Growth Of Fry Research Articles

Supplementing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae with dietary beta-glucan could improve their growth, survival, immune function, intestinal and liver histomorphology

Abstract Β-glucan exerts a positive impact and consider as a functional feed additives to enhance fish growth, immunity, control disease outbreaks and pathogen infections by increasing functional, immune and decreasing harmful responses. The present study aimed to determine the most effective dietary level of beta-glucan (βG) to improve Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fry growth performance, feed utilization, and hematological indicators. Seven isonitrogenous (32% crude protein) and isocaloric diets (18 MJ/kg) were formulated. All diets were identical except for the variation in βG levels.The basal experimental diet (control diet) had no βG added. Diets 2–7 each contained βG at levels of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg diet, respectively. A total of 840 fish with an average body weight of 0.2±0.01 g were allocated into the seven experimental treatments (in triplicate). The trial lasted for 120 days, Nile tilapia fry growth performance and feed utilization were significantly (P≤0.05) higher in all treatments receiving βG diets than in the control diet. The fish fed with ßG0.1 diet showed the highest significant growth induces and the best FCR values. The survival (S%) of the fish also showed a significant increase in the βG diets up to ßG0.8 levels, when compared to the other experimental diet groups. All hematological parameters increased (P≤0.05) in fish fed with a diet supplemented up to ßG0.8 compared to the control group. Histological examination of the intestine and liver in the control group revealed histopathological alterations in the villi. On the other hand, the groups treated with βG had longer and structurally normal villi. The most well-preserved intestinal tissue and the tallest villi were observed in ßG0.1, followed by ßG0.050 and ßG0.8 groups. In the liver, the control group exhibited fatty degeneration, necrosis and pyknosis whereas the ßG0.1 group displayed the most preserved hepatic tissue, followed by ßG0.8 and ßG0.2 groups. The results indicate that according to FBW-based broken-line model analysis, the optimal dietary level of βG for Nile tilapia fry to exhibit superior growth and diet utilization efficiency associated with the best FCR for Nile tilapia should be 0.12% βG /kg diet. To increase the immunity of fish and improve the properties of hematological and histopathological indices, the dose can be increased to 0.8% βG without any adverse effects.

Growth optimalization of bileh fish seeds (Rasbora sp.) through different feeding frequencies

Bileh fish is a type of freshwater fish that is sought after by the people of Aceh because it has a delicious taste and is quite tasty. Bileh fish is a local fish species that has the potential to be developed as an aquaculture commodity and its population must be preserved from overfishing. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of different feeding frequencies on the growth of bileh fish fry (Rasbora sp.). This research used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) method consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications each, namely the frequency of feeding 1 time/day (P1), feeding 2 times/day (P2), feeding 3 times/day day (P3) and feeding 4 times/day (P4). The feed given is commercial feed PF 500 with 39% protein. The parameters observed included survival rate, length growth, weight growth, daily growth rate, feed efficiency and water quality. The results showed that different feeding frequencies had no significant effect on survival rate, absolute length and daily growth rate of bileh fish (Rasbora sp.). However, it has a real effect on weight growth and feed efficiency. The best feeding frequency to optimize the weight growth of bileh fish (Rasbora sp.) is in the P3 treatment with a frequency of 3 times/day.Keywords: Feed Efficiency; Feeding Frequency; Growth; Rasbora

Variation of Stocking Density and Water Flow Rate for the Growth and Survival of Siamese Catfish Fry (Pangasius hypophthalmus)

Variation of Stocking Density and Water Flow Rate for the Growth and Survival of Siamese Catfish Fry (Pangasius hypophthalmus)

БАЛЫҚ ДЕРНӘСІЛДЕРІН ӨСІРУ ҮШІН ОҢТАЙЛЫ ҚОРЕК РЕСУРСЫ РЕТІНДЕ АРТЕМИЯЛАРДЫ ӨНДІРУ

In aquaculture, the use of Artemia as an optimal nutrient resource for fish fry is an object of growing interest. The advantages of using Artemia include the possibility of mass cultivation under controlled conditions, the possibility of long-term storage in frozen form and resistance to external environmental conditions. Artemia, belonging to crustaceans, is a rich source of protein, fat, vitamins and minerals necessary for the healthy development of fish larvae. Due to the high content of unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6, fry contribute to the development of a healthy immune system, which reduces the risk of many diseases. Their small size and mobility make them available for cultivation, which ensures a high level of quality and reduces feed consumption. The results of the study show that the use of crustaceans as the main food source for fish farming contributes to improving the life, growth and health of fry. This makes them a successful type of feed in aquaculture and an optimal resource for fish farming. Further research in this area can lead to increased efficiency of fish farming, development of practices and improvement of the overall potential of the aquaculture industry. This article discusses the advantages of using Artemia, its biological value, ease of cultivation and versatility in the nutrition of various fish larvae. Various methods and technologies of growing Artemisia are analyzed, as well as their application in breeding species of fish larvae. Special attention is paid to optimizing the maximum growth of fish larvae and feeding conditions.

Effect of the combination of fluoxymesterone and a commercial blend of additives on the sex proportion, growth, and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry

In the commercial culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), monosex, all-male populations obtained through steroid sex reversal is the most commercially used method to eliminate unwanted reproduction and increase final productive and economic yield. However, the rapid growth of Nile tilapia culture has led, in some regions, to an increase in infectious diseases and mortality in all stages of commercial culture. To reduce this, without the abuse of antibiotics or similar substances, feed additives are currently used in all stages, including the fry period, during the sex reversal process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of synthetic steroid Fluoxymesterone (FM) at various concentrations in combination with a commercial Blend of additives (BA) on the percentage of males, growth, and survival of Nile tilapia fry. Five treatments (FM20, FM5+BA, FM10+BA, FM20+BA, and BA+FM20) and a control group were evaluated. Treatments differ in the order in which the commercial blend (2 g) was added and the FM concentration (5, 10, and 20 mg). The feeding trial lasted for 30 days using a sexually undifferentiated population of Nile tilapia. The results showed a decrease in the percentage of males in all treatments supplemented with the BA, compared to the FM20 treatment (containing 20 mg without BA). Growth and survival were positively affected by the inclusion of the BA in all treatments, showing higher values than those observed in the control group. Further studies are necessary to determine the FM-BA interaction.

Growth and Digestion Level of Baronang Fish (Siganus sp.) Fed with the Addition of Alstonia acuminata Plants

One of the main challenges in cultivation is the availability of feed made from local raw materials. Artificial feed with good nutritional value is known to increase fish growth and feed digestibility. Therefore, we must look for cheaper raw materials so that we can reduce feed prices. One approach that can be used is to use natural ingredients, both vegetable and animal, based on local raw materials, as energy providers for fish growth. The use of the Alstonia acuminata plant as a local raw material component for feed is aimed at increasing growth, feed digestibility, and resistance to disease. This research aims to determine the addition of A. acuminata plants at different doses in feed to increase the growth, survival, and feed efficiency of rabbitfish fry. This research used a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and three replications. A. acuminata plants at doses of 0, 1, 2, and 3% were mixed into isoprotein feed. The test fish used were rabbitfish fry with an initial weight of around 10–20 g, kept in an aquarium measuring 50 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm with a stocking density of 10 fish per aquarium. Fish were given test feed twice a day at 07.00 and 17.00 at satiation. Maintenance was carried out for 42 days. Growth measurements were carried out at the beginning and end of the experiment. The results showed that treatment C provided absolute growth, the highest specific growth rate, a 100% survival rate, as well as high feed efficiency.

The Growth & Survival of Tilapia Fry (Oreochronis niloticus) with the Addition of Fermented Coconut Pulp to Feed

Feed is one of the components that support the aquaculture business, hence the available feed must be sufficient and meet the needs of the fish. The use of coconut pulp as a feed ingredient is limited by its low protein content and high crude fiber content, which reduces the feed's digestibility level. Fermentation is a technology used to increase protein content and reduce crude fiber content, and increase protein digestibility. A. adding fermented coconut pulp 65%, commercial feed 35%, B. adding fermented coconut pulp 45%, commercial feed 55%, C. adding fermented coconut pulp 25%, 75% commercial feed, D. Control (100% commercial feed). This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding fermented coconut pulp to the commercial feed on the growth and survival of tilapia fry (Orechromis niloticus). The research is an experimental study using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications for 12 experimental units. The results showed that the addition of fermented coconut pulp to tilapia feed had no significant effect on absolute weight and absolute length growth, but had a significant effect on the survival rate of tilapia fry. The best dose of adding fermented coconut pulp to the feed was found in the 25% treatment. The addition of fermented coconut pulp up to 45% did not make a significant difference with the use of commercial feed (control). This indicates the addition of fermented coconut pulp up to 45% can still be given to fish, hence it can be recommended that the addition of fermented coconut pulp to the feed should not exceed 45%.

THE EFFECT OF ADDITIONAL DOSES OF CURCUMA FLOUR (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) IN FEED ON THE GROWTH OF GOURAMY (Osphronemus gouramy) FRY

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum content of the addition of curcuma flour with different doses to the feed on the growth of gourami fry (Osphronemus gouramy). The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental method, which consisted of 5 treatments with 3 replications. The treatment used was treatment (A) without giving curcuma flour (control), (B) giving curcuma flour at 2.5%/kg feed, (C) giving curcuma flour at 5%/kg feed, (D) giving curcuma flour ginger at 7.5%/kg feed, (E) giving curcuma flour at 10%/kg feed. The results of analysis of variance (Anova) showed that the addition of the flour at different doses had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the growth of gouramy fish fry. The results showed that the addition of curcuma flour at 7.5%/kg of feed gave the best results with the highest absolute weight growth of 15.11 ± 0,42 g, the highest absolute length growth of 3.92 ± 0,42 cm, the feed conversion ratio of 1.95 ± 0.11, and survival of 100%. Keywords: Gouramy fish, curcuma flour, growth, feed.

The Effect of Probiotic-Induced Fermentation of Restaurant Waste on the Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fry

The study explores using the fermentation process to convert organic restaurant waste into fish feed, a promising solution for aquaculture. The aim is to determine the best type and dosage of probiotics for fermenting restaurant waste (FRWM) and evaluate their impact on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry growth. Three commercial probiotics (P1, P2, and P3) were used at an 8% concentration for fermenting the waste. The best result from the fermentation trial was tested as feed containing different FRWM proportions: 0% (TA), 10% (TB), 20% (TC), 30% (TD), and 40% (TE) with 30% protein content. The trial lasted 42 days, assessing waste chemical composition before and after fermentation, growth rate, amylase and protease activity, feed conversion, survival rate, and water quality. Results showed P1 was most effective, increasing FRWM protein content by 84.25% and reducing crude fiber and fat by 15.17% and 3.94%, respectively. TE (40% FRWM) yielded the best outcomes, with fry common carp achieving a 1.05% daily growth rate and a feed conversion ratio of 0.80, indicating efficient feed utilization. TC (20% FRWM) exhibited the highest survival rate at 88.33%. The inclusion of FRWM influenced amylase activity, increasing enzyme levels and improving feed efficiency and growth rate. In conclusion, using FRWM, fermented with P1 probiotics, showed significant improvements in its composition, leading to enhanced fish growth and feed utilization. The 40% FRWM diet demonstrated the best fish growth rate and feed conversion performance. These findings support using fermented restaurant waste as sustainable and nutritious fish feed in aquaculture.

PENGARUH KETINGGIAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BENIH IKAN KOI (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most popular ornamental fish with high economic value and can compete in local and international markets. One of the obstacles in koi fish farming is growth and survival caused by changes in temperature. One of the factors that affect temperature changes is water level. This study aims to determine the effect of water level on the growth and survival of koi fish seeds. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). There were 4 (four) treatments tested, namely P1 (15 cm) as control, P2 (20 cm), P3 (25 cm), and P4 (30 cm). Each treatment was repeated 3 times, resulting in 12 experimental units. The variables taken were fish length and weight, and water quality (temperature, pH, DO, ammonia). The results showed that. The ideal container water level and can provide the best results to support the growth of koi fish fry is 25 cm. At a water level of 25 cm, weight growth of 0.034 grams/day, length growth of 0.018 cm/day, specific growth rate of 0.021%/day, and survival rate reached 100%. Meanwhile, water quality parameters during the study were in the optimal range, namely temperature 19 - 23 °C, pH 7, dissolved oxygen 5 - 8 mg/L, and ammonia 00.1 - 0.06 mg/L.

Effects of Vitamin C on Growth and Non‐Specific Immune Response of Labeo gonius Fry in Density‐Dependent Biofloc Rearing

Biofloc technology offers a viable choice for the rearing of fish seed by offering a safe and protected habitat for young fish. Nevertheless, it is crucial to establish a standardised stocking density and implement effective ameliorative steps in order to successfully utilise this technology. In this study, a 90‐day investigation was conducted to assess the effect of stocking density and dietary vitamin C (Vit C) levels on the growth and immunity of Labeo gonius fry (1.03 ± 0.01 g) reared in a biofloc system. Three stocking density groups (5, 10 and 15 fish per 50 L) were established, and each experimental group was supplemented with three levels of Vit C (0, 500 and 1000 mg kg−1). The highest survival rate was observed in the lowest density group (five fish per 50 L) fed with 1000 mg kg−1 Vit C. A better feed conversion ratio and significantly higher protein efficiency ratio were found in the moderate stocking density group (10 fish per 50 L) fed with 500 mg kg−1 Vit C. Total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin, and packed cell volume improved in Vit C‐fed groups. The total erythrocyte count (TEC) increased in groups fed Vit C and stocked at lower densities (5 and 10 fish per 50 L). Total serum protein (TPP) content increased when Vit C was added at a rate of 500 mg kg−1. Serum glucose and cortisol levels were significantly reduced in Vit C‐supplemented groups. Supplementation of Vit C at 500 mg kg−1 resulted in a significantly lower value of malondialdehyde (MDA). Thus, the findings confirm that the incorporation of Vit C in the basal diet promotes the growth and health status of L. gonius fry reared in the biofloc system at high‐density rearing.

Hatching success and growth of Snakehead (Channa lucius Cuvier, 1831) larvae and fry at different pH levels

Snakehead (Channa lucius Cuvier, 1831) is a species of potential aquaculture interest in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. However, their optimum environmental conditions have yet to be determined. This study aims to study the hatching success and larval and fry growth of C. lucius at six pH levels (5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0). Two consecutive experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 focused on incubating eggs and nursing the yolk sac larvae, and was carried out in aquariums. The monitoring included incubation time (IT), hatching rate (HR), and deformation rate of the newly hatched larvae (DR). Larvae were also collected daily during nursing for growth determination. In Experiment 2, four-day-old fry after hatching from experiment 1 were reared in plastic tanks with live feeds for 30 days. Growth was checked every ten days, while survival rate (SR) and coefficient of variation (CV) were determined at the end of the experiment. pH 5.5–8.0 was favorable for incubation, larvae, and fry, as assessed through good indicators of IT, HR, DR, and larval length and weight growths, as well as length and weight growths, SR, and CV of fry. Furthermore, the lowest DR (0.33%) was at pH 5.5, while except for pH 7.0, the shortest IT (41.1 h) significantly differed from that at higher pH levels (p < 0.05), and the highest larval growth parameters were at pH 5.5–6.0; meanwhile, pH 5.5–6.5 supported a better life for fry, as showed by the significantly higher growth parameters (p < 0.05) and SR and CV improvements in fry after 30 rearing days. Overall, pH 5.5–8.0 was suitable for the early stages of C. lucius, in which pH 5.5–6.0 was better for incubation and larval growth and pH 5.5–6.5 was better for fry development.

Impact of Feed Additives on the Growth of Gourami Fish Seeds (Osphronemus gourami)

The high market demand for gourami has led to an increase in fish farming activities. However, this fish farming activity is constrained by the spawning and breeding process. Gourami fish takes quite a long time in the seed growth phase so it is feared that it can hamper the fulfillment of gourami fish stocks in the market. Several studies have been conducted to shorten the growth time of fish seeds. One of them is in the field of feed. Modification and alternative feed are expected to contribute to science in the cultivation of gourami fish seeds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feeding additives to increase the growth of carp fry (Osphoronemous gouramy). The research was conducted from August to October 2019 using nets in concrete ponds. The research was conducted experimentally using the group randomized design (RAK) method carried out in 4 treatments and 4 groups. The treatments tested were the provision of additional ingredients consisting of P_1 = 15% Probiotic / Kg feed, P_2 = 0.4% Vitamin C / Kg feed, P_3 = 3% Spirulina/kg feed, P_4 = 3.25% Papain enzyme/kg feed. Observation parameters include absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, survival, and feed conversion ratio. The results showed that 3% spirulina/kg and 3.25% papain enzyme/kg had a significant effect on the rate of weight growth and growth.

The effect of commercial feeds with different protein content on the growth and survival of tiger shrimp fry (Penaeus monodon)

In Aceh Province, tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) are one of the main commodities of farmers for cultivation. Feed is one of the factors that can support the development of tiger prawn culture. The quality feed is feed that contains essential nutrients in sufficient quantities, one of which is protein. This study aims to determine the effect of commercial feed with different protein content on the growth and survival of tiger prawn fry. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method consisting of 3 treatments and 4 repetitions, namely P1 (using 40% protein feed), P2 (using 35% protein feed), and P3 (using 26% protein feed). The results showed that commercial feed with different protein content had an effect on active weight growth and feed conversion ratio, but had no effect on tiger prawn survival. Furthermore, the best protein content for the growth and survival of tiger prawn was obtained, namely 40%.Keywords: commercial feed; growth; protein; survival rate; tiger prawn.

Effect of giving viterna plus supplements at different doses in feed on growth, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio of milkfish (Chanos chanos) seeds

One of the viterna plus supplements, which are simple to digest and can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of fish digestion, is a supplement that adds nutritional value for growth. The goal of this study was to ascertain how adding viterna plus supplements to the feed at various doses would affect the growth of milkfish fry. With 5 treatments and 4 replications, the method used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Absolute length, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rate all demonstrated a significant effect in the ANOVA test results (P 0.05). However, there was a significant effect on survival (P> 0.05). The best absolute growth in weight and length was demonstrated by a dose of 20 ml/kg in feed, or 0.59 gr and 1.77 cm, respectively. With a feed conversion ratio of 1.10, the specific growth rate at this dose was 1.47% per day. In addition, a dose of 15 ml/kg of feed resulted in the best survival at P3 of 94.2%. Water quality still falls within the expected range. The growth of milkfish fry can be supported by the addition of viterna plus supplements at a dose of 20 ml/kg of feed.

Effect of vitaliquid multivitamin addition and cassava leaf flour to feed on the growth and survival of saline tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus)

Saline tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a fish that is relatively easy to maintain in fresh or brackish water conditions. Adding cassava leaf meal and multivitamin vitaliquid to the feed can increase the high appetite of fish and accelerate the growth of saline tilapia. This research was implemented to find the effectiveness of multivitamin vitaliquid on the growth and survival rate of saline tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The rule used is an experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), four treatments and six replications. Data showed that the largest absolute weight growth was achieved by P4 of 4.98 ± 3.14 grams, while the smallest result was at P1 which was 2.78 ± 0.21 grams. The greatest absolute length growth was achieved at P3 resulting in a length of 2.3 ± 0.86 cm, while the smallest result was at P1 which was 1.3 ± 0.41. The highest specific growth rate was achieved at P3 11.35 ± 0.57%, while the lowest was at P2 of 9.53 ± 1.58%. The highest survival rate of saline tilapia was found in P1 at 95%, while the lowest was found in P3 and P4 which had no different results, 81.7%. The effectiveness of multivitamin vitaliquid in commercial feed given cassava leaf flour in terms of absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, specific growth rate and survival of saline tilapia fry is very effective compared to just being given pellet feed.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PAKAN CACING SUTRA (TUBIFEX SP) DENGAN FREKUENSI YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG (CLARIAS SP)

The aim of this research is to determine the most effective and efficient feeding frequency so that it can influence the growth of Sangkuriang catfish fry. This type of research is experimental research using analysis of variance (ANASRA). This research was carried out at the Batu Kumbung Fish Seed Center (BBI), Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency. The results of analysis of variance regarding the effect of feeding silk worms with different feeding frequencies on the growth of Sangkuriang catfish seeds showed very significantly different results where F count > F table 1% (26 > 8.02). Further test results using the least significant difference test (BNT) showed that there was a significant difference between P1 and P2 (0.072 > BNT 0.0715), significantly different between treatments P1 and P3 (0.161 < BNT 0.0715) and significantly different between P2 and P3 (0.089 > BNT 0.0715)

Nutritional programming in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Effect of low dietary protein on growth and the intestinal microbiome and transcriptome.

Nutritional programming is the idea that early nutrient contributions can influence organismal structure or function and is documented in a variety of vertebrates, yet studies in fish are largely lacking. Tilapia are an important foodfish, with global production having increased rapidly since the 1990s. They exhibit high disease-resistance and grow well on formulated feeds which makes them an ideal aquaculture species, however incorporating high quality proteins into feeds can be costly. As feed constitutes 50-70% of total production costs in aquaculture, reducing protein content could curb these costs and increase revenue. Thus, we examined the effects of feeding Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fry a restricted protein diet for the first 7-21 days on growth, gut microbial flora, and the intestinal transcriptome. Fish were fed either a 25% restricted or 48% control crude protein starter (ST) diet for up to 21 days and then switched to a 25% or 38% control crude protein growout (GO) diet. Fish fed a 25% ST diet for 14 days followed by a 38% GO diet had significantly higher lengths and weights and better feed efficiency than fish fed the control 48% ST and 38% GO diet after 56 days of culture. Growth of fry on the 25% ST, 7-day/38% GO and the 25% ST,7-day/25% GO diets did not differ from the those fed the control protein diets, while fish fed the 25% ST diet for 21 days had significantly lower growth and survival rates. We observed no significant differences in either alpha or beta diversity of the gut microbial flora between diets, however species richness (Shannon Index) was higher in fry fed the 25% protein ST diet regardless of the GO diet. Similarly, fish fed the 25% ST diet for 14 days followed by the 38% GO diet had minimal changes to the intestinal transcriptome relative to fish fed the control 48% ST and 38% GO diet. However, those fed 25% ST and GO diets for the entire 56 days exhibited substantial differences in the gut transcriptome from other groups showing gene expression profiles characteristic of detrimental changes to gut physiology, protein metabolism and immune function. Results suggest protein restriction for up to 14 days early in development leads to enhanced growth and feed efficiency with minimal effects on gut microbes or intestinal function. Protein restriction beyond this period appears detrimental to fish growth and health as underscored by expression of disease related genes and higher mortality rates.

Application of The Completely Random Design Statistics Method For Analysis of Different Filter Types In Fresh Water Fish Pool Water Recirculation System

In meeting their daily water needs (bathing and washing), the majority of the people of South Kalimantan (South Kalimantan) have been using river water and peat well water, as is the case for fresh water fisheries. However, the water used is cloudy and smells because it is water that is polluted by household waste, and of course it shows the quality of the water that is still being debated for the process of fish cultivation. In the process of cultivating freshwater fish, the standard mechanism is still used, namely by making tarpaulin ponds for fish ponds and river water as a medium for fish cultivation and the process of providing feed. In the process there are several things about water quality and conditions, and several other issues, namely about water circulation, temperature, humidity, pH and oxygen regulation of fish pond water. Fish excrete waste from leftover feed and metabolism which contain lots of ammonia (Effendi, 2003). Fish excrete 80-90% of ammonia through osmoregulation processes, feces and from urine. To produce quality pond water as a medium for fish cultivation, it is necessary to have a proper and good water filter. This study aims to obtain the best filter substrate in increasing the growth and survival of freshwater fish fry reared using polluted river water in a tarpaulin pond with a recirculation system. The filter method used in this study was an experimental method using one factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatment levels and three replications. The treatments applied were P0 = Zeolite, Charcoal, Japmate, Bio Foam, P1 = Bamboo, Charcoal, Japmate, Bio Foam, P2 = Bioball, Charcoal, Japmate, Bio Foam and P3 = Bioring, Charcoal, Japmate, Bio Foam. The resulting data were analyzed for analysis of variance (ANOVA), then continued using the BNT test with 95% and 99% confidence intervals. From the results of the study, the measurement results obtained were for the specific growth rate test (SGR) of 1.15%, the survival test (SR) of 86.66% and the feed conversion ratio test (FCR) of 3.10%. While the supporting parameters are water quality, namely the results of water quality, namely, temperature 28.1 – 30.3 0C, pH 7.4 – 8.1, DO 5.24 6.53 mg/L, NH3 0.06 – 0.40 mg/L, NO2 0.056 – 0.90 mg/L and NO3- 0.28 – 0.190 mg/L. In addition to producing filter products that can support SGR, SR and FCR in freshwater fish, it is hoped that this research will also produce scientific paper outputs that will be published in International Conferences/International Journals and become part of the Study Program's Coursebook for the Accounting Department. Computerized Poliban Accounting and can be applied in the community through the Community Service program

The Use of Fermented Banana Stems as a Source of Probiotics for the Growth and Survival of Carp Fry (Cyprinus carpio L.)

One of the obstacles that exist in this carp hatchery business is the lack of knowledge about the quality of feed that is not in accordance with the nutrients needed by fish. Feed quality that does not match the needs of the fish will lead to a low life-pass rate and fish growth rate. To overcome this, feed mixtures are made using fermented banana stems as a source of probiotics. The use of probiotics becomes an internal solution to produce optimal feed growth and efficiency, reduce production costs, and ultimately reduce environmental burdens due to waste accumulation in waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the right dose and effectiveness of adding probiotics from fermented banana stems mixed directly in carp seed feed on the growth and survival of carp fry. This study was designed using a complete randomised design (CRD). It consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replication for a total of 12 experimental units. The treatments used in this study were treatment A (control), treatment B (1.5 ml/100 g feed), treatment C (3.0 ml/100 g feed), and treatment D (4.5 ml/100 g feed). Based on the results of the study, the highest growth in absolute length and absolute weight and the highest survival occurred in treatment C (3.0 ml/100 g of feed).