antiandrogenicity, and activation of hair growth-related gene expression. Methods: We employed various methods, including nitric oxide (NO) assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR, to estimate anti-inflammatory activities). Additionally, this study assessed antioxidative and photoprotective effects on human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs) using water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiation assay. To investigate the anti-hair loss effects of Derma Genie™-H001, 3D spheroid culture and qRT-PCR were conducted. Results: Derma Genie™-H001 exhibited the characteristics of polyphenols and demonstrated 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Importantly, it showed no cytotoxicity on HDPCs and increased the diameter of HDPCs 3D spheroid. Inflammatory mediators such as NO and proinflammatory cytokines were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in Raw 264.7 cells treated with Derma Genie™. Moreover, Derma Genie™ exhibited substantial protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and UVB-induced cytotoxicity in HDPCs. Notably, qRT-PCR analysis revealed a decrease in the expression of genes related to hair loss and an increase in the expression of genes associated with hair growth in HDPCs treated with Derma Genie™. Conclusion: Derma Genie™-H001 demonstrated promising effects in mitigating LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced cytotoxicity, UVB-induced cytotoxicity, and DHT-induced TGF-β1 expression. Furthermore, it significantly upregulated the expression of hair growth-related genes. These findings suggest that Derma Genie™ may serve as a valuable functional cosmetic ingredient for improving hair loss symptoms.

Sexual Constitution and Sexual Biography

Sexual constitution is one of the main factors that determines the severity of sexual desire. According to the definition of G. S. Vasilchenko (1977), “... the sexual constitution is a set of stable biological properties which are formed under the influence of hereditary factors and developmental conditions in the prenatal period and the period of early ontogenesis. Sexual constitution limits the range of individual needs at a certain level of sexual activity and characterizes individual resistance to pathogenic factors, which are characterized by selectivity to the sexual sphere”. The concept of “sexual constitution” has gained considerable popularity in specialized literature. To determine the sexual constitution of men, G. S. Vasilchenko developed and tested for the first time a scale for its vector definition, which takes into account seven indicators, namely: I vector – age of sexual libido awakening, II vector – age of first ejaculation, III vector – trochanteric index, IV vector – pattern of hair growth pubic area, V vector – maximum excess, VI vector – time between marriage and entry into the zone of conditional physiological rhythm (CPR), which is equal to two to three sexual acts per week, VII vector – the age of the man at which he switched to CPR. The first four vectors (I–IV) are closely related to the human genotype. They are used to determine the genotypic index of sexual constitution – Kg, which is the arithmetic mean of these vectors. V-VII vectors are used to determine the constitutionally modeled index of sexual activity (Ka). The arithmetic average of all seven vectors (I–VII) is called the phenotypic index of sexual constitution (Kf). After determining the values of all sexual constitution vectors, the Ka/Kg index is also determined, which makes possible to find how much a man’s sexual activity corresponds to his constitutional capabilities. Thus, this indicator in the group of persons “conditional norm” was 1.18. The article presents data on the female sexual constitution and the scale of its vector definition, which was developed and tested by I. L. Botneva (1983). Recommendations for determining the sexual constitution of a person are offered. In addition, the article provides clinical observations of the author, which testify to the influence of sexual biography on sexual activity in order to take it into account when determining this constitution.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum Hydrodistillate and Its Major Component Damulin B Promote Hair Growth-Inducing Properties In Vivo and In Vitro via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Dermal Papilla Cells.

Alopecia, a prevalent yet challenging condition with limited FDA-approved treatments which is accompanied by notable side effects, necessitates the exploration of natural alternatives. This study elucidated the hair growth properties of Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaf hydrodistillate (GPHD) both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, damulin B, a major component of GPHD, demonstrated hair growth-promoting properties in vitro. Beyond its established anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory attributes, GPHD exhibited hair growth induction in mice parallel to minoxidil. Moreover, it upregulated the expression of autocrine factors associated with hair growth, including VEGF, IGF-1, KGF, and HGF. Biochemical assays revealed that minoxidil, GPHD, and damulin B induced hair growth via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through AKT signaling, aligning with in vivo experiments demonstrating improved expression of growth factors. These findings suggest that GPHD and damulin B contribute to the hair growth-inducing properties of dermal papilla cells through the AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Management of canine wounds using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) biomaterial. A case series report.

The increasing interest in platelet-based therapies has underwritten the development of novel veterinary regenerative treatments. The haemoderivative platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) comprises abundant concentrations of platelets and leucocytes, above the physiologic baseline, which are considered essential elements for wound regeneration, stimulating local angiogenesis, cellular migration, proliferation and differentiation, considered essential for skin repair. This study aimed to describe the treatment of eight dogs with naturally occurring cutaneous wounds, where autologous PRF therapy was applied, using a protocol developed by our group. Eight dogs, aged between 7-month and 9-year old, from different breeds and sexes, were enrolled in this study. Four of these wounds were clinically infected. In three cases, two PRF treatments were performed during the first week of treatment, followed by single weekly treatments from the second week onwards, until exophytic granulation tissues were present. In each case, the treatment was finalized only when complete wound closure was achieved. Wounds did not receive topical antiseptics, antibiotics or topical drugs to promote wound healing during the treatment. PRF-grafting treatments were well tolerated in all treated wounds, inducing significant granulation tissue formation. PRF clots acted as a natural tissue filler, promoting epithelization and wound closure, without the requirement of topical antimicrobial/antiseptics application, or additional surgical debridement. Evident skin contraction was recorded in larger injuries and all the treatments resulted in vestigial aesthetic scars where hair growth was also observed. PRF-therapy obtained promising results, as an alternative wound treatment, revealing a biological regenerative action, prompting the natural skin healing process.

Pilonidal disease: comparative analysis of leading professional organizations clinical guidelines

pilonidal disease is an inflammatory disease that is most often localized in the sacrococcygeal area and is characterized by the formation of a cyst or abscess with the possible secondary formation of fistulas. Pilonidal disease is a fairly common disease, according to individual studies, the incidence ranges from 26 cases per 100,000 people (USA) to 48 per 100,000 people (Germany). Men are three times more likely to suffer than women. Most often, the disease manifests itself between the ages of 18 and 30. The risk factors for developing the disease are: excess weight, increased hair growth, chronic trauma to the sacrococcygeal area and anatomical features of the gluteal cleft (its shape, depth, configuration). The occurrence and development of the disease in persons of working age often leads to a sharp decrease in work capacity and quality of life. There is still no single, generally accepted classification of pilonidal disease in the world. Today, there are 3 clinical guidelines created by professional associations (USA, Germany, Italy), based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of the study is to perform a comparative analysis of the main points of the clinical guidelines of leading professional organizations (German National Guideline on the management of pilonidal disease, The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons' Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pilonidal Disease, Consensus statement of the Italian society of colorectal surgery: management and treatment of pilonidal disease) regarding the clinical-diagnostic approach and the choice of optimal treatment tactics for patients with certain forms of pilonidal disease. In the study, a review and comparative analysis of literary sources from the scientific databases of medical literature PubMed Central (U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect (Elsevier publishing house), Wiley online library, Springer Link, Cochrane library, materials of the 3rd International Pilonidal Conference ( 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark) and clinical guidelines of specialized organizations of the USA, Germany and Italy. The following issues of diagnosis and treatment of diseases are selected for comparative analysis: choice of prevention method and non-surgical procedures that reduce the risk of disease recurrence; choice of treatment method and assessment of its necessity for asymptomatic pilonidal cysts; the choice of a surgical method of treatment for symptomatic pilonidal cysts; the choice of a method of surgical treatment for a recurrent form of PC. According to the performed analysis, it can be concluded that the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies reflected in the clinical guidelines are based on the evidence base and the analysis of research data conducted in the field of treatment of pilonidal disease, which leads to the existence of an essential correlation between the recommendations related to the choice of a method of prevention and non-surgical procedures that reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease, the method of treatment and assessment of its necessity for the asymptomatic form of the disease, methods of surgical treatment of the recurrent form of the disease. There are differences between clinical guidelines due to varying general consensus structures and main questions chosen to form a list of general provisions.

The Effects of Negative Pressure Therapy on Hair Growth of Mouse Models.

Negative pressure therapy (NPT) has been shown to facilitate wound healing and promote hair growth in a porcine model. However, there is a paucity of research on the impact of negative pressure on hair growth in murine models. Despite the ability of nude mice to develop hair follicles, the hair they produce is often flawed towing to genetically induced keratin disorders, rendering them a pertinent animal model for assessing hair regeneration. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of negative pressure on hair follicle growth in a nude mouse model. To achieve this, a customized external tissue expansion device was developed to apply negative pressure to the dorsum of nude mice. The mice were subjected to several treatment courses consisting of 15 and 30 min of continuous negative pressure at 10 mmHg, which were repeated 5 and 10 times every other day until sacrifice. Dorsal skin samples were subsequently extracted from the suction and nonsuction areas. The sections were stained with various antibodies to assess the expression of SOX-9, LHX-2, Keratin-15, β-catenin, CD31, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and a TUNEL assay was used to analyze cell apoptosis. The results showed that the number of hair follicles and angiogenesis were significantly higher in the suction area than in the nonsuction area in all groups. Moreover, mice that received NPT for 15 min for 10 times had a higher hair follicle density than the other three groups. Immunofluorescence staining for LHX-2 and Keratin 15 further validated the results of these findings. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that negative pressure effectively promotes hair follicle growth and angiogenesis in nude mice through SOX-9- and LHX-2-mediated follicular regeneration and β-catenin-mediated hair follicle morphogenesis.

Management of Alopecia Areata Through Micro Needling Along with Cupping

Ayurveda considered Alopecia areata as a minor ailment but now in this era of presentation looks are very important. Everyone wants to be beautiful and attractive. Hairs and skin are the mirror of beauty. If these two things are healthy and beautiful then the person looks more beautiful. An 18-year-old boy came to OPD with patches of baldness over his scalp. He has taken ‘n’ no. of treatment modalities for Alopecia areata but the results were not mesmerizing. The patient was advised to do microneedling with cupping for his baldness. According to the Pull and Tug test and SALT criteria, the patient had a 40% area of baldness at the center. After obtaining consent, the procedure was done thrice in 15 days. Along with this, internal medication with local application of oil was going on. In Internal medication, Asthimajja pachak (herbal drug combination), Praval Panchamrit (sea-origin calcium supplement), and Krumikurthar rasa (herbs-mineral drug) were given. After 4 months, with 15 sitting of microneedling with cupping, the patient had normal and healthy hair growth. Micro-needling along with internal medication is the best, cost-effective, and less invasive solution for re-growing hairs over high-cost hair treatments and transplantation.

Spanlastic-laden nanogel as a plausible platform for dermal delivery of bimatoprost with superior cutaneous deposition and hair regrowth efficiency in androgenic alopecia

Bimatoprost (BIM) is a prostaglandin F2α analogs originally approved for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Recent studies have highlighted its potential to boost hair growth. The objective of this investigation is to challenge the potential of spanlastics (SLs) as a surfactant-based vesicular system for promoting the cutaneous delivery of BIM for the management of alopecia. BIM-loaded spanlastics (BIM-SLs), composed of Span as the main vesicle component and Tween as the edge activator, were fabricated by ethanol injection method. The formulated BIM-SLs were optimized by 23 full factorial design. The optimized formula (F1) was characterized for entrapment efficiency, surface charge, vesicle size, and drug release after 12 h (Q12h). The optimized formula (F1) exhibited high drug entrapment efficiency (83.1 ± 2.1%), appropriate zeta potential (−19.9 ± 2.1 mV), Q12h of 71.3 ± 5.3%, and a vesicle size of 364.2 ± 15.8 nm, which favored their cutaneous accumulation. In addition, ex-vivo skin deposition studies revealed that entrapping BIM within spanlastic-based nanogel (BIM-SLG) augmented the dermal deposition of BIM, compared to naïve BIM gel. Furthermore, in vivo studies verified the efficacy of spanlastic vesicles to boost the cutaneous accumulation of BIM compared to naive BIM gel; the AUC0-12h of BIM-SLG was 888.05 ± 72.31 μg/mL.h, which was twice as high as that of naïve BIM gel (AUC0-12h 382.86 ± 41.12 μg/mL.h). Intriguingly, BIM-SLG outperforms both naïve BIM gel and commercial minoxidil formulations in stimulating hair regrowth in an androgenetic alopecia mouse model. Collectively, spanlastic vesicles might be a potential platform for promoting the dermal delivery of BIM in managing alopecia.

Alopecia Areata Treated with Homoeopathic Preparation of Phosphorus: Two Evidence-Based Case Reports

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is a type of non-scarring, autoimmune hair loss on the scalp or body characterised by solitary or multiple bald patches. In modern medicine, treatment is mainly in the form of corticosteroids. Homoeopathy provides a better response by framing the totality and choosing the medicine based on symptom similarity. The presented case reports evaluated the utility of individualised homoeopathic treatment on AA with evidence-based assessment. The two cases were prescribed individualised homoeopathic medicine and followed for more than 1 year. The cases were assessed by Severity Alopecia Tool (SALT) score, Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile 2 (MYMOP2) and periodic photographic evidence. Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homoeopathy (MONARCH) was used to assess the clinical outcome's causal attribution to the prescribed homoeopathic medicine. Both patients were given Phosphorus in centesimal potency resulting in a complete cure with a full growth of hair and without further relapse of symptoms. SALT score reduced from 24.04 to 0% in case 1 and 8.4 to 0% in case 2 after 18 months of treatment. MYMOP2 profile score declined from 3.5 to 0 in case 1 and 5.5 to 0 in case 2. The physician assessed the MONARCH score as +09 and +10 for cases 1 and 2, signifying strong causal attribution to Phosphorus prescribed in both cases. Individualised homoeopathic treatment caused improvement in AA along with general well-being. Systematic research with a larger sample size would be required to confirm observations of these two cases.

Clinical effects of flaps or myocutaneous flaps transplantation after titanium mesh-retaining debridement in repairing the wounds with exposed titanium mesh after cranioplasty

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of flaps or myocutaneous flaps transplantation after debridement to repair the wounds with exposed titanium mesh after cranioplasty on the premise of retaining the titanium mesh. Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study. From February 2017 to October 2022, 22 patients with titanium mesh exposure after cranioplasty who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Plastic, Aesthetic & Maxillofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, including 15 males and 7 females, aged from 19 to 68 years. After admission, treatments such as bacterial culture of wound exudate sample, anti-infection, and dressing change were carried out. Thorough surgical debridement was performed when the wound improved, and the wound area was 3.0 cm×2.0 cm to 11.0 cm×8.0 cm after debridement. The wound was repaired with local flaps, expanded flaps, or free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps according to the size, location, severity of infection, and surrounding tissue condition of the wounds, and the areas of flaps or myocutaneous flaps were 5.5 cm×4.0 cm to 18.0 cm×15.0 cm. The donor areas of flaps were sutured directly or repaired by split-thickness skin grafts from head. The wound repair method was recorded. The survivals of flaps or myocutaneous flaps after surgery and wound healing in 2 weeks after surgery were recorded. During postoperative follow-up, recurrence of infection or titanium mesh exposure in the implanted area of titanium mesh was observed; the head shapes of patients, scar formation of the operative incision, and baldness were observed. At the last follow-up, the satisfaction of patients with the treatment effect (dividing into three levels: satisfied, basically satisfied, and dissatisfied) was evaluated. The total treatment costs of patients during their hospitalization were calculated. Results: The wounds in 11 cases were repaired with local flaps, the wounds in 5 cases were repaired with expanded flaps, and the wounds in 6 cases were repaired with free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. All flaps or myocutaneous flaps survived completely after surgery, and all wounds healed well in 2 weeks after surgery. Follow up for 6 to 48 months after operation, only one patient with local flap grafting experienced a recurrence of infection in the titanium mesh implanted area at more than one month after surgery, and the titanium mesh was removed because of ineffective treatment. Except for one patient who had a local depression in the head after removing the titanium mesh, the rest of the patients had a full head shape. Except for myocutaneous flap grafting areas in 6 cases and skin grafting area in 1 case with local flaps grafting had no hair growth, the other patients had no baldness. All the scars in surgical incision were concealed. At the last follow-up, 19 cases were satisfied with the treatment effects, 2 cases were basically satisfied, and 1 case was dissatisfied. The total treatment cost for patients in this group during hospitalization was 11 764-36 452 (22 304±6 955) yuan. Conclusions: For patients with titanium mesh exposure after cranioplasty, on the premise of adequate preoperative preparation and thorough debridement, the wound can be repaired with appropriate flaps or myocutaneous flaps according to the wound condition. The surgery can preserve all or part of the titanium mesh. The postoperative wound healing is good and the recurrence of infection or titanium mesh exposure in the titanium mesh implanted area is reduced, leading to good head shape, reduced surgical frequency, and decreased treatment costs.

Reproductive and productive performance of hair sheep in a semi-intensive system in southeastern Mexico

Productivity measured as kilograms of lamb weaned per ewe is a composite trait of economic importance and can be used as selection criterion of maternal breeds. The objective of this study was to estimate the reproductive, preweaning growth and productivity performance of hair breed ewes, and the effect some nongenetic factors influencing them under semi-intensive conditions in southeastern, Mexico. Information of purebreds and crossbred ewes and their lambs was used to develop a composite productivity index. The final mixed model used (except for age at first lambing, AFL), included the fixed effect of breed group, year (Y, 2016-2019) and season of lambing (dry, rainy and wind and rainy), lambing number (1, 2, … ≥ 5), litter size (LS, single and double for weaning traits), and the random effects of ewe within breed group and residual error. Except for the AFL, the effect of the breed group and all other non-genetic factors were significant (P < 0.0100). No breed or crossbred was superior for all traits studied, yet Katahdin breed (K) excelled the most, despite of its reproductive performance. Traits in the productivity index (litter size at lambing, adjusted litter weaning weight and lambing interval) could not be used as an optimal indicator for the identification of the best breed for crossbreeding. The K showed the best maternal ability, except for lambing interval and AFL, influenced by all non-genetic factors which could be improved by sound flock management.

Potential Biomolecule Fisetin: Molecular and Pharmacological Perspectives

Abstract: The naturally occurring, bioactive dietary flavonoid known as fisetin, also known as a tetrahydroxy flavone, is widely present in foods like apples, strawberries, grapes, persimmons, onions, kiwi, kale, and others. In addition, due to their increased safety, affordability, and practicality for oral administration, dietary flavonoids are the focus of intense research. The configuration, quantity, and kind of hydroxyl groups it contains in relation to functional groups in the nuclear structure determine its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activity. Fisetin exerts its wide range of pharmacological activities by modulating various pathways, making it useful for diverse biological conditions. These pathways include PI-3 kinase/AKT/p38, TFEB and Nrf2, suppression of EGF-induced MMP-9 & sp-1 transcription, AKT/MAPK, JAKSTAT/ NF-kB, MEK/ERK, COX-2/iNOS, NF-kB/p300/IKK, VEGFR1/p-ERK1/2/ p38/pJNK, NF-κB/I-κBα, COX-2/WNT/EGFR/NF-κB, CDKN1B/P70S6K, PI3K/ AKT/CREB, PI3K/AKT/GSK3β, TLR4/NF-κB, and TXNIP/MAPKs, contributing to apoptotic cell death and potential therapeutic applications, making it a valuable molecule in various health contexts. Pleiotropic pharmacological properties of the polyphenol fisetin, make the molecule effective as antihyperalgesic, antileishmanial, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive & cardioprotective, anti-photo inflammatory, antiproliferative, anti-cancer drug and used in psoriasis, ACD, AMD, SCI, hair growth promoter, SLE, AOM, SS2 infections, UL, PVR, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s diseases. This study explores the flavone molecule fisetin and its structural, chemical, biological, pharmacological, and molecular properties.

Factors related to adolescent women's readiness for menarche

Menarche is the first natural bleeding occurring in teenage women where blood comes out of the vagina or can be called the first menstruation. Menarche is an early sign of other changes such as breast growth, hair growth in the pubic and axillary areas, and fat distribution in the hip area. Objective: This research determines the factors related to the readiness of young women to face menarche in young women at Baitul Aziz High School, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency in 2023. This type of research is an Analytical Survey of researchers who try to explore how and why this phenomenon occurs and this research uses a cross-sectional approach, namely finding out what factors are related to the readiness of young women to face menarche. The sample used was 40 people. Data analysis in this study was univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test with a=0.05. Based on the results of the Chi-square statistical test, this research found that there was a relationship between the readiness of young women to face menarche, namely the knowledge factor with a p-value = 0.001, the attitude factor with a p-value = 0.000, and the family support factor with a p-value -value= 0.003 so all Ho are rejected (p<0.05). Baitul Aziz High School, Percut Sei Tuan subdistrict, Deli Serdang district, to foster more motivation, enthusiasm and increase knowledge when facing menstruation for the first time (menarche).

Cytoprotective role of human dental pulp stem cell-conditioned medium in chemotherapy-induced alopecia

BackgroundChemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a distressing adverse effect of chemotherapy, with an estimated incidence of 65% and limited treatment options. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a common alopecia-inducing chemotherapy agent. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) secrete several paracrine factors that up-regulate hair growth. Conditioned medium (CM) collected from DPSCs (DPSC-CM) promotes hair growth; culturing mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxic conditions can enhance this effect.MethodsThe effect of DPSC-CM cultured under normoxic (N-) and hypoxic (H-) conditions against CYP-mediated cytotoxicity in keratinocytes was examined using cell viability assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay, and apoptosis detection. The damage-response pathway was determined in a well-established CIA mouse model by analyzing macroscopic effects, histology, and apoptosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and Caspase-3/7 activity assay were used to investigate the impact of DPSC-CM on the molecular damage-response pathways in CYP-treated mice. The effect of post-CIA DPSC-CM application on post-CIA hair regrowth was analyzed by macroscopic effects and microstructure observation of the hair surface. Furthermore, to investigate the safety of DPSC-CM as a viable treatment option, the effect of DPSC-CM on carcinoma cell lines was examined by cell viability assay and a subcutaneous tumor model.ResultsIn the cell viability assay, DPSC-CM was observed to increase the number of keratinocytes over varying CYP concentrations. Furthermore, it reduced the LDH activity level and suppressed apoptosis in CYP-treated keratinocytes. DPSC-CM exhibited the cytoprotective role in vivo via the dystrophic anagen damage-response pathway. While both N-CM and H-CM downregulated the Caspase-3/7 activity level, H-CM downregulated Caspase-3 mRNA expression. The proportion of post-CIA H-CM-treated mice with > 90% normal hair was nearly twice that of vehicle- or N-CM-treated mice between days 50 and 59 post-depilation, suggesting that post-CIA H-CM application may accelerate hair regrowth and improve hair quality. Furthermore, DPSC-CM suppressed proliferation in vitro in certain carcinoma cell lines and did not promote the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-VII) tumor growth rate in mice.ConclusionsThe potentiality of DPSC-CM and H-CM as a promising cytoprotective agent and hair regrowth stimulant, respectively, for CIA needs in-depth exploration.

Evolutionary origin of Hoxc13-dependent skin appendages in amphibians

Cornified skin appendages, such as hair and nails, are major evolutionary innovations of terrestrial vertebrates. Human hair and nails consist largely of special intermediate filament proteins, known as hair keratins, which are expressed under the control of the transcription factor Hoxc13. Here, we show that the cornified claws of Xenopus frogs contain homologs of hair keratins and the genes encoding these keratins are flanked by promoters in which binding sites of Hoxc13 are conserved. Furthermore, these keratins and Hoxc13 are co-expressed in the claw-forming epithelium of frog toe tips. Upon deletion of hoxc13, the expression of hair keratin homologs is abolished and the development of cornified claws is abrogated in X. tropicalis. These results indicate that Hoxc13-dependent expression of hair keratin homologs evolved already in stem tetrapods, presumably as a mechanism for protecting toe tips, and that this ancestral genetic program was coopted to the growth of hair in mammals.

GLABRA 2 regulates ETHYLENE OVERPRODUCER 1 accumulation during nutrient deficiency-induced root hair growth.

Root hairs (RHs), extensive structures of root epidermal cells, are important for plant nutrient acquisition, soil anchorage, and environmental interactions. Excessive production of the phytohormone ethylene (ET) leads to substantial root hair growth, manifested as tolerance to plant nutrient deficiencies. However, the molecular basis of ET production during root hair growth in response to nutrient starvation remains unknown. Herein, we found that a critical transcription factor, GLABRA 2 (GL2), inhibits ET production during root hair growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). GL2 directly binds to the promoter of the gene encoding ET OVERPRODUCER 1 (ETO1), one of the most important ET-production-regulation factors, in vitro and in vivo, and then regulates the accumulation and function of ETO1 in root hair growth. The GL2-regulated-ETO1 module is required for promoting root hair growth under nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium deficiency. Genome-wide analysis revealed numerous genes, such as ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4, ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 2, ROOT HAIR SPECIFIC 13, are involved in the GL2-regulated-ETO1 module. Our work reveals a key transcription mechanism in the control of ET production during root hair growth under three major nutrient deficiencies.

Review on Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo

Herbal shampoos are cosmetics primarily used for hair cleansing. Multiple herbal ingredients and plant based products used in preparation of herbal shampoo according to requirement. Medicated shampoo is mixed with specific ingredients to treat specific hair problems. The study aimed to review the formulation method, ingredients and evaluation parameter of shampoo preparation. Numerous methods have been suggested to formulate and evaluate shampoo, selection and use of ingredients depends upon target and availability of formulation ingredients. Shampoos are generally used to clean dirt, make the hair lustrous shiny, promote hair growth, treatment of lice, scabies and dandruff. Shikakai, reetha, amla, neem, tulsi, lemon, orange, Aloevera, methyl, propyl paraben and sodium benzoate as preservative, citric acid could be used for pH adjustment. Evaluation of shampoo could be done by visual inspection, pH, wetting time, percentage of solid contents, foam volume and stability, surface tension, detergency, dirt dispersion etc.

Optimization of Bear Oil Extraction Process and Hair Growth Activity.

According to ancient Chinese books, bear grease has the effects of strengthening muscles and bones, which is beneficial for weakness, but there is relatively little research on it. Thus, the extraction of it is beneficial for compensating for research in this area. In this study, a uniform experimental design method was used to optimize the extraction process of bear grease by enzymatic hydrolysis extraction, and the extraction rate can reach 81.89% under optimized extraction conditions. Furthermore, the components of bear grease obtained by this study were analyzed by GC-MS, and the results showed that ursolic oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acids (67.51%), which was higher than that of the traditional method (66.92%). The composition of bear grease extracted by the enzymatic method was also better than that extracted by the traditional method. In addition, bear grease obtained in this study had the obvious activity of promoting hair growth. The length, weight, and number of hair follicles in the depilation area of mice in the high-dose group were significantly different from those in the blank group (p < 0.01). This study optimized the extraction process of bear grease and conducted a preliminary analysis of its fatty acid composition, which is expected to provide some reference for the development of the medicinal value of bear grease.

Evaluation of betulin for hair growth promoting activity in rats

Hair has historically been associated with beauty and a person's unique personality. Numerous elements, including metabolism, hormones, inheritance, and the adverse effects of immunosuppressive and anti-neoplastic medications, can adversely impact hair health and lead to hair loss, or alopecia. It is typical everywhere in the world.The current study examined the effect of betulin for hair growth promoting activity in rats.The study used 48 albino wistar rats, weighing 200 ± 30 grams and aged between 12 and 16 months. Testosterone was given at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg to induce hair loss. During 28 days, a once-daily topical application of minoxidil solution was made. On a daily basis for 28 days, betulin was administered orally at concentrations of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg. A combination of Betulin (10 mg/kg p.o.) and 3% Minoxidil was administered to one group, while the other was treated with Topical Betulin Solution (3 mg/ml once daily for 28 days). ANOVA analysis was used to ascertain the data's statistic.The results showed that effect of Betulin on Alopecia as evidenced by decreased levels of cholesterol, testosterone and increased levels of Hair length.According to the current study, albino wistar rats with Testosterone induced Alopecia can benefit from treatment with an Betulin.